CN114248616A - 混合动力系统及其控制方法、车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力系统及其控制方法、车辆 Download PDF

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CN114248616A
CN114248616A CN202011027263.3A CN202011027263A CN114248616A CN 114248616 A CN114248616 A CN 114248616A CN 202011027263 A CN202011027263 A CN 202011027263A CN 114248616 A CN114248616 A CN 114248616A
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engine
motor
state
gear
generator
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郑海峰
严二冬
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Beijing Treasure Car Co Ltd
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Beijing Treasure Car Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

本公开涉及一种混合动力系统及其控制方法、车辆,该混合动力系统包括发动机、多组变速件、多个离合器、电池包、电动机,所述多组变速件中的每组所述变速件的传动比不同,所述发动机的输出轴分别与所述多组变速件的输入侧相连,所述多组变速件的输出侧与车轮传动相连,其中,所述多组变速件中的每组变速件均设置有所述离合器,以控制所述变速件的啮合与分离,所述电池包与所述电动机电连接,所述电动机的输出轴与所述车轮传动相连。该混合动力系统能够根据发动机的负荷、车辆行驶的路况以及行驶速度等因素,可以选择不同的变速件以传动连接发动机和车轮,以优化发动机的动力输出,保证整车能源经济性。

Description

混合动力系统及其控制方法、车辆
技术领域
本公开涉及车辆技术领域,具体地,涉及一种混合动力系统及其控制方法、车辆。
背景技术
现有的混动车型的动力耦合箱基本采用P13结构的混动系统,该混动系统通过离合器来实现混动车的纯电模式、串联模式和并联模式的相互切换。该离合器主要布置在发动机和发电机之间,用于控制发电机介入动力驱动,当离合器闭合时,动力驱动进入并联模式,此时整车的动力驱动由电动机和发动机共同提供,当车辆在高速行驶时,例如120km/h,发动机的转速在2000rpm~2500rpm最合理,此时,发动机转速与车速之间的比约为2.26~2.82,而在此比值区间内,会导致系统进入并联模式的车速太高,对整车的动力性和经济性造成影响。
发明内容
本公开的目的是提供一种混合动力系统及其控制方法、车辆,该混合动力系统能够优化发动机的动力输出,提高整车的动力性。
为了实现上述目的,本公开提供一种混合动力系统,所述混合动力系统包括发动机、多组变速件、多个离合器、电池包、电动机,所述多组变速件中的每组所述变速件的传动比不同,所述发动机的输出轴分别与所述多组变速件的输入侧相连,所述多组变速件的输出侧与车轮传动相连,其中,所述多组变速件中的每组所述变速件均设置有所述离合器,以控制所述变速件的啮合与分离,所述电池包与所述电动机电连接,所述电动机的输出轴与所述车轮传动相连。
可选地,所述变速件包括具有不同传动比的第一组变速齿轮副和第二组变速齿轮副,所述第一组变速齿轮副包括第一大齿轮和第一小齿轮,所述第二组变速齿轮副包括第二大齿轮、第二小齿轮和传动轴,所述第一小齿轮和所述第二小齿轮均与所述发动机的输出轴同轴相连,所述第一大齿轮和所述第二大齿轮设置在所述传动轴上,并且,所述第一大齿轮与所述第一小齿轮啮合,所述第二大齿轮与所述第二小齿轮啮合。
可选地,所述离合器包括第一离合器和第二离合器,所述第一离合器与所述第一大齿轮相连,所述第二离合器与所述第二小齿轮相连。
可选地,所述第一大齿轮与所述第一小齿轮的传动比范围为2~4之间,所述第二大齿轮与所述第二小齿轮3~6之间。
