CN114263482B - Soft roof coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure-relief gob-side entry method - Google Patents
Soft roof coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure-relief gob-side entry method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114263482B CN114263482B CN202111616105.6A CN202111616105A CN114263482B CN 114263482 B CN114263482 B CN 114263482B CN 202111616105 A CN202111616105 A CN 202111616105A CN 114263482 B CN114263482 B CN 114263482B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000011456 concrete brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a soft-roof coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure-relief gob-side entry method, which comprises the following steps of firstly, calculating the length of an anchor cable and the depth of a kerf hole according to the site condition; secondly, reinforcing the tunnel roof by adopting anchor rod and rope combined anchoring on the tunnel roof; drilling a plurality of kerf holes at the top end of one side of the reserved roadway close to the goaf; step four, temporary support is carried out in the reserved roadway; pouring a concrete brick wall on one side of the reserved roadway close to the goaf, wherein the top surface of the concrete brick wall is in contact with the roadway top plate; step six, gradually removing the anchor rod and cable combined anchoring of the rear tunnel roof along with the pushing of the stope face; and seventhly, along with the advance of the stope face, the goaf roof collapses, a gob roadway is formed behind the temporary support, the temporary support body is removed after the gob roadway is stabilized, and concrete is sprayed on the roadway roof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mine stoping, in particular to a soft-top coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure-relief gob-side entry method.
Background
The gob-side entry means that after coal face stoping, an original stoping roadway is maintained along the edge of a goaf, the roadway tunneling quantity can be effectively reduced by adopting the gob-side entry technology, the loss of a roadway protection coal pillar is reduced, the coal stoping rate is improved, meanwhile, the problem of upper corner gas accumulation can be solved, and the problems of natural ignition and the like of the goaf coal pillar are avoided.
However, because of the blasting links in the roof cutting process along the empty roadway, if the roof of the coal seam is generally an I, II type unstable roof, roof strata cracks develop and break, the compressive strength index is very low or is a weak roof, the risk of roof collapse caused by the geological conditions is very high, and if the roof or roof coal just exposed cannot be supported, the roof collapse can occur at the beam end; under the condition, the blasting operation is carried out, so that the risk coefficient is large, and a large amount of toxic and harmful gas is generated in the blasting operation, so that the health of operators is not facilitated.
Therefore, there is a need to design a soft-roof coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure-relief gob-side entry method for solving the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions: the invention provides a soft-roof coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure-relief gob-side entry method, which comprises the following steps of:
step one, calculating the length of an anchor cable and the depth of a kerf hole according to the field condition;
secondly, reinforcing the roadway top plate by adopting anchor rod and rope combined anchoring on the roadway top plate, wherein the construction of the anchor rod and rope combined anchoring is performed on an advanced stoping working surface;
drilling a plurality of kerf holes at the top end of one side of the reserved roadway close to the goaf, wherein the kerf holes are distributed at equal intervals along the trend of the reserved roadway, and drilling of the kerf holes is performed in advance of the stope face;
step four, temporary support is carried out in the reserved roadway, and the construction of the temporary support is carried out in advance of the stope face;
pouring a concrete brick wall on one side of the reserved roadway close to the goaf, wherein the top surface of the concrete brick wall is in contact with the roadway top plate;
step six, gradually removing the anchor rod rope of the back roadway roof in a combined anchoring way along with the pushing of the stope face;
and seventh, along with the advance of the stope face, the goaf roof collapses, a gob-side roadway is formed behind the temporary support, the temporary support is removed after the gob-side roadway is stabilized, and concrete is sprayed on the roadway roof.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the length of the anchor cable in the first step is as follows,
L ms ＞4H C
L ms length of anchor cable H c Is high in harvest.
Preferably, in the first step, the calculation formula of the depth of the slit hole is as follows,
H f to the depth of the kerf hole, H c To adopt height, deltaH 1 To the roof sinking amount, deltaH 2 The bottom bulge quantity is K, and the crushing expansion coefficient is K.
