CN114250465B - Heat treatment method for improving hardness of cutting edge of laser cladding cutter - Google Patents

Heat treatment method for improving hardness of cutting edge of laser cladding cutter Download PDF

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CN114250465B
CN114250465B CN202111607819.0A CN202111607819A CN114250465B CN 114250465 B CN114250465 B CN 114250465B CN 202111607819 A CN202111607819 A CN 202111607819A CN 114250465 B CN114250465 B CN 114250465B
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hardness
cladding
cladding layer
cutter
heat treatment
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CN114250465A (en
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王学林
尚成嘉
谢振家
栗子林
郭福建
袁胜福
刘文乐
张瑞华
邱桥
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Yangjiang Alloy Material Laboratory
Yangjiang Metal Scissors Industrial Technology Research Institute
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Yangjiang Alloy Material Laboratory
Yangjiang Metal Scissors Industrial Technology Research Institute
University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/18—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

A heat treatment method for improving the hardness of a cutting edge of a laser cladding cutter belongs to the field of metal materials. The cutter made of laser cladding 9Cr18Mo powder is heated to an FCC + M23C6+ M7C3 phase region for annealing, the heat preservation time is 30-60min, then an oil quenching cooling mode is adopted to cool the cutter to room temperature, and the Cr23C6 is promoted to precipitate to adjust the matrix components (reduce the nickel equivalent and the chromium equivalent) so as to induce martensite phase transformation, so that the hardness of a cladding layer is improved from 400HV to 700 HV. In addition, the further cryogenic treatment can refine the retained austenite, improve the martensite content and improve the hardness of the cladding layer again. The method can change the microstructure type and content of the cladding layer, reduce the content of soft-state tissues, ensure that the cladding layer obtains high-content martensite and a certain proportion of residual austenite and carbide, obviously improve the hardness of the cladding layer, and ensure the toughness of the blade by the residual austenite with a certain content. The invention has simple process, low cost and strong practicability; the adopted method can improve the blade hardness of the 9Cr18Mo powder cladding cutter from 400HV to 700 HV.

