CN114252354A - Test method for obtaining particle shot blasting harmonic wave flexible gear surface strengthening processing parameters - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test method for obtaining particle shot blasting harmonic flexible gear surface strengthening processing parameters, which particularly comprises five steps of preparation work before test, test piece particle shot blasting strength test, flexible gear particle shot blasting test, stress and surface appearance detection and process parameter determination. The invention provides a feasible data acquisition test method for the strengthening processing process and data of small-modulus precision gears such as harmonic flexible gears, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical surface machining, in particular to a test method for obtaining surface strengthening machining parameters of a particle shot blasting harmonic flexible gear.
Background
The harmonic flexible gear is taken as a typical representative of a high-performance precision gear and is widely applied to equipment such as aerospace, satellite communication, weapons and military industry, industrial robots, medical instruments and the like. Although the research on the aspects of force analysis, tooth surface modification, abrasion resistance and the like is carried out, a solution with long service life and high reliability is not provided for harmonic drive. On the premise of ensuring the dimensional accuracy, the method for strengthening the material performance and prolonging the service life of the material is always an engineering problem.
Particle peening is a special peening process, and shots with the diameter less than 0.1mm continuously impact the surface of a part at the jet speed of more than 100 m/s. The technology refines surface grains and generates nanocrystallization, the surface roughness is far less than that of the conventional shot blasting, the generation of surface fatigue cracks is slowed down, a certain residual stress layer is ensured, the surface hardness of parts is improved, the surface micro-morphology and the residual stress are considered, the fatigue performance of the parts is improved, and the possibility is provided for the surface fine strengthening of parts such as high-performance precision gears and the like.
Although some enterprises have attempted to improve the fatigue life of parts using particle peening technology, limited by the test equipment and pellet fabrication process and the machining cost of precision gears, it is not currently possible to conduct a large number of process tests to determine the optimum process parameters.
Chinese patent document CN 112708853 a discloses a processing method for improving the performance of an AlCrN coated tool by particle shot blasting post-treatment, which utilizes particle shot blasting to process the AlCrN coated tool, reduces the surface roughness of the coating, and improves the frictional wear resistance and cutting performance of the coating. But only proves that the particle peening has obvious influence on the coating performance, does not provide the optimal process parameters of the particle peening to guide the practical production and processing, and does not apply the particle peening technology to high-precision parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test method for obtaining particle shot blasting harmonic wave flexible gear surface strengthening processing parameters, which determines better processing technological parameters and strengthens the surface quality of a high-precision gear.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a test method for obtaining surface strengthening processing parameters of a particle shot blasting harmonic flexible gear, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation work before testing: the method comprises the steps of shot blasting machine cleaning, Almen test piece clamp manufacturing, harmonic flexible gear clamp manufacturing, particle shot preparing and filling and spray gun positioning;
step two, testing the shot blasting intensity of the test piece particles, carrying out the shot blasting intensity test of the N-type Almen test piece particles, drawing an arc height-time curve, and confirming the shot blasting intensity and the shot blasting time;
step three, performing a flexible gear particle shot blasting test, namely performing the flexible gear particle shot blasting test according to the test piece with the shot blasting strength and the saturation strength of the determined air pressure, the jet distance and the flow;
detecting stress and surface appearance, namely detecting residual stress and surface appearance at the root of the harmonic flexible gear before and after particle shot blasting;
and step five, determining process parameters, comparing the detection results in the step four, and determining better harmonic flexible wheel particle shot blasting process parameters based on the residual stress and surface roughness results.
Further, in the step one, the particle shots are high-speed steel shots with the average diameter of 50 μm.
Further, in the first step, a shot blasting machine is arranged in the shot blasting chamber, the shot blasting machine comprises a rotary operating platform and a spray gun, and before a test, a shot storage device on the spray gun and a pipeline are cleaned to remove impurities and dust on the shot storage device; and secondly, preparing the particle projectile, the harmonic flexspline, the flexspline clamp, the N-type Almen test piece and the Almen test piece clamp for later use.
Further, in the second step, firstly, the Almen test piece clamp is installed on the rotary operating platform, then the arc height value of the N-type Almen test piece before the experiment is measured by adopting an arc height instrument, the N-type Almen test piece is installed on the Almen test piece clamp, and the position and the injection angle of the spray gun are adjusted, so that the center of the injection port is over against the center of the Almen test piece; in the third step, the flexible gear clamp is installed on a rotary operating table, the selected harmonic flexible gear is connected to the flexible gear clamp, and the position and the injection angle of the spray gun are adjusted, so that the center of the injection port is opposite to the tooth surface of the harmonic flexible gear;
before the test, the pill storage device is filled with particle pills, the Almen test piece and the harmonic flexible gear do uniform rotation along with the rotary operating platform during two groups of tests, and the spray gun is positioned perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the rotary operating platform.
