CN114251664A - Garbage incinerator and reheating flue gas backflow system thereof - Google Patents
Garbage incinerator and reheating flue gas backflow system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114251664A CN114251664A CN202111629779.XA CN202111629779A CN114251664A CN 114251664 A CN114251664 A CN 114251664A CN 202111629779 A CN202111629779 A CN 202111629779A CN 114251664 A CN114251664 A CN 114251664A
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 284
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 284
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G3/00—Steam superheaters characterised by constructional features; Details of component parts thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/20—Waste heat recuperation using the heat in association with another installation
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a garbage incinerator and a reheating flue gas reflux system thereof; wherein, this reheat flue gas return-flow system is applied to waste incinerator, and includes: two sets of flue gas reflux devices; the flue gas reflux ports of the two sets of flue gas reflux devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a convection heat exchange surface channel of the garbage incinerator and are both positioned on the outlet side of a reheater at the tail end of the convection heat exchange surface channel, and flue gas flow outlets are arranged at inlets of the convection heat exchange surface channel. In this scheme, be provided with flue gas reflux inlet of flue gas reflux unit through the bilateral symmetry distribution at convection current heat transfer surface passageway back end, can make the partial back end low temperature flue gas of convection current heat transfer surface passageway can realize two side symmetry backward flows to make when extracting the backward flow flue gas, can help reducing the influence to former flue gas flow field, avoid the flue gas bias flow to influence the efficiency of convection current heat transfer surface, thereby can be on the basis that reduces convection current heat transfer surface import flue gas temperature, can effectively guarantee the effect of convection current heat transfer surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of garbage incinerator manufacturing, in particular to a garbage incinerator and a reheated flue gas backflow system thereof.
Background
Waste incineration power generation is an effective utilization mode of renewable energy. The waste incineration waste heat boiler is characterized in that a primary evaporator, a high-temperature superheater, a high-temperature reheater, a medium-temperature superheater, a second low-temperature superheater, a first low-temperature superheater, a medium-temperature reheater, a second low-temperature reheater, a first low-temperature reheater and an economizer are sequentially arranged from a convection heat exchange surface flue gas inlet, flue gas sequentially flows through heat exchange surfaces at all levels to exchange heat with working media in a hot surface tube bundle, and the flue gas is discharged after passing through the economizer and enters a flue gas purification system.
The inlet working medium of the first low-temperature superheater is saturated steam, sequentially flows through the second low-temperature superheater, the middle-temperature superheater and the high-temperature superheater, and is heated by flue gas, and then the temperature of the outlet working medium is increased, so that the saturated steam is heated into superheated steam, and the superheated steam meets the superheat requirement of a steam turbine so as to apply work and generate power; the inlet working medium of the low-temperature reheater is saturated or superheated steam, sequentially flows through the medium-temperature reheater and the high-temperature reheater, and the temperature of the outlet working medium is increased after the outlet working medium is heated by flue gas; that is to say, after the steam works and generates power through the high-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, the steam returns to the boiler reheater for secondary heating, and after the superheat degree is improved, the steam enters the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine again to work.
The condition that high temperature flue gas corrodes convection current heat transfer surface heat exchanger exists in msw incineration exhaust-heat boiler at present. However, the existing technology for reducing the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface easily affects the flow field of the original flue gas of the convection heat exchange surface, so that the flow of the flue gas is deflected, and the effect of the convection heat exchange surface is further affected.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a reheated flue gas recirculation system, wherein flue gas recirculation ports of a flue gas recirculation device are symmetrically distributed on two sides of a rear section of a convection heat exchange surface channel, so that part of low-temperature flue gas at the rear section of the convection heat exchange surface channel can realize bilateral symmetric recirculation, and when the recirculated flue gas is extracted, the influence on an original flue gas flow field can be reduced, the influence of flue gas bias flow on the efficiency of a convection heat exchange surface is avoided, and therefore, the effect of the convection heat exchange surface can be effectively ensured on the basis of reducing the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a reheat flue gas return-flow system is applied to waste incinerator, and includes: two sets of flue gas reflux devices;
the flue gas backflow ports of the two sets of flue gas backflow devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a convection heat exchange surface channel of the garbage incinerator and are located on the outlet side of a reheater at the tail end of the convection heat exchange surface channel, and the flue gas outflow ports are arranged at inlets of the convection heat exchange surface channel.
