CN114261110A - Method for preparing thermoplastic non-woven fabric interlayer toughening RTM composite material by adopting fused deposition method - Google Patents
Method for preparing thermoplastic non-woven fabric interlayer toughening RTM composite material by adopting fused deposition method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-diol;bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JUPQTSLXMOCDHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009745 resin transfer moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a thermoplastic non-woven fabric interlayer toughening RTM composite material by adopting a fused deposition method, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a thermoplastic non-woven fabric interlayer toughening RTM composite material by adopting a fused deposition method. The invention aims to solve the problem of limited improvement of the toughness of the RTM process. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a melting deposition wire by using a wire rod by using industrial FDM equipment; printing in four directions on the same plane in a continuous mode according to the design to form toughened cloth; paving the toughening cloth on one side surface of the prepreg to obtain a single-layer prepreg composite material; and then, stacking a plurality of layers of single-layer prepreg composites in a mould according to the size of the mould, filling resin into the mould, and then curing to obtain the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite. The invention is used for interlayer toughening RTM composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a method for preparing a thermoplastic non-woven fabric interlayer toughening RTM composite material by adopting a fused deposition method.
Background
RTM is resin transfer molding for short, and is a commonly used preparation process for fiber reinforced composite materials. The method has the advantages of low cost, good performance and quality, capability of manufacturing large-size parts and the like, and is widely applied to aerospace, ships, wind power blades and civil components. However, because the viscosity of resin is required to be high in RTM, the resin is required to have a sufficiently low viscosity (often less than 100CP), and there is a conflict between the resin viscosity and the toughening. At present, a certain amount of toughening resin such as inorganic nano powder, thermoplastic particles and rubber particles is required to be added for toughening commonly used, or thermoplastic materials are dissolved in the resin, and the two methods can obviously improve the viscosity of the resin, so that the forming quality of RTM is not facilitated, and obvious problems such as white spots, rubber shortage and the like can be caused. Therefore, many technicians at home and abroad invent various toughening methods, mainly interlayer toughening. Such as: the Yixiaosu invention has dislocation toughening, and adopts non-woven fabric or film sandwiched between two layers of fiber cloth, and the toughening layer may be formed between the two layers after the RTM resin is cured. The method is similar to realize the increased toughening of the RTM process abroad. These processes mainly use nonwoven fabrics produced by processes such as electrospinning and melt-blowing, or thermoplastic films formed by drawing. The interlayer thermoplastic toughening layer manufactured by the processes can improve the toughness of the composite material to a certain degree. The defects are that the non-woven fabric is not uniform enough in thickness, high in strength in the length direction of the woven fabric, low in transverse strength and the like in the processes of electrostatic spinning, melt-blowing and the like, so that the non-uniformity of the composite material toughening layer is easily caused. The thin film is adopted for toughening, and due to the fact that the permeability of the thin film is poor, holes need to be prefabricated to allow resin to permeate through, but the problem of local glue shortage can be easily caused. Therefore, the invention of the toughening functional material capable of effectively improving the manufacturability and the composite material performance of the RTM has practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of limited improvement of the toughness of an RTM process, and provides a method for preparing a thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite material by adopting a fused deposition method.
A method for preparing thermoplastic non-woven fabric interlayer toughening RTM composite material by adopting a fused deposition method comprises the following steps:
preparing a melting deposition wire by using a wire rod by using industrial FDM equipment; printing in four directions on the same plane in a continuous mode according to the design to form toughened cloth; paving the toughening cloth on one side surface of the prepreg to obtain a single-layer prepreg composite material; and then, stacking a plurality of layers of single-layer prepreg composites in a mould according to the size of the mould, filling resin into the mould, and then curing to obtain the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the toughening mesh cloth can be well combined with resin, even the mesh cloth can be partially dissolved in the resin, and an interpenetrating network toughening resin form is formed after curing, so that the toughness of the resin is greatly improved, and the toughness, especially the impact toughness of the composite material is further improved. The toughened thermoplastic mesh fabric has the characteristics of different materials, so that more excellent applicability is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a grid topography of the toughening cloth prepared in the first example.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for preparing the thermoplastic non-woven fabric interlayer toughening RTM composite material by adopting the fused deposition method comprises the following steps:
preparing a melting deposition wire by using a wire rod by using industrial FDM equipment; printing in four directions on the same plane in a continuous mode according to the design to form toughened cloth; paving the toughening cloth on one side surface of the prepreg to obtain a single-layer prepreg composite material; and then, stacking a plurality of layers of single-layer prepreg composites in a mould according to the size of the mould, filling resin into the mould, and then curing to obtain the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite.