可选地,所述混合动力系统还包括减速机,所述减速机包括首级减速齿轮副、中间级减速齿轮副和末级减速齿轮副,所述首级减速齿轮副包括彼此啮合的首级大齿轮和首级小齿轮,所述末级减速齿轮副包括彼此啮合的末级大齿轮和末级小齿轮,所述首级大齿轮与所述电动机的输出轴相连,所述首级小齿轮与所述中间级减速齿轮副相连,所述中间级减速齿轮副与所述末级大齿轮相连,所述末级小齿轮与所述车轮相连。
可选地,所述混合动力系统还包括发电机,所述发电机包括主体和输入齿轮,所述输入齿轮固定在所述主体的输入轴上,并且与所述发动机的输出端传动相连,所述发电机的主体与所述电池包和/或所述电动机电连接。
本公开的另一方面还提供一种混合动力系统的控制方法,所述方法应用于如上所述的混合动力系统,包括:
获取驾驶员的操作指令;
基于所述驾驶员的操作指令控制所述多组变速件的对应的离合器分离或接合,以及控制所述发动机和所述电动机启动或停止,以使所述混合动力系统在多种工作模式下切换。
可选地,所述混合动力系统还包括发电机,所述发电机与所述发动机传动相连,并与所述电池包和/或所述电动机电连接;所述工作模式包括纯电模式、串联模式、并联模式,其中,
在所述纯电模式下,所述发动机处于停止状态,并且多个所述离合器均处于分离状态,所述电池包为所述电动机提供电能,所述电动机驱动所述车轮转动;
在所述串联模式下,所述发动机处于启动状态并带动所述发电机运行,所述发电机将所述电能输送至所述电池包和/或所述电动机,多个所述离合器均处于分离状态,所述电池包为所述电动机提供电能,所述电动机驱动所述车轮转动;
在所述并联模式下,所述发动机处于启动状态,所述多组变速件中的其中一个离合器处于接合状态,其余离合器处于分离状态。
可选地,在所述并联模式下,所述电动机包括第一状态和第二状态,
当车辆处于高负荷时,所述电池包向所述电动机供电,所述电动机切换为所述第一状态,所述电动机为所述车轮提供驱动力,当车辆处于高速状态时,所述电池包停止向所述电动机供电,所述电动机切换为所述第二状态,所述电动机空转;所述发电机包括第三状态和第四状态,当车辆处于高负荷时,所述发电机切换为所述第三状态,所述发动机带动所述发电机产生电能,当车辆处于高速状态时,所述发电机切换为所述第四状态,所述发电机空转。
本公开的又一方面还提供一种车辆,所述车辆包括如上所述的混合动力系统。
通过上述技术方案,本公开实施例的混合动力系统通过多组变速件以调节发动机的输出转速,当混合动力系统在进入并联模式时,根据发动机的负荷、车辆行驶的路况以及行驶速度等因素,可以选择不同的变速件以传动连接发动机和车轮,以优化发动机的动力输出,保证整车能源经济性;例如,可以通过低传动比的变速件调节发动机的输出到车轮的转速,提高车辆的NVH性能;再例如,同样的发动机转速下,选择的传动比越大,则对应的车速越小,因此该系统可以通过选择大传动比档位来解决发动机介入太晚的问题,提高车辆的动力性和经济性。
本公开的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本公开的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本公开,但并不构成对本公开的限制。在附图中:
图1是本公开实施例中的混合动力系统的结构示意图;
图2是本公开实施例中的混合动力系统的结构示意图,其中示出了纯电模式的能量传递路径;
图3是本公开实施例中的混合动力系统的结构示意图,其中示出了串联模式的能量传递路径;
图4是本公开实施例中的混合动力系统的结构示意图,其中示出了第一并联模式的能量传递路径;
图5是本公开实施例中的混合动力系统的结构示意图,其中示出了第二并联模式的能量传递路径。
附图标记说明
1、发动机;2、电池包;3、电动机;4、发电机;41、输入齿轮;5、第一组变速齿轮副;51、第一大齿轮;52、第一小齿轮;6、第二组变速齿轮副;61、第二大齿轮;62、第二小齿轮;71、第一离合器;72、第二离合器;81、首级大齿轮;82、首级小齿轮;91、末级大齿轮;92、末级小齿轮;10、车轮;11、线缆;12、发动机的输出轴;13、传动轴。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本公开,并不用于限制本公开。
在本公开中,在未作相反说明的情况下,所使用的术语如“第一”“第二”等是为了区别一个要素和另一个要素,不具有顺序性和重要性。另外,在参考附图的描述中,不同附图中的同一标记表示相同的要素。
