CN114248437A - 3D printing method for continuous fiber woven body reinforced fiber composite material - Google Patents
3D printing method for continuous fiber woven body reinforced fiber composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114248437A CN114248437A CN202111473787.XA CN202111473787A CN114248437A CN 114248437 A CN114248437 A CN 114248437A CN 202111473787 A CN202111473787 A CN 202111473787A CN 114248437 A CN114248437 A CN 114248437A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
- B29C64/314—Preparation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
- B29C69/001—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore a shaping technique combined with cutting, e.g. in parts or slices combined with rearranging and joining the cut parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
- B29C69/02—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore of moulding techniques only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/12—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
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- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
Abstract
The invention provides a 3D printing method for a continuous fiber woven body reinforced fiber composite material, and belongs to the field of 3D printing material forming. According to the invention, a short fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite material is used as a matrix, a continuous fiber woven body is used as a supporting framework, the matrix material is hot-melted and injected into the supporting framework through heating, and needling Z-direction reinforcement is assisted, so that 3D printing molding of the novel fiber reinforced composite material is realized. The technology effectively increases the fiber content of the continuous fiber composite material, combines the knitting and needling processes of the textile industry with the 3D printing technology, strengthens the binding force between the continuous fiber knitted body and the thermoplastic resin by pretreating the continuous fiber knitted body, enhances the binding force between the continuous fiber knitted body and the thermoplastic resin by Z-direction needling, and can obviously improve the strength of the composite material structure. The invention effectively solves the problems of low fiber content, low structural strength, poor interlayer bonding performance and the like of the fiber 3D printing material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of 3D printing and forming, in particular to a 3D printing method for a continuous fiber woven body reinforced fiber composite material.
Background
The 3D printing technology of the fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material provides possibility for low-cost manufacture of the thermoplastic composite material, and has great application prospects in the fields of aerospace, new energy automobiles and the like. At present, only short fiber printing technology is mature in the fiber composite material 3D printing technology, but the short fiber has very limited improvement on the mechanical property of a test piece, and the continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin matrix composite material 3D printing technology is expected to realize low-cost rapid manufacturing and forming of high-performance composite materials, but still has the following problems to restrict popularization and application of the high-performance composite materials.
At present, the fiber content of a continuous fiber composite material formed by 3D printing is not high, so that the bearing capacity of the composite material is low. The fibers and the resin are heated by a nozzle and then extruded out, and then the fibers and the resin are simply stacked and formed on a platform, the bonding force of the workpiece in the Z direction is mainly determined by the bonding force among resin materials, and the fibers do not play a role in reinforcing the bonding between layers in the Z direction, so the mechanical property still depends on a resin matrix material with lower strength. The thermoplastic base material and the continuous fibers have low composite forming binding force, so that the reinforcing effect of the fibers does not reach the expected effect.
Therefore, how to change the current situation of low fiber content, low structural strength and poor interlayer bonding performance of the existing composite material becomes a problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention refers to the idea of paving reinforcing steel bars first and then pouring cement in the field of buildings, integrates the high fiber content of short fiber wires and the high structural strength of long fiber wires, combines the weaving and needling process of textile industry with the 3D printing technology, and provides a new path for solving the problems of low fiber content, low structural strength, poor interlayer bonding performance and the like of fiber 3D printing materials.
The invention provides a 3D printing method of a continuous fiber braided body reinforced fiber composite material, which comprises the following steps: the 3D printing method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of continuous fiber braid: pretreating continuous fibers, manufacturing the continuous fibers into a woven structure through a weaving process, and then impregnating the continuous fibers with molten thermoplastic resin to prepare a continuous fiber woven body;
(2) preparation of reinforced thermoplastic resin base material: preparing short fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material into felt, carrying out needling treatment on the felt, then collecting and rolling the felt into a strip shape, heating the strip-shaped felt at the temperature of 230-300 ℃ for 6-30 minutes, twisting, extruding and cooling the strip-shaped felt by an extruding device at the pressure of 6-25 MPa, and then cutting the strip-shaped felt into short fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material with proper width; the short fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material is prepared from 50-60% of short fibers according to a mass ratio; 30-50% of thermoplastic resin fiber; 0-3% of a compatilizer; 0-2% of an auxiliary agent;
(3) importing a 3D printing model;
(4) heating and melting the short fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material obtained in the step (2) by using a continuous fiber woven body reinforced fiber composite material 3D printing device, uniformly stirring, then sending into a first 3D printing nozzle, heating the continuous fiber woven body obtained in the step (1), and then sending into a second 3D printing nozzle;
(5) the printer starts to work, the second 3D printing nozzle outputs the heated continuous fiber woven body, the first 3D printing nozzle sprays the base material in a molten state and injects the base material into the output continuous fiber woven body, before the base material is not solidified, a needling mechanism is adopted to carry out Z-direction needling on the base material and the woven body, short fibers in the base body are hooked and connected, and a cross-linked structural material is formed by the short fibers and the fiber woven body;
(6) according to the operation mode of the step (5), after printing one continuous path, cutting off fibers through a cutting mechanism and moving a spray head to the starting point of the next continuous path, and repeating the operation according to the step (5) until printing is completed to obtain a required product;
(7) and carrying out post-treatment on the processed product to obtain a finished product.