Furthermore, the distance between the spray opening of the spray gun and the sprayed surface of the Almen test piece is set to be 150mm, and the rotating operation table is set to rotate at a constant speed.
Further, in the second step, the power supply of the shot blasting machine is switched on, the shot blasting flow rate and the shot blasting pressure are adjusted, the injection time is respectively 4s, 8s, 16s and 32s, the Almen test piece is taken down after the particle shot blasting is finished, the arc height value of the Almen test piece is measured by an arc height instrument, and the particle shot blasting intensity under the injection pressure and the particle shot blasting time when the particle shot blasting is saturated are calculated.
Further, in the fourth step, a surface appearance measuring instrument is adopted to measure the surface micro appearance of the harmonic flexible gear before and after the particle shot blasting, and the same measuring point needs to be repeatedly measured for more than three times; and then, using microscope view processing software to intercept the surface micro-topography at the tooth root for analysis, then removing the curvature radius at the tooth root, calculating the surface roughness Sa and Sq, and averaging the multiple measurement results.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the invention provides a test method for obtaining particle shot peening harmonic flexible gear surface strengthening processing parameters, and particularly provides a feasible data obtaining test method for the strengthening processing process and data of small-modulus precision gears such as harmonic flexible gears through five steps of preparation work before test, test piece particle shot peening strength test, flexible gear particle shot peening test, stress and surface appearance detection and process parameter determination.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated in the following description with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a testing method for obtaining the surface peening parameters of the harmonic flexspline of the particle peening of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a harmonic flexspline of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a harmonic flexspline shot peening test of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the harmonic flexspline tooth root surface topography before and after particle peening in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a comparison of surface roughness before and after particle blasting according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing a comparison of residual surface stresses before and after the shot peening of the fine particles of the present invention;
description of reference numerals: 1. harmonic flexible gear; 2. a flexspline clamp; 3. rotating the operating platform; 4. a spray gun; 5. and (4) carrying out particle projectile.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a test method for obtaining the surface strengthening processing parameters of the particle peening harmonic flexible gear specifically includes the following steps:
step one, preparation work before testing: the method comprises the steps of shot blasting machine cleaning, Almen test piece clamp manufacturing, harmonic flexible gear clamp manufacturing, particle shot preparing and filling and spray gun positioning;
step two, testing the shot blasting intensity of the test piece particles, carrying out the shot blasting intensity test of the N-type Almen test piece particles, drawing an arc height-time curve, and confirming the shot blasting intensity and the shot blasting time;
step three, performing a flexible gear particle shot blasting test, namely performing the flexible gear particle shot blasting test according to the test piece with the shot blasting strength and the saturation strength of the determined air pressure, the jet distance and the flow;
detecting stress and surface appearance, namely detecting residual stress and surface appearance at the root of the harmonic flexible gear before and after particle shot blasting;
and step five, determining process parameters, comparing the detection results in the step four, and determining better harmonic flexible wheel particle shot blasting process parameters based on the residual stress and surface roughness results.
Specifically, in the step one, the particulate shots are high-speed steel shots with an average diameter of 50 μm. In the first step, a shot blasting machine is arranged in a shot blasting chamber, the shot blasting machine comprises a rotary operating platform 3 and a spray gun 4, and before a test, a shot storage device and a pipeline on the spray gun 4 are cleaned to remove impurities and dust on the shot storage device; then, the particle pellet 5, the harmonic flexspline 1, the flexspline holder 2, the N-type Almen test piece, and the Almen test piece holder are prepared for use.
Specifically, in the second step, firstly, the Almen test piece fixture is installed on the rotary operating platform 3, then the arc height value of the N-type Almen test piece before the experiment is measured by adopting an arc height instrument, the N-type Almen test piece is installed on the Almen test piece fixture, and the position and the injection angle of the spray gun 4 are adjusted, so that the center of the injection port is just opposite to the center of the Almen test piece;
in the third step, firstly, the flexible gear clamp 2 is installed on the rotary operating platform 3, then the selected harmonic flexible gear 1 is connected to the flexible gear clamp 2, and the position and the spraying angle of the spray gun 4 are adjusted, so that the center of the spraying opening is over against the tooth surface of the harmonic flexible gear 1;
before the test, the pill storage device is filled with particle pills, the Almen test piece and the harmonic flexible gear rotate at a constant speed along with the rotary operating platform 3 during two groups of tests, and the spray gun 4 is positioned perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the rotary operating platform 3.
Specifically, the distance between the spray gun 4 and the sprayed surface of the Almen test piece is set to be 150mm, and the rotary operating platform 3 is set to rotate at a constant speed.