在相关技术中,本申请的发明人发现,造成混动车辆的发动机介入太晚,整车动力受限的根本原因在于,发动机通过单一速比的传动系与车轮传动相连,使发动机的输出转速不可调节,导致在进入并联模式时介入太晚。
基于此,本公开实施例提供一种混合动力系统,如图1至图5所示,混合动力系统包括发动机1、多组变速件、多个离合器、电池包2和电动机3,多组变速件中的每组变速件的传动比不同,发动机1的输出轴12与多组变速件的输入侧相连,多组变速件的输出侧与车轮10传动相连,其中,多组变速件中的每组变速件均设置有离合器,以控制变速件的啮合与分离,电池包2与电动机3电连接,电动机3的输出轴与车轮10传动相连。
通过上述技术方案,本公开实施例的混合动力系统通过多组变速件以调节发动机1的输出转速,当混合动力系统在进入并联模式时,根据发动机1的负荷、车辆行驶的路况以及行驶速度等因素,可以选择不同的变速件以传动连接发动机1和车轮10,以优化发动机1的动力输出,保证整车能源经济性;例如,可以通过低传动比的变速件调节发动机1的输出到车轮10的转速,提高车辆的动力性和噪声、振动与声振粗糙度(Noise、Vibration、Harshness,NVH)性能;再例如,同样的发动机转速下,选择的传动比越大,则对应的车速越小,因此该系统可以通过选择大传动比档位来解决发动机介入太晚的问题,提高车辆的动力性和经济性。
在本公开实施例中,如图1和图3所示,混合动力系统还可以包括发电机4,发电机4包括主体和输入齿轮41,输入齿轮41固定在主体的输入轴上,并且与发动机1的输出端传动相连,发电机4的主体与电池包2和/或电动机3电连接。当发动机1启动时,带动输入齿轮41旋转,输入齿轮41带动发电机4的输入轴转动,使发电机4将发动机1的机械能转换为电能,并通过线缆11将电能输送至电池包2和/或电动机3以存储或供电(串联模式)。并且通过发电机4能够更加合理的利用发动机1的机械能,例如,发动机1产生的机械能若大于驱动车轮10所需的机械能,则可以通过发电机4分担一部分能量并转换为电能进行存储(并联模式)。
在本公开实施例中的混合动力系统包括多组变速件,以调节发动机1的输出到车轮10的转速,多组变速件可以通过任意合适的能够变速的组件,例如行星轮系、齿轮传动系等,本公开对此不作限制。这里,在本公开的一种示例中,如图4和图5所示,变速件包括具有不同传动比的第一组变速齿轮副5和第二组变速齿轮副6,第一组变速齿轮副5包括第一大齿轮51和第一小齿轮52,第二组变速齿轮副6包括第二大齿轮61、第二小齿轮62和传动轴13,第一小齿轮52和第二小齿轮62均与发动机1的输出轴12同轴相连,第一大齿轮51和第二大齿轮61设置在传动轴13上,并且,第一大齿轮51与第一小齿轮52啮合,第二大齿轮61与第二小齿轮62啮合。由于第一组变速齿轮副5和第二组变速齿轮副6具有不同的传动比,因此在以不同的变速齿轮副作为发动机1和车轮10之间的传动系时,能够使发动机1的工作点得以优化,即发动机的转速和扭矩能够得到优化,既能满足整车的经济性,又能满足车轮10驱动的动力要求。此外,上述两组变速齿轮副的结构简单、成本低,并能实现发动机1多种输出转速的需求。
相应地,为了实现上述两组变速齿轮副的切换,离合器包括第一离合器71和第二离合器72,第一离合器71与第一大齿轮51相连,第二离合器72与第二小齿轮62相连。这样,通过第一离合器71控制第一大齿轮51与传动轴13之间的分离和接合,通过第二离合器72控制第二小齿轮62与发动机1的输出轴12之间的分离和接合,当第一离合器71和第二离合器72均处于分离状态时,发动机1的输出轴12不向第一小齿轮52和第二小齿轮62传递扭矩,这样发动机1的动力仅传输至发电机4;当第一离合器71处于分离状态,第二离合器72处于接合状态时,第一大齿轮51和传动轴13之间不传递扭矩,第二小齿轮62和发动机1的输出轴12之间传递扭矩,发动机1的输出轴12通过第一小齿轮52带动第一大齿轮51空转,同时该输出轴12带动第二小齿轮62转动,第二小齿轮62带动第二大齿轮61转动,第二大齿轮61带动轮胎转动;当第一离合器71处于接合状态,第二离合器72处于分离状态时,第一大齿轮51和传动轴13之间传递扭矩,第二小齿轮62和发动机1的输出轴12之间不传递扭矩,发动机1的输出轴12带动第一小齿轮52转动,第一小齿轮52带动第一大齿轮51转动,第一大齿轮51带动第二大齿轮61转动,第二大齿轮61带动轮胎转动,同时,第二大齿轮61带动第二小齿轮62空转。这样,则可以通过上述第一离合器71和第二离合器72在不同传动比的变速齿轮副之间切换,并可以具有多种工作模式,使得发动机1的驱动更加灵活多变。