Preferably, in the second step, the anchor rod and cable combined anchoring method is that a plurality of groups of anchor rod and cable assemblies are anchored on the roadway top plate, the anchor rod and cable assemblies are arranged at equal intervals along the trend of the reserved roadway, and the interval between two adjacent groups of anchor rod and cable assemblies is 1m-1.5m.
Preferably, the anchor rod rope assembly comprises a plurality of anchor ropes and anchor rods which are arranged at intervals, the distance between each two adjacent anchor ropes and the anchor rods is 40cm-60cm, and the anchor ropes are obliquely arranged towards one side far away from the goaf.
Preferably, in the third step, a pre-splitting joint is formed by a plurality of joint holes, the joint holes are all obliquely arranged towards the goaf, an included angle between the axes of the joint holes and the horizontal plane is 60-70 degrees, the distance between two adjacent joint holes is 35cm-45cm, and the diameter of the joint hole is 4cm-5.5cm.
Preferably, in the temporary support method in the fourth step, a plurality of support assemblies are arranged in the reserved roadway, the support assemblies are arranged at equal intervals along the trend of the reserved roadway, and the distance between two adjacent support assemblies is 0.8m-1m.
Preferably, the supporting component comprises a steel beam contacted with the roadway top plate, a wood pad contacted with the roadway bottom plate and a plurality of hydraulic struts positioned between the steel beam and the wood pad, wherein the steel beam and the wood pad are vertically arranged with the trend of the reserved roadway, and the distance between every two adjacent hydraulic struts is 60cm-70cm.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
1. according to the invention, the pre-splitting kerfs are formed by drilling a plurality of kerf holes, so that blasting operation on the goaf top plate is not needed, the problem of large risk coefficient of blasting operation when the top plate is I and II unstable top plates in the prior art is solved, the safety of underground construction is greatly improved, and a better working environment is provided for workers.
2. According to the invention, the roof is reinforced by adopting the anchor rod and rope combined anchoring, so that the stability of the roof of the reserved roadway can be better ensured, the potential safety hazard caused by overlarge sinking of the roof of the roadway in the construction process is effectively avoided, the smooth proceeding of the roadway along the sky is ensured, and the safety in the construction process is ensured.
3. The temporary support is carried out on the reserved roadway, so that the reserved roadway can be effectively supported, sinking and rotation of a top plate and floor heave of the roadway can be effectively reduced, and good conditions can be provided for subsequent concrete brick wall pouring.
4. According to the invention, the reserved roadway can be supported by pouring the concrete brick wall, so that the stability and the safety of the gob-side roadway formed after the temporary support is removed are ensured, meanwhile, the purpose of isolating the goaf from the reserved roadway can be achieved by the concrete brick wall, and the influence on the reserved roadway when the top plate of the goaf collapses is avoided.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a top view of a gob-side roadway;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the anchor-cable anchor-rod assembly, support assembly and slit holes;
wherein, 1, goaf; 2. a tunnel roof; 3. a steel beam; 4. a hydraulic prop; 5. a wood pad; 6. a roadway bottom plate; 7. concrete brick walls; 8. a bolt; 9. an anchor cable; 10. a slit hole; 11. stoping the working face; 12. reserving a roadway; 13. a goaf roof.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
1-2, the invention discloses a soft-top coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure-relief gob-side entry method, which comprises the following steps of:
step one, calculating the length of the anchor cable 9 and the depth of the kerf hole 10 according to the site situation; firstly, calculating the length of the anchor cable 9 and the depth of the kerf hole 10 according to actual conditions, so that good theoretical guarantee can be provided for subsequent construction, and meanwhile, the construction efficiency can be improved;
secondly, reinforcing the tunnel roof 2 by adopting anchor rod and cable combined anchoring on the tunnel roof 2, wherein the construction of the anchor rod and cable combined anchoring is performed on an advanced stope face 11; the anchor rod and cable combined anchoring is adopted to reinforce the roadway roof 2, so that the stability of the pre-roadway roof 2 can be ensured, potential safety hazards caused by overlarge sinking of the roadway roof 2 in the construction process can be effectively avoided, smooth proceeding of the gob-side roadway is ensured, and the safety in the construction process is ensured.