Preferably, the flue gas return ports of the two sets of flue gas return devices are both positioned at the middle upper part of the convection heat exchange surface channel.
Preferably, the flue gas outlets of the two sets of flue gas reflux devices are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface channel.
Preferably, the flue gas recirculation apparatus includes: the device comprises a flue gas backflow air suction inlet, a backflow fan, a backflow flue gas collection box and a backflow flue gas nozzle;
the flue gas backflow air suction opening is arranged on one side of the convection heat exchange surface channel, is positioned on the outlet side of a reheater at the tail end of the convection heat exchange surface channel and is used as the flue gas backflow opening; the return flue gas collection header is arranged on one side of the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface channel; the inlet of the backflow fan is connected to the smoke backflow suction inlet, and the outlet of the backflow fan is connected to the inlet of the backflow smoke collecting box; the backflow flue gas nozzle is arranged on the wall of the backflow flue gas collecting header and faces the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface channel, and the outlet of the backflow flue gas nozzle serves as the flue gas outflow port.
Preferably, the number of the return flue gas nozzles is multiple, and the return flue gas nozzles are uniformly distributed along the wall of the return flue gas collecting header from top to bottom.
Preferably, the flue gas reflux device further comprises a cyclone separator and a cyclone separator ash falling pipe;
the inlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the smoke backflow suction inlet, and the air outlet of the cyclone separator is connected with the inlet of the backflow fan; and an ash inlet of the ash falling pipe of the cyclone separator is connected to an ash outlet of the cyclone separator, and the ash outlet is arranged in an ash hopper below the convection heat exchange surface channel heat exchanger.
Preferably, the flue gas recirculation device further comprises a fan inlet damper;
the fan inlet baffle door is arranged at the inlet of the return fan.
Preferably, the flue gas reflux device further comprises a second reflux pipeline and a flue gas isolation valve;
the first end of the second return pipeline is connected to the outlet of the return fan, and the second end of the second return pipeline is connected to the inlet of the return flue gas collecting box; the flue gas isolation valve is arranged on the second return pipeline and is a double-layer sealing valve.
Preferably, the flue gas backflow device further comprises a flue gas check valve;
the flue gas check valve set up in the second return line, and be located the flue gas isolating valve with between the second return line second end.
According to the reheating flue gas reflux system provided by the invention, the flue gas reflux ports of the flue gas reflux devices are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the rear section of the convection heat exchange surface channel, so that part of the low-temperature flue gas at the rear section of the convection heat exchange surface channel can realize bilateral symmetric reflux, the influence on an original flue gas flow field can be favorably reduced when the reflux flue gas is extracted, the efficiency of the convection heat exchange surface is prevented from being influenced by the bias flow of the flue gas, and the effect of the convection heat exchange surface can be effectively ensured on the basis of reducing the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface.
The invention also provides a garbage incinerator, which has corresponding beneficial effects due to the adoption of the reheated flue gas backflow system, and specific reference can be made to the foregoing description, so that the detailed description is omitted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reheat flue gas recirculation system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reheated flue gas recirculation system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
The system comprises a primary evaporator 1, a high-temperature superheater 2, a high-temperature reheater 3, a medium-temperature superheater 4, a second low-temperature superheater 5, a first low-temperature superheater 6, a medium-temperature reheater 7, a second low-temperature reheater 8, a first low-temperature reheater 9, an economizer 10, a flue gas backflow suction inlet 11, a first backflow pipeline 12, a cyclone separator 13, a fan inlet baffle door 14, a backflow fan 15, a flue gas check valve 16, a flue gas isolation valve 18, a backflow flue gas collection box 18, a backflow flue gas nozzle 19, a cyclone separator ash falling pipe 21, saturated steam drum outlet 21, a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 22, a high-pressure cylinder exhaust 23, a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 24, a steam turbine low-temperature furnace 25, a waste heat furnace two-flue outlet main flue gas 26, backflow flue gas 27 and a second backflow pipeline 27.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The reheat flue gas reflux system provided by the embodiment of the invention is applied to a garbage incinerator, and comprises the following components as shown in figures 1 and 2: two sets of flue gas reflux devices;
the flue gas reflux ports of the two sets of flue gas reflux devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a convection heat exchange surface channel of the garbage incinerator and are both positioned on the outlet side of a reheater at the tail end of the convection heat exchange surface channel, and the flue gas flow outlets are arranged at inlets of the convection heat exchange surface channel.
