CN114262830A - Powder for laser 3D printing of light high-strength magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Powder for laser 3D printing of light high-strength magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007648 laser printing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to powder for laser 3D printing of a light high-strength magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises 94-96% by mass of Mg element, 3-5% by mass of Zn element, 0.2-1% by mass of Zr element and less than or equal to 0.1% by mass of impurity elements. The method for preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using the powder comprises the following steps: processing the substrate; polishing the surface of the substrate; sand blasting; cleaning and drying; spreading powder; scanning and irradiating a first laser beam; the second laser beam is rescanned and irradiated according to the first laser beam path; the height of the base plate is reduced, and the powder is repeatedly paved and the laser beam scanning irradiation is repeated to prepare the light high-strength magnesium alloy block. The powder and the method can be used for preparing the light high-strength Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy block, and have the characteristics of high flexibility degree in the manufacturing process, short production period of products, high resource utilization rate, capability of producing parts with complex structures and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser 3D printing, and relates to powder for laser 3D printing of light high-strength magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The magnesium alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength and specific stiffness, excellent heat conductivity, damping performance, electromagnetic shielding performance and the like, and obtains more and more attention in the direction of light weight and weight reduction. However, the crystal structure of the magnesium alloy is a close-packed hexagonal structure, so that the application of the magnesium alloy is limited due to poor room-temperature forming and low absolute strength. In addition, the orientation of the magnesium alloy in the plastic deformation and recrystallization processes enables the magnesium alloy plate to show mechanical property anisotropy and strong base surface texture characteristics, and further limits the secondary processing of the magnesium alloy plate. Therefore, in order to take advantage of the magnesium alloy in the field of weight reduction, the synergistic improvement of mechanical properties and formability must be considered for the preparation of the magnesium alloy.
In recent years, the laser 3D printing technology has become a research hotspot in the material field to produce large metal parts with complex structures. The laser 3D printing technology is a technology for manufacturing solid parts by adopting a method of gradually accumulating materials, and is a manufacturing method from bottom to top compared with the traditional material removing-cutting processing technology. Compared with the traditional manufacturing technologies such as forging and pressing, machining, forging and welding, the laser 3D printing technology does not need large-scale forging and casting industrial equipment and related matched infrastructure, and is small in subsequent machining allowance, high in material utilization rate, short in manufacturing period and low in cost. The laser 3D printing technology has high flexibility, so that the structural design of the component is not restricted by the manufacturing technology, the manufacturing limitation of complex components such as magnesium alloy variable cross-sections and precise thin-walled components is powerfully solved, and the defects of poor room-temperature forming, low processing efficiency and the like of the magnesium alloy are overcome. In addition, the laser 3D printing process has the advantages of high fusing speed, fine structure of the forming material, uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase and the like. According to the laser 3D printing special technology, the Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy powder is selected, the forming mechanism of the laser 3D printing Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy block is disclosed, so that the novel light high-strength material laser 3D printing special technology is obtained, and the laser 3D printing special technology has important significance for improving the performance of the Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy and expanding the application field of the Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy. The laser 3D printing Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy block has the advantages of light weight, high strength, near net shape and the like, and can be widely applied to the light weight and weight reduction fields of automobiles, aerospace, national defense industry and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Object of the Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides powder for laser 3D printing of light high-strength magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein a laser 3D technology is adopted, Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy powder is selected to prepare a high-precision and high-performance formed Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy block, and the defects of poor room-temperature forming, low processing efficiency, low absolute strength and the like of the magnesium alloy are overcome, so that the manufacturing of complex components such as variable cross sections, internal complex runners, precise thin-walled parts and the like of the magnesium alloy is realized, and an effective way is provided for preparing novel laser 3D printing Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy components with higher mechanical properties and high environmental resistance.
Technical scheme
The powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises, by mass, 94-96% of Mg, 3-5% of Zn, 0.2-1% of Zr and less than or equal to 0.1% of impurity elements. Further, the granularity of powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is 30-80 μm. Further, the oxygen content of the powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is less than or equal to 100 ppm. Furthermore, the humidity of the powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is less than or equal to 0.2%.