The embodiment prints out the fiber cloth of the thermoplastic material with a fixed pattern by utilizing the thermoplastic resin fused deposition equipment, wherein the thermoplastic material has good bonding and compatibility with RTM resin. And printing the toughening body into a designed thin layer structure by using fused deposition equipment. The printing pattern is a designed pattern, the design principle is that the rapid printing is facilitated, the distribution of the in-plane isotropic toughening material can be met, the porosity is high, and the prepreg resin is allowed to completely permeate the toughening layer.
The embodiment determines that the weakest part is the interlayer part of the continuous fiber composite material laying layer according to the composite material toughening mechanism, and because the weakest part is not vertical to the out-of-plane reinforcement, cracks are easy to expand between the layers when the continuous fiber composite material laying layer is subjected to interlayer shearing and out-of-plane acting force. In order to prevent the interlayer crack from expanding, the toughening body with a tiny structure is arranged in the interlayer resin layer and forms an isotropic distribution.
The toughening cloth obtained by printing in the embodiment is a mesh cloth structure of a thermoplastic material with the thickness of less than 40 microns, after the printed mesh cloth is rolled, when a prepreg is manufactured by a hot melting method, the mesh cloth is laid on the surface of RTM fiber cloth, then an RTM composite material embryo is made and placed in an RTM mould, and when resin is poured into the mould, the resin passes through the composite material and the toughening layer to realize complete infiltration and solidification.
The thermoplastic mesh cloth of fused deposition can be printed on the silica gel plate with certain viscosity, and the mesh cloth printed by the silica gel plate is adsorbed on the silica gel plate by means of the viscosity of the silica gel plate during printing, so that the printed toughening cloth is conveniently and integrally stripped. Continuous toughening cloth can be prepared by continuous printing and then rolled. When the RTM composite layer is prepared, the continuous toughening cloth can be directly attached to the fiber cloth through the bonding Pad of the fiber cloth, or the toughening mesh cloth and the carbon fiber cloth are connected into an integral body through sewing, so that the toughening part is not dispersed due to the flowing effect of resin when resin of RTM is infused.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference between the present embodiment and the specific embodiment is: the process parameters of the FDM equipment are as follows: the printing size is less than or equal to 500 multiplied by 500mm, the flow rate of the nozzle is not less than 45ml/h, the number of the spray heads is not less than 10, and the extrusion diameter of the spray heads is not more than 0.05 mm. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment differs from the first or second embodiment in that: the printing pitch of the printing is 0.8 mm. The others are the same as in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment mode and one of the first to third embodiment modes is: the wire is one or a mixture of more of PEK-c, PES-c, PEEK, nylon 1010 and TPU; the prepreg is RTM fiber cloth. The rest is the same as one of the first to third embodiments.
The material for the wire rod of the present embodiment is generally a thermoplastic material that is compatible with or soluble in the resin matrix of the prepreg. When the prepreg is processed, the toughening mesh cloth can be well combined with resin, even the mesh cloth can be partially dissolved in the resin, and an interpenetrating network toughening resin form is formed after curing, so that the toughness of the resin is greatly improved, and the toughness, especially the impact toughness of the composite material is further improved.
