CN114252356B - Transient excavation unloading device and method for multi-line tunnel - Google Patents
Transient excavation unloading device and method for multi-line tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 10
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/307—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated by a compressed or tensile-stressed spring; generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/062—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with mechanical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a transient excavation unloading device and a transient excavation unloading method for a multi-line tunnel, wherein a ground stress loading device is used for applying pressure to a sample, the sample is prefabricated into a plurality of round table type holes for simulating the multi-line tunnel and respectively filling plugs with the same materials, the controllable multi-line unloading device comprises a bullet shooting device and an impact conversion device, in the unloading process, an air cavity releases high-pressure gas to push a bullet and enable the bullet to strike an impact limiting block and push the impact conversion device to integrally slide forwards, so that a punch head which is aligned with the prefabricated holes in advance strikes the plugs in the moving process, and the impact limiting block strikes a limiting support and terminates excavation after moving a certain distance. The experimental device can simulate simultaneous or interval transient excavation processes of multi-line tunnels with different spacing and space orientations, and has the characteristics of simple assembly, easy adjustment, convenient experimental observation, repeated experiments and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering excavation, in particular to a transient excavation unloading device and method for a multi-line tunnel.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy, the demand of society for underground resources is increased, and the development of deep space becomes a main factor for restricting deep engineering construction. Because the deep tunnel is large in burial depth, high-level nonlinear destructive behaviors such as large deformation, rheological deformation, partition rupture and the like of surrounding rocks are easy to occur in the excavation process, so that engineering geological disasters such as instability collapse, layer cracking, rock burst and the like of the surrounding rocks of the tunnel are frequent, and safe excavation and stable operation of the deep underground tunnel are restricted. In addition, in many practical projects, people can encounter the condition that a plurality of tunnels or chambers are excavated and constructed simultaneously or at intervals, and then the mechanism of excavating unloading between tunnels to induce surrounding rock damage is more complex.
At present, research on transient excavation unloading of multi-line tunnels at home and abroad is mainly conducted by numerical simulation and theoretical calculation. At present, many Chinese patents can be inquired about tunnel/roadway excavation experimental devices, but the main invention content of the Chinese patents is mainly aimed at single-line rock tunnels, such as an experimental device (CN 112067789A) for simulating excavation of fault tunnels, a tunnel experimental system (CN 206421733U) for penetrating karst strata and a tunnel excavation three-dimensional model experiment loading device (CN 204128887U), or double-line subway (soil) tunnels, and researches on excavation unloading of double-line rock tunnels are rarely carried out. Therefore, an excavation unloading experiment method for a double-line rock tunnel needs to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an experimental device and a method for simulating transient excavation unloading of a multi-line tunnel under the condition of high ground stress, and the experimental device can be used for realizing simultaneous or interval transient excavation unloading processes of the multi-line tunnel with different spacing and space orientation under the condition of high ground stress.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the transient excavation unloading experimental device for the multi-line tunnel comprises a sample, a ground stress loading device and a controllable porous unloading device, wherein the sample is provided with a plurality of small cone angle round table type holes, and the holes are filled with plugs with the same shape and material; the ground stress loading device loads and maintains the sample through a loading pressure head; the controllable porous unloading device comprises a controllable impact conversion device and a bullet shooting device; the controllable impact conversion device comprises a base and a movable cross plate, wherein the movable cross plate is positioned in front of a sample, a groove is formed in the movable cross plate, a punch is fixed in the groove, and the position of the punch is opposite to the position of the plug body; a linear rail is fixed at the center of the movable cross plate and is perpendicular to the plane where the movable cross plate is located; the impact limiting block is fixed at the other end of the linear track; the limiting support is fixed on the base; the limiting support is provided with a through hole, and the linear rail passes through the through hole of the limiting support; one side of the impact limiting block is provided with a speed measuring device;
the bullet shooting device comprises a bullet, wherein the bullet shooting direction is an impact limiting block, and the bullet is shot to strike the impact limiting block;
the ground stress loading device loads and maintains the periphery of the sample through four loading pressure heads respectively, and can maintain the geometric center of the sample unchanged in the loading process.