A method for preparing a light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, processing a magnesium alloy plate into a substrate with the thickness of more than or equal to 2cm for use;
polishing the surface of the substrate to remove an oxide layer and expose the metallic luster;
thirdly, sandblasting the surface of the substrate until the roughness is 7-10 mu m;
cleaning the substrate by using analytically pure alcohol or acetone solution through ultrasonic waves, and then drying for later use;
laying a layer of powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy on the upper surface of the substrate, wherein the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises 94-96% by mass of Mg, 3-5% by mass of Zn, 0.2-1% by mass of Zr and less than or equal to 0.1% by mass of impurity elements;
sixthly, scanning and irradiating powder used for 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy by using a first laser beam;
step seven, rescanning and irradiating according to the first laser beam path by using a second laser beam to finish a layer of cladding layer;
and step eight, controlling the substrate to descend the height of the single-layer cladding layer, repeating the step five, the step six, the step seven and the descending of the substrate height on the upper surface of the cladding layer until the actual required thickness is printed, and then stopping, thus preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block.
Furthermore, the magnesium alloy plate is processed into a substrate alloy with the components of 4-6% of Zn element by mass, 0.5-1% of Zr element by mass, less than or equal to 0.1% of impurity element by mass and the balance of Mg.
Furthermore, the output power of the first laser beam is 55-65W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 300-750mm/s, and the scanning overlap ratio of the laser beam is 40%.
Further, after the scanning and irradiation of the first laser beam are finished for 5 seconds, scanning and irradiation of a second laser beam are started, after the scanning and irradiation of the second laser beam are finished for 10 seconds, a next layer of powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is laid, the pressure of a processing chamber in the laser 3D printing process is 0.4-0.5MPa, and the laser 3D printing process is carried out in an Ar protective atmosphere processing chamber with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999%.
Further, before the step five, the substrate is preheated to 80 +/-3 ℃ by laser irradiation, and then the temperature of the substrate is kept at 80 +/-20 ℃ in the scanning irradiation process of the first laser beam and the second laser beam in the step six and the step seven. Further, the laser output power of the second laser beam is 35-45W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 500-950mm/s, the laser beam scanning overlap ratio is 40%, and the thickness of the single-layer cladding layer after the second laser beam irradiation is 0.03 +/-0.005 mm.
Advantages and effects
The powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is used, and the light high-strength Mg-Zn-Zr magnesium alloy block is prepared by using a laser 3D printing technology. The preparation method has the characteristics of high flexibility degree in the manufacturing process, short production period of products, high processing speed, capability of producing parts with complex structures and the like, and effectively solves the manufacturing limitation of complex components such as magnesium alloy variable cross sections, internal complex runners, precise thin-walled parts and the like. The magnesium alloy block has the advantages of low cost, low density, high strength and the like, and has important light weight and high strength application value in the fields of automobiles, aerospace, national defense industry and the like.
The laser 3D printing is a rapid solidification process, so that the prepared block material has uniform and compact structure and good mechanical property, and the service life of the laser 3D printed magnesium alloy component is prolonged. The laser 3D printing technology can obviously reduce the addition of noble metals and reduce the production cost of the magnesium alloy.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. The scope of the invention is not limited to the following expressions.
FIG. 1 is a SEM image of powder used for laser 3D printing of a light high-strength magnesium alloy;
FIG. 2 is a top view macro morphology of a light high-strength magnesium alloy block prepared from powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the hardness of a light high-strength magnesium alloy block prepared from powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy.
Detailed Description
The powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises, by mass, 94-96% of Mg, 3-5% of Zn, 0.2-1% of Zr and less than or equal to 0.1% of impurity elements. The powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is alloying powder, each powder particle contains Mg, Zn and Zr elements, the granularity is 30-80 mu m, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 100ppm, and the humidity is less than or equal to 0.2%.