Step three, drilling a plurality of kerf holes 10 on the top end of one side of the reserved roadway 12, which is close to the goaf 1, wherein the kerf holes 10 are distributed at equal intervals along the trend of the reserved roadway 12, and drilling the kerf holes 10 is performed on an advanced stope face 11; the pre-splitting kerfs are formed by drilling a plurality of kerf holes 10, and the kerf holes 10 are obliquely arranged towards the goaf 1, so that blasting operation on the goaf roof 13 is not needed, the problem that the risk coefficient of blasting operation is large when the goaf roof is unstable in the I and II types in the prior art is solved, the goaf roof 13 automatically collapses to form a gob-side roadway after the support is removed, the forming effect of the gob-side roadway is good and stable, the safety of underground construction is greatly improved without blasting operation, and a better working environment is provided for workers.
Step four, temporary support is carried out in the reserved roadway 12, and the construction of the temporary support is carried out on the advanced stope face 11; temporary support is carried out on the reserved roadway 12, the reserved roadway 12 can be effectively supported, sinking and rotation of the roadway top plate 2 and floor heave of the roadway are effectively reduced, and meanwhile good conditions can be provided for subsequent concrete brick wall 7 pouring.
Pouring a concrete brick wall 7 on one side of the reserved roadway 12 close to the goaf 1, wherein the top surface of the concrete brick wall 7 is in contact with the roadway top plate 2; the concrete brick wall 7 has good bearing capacity, the reserved roadway 12 can be supported by pouring the concrete brick wall 7, the stability and the safety of the gob-side roadway formed after temporary support is removed are guaranteed, meanwhile, the concrete brick wall 7 can achieve the purpose of isolating the goaf 1 from the reserved roadway 12, and the influence on the reserved roadway 12 when the goaf top plate 13 of the goaf 1 collapses is avoided.
Step six, gradually removing the anchor rod and cable combined anchoring of the rear tunnel roof 2 along with the pushing of the stope face 11;
step seven, along with the advance of the stope face 11, the goaf roof 13 collapses, a gob-side roadway is formed behind the temporary support, the temporary support is removed after the gob-side roadway is stable, and concrete is sprayed on the roadway roof 2; the concrete is sprayed on the surface of the roadway roof 2 of the gob-side roadway, so that the falling of stone slag on the roadway roof 2 can be effectively prevented, a good construction environment is provided for workers, and the life safety of the workers is ensured.
Furthermore, the anchor cable 9 is a constant-resistance large-deformation anchor cable.
Further, the pouring progress of the concrete brick wall 7 in the fifth step is equal to the progress of the stope face 11.
Further, the distance between the working face 11 of the advanced stope of the anchor rod and cable combined anchorage in the second step is 60m-90m.
Further, in the third step, the distance between the drilling advance stope face 11 of the kerf hole 10 is 40m-60m.
Further, the distance between the temporary support construction advanced stope face 11 in the fourth step is 30m-50m.
Further, the construction section of the temporary support construction lag stope face 11 in the fourth step is 80m-100m.
Further, the calculation formula of the length of the anchor cable 9 in the first step is as follows,
L ms ＞4H C
L ms length of anchor cable H c Is high in harvest.
Further, in the first step, the calculation formula of the depth of the slit hole 10 is as follows,
H f to the depth of the kerf hole, H c To adopt height, deltaH 1 To the roof sinking amount, deltaH 2 The bottom bulge quantity is K, and the crushing expansion coefficient is K.
Further, the method for anchoring the anchor rope in the second step is that a plurality of groups of anchor rope assemblies are anchored on the roadway roof 2, the anchor rope assemblies are arranged at equal intervals along the trend of the reserved roadway 12, and the interval between every two adjacent groups of anchor rope assemblies is 1m-1.5m.
The roadway roof 2 is anchored by the anchor rod rope assemblies, so that the stability of the roadway roof 2 can be ensured, potential safety hazards caused by overlarge sinking of the roadway roof 2 in the construction process can be effectively avoided, smooth proceeding of the roadway along the sky is ensured, and the safety in the construction process is ensured.
Further, the anchor rod rope assembly comprises a plurality of anchor ropes 9 and anchor rods 8 which are arranged at intervals, the distance between each two adjacent anchor ropes 9 and each anchor rod 8 is 40cm-60cm, and each anchor rope 9 is obliquely arranged towards one side far away from the goaf 1.