Description

Heat treatment method for improving hardness of cutting edge of laser cladding cutter
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and relates to a heat treatment method for improving the hardness of a cutting edge of a laser cladding cutter. By adopting the method, the hardness of the cutting edge of the laser cladding powder cutter can be improved from 400HV to 700 HV.
Background introduction
Aiming at the problems of low hardness, poor wear resistance, short service life and the like of the traditional household stainless steel kitchen knife such as 3Cr13, 3Cr14 or 4Cr13 and the like, the cutting edge of the kitchen knife can be treated by adopting a laser cladding technology, so that the performance of the kitchen knife is improved. The method adopts alloy powder with high carbon content, and the powder is cladded to the blade by a laser cladding technology, so that a powder cladding layer with the width of about 2-3mm is formed, and the hardness of the powder cladding layer is generally higher than that of a stainless steel blade body. However, researches show that the hardness of the cutting edge of the laser cladding cutter with low carbon content (prepared by cladding 3Cr14 and 4Cr13 powder) can reach 600-700HV, and the defects are that the saline water corrosion resistance is required to be improved, the traditional solution treatment and tempering treatment can not eliminate the network carbide precipitated by eutectic of a cladding layer, the Cr equivalent of the cutting edge substrate is insufficient, and the corrosion resistance can not be improved. For this reason, higher alloy powders are used to prepare high-end laser cladding knives. With the application of high alloy powder, the corrosion resistance is improved, but the hardness of the cladding layer is reduced remarkably, and the current research on the field is rarely reported. Therefore, the technology develops a heat treatment process to improve the hardness of the high-carbon alloy cladding layer under the condition of determining the mechanism that the hardness of the high-carbon powder cladding cutter is insufficient, so that the good corrosion resistance and the high hardness of the cutting edge are ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat treatment method for improving the hardness of a cutting edge of a laser cladding cutter, and aims to solve the key technical problem of changing the problem of insufficient hardness of a high-carbon powder cladding cutter. By adopting the heat treatment process provided by the invention, the hardness of the 9Cr18Mo powder laser cladding layer can be increased from 400HV to 700HV, and meanwhile, the further cryogenic treatment can increase the hardness of the cladding layer by 50HV to 750HV again. The laser cladding cutter body is made of 3Cr14 and 4Cr13 martensitic stainless steel with different thicknesses, the cladding layer is made of 9Cr18Mo powder through laser cladding, and the specific preparation process is shown in figure 1. Firstly, performing hardness test on a cladding layer which is not subjected to heat treatment, further performing hardness test on the cladding layer which is subjected to heat treatment and subzero treatment, and determining the mechanism of improving the hardness of the cladding layer through microstructure characterization of the cladding layer.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: provides a heat treatment method for improving the hardness of the cutting edge of the laser cladding cutter, and develops a key heat treatment process for improving the insufficient hardness of the cutting edge of the laser cladding cutter.
The heat treatment method for improving the hardness of the cutting edge of the laser cladding cutter is characterized by comprising the steps of further heat treatment and further cryogenic treatment, wherein the hardness of a 9Cr18Mo cladding layer obtained through the heat treatment can be improved from 400HV to 700 HV; wherein the 9Cr18Mo powder component is controlled as C: 0.95-1.15 wt%, Si: 0.5 to 0.8 wt%, Mn: 0.8-1.0 wt%, Cr: 16-18 wt%, Mo: 0.5-0.7 wt%, Ni: 0.1-0.2 wt%, and the balance Fe.
Further, the preparation steps of the further heat treatment are as follows:
step 1: performing powder cladding of 9Cr18Mo on a cutting edge of a cutter blank sample made of a martensitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of 1.5-3.0mm and 3Cr14 or 4Cr13 by a laser cladding method;
step 2: heating the cladding cutter sample obtained in the step 1 to an FCC + M23C6+ M7C3 phase region for annealing treatment, wherein the annealing time is 30-60min, then cooling the cladding cutter sample to room temperature by oil, regulating the nickel equivalent and the carbon equivalent of a cladding layer by inducing M23C6 to precipitate, promoting the formation of martensite, improving the hardness, and increasing the hardness of the cladding layer to above 700 HV.
And further, the further subzero treatment process is to further carry out liquid nitrogen subzero treatment on the heat treatment sample after the annealing treatment in the step 2, the heat preservation time is 60-120min, the further martensite transformation of coarse retained austenite is promoted, the retained austenite is refined, the martensite content is improved, the hardness of the cladding layer is improved, and meanwhile, the certain toughness of the cladding layer is guaranteed, and the hardness of the cladding layer can reach more than 750 HV.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the traditional low-carbon alloy powder cladding, the corrosion resistance of the laser cladding by adopting the high-carbon alloy powder is obviously improved, and the problem of corrosion which cannot be solved by a low-carbon alloy powder cladding layer is solved.
(2) The aim of preparing the cutter with high performance and low manufacturing cost can be achieved by cladding 9Cr18Mo to the position of a 3Cr14 or 4Cr13 cutting edge.
(3) Because an austenite structure is formed after cladding of 9Cr18Mo, the tempering heat treatment adopted by the traditional cladding cutter cannot improve the hardness of the cutting edge, and the annealing process is designed based on the M23C6 and M7C3 precipitation regulation and control principle. The 9Cr18Mo cladding layer is heated to the FCC + M23C6+ M7C3 phase region, the carbon content in the matrix austenite is reduced by inducing the precipitation of M23C6, and then martensite phase transformation is induced, and meanwhile, based on an alloy design system with higher cladding layer, the Cr equivalent of the matrix of the cladding layer can still be ensured to be higher than 13 after the martensite is induced, so that the hardness of the cladding layer is finally improved to be more than 700HV, and higher corrosion resistance is ensured.
(4) The cryogenic treatment can induce the residual blocky unstable austenite of the cladding layer to generate martensite transformation again, so that the martensite content is improved, the size of the residual austenite is reduced, the thermal stability is improved, high hardness is provided for the cutting edge, meanwhile, moderate toughness is ensured, and the comprehensive performance of the cutting tool is improved.
The invention is characterized in that: the heat treatment process design is skillfully adopted by adopting the carbide regulation and control technical principle, and the hardness of the cutting edge of the laser cladding cutter is improved. By reasonably designing annealing treatment process parameters, the cladding austenite precipitates M23C6 carbide to adjust a matrix alloy component system, so that the formation of martensite is promoted to improve the hardness. The heat treatment process provided by the invention is simple, low in manufacturing cost and easy to be adopted in mass production.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a laser cladding knife sample obtained in step 1 and a laser cladding process in example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the results of the hardness test of the cladding layer before and after the heat treatment in step 2 and after the deep cooling in example 1.
FIG. 3 shows the microstructure of the cladding layer after step 2 in example 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a small part of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1) The 2.5 mm-thick 3Cr14 martensitic stainless steel is used as a cutter base material, and 9Cr18Mo powder is cladded at the position of a 3Cr14 blade by the process of FIG. 1 to form an alloy cladding layer with the width of 2.5 mm. 2) Heating the cladding sample to 20 ℃ above the FCC + M23C6+ M7C3 temperature line, preserving the temperature for 30min, carrying out oil quenching to room temperature, and increasing the hardness of the cladding from 400HV to 700 HV. 3) And further carrying out liquid nitrogen cryogenic treatment on the sample in the step 2) for 90min, and further increasing the hardness of the cladding layer to 750HV, such as the hardness change of the cladding layer area in FIG. 2. 4) FIG. 3 shows three state structure changes of cladding state, annealing state and annealing and cryogenic treatment, the cladding layer structure in the cladding state is an austenite matrix and intergranular M7C3, and the hardness is only 400 HV; a large amount of M23C6 is precipitated by cladding after annealing, the matrix austenite generates martensite phase transformation to form a mixed structure of martensite + massive retained austenite + M23C6+ M7C3, and the hardness is improved to 700 HV; after further cryogenic treatment, the massive residual austenite is further decomposed and refined, the martensite content is improved, and the hardness is improved to 750 HV.
Example 2
1) The martensitic stainless steel 4Cr13 with the thickness of 3.0mm is used as a cutter base material, and 9Cr18Mo powder is clad at the position of a 4Cr13 blade by the process of figure 1 to form an alloy cladding layer with the width of 2.7 mm. 2) Heating the cladding sample to 10 ℃ above the FCC + M23C6+ M7C3 temperature line, preserving the temperature for 60min, carrying out oil quenching to room temperature, and increasing the hardness of the cladding from 410HV to 700 HV. 3) And further carrying out liquid nitrogen cryogenic treatment on the sample in the step 2) for 60min, and further increasing the hardness of the cladding layer to 755 HV.
Example 3
1) The 1.5 mm-thick 3Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is used as a cutter base material, and 9Cr18Mo powder is cladded at the position of a 3Cr13 blade by the process of FIG. 1 to form an alloy cladding layer with the width of 2.3 mm. 2) Heating the cladding sample to 20 ℃ above the FCC + M23C6+ M7C3 temperature line, preserving the temperature for 30min, carrying out oil quenching to room temperature, and increasing the hardness of the cladding from 400HV to 705 HV. 3) And further performing liquid nitrogen cryogenic treatment on the sample in the step 2) for 120min, and further increasing the hardness of the cladding layer to 760 HV.