A method for preparing a light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, processing a magnesium alloy plate into a thickness of more than or equal to 2cm by adopting a numerical control linear cutting machine tool to be used as a substrate; the magnesium alloy plate is processed into a substrate with the alloy components of Zn element of 4-6 mass percent, Zr element of 0.5-1 mass percent, impurity element of less than or equal to 0.1 mass percent and the balance of Mg;
step two, adopting 60 parts on the surface of the substrate#、100#、240#、320#And 500#Sequentially polishing SiC metallographic abrasive paper to remove an oxide layer and expose a metallic luster;
thirdly, sand blasting the surface of the substrate by a dry sand blasting machine until the roughness is 7-10 mu m;
fourthly, ultrasonically cleaning the substrate for 10-15min by using analytically pure alcohol or acetone solution, wherein the working frequency of an ultrasonic machine is 28kHz, and then drying the substrate by adopting compressed air for later use; then, preheating the substrate to 80 +/-3 ℃ by adopting laser irradiation;
laying a layer of powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy on the upper surface of the substrate in a scraper powder laying mode, wherein the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises Mg, Zn, Zr and impurity elements, the mass fraction of the Mg element is 94-96%, the mass fraction of the Zn element is 3-5%, the mass fraction of the Zr element is 0.2-1%, and the mass fraction of the impurity elements is less than or equal to 0.1%;
and sixthly, performing laser 3D printing by adopting a double-laser-beam laser processing system, wherein the pressure of a processing chamber in the laser 3D printing process is 0.4-0.5MPa, and the laser 3D printing process is performed in an Ar protective atmosphere processing chamber with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999%. Scanning and irradiating powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy by using a first laser beam, and melting the powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy; the output power of the first laser beam is 55-65W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 300-750mm/s, the scanning overlap ratio of the laser beam is 40%, and the temperature of the substrate is kept at 80 +/-20 ℃ in the scanning irradiation process of the first laser beam;
step seven, starting scanning and irradiating a second laser beam 5 seconds after the scanning and irradiating of the first laser beam are finished, wherein the laser output power of the second laser beam is 35-45W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 500-950mm/s, the scanning and overlapping rate of the laser beam is 40%, the thickness of a single-layer cladding layer after the irradiation of the second laser beam is 0.03 +/-0.005 mm, the second laser beam is used for scanning and irradiating again according to the path of the first laser beam to control the solidification rate of the melt, reduce the formation of defects such as air holes, cracks and the like, and finish a cladding layer, and the temperature of the substrate is kept at 80 +/-20 ℃ in the scanning and irradiating process of the second laser beam; the irradiation path of the second laser beam can be vertical to the irradiation path of the first laser beam so as to control the solidification rate of the melt, relieve stress and reduce the formation of defects such as air holes, cracks and the like;
and step eight, controlling the substrate to descend by the height of the single-layer cladding layer, repeating the step five, the step six, the step seven and the descending of the substrate height on the upper surface of the cladding layer after the scanning of the second laser beam is finished for 10 seconds, and stopping until the actually required thickness is printed, thereby preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
The powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises 94 mass percent of Mg, 5 mass percent of Zn, 0.9 mass percent of Zr and 0.1 mass percent of impurity elements. The powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is alloying powder, each powder particle contains Mg, Zn and Zr elements, the granularity is 30-80 mu m, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 100ppm, and the humidity is less than or equal to 0.2%.