It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 2, the flue gas reflux ports (flue gas reflux suction ports) of the two sets of flue gas reflux devices are used for being symmetrically distributed on two sides of the convection heat transfer surface channel of the garbage incinerator respectively, and are located on the rear side of the reheater at the tail end of the convection heat transfer surface channel, so that the low-temperature flue gas at the rear section of the convection heat transfer surface channel can realize bilateral symmetric reflux (certainly, if the flue gas is sucked in at one side, the bias flow of the original flue gas flow field can be serious, the convection heat transfer effect can be greatly influenced), so as to reduce the influence of the reflux flue gas on the original flue gas flow field, and avoid the influence of the bias flow of the flue gas on the efficiency of the convection heat transfer surface. As shown in fig. 1, the flue gas recirculation ports of the two sets of flue gas recirculation devices are located at the rear side of the first low-temperature reheater 9, that is, the flue gas recirculation ports are used for sucking the low-temperature flue gas which flows back through the first low-temperature reheater 9. In addition, the flue gas flow outlets of the two sets of flue gas reflux devices are used for being arranged at the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface channel, namely the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface of the garbage incinerator, so that the reflux flue gas and the original flue gas are mixed, and the functions of turbulence and cooling are achieved. That is to say, the scheme increases the heat absorption capacity of the convection heat exchange surface of the garbage incinerator through the flue gas backflow, reduces the temperature of the flue gas entering the convection heat exchange surface, reduces the high-temperature corrosion of the heat exchanger tube bundle, and prolongs the service life of the heat exchanger; meanwhile, turbulence can be enhanced through the returned smoke, and the phenomenon that the smoke flow field temperature field of the convection heat exchange surface is unevenly distributed is reduced.
According to the reheating flue gas reflux system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the flue gas reflux ports of the flue gas reflux devices are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the rear section of the convection heat exchange surface channel, so that part of low-temperature flue gas at the rear section of the convection heat exchange surface channel can realize bilateral symmetric reflux, the influence on an original flue gas flow field can be favorably reduced when the reflux flue gas is extracted, the efficiency of the convection heat exchange surface is prevented from being influenced by bias flow of the flue gas, and the effect of the convection heat exchange surface can be effectively ensured on the basis of reducing the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface.
In the scheme, in order to reduce the influence on the original flue gas flow field as much as possible and to better realize the suction and backflow of the flue gas; correspondingly, as shown in fig. 1, the flue gas return ports of the two sets of flue gas return devices are both located at the middle upper part of the convection heat exchange surface channel.