在本公开的一种示例中,第一组变速齿轮副5可以为低传动比变速齿轮副,第二组变速齿轮副6可以为高传动比变速齿轮副,例如,第一大齿轮51与第一小齿轮52的传动比范围可以为2~4之间,第二大齿轮61与第二小齿轮62的传动比范围可以为3~6之间,并且优选地,第一大齿轮51与第一小齿轮52的传动比范围可以为2~3之间,第二大齿轮61与第二小齿轮62的传动比范围可以为3~5之间。在该数值范围内,发动机1即可满足车辆在高速行驶、低速高负荷等各种工况下的动力需求。这里应注意的是,第一组变速齿轮副5和第二组变速齿轮副6之间的传动比之差不宜过大,以提高不同档位之间切换的平顺性。
此外,在本公开的一种示例中,发电机4的输入齿轮41可以和第一组变速齿轮副5的第一小齿轮52啮合,以减少传动系中齿轮的数量,使得结构更简化,利于整车的低成本和轻量化。
在一般情况下,电动机3的转速和车轮10的转速差距较大,因此,如图1至图5所示,混合动力系统还包括减速机,减速机包括首级减速齿轮副、中间级减速齿轮副和末级减速齿轮副,首级减速齿轮副包括彼此啮合的首级大齿轮81和首级小齿轮82,末级减速齿轮副包括彼此啮合的末级大齿轮91和末级小齿轮92,首级大齿轮81与电动机3的输出轴相连,首级小齿轮82与中间级减速齿轮副相连,中间级减速齿轮副与末级大齿轮91相连,末级小齿轮92与车轮10相连。这里,减速机的齿轮副的级数可以根据实际需求设置,本公开对此不作限制。通过减速机能够降低传动至车轮10的转速,以使电动机3和车轮10转速适配。
在本公开的一种示例中,减速机可以仅包括两级减速齿轮副,如图1所示,减速机只包括首级减速齿轮副和末级减速齿轮副,其中,首级小齿轮82与与末级大齿轮91同轴相连,以实现减速需求。
上面介绍了本公开的混合动力系统的各个组件和布置方式,在下文中,将结合附图1至图5详细阐述本公开实施例中的混合动力系统的示例性控制方法,具体如下。
首先,本公开的混合动力系统的获取驾驶员的操作指令,例如,驾驶员根据路况调节车速的操作指令,或根据爬坡等高负荷路况需要启动发动机1等操作指令,但不仅限于此。
然后,基于驾驶员的操作指令控制多组变速件的对应的离合器分离或接合,以及控制发动机1和电动机3启动或停止,以使混合动力系统在多种工作模式下切换。这里控制离合器、发动机1、电动机3等组件可以通过驾驶室的操作按钮或操作杆等结构手动控制,也可以通过控制器在获取驾驶员的操作指令后自动控制,本公开对此不作限制。
上述工作模式主要包括:纯电模式、串联模式、并联模式。下面将结合附图2至图5详细介绍各个模式。
当整车处于低速低负荷时,可以启动纯电模式,如图2所示,这时发动机1处于停止状态,并且多个离合器均处于分离状态,电池包2为电动机3提供电能,电动机3驱动车轮10转动;根据上述混合动力系统的结构,此时能量的传递路径为:电池包2传递电能给电动机3,电动机3驱动减速机的首级大齿轮81转动,首级大齿轮81带动首级小齿轮82转动,首级小齿轮82带动末级大齿轮91转动,末级大齿轮91带动末级小齿轮92转动,末级小齿轮92驱动车轮10转动。
当整车处于低速低负荷时,并且电池包2的电量不足时,可以启动串联模式,如图3所示,这时发动机1处于启动状态并带动发电机4运行,发电机4将电能输送至电池包2和/或电动机3,多个离合器均处于分离状态,电池包2为电动机3提供电能,电动机3驱动车轮10转动;根据上述混合动力系统的结构,此时能量的传递路径为:发动机1带动发电机4的输入齿轮41转动,输入齿轮41带动发电机4运行并产生电能,电能通过线缆11传输至电池包2或电动机3,电池包2同时也传递电能给电动机3,电动机3驱动减速机的首级大齿轮81转动,首级大齿轮81带动首级小齿轮82转动,首级小齿轮82带动末级大齿轮91转动,末级大齿轮91带动末级小齿轮92转动,末级小齿轮92驱动车轮10转动。
当整车处于高速状态、或处于高负荷状态时,这时需要发动机1介入以向车轮10提供动力,可以启动并联模式,这时发动机1处于启动状态,多组变速件中的其中一个离合器处于接合状态,其余离合器处于分离状态。
根据上述混合动力系统的结构,以具有两组变速齿轮副的实施方式为例,在并联模式下,根据车辆不同的工况,还可以包括多种工作模式,例如,第一离合器71和第二离合器72的分离和接合状态可以有多种组合方式,以具有第一并联模式和第二并联模式,具体如下:
当车辆处于高速状态时,这时为了利用发动机1低传动比的第一变速齿轮副,可以启动第一并联模式,如图4所示,第一离合器71可以闭合,第二离合器72可以打开,此时发动机1的输出轴12驱动第一小齿轮52转动,第一小齿轮52带动第一大齿轮51转动,第一大齿轮51带动第二大齿轮61转动,第二大齿轮61带动减速机的首级小齿轮82转动,首级小齿轮82带动末级大齿轮91转动,末级大齿轮91带动末级小齿轮92转动,末级小齿轮92驱动车轮10转动。通过低传动比的第二变速齿轮副能够在车辆高速时调整发动机1的转速,使发动机1无需太高的转速,提高整车的NVH性能。
当车辆处于高负荷时,这时为了利用发动机1高传动比的第二变速齿轮副,可以启动第二并联模式,如图5所示,第一离合器71可以打开,第二离合器72可以闭合,此时发动机1的输出轴12驱动第二小齿轮62转动,第二小齿轮62带动第二大齿轮61转动,第二大齿轮61带动减速机的首级小齿轮82转动,首级小齿轮82带动末级大齿轮91转动,末级大齿轮91带动末级小齿轮92转动,末级小齿轮92驱动车轮10转动。通过高传动比的第二变速齿轮副能够解决发动机1介入太晚的问题,提高整车的动力性。
此外,在并联模式下,电动机3包括第一状态和第二状态,当车辆处于高负荷时,电池包2向电动机3供电,电动机3切换为第一状态,电动机3为车轮10提供驱动力,也就是说,当前状态下,发动机1和电动机3同时向车轮10提供驱动力;当车辆处于高速状态时,电池包2停止向电动机3供电,电动机3切换为第二状态,电动机3空转,此时仅通过发动机1向车轮提供动力,电动机3被首级大齿轮81带动空转;
此外,发电机4包括第三状态和第四状态,当车辆处于高负荷时,发电机4启动,即发电机4切换为第三状态,发动机1带动发电机4产生电能,用于为电池包2供电;当车辆处于高速状态时,发电机4停止,此时发电机4切换为第四状态,发电机4空转,即发电机4的输入轴在第一小齿轮52的带动下空转,此时发电机4不产生电能。根据离合器、发电机4、电动机3的不同状态,这里的不同状态可以根据需要和上述串联模式、第一并联模式和第二并联模式进行任意排列组合,本公开在此不一一例举。
本公开的另一实施例还提供一种车辆,该车辆包括如上所述的混合动力系统。
以上结合附图详细描述了本公开的优选实施方式,但是,本公开并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节,在本公开的技术构思范围内,可以对本公开的技术方案进行多种简单变型,这些简单变型均属于本公开的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是,在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征,在不矛盾的情况下,可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复,本公开对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外,本公开的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合,只要其不违背本公开的思想,其同样应当视为本公开所公开的内容。

Claims (10)

1.一种混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述混合动力系统包括发动机(1)、多组变速件、多个离合器、电池包(2)、电动机(3),所述多组变速件中的每组所述变速件的传动比不同,所述发动机(1)的输出轴(12)分别与所述多组变速件的输入侧相连,所述多组变速件的输出侧与车轮(10)传动相连,其中,所述多组变速件中的每组所述变速件均设置有所述离合器,以控制所述变速件的啮合与分离,所述电池包(2)与所述电动机(3)电连接,所述电动机(3)的输出轴与所述车轮(10)传动相连。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述变速件包括具有不同传动比的第一组变速齿轮副(5)和第二组变速齿轮副(6),所述第一组变速齿轮副(5)包括第一大齿轮(51)和第一小齿轮(52),所述第二组变速齿轮副(6)包括第二大齿轮(61)、第二小齿轮(62)和传动轴(13),所述第一小齿轮(52)和所述第二小齿轮(62)均与所述发动机(1)的输出轴(12)同轴相连,所述第一大齿轮(51)和所述第二大齿轮(61)设置在所述传动轴(13)上,并且,所述第一大齿轮(51)与所述第一小齿轮(52)啮合,所述第二大齿轮(61)与所述第二小齿轮(62)啮合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述离合器包括第一离合器(71)和第二离合器(72),所述第一离合器(71)与所述第一大齿轮(51)相连,所述第二离合器(72)与所述第二小齿轮(62)相连。