A method for preparing a light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, processing a magnesium alloy plate into a magnesium alloy plate with the thickness of 2cm by adopting a numerical control linear cutting machine tool to be used as a substrate; the magnesium alloy plate is processed into a substrate with the alloy components of Zn element of 4 mass percent, Zr element of 1 mass percent, impurity element of 0.1 mass percent and the balance of Mg;
step two, adopting 60 parts on the surface of the substrate#、100#、240#、320#And 500#Sequentially polishing SiC metallographic abrasive paper to remove an oxide layer and expose a metallic luster;
thirdly, sand blasting the surface of the substrate by using a dry sand blasting machine until the roughness is 7 microns;
fourthly, ultrasonically cleaning the substrate for 10min by using analytically pure alcohol or acetone solution, wherein the working frequency of an ultrasonic machine is 28kHz, and then drying the substrate by adopting compressed air for later use; then, preheating the substrate to 77 ℃ by adopting laser irradiation;
laying a layer of powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy on the upper surface of the substrate in a scraper powder laying mode, wherein the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises Mg, Zn, Zr and impurity elements, the mass fraction of the Mg element is 94%, the mass fraction of the Zn element is 5%, the mass fraction of the Zr element is 0.9%, and the mass fraction of the impurity elements is 0.1%;
and sixthly, performing laser 3D printing by adopting a double-laser-beam laser processing system, wherein the pressure of a processing chamber in the laser 3D printing process is 0.4MPa, and the laser 3D printing process is performed in an Ar protective atmosphere processing chamber with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999%. Scanning and irradiating powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy by using a first laser beam, and melting the powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy; the output power of the first laser beam is 65W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 300mm/s, the scanning lap ratio of the laser beam is 40%, and the temperature of the substrate is kept at 60 ℃ in the first laser beam scanning irradiation process;
step seven, after the scanning irradiation of the first laser beam is finished for 5 seconds, starting the scanning irradiation of a second laser beam, wherein the laser output power of the second laser beam is 45W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 500mm/s, the scanning lap joint rate of the laser beam is 40%, the thickness of the single-layer cladding layer after the irradiation of the second laser beam is 0.025mm, the second laser beam is used for scanning irradiation again according to the path of the first laser beam to control the solidification rate of the melt, reduce the formation of defects such as air holes and cracks and finish the cladding layer, and the temperature of the substrate is kept at 60 ℃ in the scanning irradiation process of the second laser beam; the irradiation path of the second laser beam can be vertical to the irradiation path of the first laser beam so as to control the solidification rate of the melt, relieve stress and reduce the formation of defects such as air holes, cracks and the like;
and step eight, controlling the substrate to descend by the height of the single-layer cladding layer, repeating the step five, the step six, the step seven and the descending of the substrate height on the upper surface of the cladding layer after the scanning of the second laser beam is finished for 10 seconds, and stopping until the actually required thickness is printed, thereby preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block.
Example 2
The powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises 95 mass percent of Mg, 3.95 mass percent of Zn, 1 mass percent of Zr and 0.05 mass percent of impurity elements. The powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is alloying powder, each powder particle contains Mg, Zn and Zr elements, the granularity is 30-80 mu m, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 100ppm, and the humidity is less than or equal to 0.2%.
A method for preparing a light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, processing a magnesium alloy plate into a thickness of 3cm by adopting a numerical control linear cutting machine tool to be used as a substrate; the magnesium alloy plate is processed into a substrate with the alloy components of Zn element of 4.5 percent by mass, Zr element of 0.8 percent by mass, impurity element of 0.08 percent by mass and the balance of Mg;
step two, adopting 60 parts on the surface of the substrate#、100#、240#、320#And 500#Sequentially polishing SiC metallographic abrasive paper to remove an oxide layer and expose a metallic luster;
thirdly, sand blasting the surface of the substrate by using a dry sand blasting machine until the roughness is 8 microns;
cleaning the substrate for 11min by using analytically pure alcohol or acetone solution with the working frequency of an ultrasonic machine of 28kHz, and then drying the substrate by using compressed air for later use; then, preheating the substrate to 79 ℃ by adopting laser irradiation;
laying a layer of powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy on the upper surface of the substrate in a scraper powder laying mode, wherein the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises Mg, Zn, Zr and impurity elements, the mass fraction of the Mg element is 95%, the mass fraction of the Zn element is 3.95%, the mass fraction of the Zr element is 1%, and the mass fraction of the impurity elements is 0.05%;
and sixthly, performing laser 3D printing by adopting a double-laser-beam laser processing system, wherein the pressure of a processing chamber in the laser 3D printing process is 0.45MPa, and the laser 3D printing process is performed in an Ar protective atmosphere processing chamber with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999 percent. Scanning and irradiating powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy by using a first laser beam, and melting the powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy; the output power of the first laser beam is 62W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 450mm/s, the scanning overlap ratio of the laser beam is 40%, and the temperature of the substrate is kept at 70 ℃ in the scanning irradiation process of the first laser beam;