Specifically, similarly, in order to reduce the influence on the main flue gas flow field at the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface, the backflow flue gas is required to flow out symmetrically on both sides; correspondingly, as shown in fig. 2, the flue gas outlets of the two sets of flue gas reflux devices are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface channel.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the flue gas recirculation apparatus (i.e. each set of flue gas recirculation apparatus) includes: the smoke backflow suction inlet 11, the backflow fan 15, the backflow smoke collecting box 18 and the backflow smoke nozzle 19;
as shown in fig. 2, the flue gas recirculation inlet 11 is configured to be disposed at one side of the convective heat exchange surface channel, and is located at an outlet side of the reheater at the end of the convective heat exchange surface channel, and serves as a flue gas recirculation port; as shown in fig. 1, namely, the flue gas backflow suction opening 11 is located at the rear side of the first low-temperature reheater 9;
the return flue gas collection header 18 is arranged on one side of the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface channel;
the inlet of the return fan 15 is connected with the smoke return suction inlet 11, and the outlet is connected with the inlet of the return smoke collection box 18;
the return flue gas nozzle 19 is arranged on the wall of the return flue gas collecting header 18 and faces the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface channel, and the outlet of the return flue gas nozzle 19 is used as a flue gas outlet. The scheme is that the backflow flue gas is sprayed out through the backflow flue gas nozzle 19 so as to realize the mixing of the backflow flue gas and the main flue gas, thereby playing roles of turbulence and cooling. The flue gas reflux unit of this scheme so designs, has characteristics such as simple structure, flue gas outflow mix effectually. In addition, the flue gas reflux unit in this scheme passes through return-flow fan 15 to with the back end low temperature flue gas extraction of convection current heat transfer surface passageway, and send to the front end of convection current heat transfer surface passageway and realize mixing with high temperature main flue gas.
Further, in order to realize the sufficient turbulent flow mixing of the backflow flue gas and the main flue gas; accordingly, as shown in fig. 1, the number of the return flue gas nozzles 19 is plural, and the return flue gas nozzles are uniformly distributed along the wall of the return flue gas collection header 18 from top to bottom. Wherein the flow velocity of the flue gas in the return flue gas nozzles 19 is 50-70 m/s, and the distance between two adjacent return flue gas nozzles 19 is 300-600 mm.
Still further, as shown in fig. 1, the flue gas recirculation apparatus further includes a cyclone 13;
the inlet of the cyclone separator 13 is connected to the smoke reflux inlet 11, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the reflux fan 15. That is to say, the present scheme adds cyclone 13 in front of return flow fan 15 to separate out the fly ash in the return flow flue gas, so as to reduce the ash content in the return flow flue gas and reduce the wear and corrosion of relevant equipment and pipelines.
In order to further optimize the above technical solution, as shown in fig. 1, the flue gas recirculation apparatus further includes a cyclone ash falling pipe 20;
an ash inlet of the cyclone ash falling pipe 20 is connected to an ash outlet of the cyclone 13, and the ash outlet is arranged in an ash hopper below the convection heat exchange surface channel heat exchanger. That is, the present embodiment passes through the cyclone ash dropping pipe 20 so as to convey the fly ash collected by the cyclone 13 into the ash hopper below the heat exchanger.
In this solution, as shown in fig. 1, the flue gas recirculation device further comprises a blower inlet damper 14;
a fan inlet damper 14 is provided at the inlet of the return fan 15. This scheme is so designed to in the realization to the regulation of flue gas backward flow volume, can further realize the regulation to backward flow flue gas and main flue gas mixing volume, thereby help ensureing that the convection current heat transfer surface moves stably, reliably nimble.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the flue gas recirculation device further comprises a second recirculation pipe 27 and a flue gas isolation valve 17;
the first end of the second return pipeline 27 is connected to the outlet of the return fan 15, and the second end is connected to the inlet of the return flue gas collection box 18; the flue gas isolation valve 17 is disposed in the second return pipe 27 and is a double-layer sealing valve. The flue gas isolation valve 17 of the scheme adopts a double-layer sealing valve, so that reverse connection of high-temperature flue gas can be effectively prevented. Of course, the flue gas recirculation device also comprises a first recirculation pipe 12; wherein, the first end of the first return pipeline 12 is connected to the smoke return suction inlet 11, and the second end is connected to the inlet of the cyclone separator 13.
Still further, as shown in fig. 1, the flue gas recirculation apparatus further comprises a flue gas check valve 16;
the flue gas check valve 16 is arranged in the second return duct 27 between the flue gas isolation valve 17 and the second end of the second return duct 27. That is to say, this scheme has set up flue gas check valve 16 before flue gas isolating valve 17, can effectively further prevent the anti-cluster of flue gas.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a garbage incinerator, which also comprises the reheating smoke backflow system; because this scheme has adopted foretell reheat flue gas return-flow system, it also has corresponding beneficial effect, can refer to the preceding explanation specifically, and no longer repeated here.