Specifically, in the second step, the power supply of the shot blasting machine is switched on, the shot blasting flow rate and the shot blasting pressure are adjusted, the injection time is respectively 4s, 8s, 16s and 32s, the Almen test piece is taken down after the particle shot blasting is finished, the arc height value of the Almen test piece is measured by an arc height instrument, and the particle shot blasting intensity under the injection pressure and the particle shot blasting time when the saturation is reached are calculated.
Specifically, in the fourth step, a surface appearance measuring instrument is adopted to measure the surface micro appearance of the harmonic flexible gear before and after the particle shot blasting, and the same measuring point needs to be repeatedly measured for more than three times; and then, using microscope view processing software to intercept the surface micro-topography at the tooth root for analysis, then removing the curvature radius at the tooth root, calculating the surface roughness Sa and Sq, and averaging the multiple measurement results.
The specific implementation process of the invention is as follows:
first, in this embodiment, a harmonic double-arc flexible gear of 30CrMnSiA is taken as an example, the geometry of the test piece and the tooth profile is shown in fig. 2, and the material parameters are as follows:
| number of teeth | Z＝200 |
| Angle of pressure | α0＝20° |
| Manufacturing process | Rough machining-heat treatment-finish machining |
| Modulus of elasticity | m0＝0.00315m |
| Poisson ratio | V＝0.3 |
| Young's modulus | E＝210GPa |
| Yield limit | σY＝835MPa |
| Hardness of | HV0.1＝500 |
Step one, preparation work before particle shot blasting test: firstly, cleaning a shot storage device and a pipeline of the shot blasting machine to avoid impurities and dust mixed in the shot; then filling particle bullets in a pill storage device, wherein the pill type is SBM300, and the average diameter is 50 mu m; fixing an Almen test piece clamp at the center of a rotary operating platform 3 of the shot blasting machine, and installing an N-type Almen test piece; the inner diameter of the spray gun mouth is selected to be 8mm, the position and the spray angle of the spray gun are adjusted, the distance between the spray gun mouth and the sprayed surface is 150mm, meanwhile, the incident direction of the pills is vertical to the sprayed surface, and the specific installation position is shown in figure 3.
And step two, testing the particle shot blasting process. Switching on a power supply of the shot blasting machine, adjusting the shot blasting flow to 25kg/min, firstly adjusting the shot blasting air pressure to 0.6MPa, and enabling the rotary operating platform 3 to rotate at a constant speed of 1.571rad/s, wherein the spraying time is 4s, 8s, 16s and 32s respectively; and (3) taking down the Almen test piece after the particle peening is finished, measuring the arc height value by using an arc height instrument, and calculating the particle peening intensity when the peening pressure is 0.6MPa and the particle peening time when the particle peening is saturated. Then, the particle peening intensities at the injection pressures of 0.15MPa, 0.3MPa and 0.4MPa and the particle peening time to saturation were obtained in this order according to the above procedure.
Since the time difference when saturation is reached is not large, the fixed particle blasting time is 21s to make the coverage rate 200%. The injection pressures of 0.15MPa, 0.3MPa, 0.4MPa and 0.6MPa correspond to injection strengths of 0.07mmN, 0.09mmN, 0.12mmN and 0.15mmN, respectively.
And step three, performing a particle shot blasting process test on the harmonic flexible gear 1, taking down the Almen test piece clamp, replacing the Almen test piece clamp with the flexible gear clamp 2, and performing particle shot blasting on the harmonic flexible gear sample according to the process parameters in the step two, wherein the intensities of the particle shot blasting are 0.07mmN, 0.09mmN, 0.12mmN and 0.15mmN respectively. The shot peening process is shown in FIG. 3.
And step four, detecting the surface appearance and the surface residual stress before and after the particle shot blasting.
And measuring the surface micro-morphology of the harmonic flexible gear before particle shot blasting. Surface micro-topography of the harmonic flexible gear before and after particle shot blasting is measured by adopting a surface topography measuring instrument, such as a white light interferometer, a super-depth of field three-dimensional detector and the like, and the same measuring point is repeatedly measured for more than three times. The measurement spot size of the white light interferometer is 1mm x 1mm and is larger than the tooth profile of the harmonic flexible gear, so microscopic topography of the surface of the tooth root is intercepted by using microscope view processing software for analysis. Then, the curvature radius at the tooth root is removed and the surface roughness Sa and Sq are calculated, and the results of the multiple measurements are averaged. The specific measurement and data processing procedures are shown in fig. 4 and 5.
Fig. 5 shows a comparison curve of surface roughness before and after the particle blasting, and it can be found that the particle blasting also increases the surface roughness for a material having a low hardness such as a harmonic flexspline. When the shot strength is 0.07mmN, the surface roughness Sa is 0.6. mu.m. The surface roughness Sa and Sq gradually increase as the particle peening intensity increases. The surface roughness of the flexible gear is generally required to be not more than 0.8 μm in engineering. If the shot blasting strength is selected to be smaller, the surface roughness still meets the processing requirement.