step seven, after the scanning irradiation of the first laser beam is finished for 5 seconds, starting the scanning irradiation of a second laser beam, wherein the laser output power of the second laser beam is 42W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 650mm/s, the scanning lap joint rate of the laser beam is 40%, the thickness of the single-layer cladding layer after the irradiation of the second laser beam is 0.03mm, using the second laser beam to perform scanning irradiation again according to the path of the first laser beam so as to control the solidification rate of the melt, reduce the formation of defects such as air holes, cracks and the like, and finish the single-layer cladding layer, and keeping the temperature of the substrate at 70 ℃ in the scanning irradiation process of the second laser beam; the irradiation path of the second laser beam can be vertical to the irradiation path of the first laser beam so as to control the solidification rate of the melt, relieve stress and reduce the formation of defects such as air holes, cracks and the like;
and step eight, controlling the substrate to descend by the height of the single-layer cladding layer, repeating the step five, the step six, the step seven and the descending of the substrate height on the upper surface of the cladding layer after the scanning of the second laser beam is finished for 10 seconds, and stopping until the actually required thickness is printed, thereby preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block.
Example 3
The powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises 96% by mass of Mg, 3.78% by mass of Zn, 0.2% by mass of Zr and 0.02% by mass of impurity elements. The powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is alloying powder, each powder particle contains Mg, Zn and Zr elements, the granularity is 30-80 mu m, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 100ppm, and the humidity is less than or equal to 0.2%.
A method for preparing a light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, processing a magnesium alloy plate into a thickness of 4cm by adopting a numerical control linear cutting machine tool to be used as a substrate; the magnesium alloy plate is processed into a substrate with the alloy components of 5 mass percent of Zn element, 0.6 mass percent of Zr element, 0.09 mass percent of impurity element and the balance of Mg;
step two, adopting 60 parts on the surface of the substrate#、100#、240#、320#And 500#Sequentially polishing SiC metallographic abrasive paper to remove an oxide layer and expose a metallic luster;
thirdly, sand blasting the surface of the substrate by using a dry sand blasting machine until the roughness is 9 microns;
fourthly, ultrasonically cleaning the substrate for 13min by using analytically pure alcohol or acetone solution, wherein the working frequency of an ultrasonic machine is 28kHz, and then drying the substrate for later use by adopting compressed air; then, preheating the substrate to 80 ℃ by adopting laser irradiation;
laying a layer of powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy on the upper surface of the substrate in a scraper powder laying mode, wherein the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises Mg, Zn, Zr and impurity elements, the mass fraction of the Mg element is 96%, the mass fraction of the Zn element is 3.78%, the mass fraction of the Zr element is 0.2%, and the mass fraction of the impurity elements is 0.02%;
and sixthly, performing laser 3D printing by adopting a double-laser-beam laser processing system, wherein the pressure of a processing chamber in the laser 3D printing process is 0.45MPa, and the laser 3D printing process is performed in an Ar protective atmosphere processing chamber with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999 percent. Scanning and irradiating powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy by using a first laser beam, and melting the powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy; the output power of the first laser beam is 58W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 600mm/s, the scanning lap ratio of the laser beam is 40%, and the temperature of the substrate is kept at 80 ℃ in the scanning irradiation process of the first laser beam;
step seven, after the scanning irradiation of the first laser beam is finished for 5 seconds, starting the scanning irradiation of a second laser beam, wherein the laser output power of the second laser beam is 38W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 800mm/s, the scanning lap joint rate of the laser beam is 40%, the thickness of the single-layer cladding layer after the irradiation of the second laser beam is 0.032mm, the second laser beam is used for scanning irradiation again according to the path of the first laser beam to control the solidification rate of the melt, reduce the formation of defects such as air holes and cracks and finish a layer of cladding layer, and the temperature of the substrate is kept at 80 ℃ in the scanning irradiation process of the second laser beam; the irradiation path of the second laser beam can be vertical to the irradiation path of the first laser beam so as to control the solidification rate of the melt, relieve stress and reduce the formation of defects such as air holes, cracks and the like;
and step eight, controlling the substrate to descend by the height of the single-layer cladding layer, repeating the step five, the step six, the step seven and the descending of the substrate height on the upper surface of the cladding layer after the scanning of the second laser beam is finished for 10 seconds, and stopping until the actually required thickness is printed, thereby preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block.