The present solution is further described below with reference to specific embodiments:
according to the scheme, the heat absorption capacity of the convection heat exchange surface of the garbage incinerator is increased through the backflow of the flue gas, the temperature of the flue gas entering the convection heat exchange surface is reduced, the high-temperature corrosion of the heat exchange tube bundle is reduced, and the service life of the heat exchange tube bundle is prolonged; meanwhile, turbulence is enhanced through backflow smoke, and the phenomenon that the smoke flow temperature field of the convection heat exchange surface is not uniformly arranged is reduced.
The basic scheme is as follows: add the flue gas backward flow mouth in msw incineration exhaust-heat boiler's low temperature re-heater export, through the flue, frequency conversion backward flow fan (containing entry baffle damper), the check valve, parts such as electronic flue gas baffle door, be connected to msw incineration exhaust-heat boiler's convection heat transfer surface entry, realize mixing with former flue gas, reduce the flue gas temperature that gets into the one-level evaporimeter, thereby reduce the one-level evaporimeter step by step, the high temperature over heater, the high temperature re-heater, the medium temperature over heater, second low temperature over heater, first low temperature over heater, the medium temperature re-heater, the flue gas side temperature of low temperature re-heater.
More specifically, the invention adopts a reheating flue gas reflux system in the garbage incinerator.
The boiler heat exchange surface arrangement of the system comprises the following components: a primary evaporator 1, a high-temperature superheater 2, a high-temperature reheater 3, a medium-temperature superheater 4, a second low-temperature superheater 5, a first low-temperature superheater 16, a medium-temperature reheater 7, a second low-temperature reheater 8, a first low-temperature reheater 9 and an economizer 10 are sequentially arranged in the flow direction of flue gas;
the flue gas recirculation part comprises: a flue gas backflow suction inlet 11, a first backflow pipeline 12, a cyclone separator 13, a fan inlet baffle door 14, a backflow fan 15, a flue gas check valve 16, a flue gas isolation valve 17, a backflow flue gas collection box 18, a backflow flue gas nozzle 19 and a cyclone separator ash falling pipe 20 are arranged on the left side wall and the right side wall of an outlet of a first low-temperature reheater 9 of the boiler.
The steam-water flow of the invention: saturated steam 21 at the outlet of the steam drum sequentially flows through the first low-temperature superheater 6, the second low-temperature superheater 5, the medium-temperature superheater 4 and the high-temperature superheater 2 to reach a certain superheat degree, then enters the high-pressure cylinder 22 of the steam turbine to do work, steam discharged by the high-pressure cylinder 23 returns to the first low-temperature reheater 9, the second low-temperature reheater 8, the medium-temperature reheater 7 and the high-temperature reheater 2 of the boiler, the reheated steam enters the low-pressure cylinder 24 of the steam turbine to do work and generate power, exhaust steam is condensed and recycled in the condenser, and the reheating power generation process is completed.
The flue gas flow of the invention is as follows: the main flue gas 25 at the outlet of the two-three flue of the waste heat furnace sequentially flows through a primary evaporator 1, a high-temperature superheater 2, a high-temperature reheater 3, a medium-temperature superheater 4, a second low-temperature superheater 5, a first low-temperature superheater 6, a medium-temperature reheater 7, a second low-temperature reheater 8, a first low-temperature reheater 9 and an economizer 10; the backflow flue gas 26 is discharged from the first low-temperature reheater 9, passes through the flue gas backflow suction opening 11, the backflow pipeline 12, the cyclone separator 13, the fan inlet baffle door 14, the backflow fan 15, the flue gas check valve 16, the flue gas isolation valve 17, the backflow flue gas collection box 18 and the backflow flue gas nozzle 19 in sequence, is sent into the top area of the three flues, and is mixed with the main flue gas to play roles of turbulence and cooling; the fly ash in the flue gas collected by the cyclone 13 is conveyed into an ash hopper below the heat exchanger through an ash falling pipe 20 of the cyclone. Wherein the flow velocity of the returned flue gas can reach 60-70 m/s through the nozzle; the nozzle is arranged on the side wall of the top area of the three flues, extends into the furnace through the opening of the side wall and is used for spraying the backflow flue gas to be mixed with the main flue gas.