Claims (1)

1. The heat treatment method for improving the hardness of the cutting edge of the laser cladding cutter is characterized by comprising the steps of further heat treatment and further cryogenic treatment, wherein the hardness of a 9Cr18Mo cladding layer obtained through the heat treatment can be improved from 400HV to 700 HV; wherein the 9Cr18Mo powder component is controlled as C: 0.95-1.15 wt%, Si: 0.5-0.8 wt%, Mn: 0.8-1.0 wt%, Cr: 16-18 wt%, Mo: 0.5-0.7 wt%, Ni: 0.1-0.2 wt%, and the balance of Fe;
the one-step heat treatment preparation steps are as follows:
step 1: performing powder cladding of 9Cr18Mo on the cutting edge of a cutter blank sample made of a martensitic stainless steel plate with the thickness of 1.5-3.0mm and 3Cr14 or 4Cr13 by adopting a laser cladding method;
step 2: heating the cladding cutter sample obtained in the step 1 to an FCC + M23C6+ M7C3 phase region for annealing treatment, wherein the annealing time is 30-60min, then cooling the cladding cutter sample to room temperature by oil, adjusting the nickel equivalent and the carbon equivalent of a cladding layer by inducing M23C6 to be separated out, promoting the formation of martensite, improving the hardness, and increasing the hardness of the cladding layer to above 700 HV;
and in the further subzero treatment process, the heat treatment sample after annealing treatment in the step 2 is further subjected to liquid nitrogen subzero treatment, the heat preservation time is 60-120min, the coarse retained austenite is promoted to further generate martensite transformation, the retained austenite is refined, the martensite content is increased, the hardness of the cladding layer is increased, and meanwhile, certain toughness of the cladding layer is guaranteed.
CN202111607819.0A 2021-12-15 2021-12-15 Heat treatment method for improving hardness of cutting edge of laser cladding cutter Active CN114250465B (en)

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CN100363524C (en) * 2005-03-17 2008-01-23 上海材料研究所 Anticorrosion and antiwear martensitic stainless steel and its production method and use
CN101905420A (en) * 2009-06-04 2010-12-08 台州市百达制冷有限公司 Method for manufacturing special sliders for rotary compressors by adopting 9Cr18 or 9Cr18Mo stainless steel
US8882942B2 (en) * 2010-07-09 2014-11-11 Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Ni-added steel plate and method of manufacturing the same
CN107949653B (en) * 2015-09-08 2021-04-13 思高博塔公司 Non-magnetic strong carbide forming alloys for powder manufacture
CN106567002A (en) * 2016-11-15 2017-04-19 上海大学 Medical osteotome for mandible plastic surgery and preparation method thereof
CN112048657A (en) * 2020-08-07 2020-12-08 杭州巨星科技股份有限公司 Impact-resistant wear-resistant cutting edge alloy, cutting edge part and application

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