Example 4
The powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises 96% by mass of Mg, 3% by mass of Zn, 0.92% by mass of Zr and 0.08% by mass of impurity elements. The powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is alloying powder, each powder particle contains Mg, Zn and Zr elements, the granularity is 30-80 mu m, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 100ppm, and the humidity is less than or equal to 0.2%.
A method for preparing a light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises the following steps:
step one, processing a magnesium alloy plate into a thickness of 5cm by adopting a numerical control linear cutting machine tool to be used as a substrate; the magnesium alloy plate is processed into a substrate with alloy components of 6 mass percent of Zn element, 0.5 mass percent of Zr element, 0.05 mass percent of impurity element and the balance of Mg;
step two, adopting 60 parts on the surface of the substrate#、100#、240#、320#And 500#Sequentially polishing SiC metallographic abrasive paper to remove an oxide layer and expose a metallic luster;
thirdly, sand blasting the surface of the substrate by using a dry sand blasting machine until the roughness is 10 microns;
fourthly, ultrasonically cleaning the substrate for 15min by using analytically pure alcohol or acetone solution, wherein the working frequency of an ultrasonic machine is 28kHz, and then drying the substrate for later use by adopting compressed air; then, preheating the substrate to 83 ℃ by adopting laser irradiation;
laying a layer of powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy on the upper surface of the substrate in a scraper powder laying mode, wherein the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises Mg, Zn, Zr and impurity elements, the mass fraction of the Mg element is 96%, the mass fraction of the Zn element is 3%, the mass fraction of the Zr element is 0.92%, and the mass fraction of the impurity elements is 0.08%;
and sixthly, performing laser 3D printing by adopting a double-laser-beam laser processing system, wherein the pressure of a processing chamber in the laser 3D printing process is 0.5MPa, and the laser 3D printing process is performed in an Ar protective atmosphere processing chamber with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999%. Scanning and irradiating powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy by using a first laser beam, and melting the powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy; the output power of the first laser beam is 55W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 750mm/s, the scanning lap ratio of the laser beam is 40%, and the temperature of the substrate is kept at 100 ℃ in the first laser beam scanning irradiation process;
step seven, after the scanning irradiation of the first laser beam is finished for 5 seconds, starting the scanning irradiation of a second laser beam, wherein the laser output power of the second laser beam is 35W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 950mm/s, the scanning lap joint rate of the laser beam is 40%, the thickness of the single-layer cladding layer after the irradiation of the second laser beam is 0.035mm, the second laser beam is used for scanning irradiation again according to the path of the first laser beam to control the solidification rate of the melt, reduce the formation of defects such as air holes and cracks and finish the cladding layer, and the temperature of the substrate is kept at 100 ℃ in the scanning irradiation process of the second laser beam; the irradiation path of the second laser beam can be vertical to the irradiation path of the first laser beam so as to control the solidification rate of the melt, relieve stress and reduce the formation of defects such as air holes, cracks and the like;
and step eight, controlling the substrate to descend by the height of the single-layer cladding layer, repeating the step five, the step six, the step seven and the descending of the substrate height on the upper surface of the cladding layer after the scanning of the second laser beam is finished for 10 seconds, and stopping until the actually required thickness is printed, thereby preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block.
And (3) detection results:
the hardness of the light high-strength magnesium alloy blocks prepared by the laser 3D printing in the embodiments 1, 2, 3 and 4 is detected, and the specific detection process parameters are as follows: normal load 2N, load time 15s, and average 7 test results per sample.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of powder used for laser 3D printing of a light high-strength magnesium alloy. The powder has good sphericity, no satellite and uniform granularity.