Preferably, the reheating flue gas reflux system in the garbage incinerator comprises a first reflux pipeline 12, a cyclone separator 13, a fan inlet baffle door 14, a reflux fan 15, a flue gas check valve 16, a flue gas isolation valve 17, a reflux flue gas collection box 18, a reflux flue gas nozzle 19 and other facilities, wherein the contact parts of the first reflux pipeline 12, the cyclone separator 13, the fan inlet baffle door 14 and the reflux fan 15 and flue gas are made of carbon steel Q235B; the flue gas check valve 16, the flue gas isolating valve 17, the backflow flue gas collecting box 18, the backflow flue gas nozzle 19 and relevant connecting pipelines, and the contact part of the sealing equipment and the flue gas is made of 304 stainless steel.
Preferably, in the reheating flue gas reflux system in the garbage incinerator, the reflux fan 15 adopts a variable frequency motor, and the reflux air volume can be adjusted according to the temperature of main steam/reheating steam.
Preferably, the reheating flue gas reflux system in the garbage incinerator is provided with the cyclone separator 13 in front of the fan, so that the ash content of the reflux flue gas can be reduced, and the abrasion and corrosion of related equipment and pipelines can be reduced.
Preferably, in the reheating flue gas reflux system in the garbage incinerator, the flue gas isolation valve 17 adopts a double-layer sealing valve, the sealing air adopts hot air (the temperature is higher than 140 ℃), the high-temperature flue gas is prevented from flowing back, and the flue gas check valve 16 is arranged in front of the flue gas isolation valve 17, so that the flue gas is further prevented from flowing back.
Preferably, in the reheating flue gas reflux system in the garbage incinerator, the flue gas reflux suction inlet 11 and the reflux pipeline 12 are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the boiler, and the flue gas reflux suction inlet 11 is arranged at the middle upper part of the flue, so that the influence on a flue gas flow field is small.
Preferably, in the reheating flue gas reflux system in the garbage incinerator, the contact part of the cyclone separator 13 and the flue gas is made of wear-resistant Q345R material.
Preferably, in the reheating flue gas reflux system in the waste incinerator, the high-temperature superheater 2 and the high-temperature reheater 3 are arranged in a concurrent flow manner; the medium-temperature superheater 4, the second low-temperature superheater 5, the first low-temperature superheater 6, the medium-temperature reheater 7, the second low-temperature reheater 8, the first low-temperature reheater 9 and the economizer 10 are arranged in a counter-flow mode.
Preferably, in the reheating flue gas reflux system in the garbage incinerator, the flow velocity of flue gas in the reflux flue gas nozzle 19 is 50-70 m/s, and the flue gas is fully mixed with main flue gas in a turbulent manner; the nozzles are uniformly distributed along the flow direction of the flue gas, and the pitch is 300-600 mm.
Preferably, the reheating flue gas reflux system in the waste incinerator participates in the heat exchange surfaces of the reflux flue gas convection superheater and the reheater, and the design area of the boiler is increased by 20-30% compared with that of a boiler without a flue gas reflux system.
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
1. The total amount of the smoke on the convection heat exchange surface is increased through smoke backflow, the temperature of the smoke entering the convection heat exchange surface is reduced, and the high-temperature corrosion of the heat exchange surface is reduced.
2. The returned flue gas is dedusted by cyclone separation, so that the deposition and coking of the superheater are reduced.
3. The return flue gas is mixed with the original flue gas at a high speed, so that the temperature and flow speed deviation in a flue gas field are reduced.
4. The cooling working medium adopts flue gas, so that the efficiency of the boiler is not reduced, and the economical efficiency is better than that of other means such as water spraying temperature reduction and the like.