Adopt stock 8 and stock 8 interval setting's mode, the sinking of control tunnel roof 2 that can be better improves the bearing capacity of country rock, the big deformation of better adaptation country rock, anchor rope 9 slope setting towards the one side of keeping away from goaf 1 can be better apply force to the tunnel roof 2 on the reservation tunnel 12, security in the guarantee work progress.
Further, in the third step, a plurality of kerf holes 10 form pre-splitting kerfs, the kerf holes 10 are all obliquely arranged towards the goaf 1, an included angle between the axes of the kerf holes 10 and the horizontal plane is 60-70 degrees, the distance between two adjacent kerf holes 10 is 35cm-45cm, and the diameter of each kerf hole 10 is 4cm-5.5cm.
The pre-splitting kerfs are formed by drilling a plurality of kerf holes 10, and the kerf holes 10 are obliquely arranged towards the goaf 1, so that blasting operation on the goaf roof 13 is not needed, the goaf roof 13 after support is removed automatically collapses to form a gob-side roadway, the forming effect of the gob-side roadway is good and stable, the safety of underground construction is greatly improved without blasting operation, and a better working environment is provided for workers.
Further, in the temporary support method in the fourth step, a plurality of support assemblies are arranged in the reserved roadway 12, the support assemblies are arranged at equal intervals along the trend of the reserved roadway 12, and the distance between two adjacent support assemblies is 0.8m-1m.
The reserved roadway 12 is reinforced and supported by the plurality of supporting components, so that the reserved roadway 12 can be effectively supported, sinking and rotation of the roadway top plate 2 and floor heave of the roadway are effectively reduced, and good conditions can be provided for subsequent concrete brick wall 7 pouring.
Further, the supporting component comprises a steel beam 3 contacted with the roadway top plate 2, a wood pad 5 contacted with the roadway bottom plate 6 and a plurality of hydraulic supports 4 positioned between the steel beam 3 and the wood pad 5, wherein the steel beam 3 and the wood pad 5 are vertically arranged along the direction of the reserved roadway 12, and the distance between every two adjacent hydraulic supports 4 is 60cm-70cm.
The hydraulic prop 4 top supports the roadway top plate 2 through setting up girder steel 3, supports the roadway bottom plate 6 through setting up the wooden cushion 5 in the hydraulic prop 4 bottom, and setting up girder steel 3 and wooden cushion 5 not only can avoid hydraulic prop 4 direct and roadway top plate 2 and roadway bottom plate 6 contact to cause the damage to roadway top plate 2 and roadway bottom plate 6, simultaneously can be better with the support force transmission to roadway top plate 2 and roadway bottom plate 6 guarantee supporting effect.
Further, the steel beam 3 is mining I-steel.
The specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
firstly, calculating the length of the anchor rope 9 and the depth of the cutting hole 10;
secondly, the roadway roof 2 is reinforced by adopting anchor rod and rope combined anchoring on the roadway roof 2;
thirdly, drilling a plurality of kerf holes 10 on the top end of one side of the reserved roadway 12 close to the goaf 1;
(IV) temporary support is carried out in the reserved roadway 12;
pouring a concrete brick wall 7 on one side of the reserved roadway 12 close to the goaf 1, wherein the top surface of the concrete brick wall 7 is in contact with the roadway roof 2;
step six, gradually removing the anchor rod and cable combined anchoring of the rear tunnel roof 2 along with the pushing of the stope face 11;
and (seventh) along with the advance of the stope face 11, the top plate of the goaf 1 collapses to form a gob-side roadway, and concrete is sprayed on the roadway top plate 2 of the gob-side roadway to finish the construction of the gob-side roadway.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A soft-roof coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure relief gob-side entry method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, calculating the length of an anchor cable (9) and the depth of a cutting hole (10) according to the field condition;
secondly, reinforcing the roadway top plate (2) by adopting anchor rod and cable combined anchoring on the roadway top plate (2), wherein the construction of the anchor rod and cable combined anchoring is performed on an advanced stoping working face (11);
drilling a plurality of kerf holes (10) at the top end of one side of a reserved roadway (12) close to a goaf (1), wherein the kerf holes (10) are distributed at equal intervals along the trend of the reserved roadway (12), and drilling of the kerf holes (10) is performed in advance of the stope face (11);
step four, temporary support is carried out in the reserved roadway (12), and the construction of the temporary support is carried out in advance of the stope face (11);