According to the using requirements of the prepreg, the thermoplastic mesh cloth can be prepared by using toughening materials of different types, and the toughening mesh cloth can be prepared by using more than 2 thermoplastic raw materials. Or the materials with various specifications are mixed and printed into a grid shape, and the materials with different specifications are used for interval printing in the same direction. The toughened thermoplastic mesh fabric has the characteristics of different materials, so that the better applicability is realized.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is: the printing path has four modes: the fiber direction is 45 degrees with the fiber, 45 degrees with the fiber and vertical to the fiber direction; the direction is vertical to the fiber direction, forms a 45-degree direction with the fiber, forms a-45-degree direction with the fiber and the fiber direction; the fiber direction is minus 45 degrees with the fiber, 45 degrees with the fiber and vertical to the fiber direction; perpendicular to the fiber direction, at an angle of-45 degrees with the fiber, at an angle of 45 degrees with the fiber, and in the fiber direction. The rest is the same as one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is: the distance between two adjacent fibers in the same direction is not less than 0.2mm and not more than 2mm, and the distance between the adjacent fibers in each direction is the same. The rest is the same as one of the first to fifth embodiments.
The seventh embodiment: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to sixth embodiments is: the number of crossing fibers at the four direction crossing points is not more than 3. The rest is the same as one of the first to sixth embodiments.
The embodiment can ensure the permeability of resin, the fiber space in each direction is kept consistent, 4 fibers in 4 directions are prevented from being simultaneously stacked at one point at the intersection of a plurality of fibers to cause thick stacking and adverse effect on fiber prepreg layers, for example, a protruding structure is formed possibly due to the fact that thermoplastic toughening material fibers are stacked too much at a certain point, and the structure can deform the reinforcing fibers at the stacking point due to obvious protrusion to influence the overall performance of the composite material.
The specific implementation mode is eight: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to seventh embodiments in that: the thickness of the toughening cloth is not more than 40 mu m. The rest is the same as one of the first to seventh embodiments.
The embodiment can realize excellent toughening effect, and has small influence on other mechanical properties of the composite material.
The specific implementation method nine: the present embodiment differs from the first to eighth embodiments in that: the thickness of the RTM fiber cloth is not more than 60 mu m. The rest is the same as the first to eighth embodiments.
The embodiment can realize excellent toughening effect, and has small influence on other mechanical properties of the composite material.
The detailed implementation mode is ten: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to ninth embodiments in that: the curing is carried out by hot-pressing roller treatment at 70 ℃. The rest is the same as one of the first to ninth embodiments.
The concrete implementation mode eleven: the present embodiment differs from one of the first to tenth embodiments in that: the curing is to cure at 90 ℃ for 45h, and to cure at 130 ℃ for 2h, then to naturally cool and demould at room temperature. The rest is the same as one of the first to tenth embodiments.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
the first embodiment is as follows: industrial grade FDM equipment is selected, the printable size is smaller than 500mm multiplied by 500mm, the nozzle flow is not smaller than 45ml/h, the number of spray heads is not smaller than 10, the extrusion diameter of the spray heads is not larger than 0.05mm, the modified nylon 1010 is used as a melting deposition wire prepared from raw materials, the printing interval is set to be 0.8mm, the unit area gram weight of printing screen cloth is 20g, and the thickness is about 18 microns. Printing the nylon toughening cloth with the thickness of 300mm multiplied by 300mm according to a design drawing. The printed toughening cloth is paved on one side surface of 300 g/square meter T700 warp knitting carbon fiber unidirectional cloth by using an adhesive pad, 8 layers of composite carbon fiber cloth are placed in an RTM flat plate mold with the size of a cavity of 300mm multiplied by 2.1mm, epoxy resin is poured at 40 ℃, after the resin is fully poured, the composite carbon fiber cloth is cured for 45 hours at 90 ℃, and after the resin is cured for 2 hours at 130 ℃, the composite carbon fiber cloth is naturally cooled to room temperature for demolding. Forming the toughened carbon fiber unidirectional RTM composite board.
The results for the toughened prepregs prepared according to the example method and the prepregs not prepared according to this method are shown in the table below. The comparison result shows that the compression strength after impact reflecting the toughness of the carbon fiber composite material is obviously improved, the compression strength is improved from 221MPa of the non-toughened mesh cloth to 287MPa by 30 percent, other properties are not obviously reduced, and even the bending strength is improved. The method is proved to be capable of effectively improving the toughness of the carbon fiber composite material.