The bullet shooting device also comprises a gun barrel, the tail end of the gun barrel is positioned at the front side of the impact limiting block, the front end of the gun barrel is connected with an air storage tank through an air flow valve, and an air pressure gauge is arranged on the air storage tank.
The punch is fixed on the movable cross plate through bolts; the included angle between the two plates of the movable cross plate is adjustable, and scale marks are arranged on the movable cross plate.
The sample is formed by casting rock-like materials and similar materials or directly processing rock and comprises a plurality of round table type holes, and plugs with the same materials are respectively filled in the holes.
The limiting support can limit the integral displacement of the impact limiting block, so that the punch and the movable cross plate are prevented from being impacted to a sample or a ground stress loading device.
In the unloading process, the air cavity of the air storage tank releases high-pressure air to push the bullets and enable the bullets to strike the impact limiting block and push the controllable impact conversion device to slide forwards, so that the punches strike the plug bodies one by one (or simultaneously) in the moving process, and the impact limiting block strikes the limiting support after moving for a certain distance and terminates excavation;
the punches in the controllable impact conversion are fixed on the cross plate through bolts, the length and the geometric shape of the punches can be changed, and the number of the punches can be increased or decreased at will so as to simulate multi-line tunnel excavation.
The invention also provides a transient excavation unloading experiment method for the multi-line tunnel, which is applied to the transient excavation unloading experiment device for the multi-line tunnel and comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a sample containing a plurality of prefabricated holes, adjusting the included angle of a movable cross plate of a controllable impact conversion device and the length and position of a punch according to the design size of the sample, and installing a speed measuring device to measure the speed of an impact limiting block;
step 2, after filling the plug body into the hole, loading the sample by using a ground stress loading device to enable the sample to reach a target ground stress level and maintaining the ground stress level for 30-40min;
and 3, injecting compressed air into the air chamber of the pneumatic bullet shooting device, opening the air valve, pushing the bullet by the compressed air to strike the impact limiting block and pushing the controllable impact conversion device to integrally slide forwards, so that the punch strikes the plug body one by one (or simultaneously) in the movement process, and realizing excavation unloading.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the experimental device and the method for simulating transient excavation unloading of the multi-line tunnel under the high ground stress condition can realize simultaneous or interval transient excavation unloading processes of the multi-line tunnel with different spacing and space orientation under the high ground stress condition, and the experimental device has the characteristics of simple assembly, easy adjustment, convenient experimental observation, repeated experiments and the like, and can well complete the testing task of the excavation unloading simulation of the multi-line tunnel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an experimental device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of sample geometry in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the geometry of the plug of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a pneumatic bullet firing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a controllable shock conversion device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the punch geometry of the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a 1-sample, a 2-plug body, a 3-gas storage tank, a 4-barometer, a 5-gas flow valve, a 6-bullet, a 7-gun barrel, an 8-impact limiting block, a 9-speed measuring device, a 10-movable cross plate, an 11-punch, a 12-bolt, a 13-linear track, a 14-limiting support, a 15-base, a 16-ground stress loading device, a 17-controllable impact conversion device and an 18-bullet shooting device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the transient excavation unloading experimental device for the multi-line tunnel comprises a sample 1, a ground stress loading device 16 and a controllable multi-hole unloading device, as shown in fig. 2, wherein the sample 1 is provided with a plurality of small cone angle round table type holes, and the holes are internally filled with plugs 2 with the same shape and material, as shown in fig. 3; the ground stress loading device 16 loads and maintains the sample 1 through a loading pressure head; the controllable porous unloading device comprises a controllable impact conversion device 17 and a bullet shooting device 18; as shown in fig. 5, the controllable impact conversion device 17 comprises a base 15 and a movable cross plate 10, the movable cross plate 10 is positioned in front of the sample 1, a groove is formed in the movable cross plate 10, a punch 11 is fixed in the groove, and the position of the punch 11 is opposite to the position of the plug body 2; a linear rail 13 is fixed at the center of the movable cross plate 10, and the linear rail 13 is perpendicular to the plane where the movable cross plate 10 is positioned; the impact limiting block 8 is fixed at the other end of the linear track 13; the limiting support 14 is fixed on the base 15; the limiting support 14 is provided with a through hole, and the linear rail 13 passes through the through hole of the limiting support 14; one side of the impact limiting block 8 is provided with a speed measuring device 9.