Further, the continuous fiber in the step (1) is one or any combination of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, hemp fiber and basalt fiber, and the thermoplastic resin is one or any combination of PP, PEEK, PA6, PA66, ABS or PLA.
Further, the continuous fiber weaving structure in the step (1) is one or any combination of a plain weave structure, a twill structure, a satin weave structure and a three-dimensional stereo weaving structure.
Further, the pretreatment in the step (1) is one or any combination of sizing treatment, electrochemical treatment, plasma treatment, chemical treatment or oxidation treatment.
Further, the short fiber in the step (2) is one or any combination of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, hemp fiber and basalt fiber, and the thermoplastic resin is one or any combination of PP, PEEK, PA6, PA66, ABS or PLA; the compatilizer is one or any combination of a silane coupling agent or maleic anhydride; the auxiliary agent is one or any mixture of a lubricant, a dispersant or a thermal oxygen stabilizer.
Further, the 3D printing device for the continuous fiber braiding body reinforced fiber composite material in the step (4) comprises a first 3D printing nozzle, a second 3D printing nozzle, a needling mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a guide sleeve, a heating mechanism, a stirring mechanism, a cutting mechanism and a workbench which are vertically arranged, wherein the second 3D printing nozzle and the needling mechanism are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the first 3D printing nozzle, the included angle between the second 3D printing nozzle and the first 3D printing nozzle can be adjusted by a rotating mode, the base material and the knitted body enter the printing nozzle after being processed by the cutting mechanism, the guide sleeve, the feeding mechanism and the heating mechanism respectively, wherein the base material is uniformly stirred before entering the nozzle, and after the treatment of the nozzle, the base material and the woven body are subjected to Z-direction needling by adopting a needling mechanism, short fibers in the matrix are hooked together and form a cross-linked structural material product with the fiber woven body on a workbench.
Furthermore, the Z-direction needling depth of the step (5) is more than one half of the thickness of the fiber knitted body and less than the thickness of the knitted body.
Further, the 3D printing method further includes the steps of:
(1) sizing the carbon fiber, manufacturing the carbon fiber into a plain weave structure by a weaving process, and then impregnating the plain weave structure with molten PLA resin to prepare a continuous fiber woven body;
(2) according to the mass ratio: mixing raw materials of 50% of short carbon fiber, 45% of PLA resin fiber, 3% of silane coupling agent and 2% of lubricant to prepare felt, gathering the felt after needling treatment and rolling the felt into a strip shape, heating the strip-shaped felt at the temperature of 230-250 ℃ for 6-10 minutes, twisting and extruding the strip-shaped felt by extrusion equipment at the pressure of 6-10 MPa, and cutting the strip-shaped felt into short carbon fiber reinforced PLA resin base material with proper width after cooling;
(3) importing a 3D printing model;
(4) heating, melting and stirring the short carbon fiber reinforced PLA resin base material obtained in the step 2), and then sending the base material into a first 3D printing nozzle, and heating the continuous fiber woven body obtained in the step 1), and then sending the heated continuous fiber woven body into a second 3D printing nozzle;
(5) the printer starts to work, the second 3D printing nozzle outputs the heated continuous fiber woven body, the first 3D printing nozzle sprays the base material in a molten state and injects the base material into the output continuous fiber woven body, before the base material is not solidified, a needling mechanism is adopted to carry out Z-direction needling on the base material and the woven body, the needling thickness is 2/3 of the thickness of the woven body, and short fibers in the base body are hooked and connected to form a cross-linked structural material with the fiber woven body;
(6) according to the operation mode of the step (5), after one continuous printing path is printed, cutting off fibers through a cutting mechanism and moving a spray head to the starting point of the next continuous path, and repeating the operation according to the step (5) until the printing is finished to obtain a required product;
(7) and carrying out post-treatment on the processed product to obtain a finished product.