Fig. 6 shows the results of comparison of the surface residual stresses before and after the fine particle blasting, and it can be seen that the surface residual compressive stress is remarkably increased from untreated 273MPa to about 420MPa after the fine particle blasting, but the surface residual compressive stress is maintained at about 420MPa without being increased as the shot strength is increased. It can be seen that at low spray strengths, the residual compressive stress has reached saturation. This residual stress saturation phenomenon is described in "compressive residual stress by shot peening", s.wang, y.li, m.yao, and r.wang, proceedings of materials processing technology, volume 73, pages 64-73, 1998.
For the harmonic flexspline in such a combination of the particle peening processes, the residual compressive stress cannot be further increased even if the peening strength is increased. Therefore, it is recommended to select a low shot strength so that the surface roughness Sa can be controlled to be within 0.6 μm while ensuring the residual compressive stress of the flexspline.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A test method for obtaining particle shot blasting harmonic flexible gear surface strengthening processing parameters is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation work before testing: the method comprises the steps of shot blasting machine cleaning, Almen test piece clamp manufacturing, harmonic flexible gear clamp manufacturing, particle shot preparing and filling and spray gun positioning;
step two, testing the shot blasting intensity of the test piece particles, carrying out the shot blasting intensity test of the N-type Almen test piece particles, drawing an arc height-time curve, and confirming the shot blasting intensity and the shot blasting time;
step three, performing a flexible gear particle shot blasting test, namely performing the flexible gear particle shot blasting test according to the test piece with the shot blasting strength and the saturation strength of the determined air pressure, the jet distance and the flow;
detecting stress and surface appearance, namely detecting residual stress and surface appearance at the root of the harmonic flexible gear before and after particle shot blasting;
and step five, determining process parameters, comparing the detection results in the step four, and determining better harmonic flexible wheel particle shot blasting process parameters based on the residual stress and surface roughness results.
2. The test method for obtaining the particle peening harmonic flexspline surface peening parameters of claim 1, wherein: in step one, the particle shots are high-speed steel shots with an average diameter of 50 μm.
3. The test method for obtaining the particle peening harmonic flexspline surface peening parameters of claim 1, wherein: in the first step, a shot blasting machine is arranged in a shot blasting chamber and comprises a rotary operating platform and a spray gun, and before a test, a shot storage device on the spray gun and a pipeline are cleaned to remove impurities and dust on the shot storage device; and secondly, preparing the particle projectile, the harmonic flexspline, the flexspline clamp, the N-type Almen test piece and the Almen test piece clamp for later use.
4. The test method for obtaining the particle peening harmonic flexspline surface peening parameters of claim 3, wherein: in the second step, firstly, the Almen test piece clamp is installed on a rotary operating platform, then an arc height instrument is adopted to measure the arc height value of the N-type Almen test piece before the experiment, the N-type Almen test piece clamp is installed on the Almen test piece clamp, and the position and the injection angle of the spray gun are adjusted, so that the center of the injection port is opposite to the center of the Almen test piece;
in the third step, the flexible gear clamp is installed on a rotary operating table, the selected harmonic flexible gear is connected to the flexible gear clamp, and the position and the injection angle of the spray gun are adjusted, so that the center of the injection port is opposite to the tooth surface of the harmonic flexible gear;
before the test, the pill storage device is filled with particle pills, the Almen test piece and the harmonic flexible gear do uniform rotation along with the rotary operating platform during two groups of tests, and the spray gun is positioned perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the rotary operating platform.
5. The test method for obtaining the particle peening harmonic flexspline surface peening parameters of claim 4, wherein: the distance between the spray opening of the spray gun and the sprayed surface of the Almen test piece is set to be 150mm, and the rotary operating platform is set to rotate at a constant speed.
6. The test method for obtaining the particle peening harmonic flexspline surface peening parameters of claim 4, wherein: and in the second step, a power supply of the shot blasting machine is switched on, the shot blasting flow and the shot blasting air pressure are adjusted, the injection time is respectively 4s, 8s, 16s and 32s, the Almen test piece is taken down after the particle shot blasting is finished, the arc height value of the Almen test piece is measured by an arc height instrument, and the particle shot blasting intensity under the injection air pressure and the particle shot blasting time when the particle shot blasting is saturated are calculated.
7. The test method for obtaining the particle peening harmonic flexspline surface peening parameters of claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, a surface appearance measuring instrument is adopted to measure the surface micro appearance of the harmonic flexible gear before and after the particle shot blasting, and the same measuring point needs to be repeatedly measured for more than three times; and then, using microscope view processing software to intercept the surface micro-topography at the tooth root for analysis, then removing the curvature radius at the tooth root, calculating the surface roughness Sa and Sq, and averaging the multiple measurement results.
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