the temporary support method in the fourth step is that a plurality of support assemblies are arranged in the reserved roadway (12), the support assemblies are arranged at equal intervals along the trend of the reserved roadway (12), and the distance between two adjacent support assemblies is 0.8m-1m;
the supporting assembly comprises a steel beam (3) contacted with the roadway top plate (2), a wood pad (5) contacted with the roadway bottom plate (6) and a plurality of hydraulic supports (4) positioned between the steel beam (3) and the wood pad (5), wherein the steel beam (3) and the wood pad (5) are vertically arranged along the direction of the reserved roadway (12), and the distance between every two adjacent hydraulic supports (4) is 60cm-70cm;
pouring a concrete brick wall (7) on one side of the reserved roadway (12) close to the goaf (1), wherein the top surface of the concrete brick wall (7) is in contact with the roadway top plate (2);
step six, gradually removing the anchor rod rope of the rear roadway roof (2) by combined anchoring along with the pushing of the stoping working face (11);
and seventhly, along with the pushing of the stope working face (11), a goaf top plate (13) collapses, a gob-side roadway is formed behind the temporary support, the temporary support is removed after the gob-side roadway is stabilized, and concrete is sprayed on the roadway top plate (2).
2. The soft-top coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure relief gob-side entry method of claim 1, characterized by: the calculation formula of the length of the anchor cable (9) in the first step is as follows,
L ms ＞4H C
L ms length of anchor cable H c Is high in harvest.
3. The soft-top coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure relief gob-side entry method of claim 1, characterized by: the calculation formula of the depth of the kerf hole (10) in the first step is as follows,
H f to the depth of the kerf hole, H c To adopt height, deltaH 1 To the roof sinking amount, deltaH 2 The bottom bulge quantity is K, and the crushing expansion coefficient is K.
4. The soft-top coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure relief gob-side entry method of claim 1, characterized by: the anchor rod and cable combined anchoring method in the second step is that a plurality of groups of anchor rod and cable assemblies are anchored on the roadway top plate (2), the anchor rod and cable assemblies are arranged at equal intervals along the trend of the reserved roadway (12), and the interval between every two adjacent groups of anchor rod and cable assemblies is 1m-1.5m.
5. The soft-top coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure relief gob-side entry method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the anchor rod rope assembly comprises anchor ropes (9) and anchor rods (8) which are arranged at intervals, the distance between each adjacent anchor rope (9) and each anchor rod (8) is 40cm-60cm, and the anchor ropes (9) are obliquely arranged towards one side far away from the goaf (1).
6. The soft-top coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure relief gob-side entry method of claim 1, characterized by: in the third step, a plurality of lancing holes (10) form pre-lancing, the lancing holes (10) are all obliquely arranged towards the goaf (1), an included angle between the axis of the lancing holes (10) and the horizontal plane is 60-70 degrees, the distance between two adjacent lancing holes (10) is 35cm-45cm, and the diameter of the lancing holes (10) is 4cm-5.5cm.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111616105.6A CN114263482B (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Soft roof coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure-relief gob-side entry method |
| ZA2022/00770A ZA202200770B (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2022-01-17 | Method for blasting-free roof cutting and pressure relief of gob-side entry in soft roof coal seam |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111616105.6A CN114263482B (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Soft roof coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure-relief gob-side entry method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114263482A CN114263482A (en) | 2022-04-01 |
| CN114263482B true CN114263482B (en) | 2024-02-13 |
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| CN202111616105.6A Active CN114263482B (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Soft roof coal seam non-blasting roof-cutting pressure-relief gob-side entry method |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
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| ZA (1) | ZA202200770B (en) |
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| ZA202200770B (en) | 2022-03-30 |
| CN114263482A (en) | 2022-04-01 |
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