The bullet shooting device 18 comprises a bullet 6, wherein the shooting direction of the bullet 6 is an impact limiting block 8, and the bullet 6 is shot to strike the impact limiting block 8; as shown in fig. 4, the bullet shooting device 18 further includes a gun barrel 7, the tail end of the gun barrel 7 is located at the front side of the impact limiting block 8, the front end of the gun barrel is connected with the air storage tank 3 through the air flow valve 5, and the air pressure gauge 4 is arranged on the air storage tank 3.
The ground stress loading device 16 loads and maintains the periphery of the sample 1 through four loading pressure heads.
The punch 11 is fixed on the movable cross plate 10 through bolts 12; the included angle between the two plates of the movable cross plate 10 is adjustable, and scale marks are arranged on the movable cross plate 10.
As shown in FIG. 6, the controllable impact conversion device has a changeable length and geometry of the punches, and can estimate the tunnel excavation interval according to the punch length and the speed of the impact limiting block (if the lengths of the two punches are l respectively) 1 And l 2 The speed of the impact limiting block after the impact is v, and the excavation interval of the two tunnels is about |l 1 -l 2 I/v) the number of punches can be arbitrarily increased or decreased to simulate multi-line tunnel excavation.
The device can perform the following experiments:
1: transient excavation unloading of double-line tunnel
Firstly, selecting materials according to the positions and diameters of two designed tunnels to manufacture a sample 1 and a plug body 2, polishing four sides of the sample 1 by using sand paper after the preparation is finished, ensuring the smoothness and parallelism of the four sides, plugging the plug body 2 into the sample 1, placing the sample on a ground stress loading device 16, and ensuring the internal deformation of the sample to be uniform after the ground stress loading is finished for 30 min; a controllable impact conversion device 17 is arranged, a limit support 14 is fixed on a base 15, the distance between the limit support 14 and an impact limit block 8 is controlled, a punch 11 and a movable cross plate 10 are prevented from striking a sample 1, and a speed measuring device 9 is arranged to measure the speed of the impact limit block 8; adjusting the movable cross plate 10, and then fixing the punch 11 on the movable cross plate 10 by bolts 12 according to the designed size so that the punch 11 faces the plug body 2; the bullet 6 is placed in the front end of the gun barrel 7, compressed gas is pumped into the gas storage tank 3 by an air compressor or the like, and the air pressure in the gas storage tank 3 is finely adjusted by the number indicated by the air pressure gauge 4. When the experiment is carried out, the air flow valve 5 is opened to release air in the air storage tank, so that the air flow valve pushes the bullet 6 to move and impact the impact limiting block 8, then the impact limiting block 8 can drive the punch 11 and impact the plug body 2 to finish excavation unloading, and in the experiment process, the power response and the damage evolution process of tunnel surrounding rock in the excavation process can be known more carefully by combining other sensors, high-speed photography and the like. In the experiment, the length of the punch 11 can be changed, and asynchronous excavation of the double-line tunnel can be realized by adjusting the length difference of the corresponding punches 11 of the two tunnels.