4.根据权利要求2所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述第一大齿轮(51)与所述第一小齿轮(52)的传动比范围为2~4之间,所述第二大齿轮(61)与所述第二小齿轮(62)3~6之间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述混合动力系统还包括减速机,所述减速机包括首级减速齿轮副、中间级减速齿轮副和末级减速齿轮副,所述首级减速齿轮副包括彼此啮合的首级大齿轮(81)和首级小齿轮(82),所述末级减速齿轮副包括彼此啮合的末级大齿轮(91)和末级小齿轮(92),所述首级大齿轮(81)与所述电动机(3)的输出轴相连,所述首级小齿轮(82)与所述中间级减速齿轮副相连,所述中间级减速齿轮副与所述末级大齿轮(91)相连,所述末级小齿轮(92)与所述车轮(10)相连。
6.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系统,其特征在于,所述混合动力系统还包括发电机(4),所述发电机(4)包括主体和输入齿轮(41),所述输入齿轮(41)固定在所述主体的输入轴上,并且与所述发动机(1)的输出端传动相连,所述发电机(4)的主体与所述电池包(2)和/或所述电动机(3)电连接。
7.一种混合动力系统的控制方法,其特征在于,所述方法应用于如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的混合动力系统,包括:
获取驾驶员的操作指令;
基于所述驾驶员的操作指令控制所述多组变速件对应的所述离合器分离或接合,以及控制所述发动机(1)和所述电动机(3)启动或停止,以使所述混合动力系统在多种工作模式下切换。
8.根据权利要求7所述的控制方法,其特征在于,所述混合动力系统还包括发电机(4),所述发电机(4)与所述发动机(1)传动相连,并与所述电池包(2)和/或所述电动机(3)电连接;所述工作模式包括纯电模式、串联模式、并联模式,其中,
在所述纯电模式下,所述发动机(1)处于停止状态,并且多个所述离合器均处于分离状态,所述电池包(2)为所述电动机(3)提供电能,所述电动机(3)驱动所述车轮(10)转动;
在所述串联模式下,所述发动机(1)处于启动状态并带动所述发电机(4)运行,所述发电机(4)将所述电能输送至所述电池包(2)和/或所述电动机(3),多个所述离合器均处于分离状态,所述电池包(2)为所述电动机(3)提供电能,所述电动机(3)驱动所述车轮(10)转动;
在所述并联模式下,所述发动机(1)处于启动状态,所述多组变速件中的其中一个离合器处于接合状态,其余离合器处于分离状态。
9.根据权利要求8所述的控制方法,其特征在于,在所述并联模式下,所述电动机(3)包括第一状态和第二状态,
当车辆处于高负荷时,所述电池包(2)向所述电动机(3)供电,所述电动机(3)切换为所述第一状态,所述电动机(3)为所述车轮(10)提供驱动力,
当车辆处于高速状态时,所述电池包(2)停止向所述电动机(3)供电,所述电动机(3)切换为所述第二状态,所述电动机(3)空转;
所述发电机(4)包括第三状态和第四状态,
当车辆处于高负荷时,所述发电机(4)切换为所述第三状态,所述发动机(1)带动所述发电机(4)产生电能,
当车辆处于高速状态时,所述发电机(4)切换为所述第四状态,所述发电机(4)空转。
10.一种车辆,其特征在于,所述车辆包括如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的混合动力系统。
CN202011027263.3A 2020-09-25 2020-09-25 混合动力系统及其控制方法、车辆 Pending CN114248616A (zh)

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