The comparative results are as follows:
Claims (10)
1. a method for preparing thermoplastic non-woven fabric interlayer toughening RTM composite material by adopting a fused deposition method is characterized in that the method for preparing the thermoplastic non-woven fabric interlayer toughening RTM composite material by adopting the fused deposition method is specifically carried out according to the following steps:
preparing a melting deposition wire by using a wire rod by using industrial FDM equipment; printing in four directions on the same plane in a continuous mode according to the design to form toughened cloth; paving the toughening cloth on one side surface of the prepreg to obtain a single-layer prepreg composite material; and then, stacking a plurality of layers of single-layer prepreg composites in a mould according to the size of the mould, filling resin into the mould, and then curing to obtain the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite.
2. The method for preparing the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite material by the fused deposition method according to claim 1, wherein: the process parameters of the FDM equipment are as follows: the printing size is less than or equal to 500 multiplied by 500mm, the flow rate of the nozzle is not less than 45ml/h, the number of the spray heads is not less than 10, and the extrusion diameter of the spray heads is not more than 0.05 mm.
3. The method for preparing the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite material by the fused deposition method according to claim 1, wherein: the wire is one or a mixture of more of PEK-c, PES-c, PEEK, nylon 1010 and TPU; the prepreg is RTM fiber cloth.
4. The method for preparing the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite material by the fused deposition method according to claim 1, wherein: the printing path has four modes: the fiber direction is 45 degrees with the fiber, 45 degrees with the fiber and vertical to the fiber direction; the direction is vertical to the fiber direction, forms a 45-degree direction with the fiber, forms a-45-degree direction with the fiber and the fiber direction; the fiber direction is minus 45 degrees with the fiber, 45 degrees with the fiber and vertical to the fiber direction; perpendicular to the fiber direction, at an angle of-45 degrees with the fiber, at an angle of 45 degrees with the fiber, and in the fiber direction.
5. The method for preparing the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite material by the fused deposition method according to claim 4, wherein: the distance between two adjacent fibers in the same direction is not less than 0.2mm and not more than 2mm, and the distance between the adjacent fibers in each direction is the same.
6. The method for preparing the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite material by the fused deposition method according to claim 4, wherein: the number of crossing fibers at the four direction crossing points is not more than 3.
7. The method for preparing the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite material by the fused deposition method according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the toughening cloth is not more than 40 mu m.
8. The method for preparing the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite material by the fused deposition method according to claim 3, wherein: the thickness of the RTM fiber cloth is not more than 60 mu m.
9. The method for preparing the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite material by the fused deposition method according to claim 1, wherein: the curing is carried out by hot-pressing roller treatment at 70 ℃.
10. The method for preparing the thermoplastic non-woven interlayer toughening RTM composite material by the fused deposition method according to claim 1, wherein: the curing is to cure at 90 ℃ for 45h, and to cure at 130 ℃ for 2h, then to naturally cool and demould at room temperature.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101220561A (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2008-07-16 | 中国航空工业第一集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Prefabricated fabric for liquid condition shaping composite material and preparation thereof |
| CN104943200A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-30 | 东华大学 | Liquid molding method of resin-based composite material of interlayer thermoplasticity flow guide net |
| CN105437562A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2016-03-30 | 波音公司 | Printing patterns onto composite laminates |
| CN113002024A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-22 | 中复神鹰(上海)科技有限公司 | Method for toughening carbon fiber prepreg between nano-particle polymer composite nano-fiber film layers |
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2021
- 2021-12-17 CN CN202111555746.5A patent/CN114261110A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101220561A (en) * | 2008-01-04 | 2008-07-16 | 中国航空工业第一集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | Prefabricated fabric for liquid condition shaping composite material and preparation thereof |
| CN105437562A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2016-03-30 | 波音公司 | Printing patterns onto composite laminates |
| CN104943200A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-30 | 东华大学 | Liquid molding method of resin-based composite material of interlayer thermoplasticity flow guide net |
| CN113002024A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-06-22 | 中复神鹰(上海)科技有限公司 | Method for toughening carbon fiber prepreg between nano-particle polymer composite nano-fiber film layers |
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