5. The amount of the returned smoke is adjusted by combining a variable-frequency return fan with a fan inlet baffle air door, and the operation is stable, reliable and flexible.
Key points of the inventive concept
The high-flow low-temperature flue gas is adopted to replace the low-flow high-temperature flue gas, and the design area allowance of the heat exchange surface is enlarged; the temperature range of the working flue gas of the heat exchange surface is converted into a low-temperature region from a high-temperature region, so that high-temperature corrosion is reduced, and the service life of the heat exchange surface of the superheater is prolonged.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a reheat flue gas return-flow system, is applied to waste incinerator, its characterized in that includes: two sets of flue gas reflux devices;
the flue gas reflux ports of the two sets of flue gas reflux devices are symmetrically arranged on two sides of a convection heat exchange surface channel of the garbage incinerator and are both positioned on the outlet side of a reheater at the tail end of the convection heat exchange surface channel, and flue gas outflow ports are arranged at inlets of the convection heat exchange surface channel.
2. The reheat flue gas recirculation system of claim 1, wherein the flue gas recirculation ports of both sets of flue gas recirculation apparatus are located at a middle upper portion of the convective heat exchange surface channel.
3. The reheat flue gas recirculation system of claim 1, wherein flue gas outflow ports of two sets of the flue gas recirculation apparatus are arranged to be symmetrically distributed on both sides of the inlet of the convective heat exchange surface channel.
4. The reheat flue gas recirculation system of claim 1, wherein the flue gas recirculation apparatus comprises: the device comprises a smoke backflow suction inlet (11), a backflow fan (15), a backflow smoke collecting box (18) and a backflow smoke nozzle (19);
the flue gas backflow air suction opening (11) is arranged on one side of the convection heat exchange surface channel, is positioned on the outlet side of a reheater at the tail end of the convection heat exchange surface channel and is used as the flue gas backflow opening; the return flue gas collection header (18) is arranged on one side of the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface channel; the inlet of the backflow fan (15) is connected to the smoke backflow suction inlet (11), and the outlet of the backflow fan is connected to the inlet of the backflow smoke collecting box (18); the backflow flue gas nozzle (19) is arranged on the wall of the backflow flue gas collecting header (18) and faces the inlet of the convection heat exchange surface channel, and the outlet of the backflow flue gas nozzle (19) serves as the flue gas outlet.
5. The reheat flue gas recirculation system in accordance with claim 4, wherein the number of the return flue gas nozzles (19) is plural and is uniformly distributed from top to bottom along the wall of the return flue gas collecting header (18).
6. The reheat flue gas recirculation system of claim 4, wherein the flue gas recirculation apparatus further includes a cyclone (13) and a cyclone ash tube (20);
the inlet of the cyclone separator (13) is connected with the smoke backflow suction inlet (11), and the air outlet is connected with the inlet of the backflow fan (15); an ash inlet of the cyclone separator ash falling pipe (20) is connected to an ash outlet of the cyclone separator (13), and the ash outlet is arranged in an ash hopper below the convection heat exchange surface channel heat exchanger.
7. The reheat flue gas recirculation system of claim 4, wherein the flue gas recirculation apparatus further includes a fan inlet damper (14);
the fan inlet damper (14) is disposed at the inlet of the return fan (15).
8. The reheat flue gas recirculation system of claim 4, wherein the flue gas recirculation apparatus further includes a second recirculation duct (27) and a flue gas isolation valve (17);
the first end of the second return pipeline (27) is connected to the outlet of the return fan (15), and the second end of the second return pipeline is connected to the inlet of the return flue gas collecting box (18); the smoke isolating valve (17) is arranged on the second return pipeline (27) and is a double-layer sealing valve.
9. The reheat flue gas recirculation system of claim 8, wherein the flue gas recirculation apparatus further includes a flue gas check valve (16);
the flue gas check valve (16) is arranged in the second return pipeline (27) and is positioned between the flue gas isolation valve (17) and the second end of the second return pipeline (27).
10. A waste incinerator further comprising a reheat flue gas recirculation system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| CN114251664B (en) | 2023-12-22 |
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