FIG. 2 shows the macroscopic morphology of a laser 3D printed light high-strength magnesium alloy block. The laser 3D printing magnesium alloy block has the advantages of smooth surface, high forming precision, no crack defect, no warping deformation and firm bonding with the substrate.
Fig. 3 is hardness distribution of the laser 3D printed light high-strength magnesium alloy block. The light and high strength magnesium alloy blocks of example 1, example 2, example 3 and example 4, respectively, from left to right, correspond to the first laser beam scanning speeds of 300mm/s, 450mm/s, 600mm/s and 750mm/s, respectively, and have hardnesses of 73HV, 76HV, 83HV and 85HV, respectively, indicating that the hardness gradually increases as the scanning speed increases.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments cannot be exhaustive, and obvious changes and modifications included in the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a used powder of laser 3D printing light high strength magnesium alloy which characterized in that: the powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises 94-96% by mass of Mg, 3-5% by mass of Zn, 0.2-1% by mass of Zr and less than or equal to 0.1% by mass of impurity elements.
2. The powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the granularity of the powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is 30-80 mu m.
3. The powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the oxygen content of the powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is less than or equal to 100 ppm.
4. The powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that: the humidity of the powder used for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy is less than or equal to 0.2%.
5. A method for preparing a light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using the powder for laser 3D printing of light high-strength magnesium alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that:
step one, processing a magnesium alloy plate into a substrate with the thickness of more than or equal to 2cm for use;
polishing the surface of the substrate to remove an oxide layer and expose the metallic luster;
thirdly, sandblasting the surface of the substrate until the roughness is 7-10 mu m;
cleaning the substrate by using analytically pure alcohol or acetone solution through ultrasonic waves, and then drying for later use;
laying a layer of powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy on the upper surface of the substrate, wherein the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy comprises 94-96% by mass of Mg, 3-5% by mass of Zn, 0.2-1% by mass of Zr and less than or equal to 0.1% by mass of impurity elements;
sixthly, scanning and irradiating powder used for 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy by using a first laser beam;
step seven, rescanning and irradiating according to the first laser beam path by using a second laser beam to finish a layer of cladding layer;
and step eight, controlling the substrate to descend the height of the single-layer cladding layer, repeating the step five, the step six, the step seven and the descending of the substrate height on the upper surface of the cladding layer until the actual required thickness is printed, and then stopping, thus preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block.
6. The method for preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the magnesium alloy plate is processed into a substrate with the alloy components of 4-6% of Zn element by mass, 0.5-1% of Zr element by mass, less than or equal to 0.1% of impurity element by mass and the balance of Mg.
7. The method for preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the output power of the first laser beam is 55-65W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 300-750mm/s, and the scanning overlap ratio of the laser beam is 40%.
8. The method for preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and starting scanning and irradiating a second laser beam 5 seconds after scanning and irradiating the first laser beam, and starting laying the next layer of powder for 3D laser printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy 10 seconds after scanning and irradiating the second laser beam, wherein the pressure of a processing chamber in the 3D laser printing process is 0.4-0.5MPa, and the 3D laser printing process is carried out in an Ar protective atmosphere processing chamber with the purity of more than or equal to 99.999%.
9. The method for preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and before the fifth step, preheating the substrate to 80 +/-3 ℃ by adopting laser irradiation, and keeping the temperature of the substrate to be 80 +/-20 ℃ in the scanning irradiation process of the first laser beam and the second laser beam in the sixth step and the seventh step.
10. The method for preparing the light high-strength magnesium alloy block by using the powder for laser 3D printing of the light high-strength magnesium alloy according to claim 5 or 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the laser output power of the second laser beam is 35-45W, the diameter of a light spot is 0.07mm, the scanning speed is 500-950mm/s, the scanning overlap ratio of the laser beam is 40%, and the thickness of the single-layer cladding layer after the second laser beam is irradiated is 0.03 +/-0.005 mm.
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