2: transient excavation unloading of multi-line tunnel
Firstly, selecting materials according to the designed three tunnel positions and diameters to manufacture a sample 1 and a plug body 2, polishing four side surfaces by using sand paper after the sample 1 is prepared, ensuring the smoothness and parallelism of the four side surfaces, plugging the plug body 2 into the sample 1, placing the sample on a ground stress loading device 16, and ensuring the internal deformation of the sample to be uniform after the ground stress loading is finished for 30 min; a controllable impact conversion device 17 is arranged, a limit support 14 is fixed on a base 15, the distance between the limit support 14 and an impact limit block 8 is controlled, a punch 11 and a movable cross plate 10 are prevented from striking a sample 1, and a speed measuring device 9 is arranged to measure the speed of the impact limit block 8; adjusting the movable cross plate 10, and then fixing the punch 11 on the movable cross plate 10 by using a nut 12 according to the designed size, so that the punch 11 faces the plug body 2; the bullet 6 is placed in the front end of the gun barrel 7, compressed gas is pumped into the gas storage tank 3 by an air compressor or the like, and the air pressure in the gas storage tank 3 is finely adjusted by the number indicated by the air pressure gauge 4. When the experiment is carried out, the air flow valve 5 is opened to release air in the air storage tank 3, so that the air storage tank pushes the bullet 6 to move and impact the impact limiting block 8, then the impact limiting block 8 can drive the punch 11 and impact the plug body 2 to finish excavation unloading, and in the experiment process, the power response and the damage evolution process of tunnel surrounding rock in the excavation process can be known more carefully by combining other sensors, high-speed photography and the like. In this embodiment, the length difference of the punches 11 corresponding to each tunnel realizes asynchronous excavation of the three-line tunnel, and the number of tunnels can be increased or the length difference of the punches 11 can be adjusted on the basis of the length difference to simulate the synchronous or asynchronous transient unloading excavation process of the multi-line tunnel.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to aid the reader in understanding the practice of the invention and that the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations from the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit thereof, and such modifications and combinations remain within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (5)
1. The multi-line tunnel transient excavation unloading experimental device is characterized by comprising a sample (1), a ground stress loading device (16) and a controllable multi-hole unloading device, wherein the sample (1) is provided with a plurality of small cone angle round table type holes, and the holes are internally filled with plugs (2) with the same shape and material; the ground stress loading device (16) loads and maintains the sample (1) through a loading pressure head; the controllable porous unloading device comprises a controllable impact conversion device (17) and a bullet shooting device (18); the controllable impact conversion device (17) comprises a base (15) and a movable cross plate (10), wherein the movable cross plate (10) is positioned in front of the sample (1), a groove is formed in the movable cross plate (10), a punch (11) is fixed in the groove, and the position of the punch (11) is opposite to the position of the plug body (2); a linear rail (13) is fixed at the center of the movable cross plate (10), and the linear rail (13) is perpendicular to the plane where the movable cross plate (10) is positioned; the impact limiting block (8) is fixed at the other end of the linear track (13); the limit support (14) is fixed on the base (15); the limiting support (14) is provided with a through hole, and the linear rail (13) passes through the through hole of the limiting support (14); one side of the impact limiting block (8) is provided with a speed measuring device (9); the bullet shooting device (18) comprises a bullet (6), the shooting direction of the bullet (6) is an impact limiting block (8), and the bullet (6) is shot to strike the impact limiting block (8).
2. The multi-line tunnel transient excavation unloading experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the ground stress loading device (16) loads and maintains the periphery of the sample (1) through four loading pressure heads.
3. The multi-line tunnel transient excavation unloading experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the bullet shooting device (18) further comprises a gun barrel (7), the tail end of the gun barrel (7) is located at the front side of the impact limiting block (8), the front end of the gun barrel is connected with the air storage tank (3) through the air flow valve (5), and the air pressure gauge (4) is arranged on the air storage tank (3).
4. The multi-line tunnel transient excavation unloading experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the punch (11) is fixed on the movable cross plate (10) through bolts (12); the included angle between the two plates of the movable cross plate (10) is adjustable, and scale marks are arranged on the movable cross plate (10).
5. The multi-line tunnel transient excavation unloading experiment method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preparing a sample (1) comprising a plurality of prefabricated holes, adjusting the included angle of a movable cross plate (10) of a controllable impact conversion device (17) and the length and the position of a punch (11) according to the design size of the sample (1), and installing a speed measuring device (9);
step 2, after filling the plug body (2) into the hole, loading the sample (1) by using a ground stress loading device (16) to enable the sample to reach a target ground stress level and maintaining the ground stress level for 30-40min;
and 3, the bullet shooting device (18) shoots bullets (6) to strike the impact limiting block (8) and pushes the movable cross plate (10) to slide towards the sample (1), so that the punch (11) strikes the plug body (2) in the moving process, and excavation unloading is realized.
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