Further, the 3D printing method further includes the steps of:
(1) carrying out electrochemical treatment on aramid fibers, preparing the aramid fibers into a twill woven structure by a weaving process, and then impregnating the twill woven structure with molten PEEK resin to prepare a continuous fiber woven body;
(2) according to the mass ratio: mixing 55% of short aramid fiber, 40% of PEEK resin fiber, 3% of silane coupling agent and 2% of dispersing agent to prepare a felt, carrying out needling treatment on the felt, then collecting and rolling the felt into a strip shape, heating the strip-shaped felt at the temperature of 250-270 ℃ for 8-10 minutes, carrying out twisting extrusion through extrusion equipment under the pressure of 9-13 MPa, and cutting the strip-shaped felt into a short aramid fiber reinforced PEEK resin base material with a proper width after cooling;
(3) importing a 3D printing model;
(4) heating, melting and stirring the short aramid fiber reinforced PEEK resin base material obtained in the step (2), and then sending the short aramid fiber reinforced PEEK resin base material into a first 3D printing nozzle, and heating the continuous fiber woven body obtained in the step (1) and then sending the continuous fiber woven body into a second 3D printing nozzle;
(5) the printer starts to work, the second 3D printing nozzle outputs the continuous fiber woven body, the first 3D printing nozzle simultaneously ejects the base material in a molten state and injects the base material into the output continuous fiber woven body, before the base material is not solidified, a needling mechanism is adopted to carry out Z-direction needling on the base material and the woven body, the needling thickness is 3/4 of the thickness of the woven body, and short fibers in the base body are hooked and form a cross-linked structural material with the fiber woven body;
(6) according to the operation mode of the step (5), after one continuous printing path is printed, cutting off fibers through a cutting mechanism and moving a spray head to the starting point of the next continuous path, and repeating the operation according to the step (5) until the printing is finished to obtain a required product;
(7) and carrying out post-treatment on the processed product to obtain a finished product.
Further, the 3D printing method further includes the steps of:
(1) carrying out electrochemical treatment on the continuous fibers, preparing the continuous fibers into a three-dimensional woven structure through a weaving process, and then impregnating the continuous fibers with molten PP resin to prepare a continuous fiber woven body; the continuous fiber is a mixed fiber of fibrilia and basalt fiber;
(2) according to the mass ratio: mixing 58% of fibrilia and basalt fiber mixed fiber, 37% of PP resin fiber, 3% of maleic anhydride and 2% of a thermal oxygen stabilizer to prepare a felt, gathering the felt after needling treatment and rolling the felt into a strip shape, heating the strip-shaped felt at the temperature of 230-;
(3) importing a 3D printing model;
(4) heating, melting and stirring a short mixed fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material, then sending the short mixed fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material into a first 3D printing nozzle, and heating a continuous fiber woven body, and then sending the continuous fiber woven body into a second 3D printing nozzle;
(5) the printer starts to work, the second 3D printing nozzle outputs the continuous fiber woven body, the first 3D printing nozzle simultaneously ejects the base material in a molten state and injects the base material into the output continuous fiber woven body, before the base material is not solidified, a needling mechanism is adopted to carry out Z-direction needling on the base material and the woven body, the needling thickness is 4/5 of the thickness of the woven body, and short fibers in the base body are hooked and form a cross-linked structural material with the fiber woven body;
(6) after printing a continuous printing path, cutting off fibers through a cutting mechanism, moving a spray head to the starting point of the next continuous path, and repeating the operation according to the step (5) until printing is finished to obtain a required product;
(7) and carrying out post-treatment on the processed product to obtain a finished product.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention mainly relates to a set of forming process system suitable for 3D reinforced structures of different material systems, which can be used for preparing any fiber and thermoplastic resin 3D printing composite material, breaks the bottleneck of single material of the 3D printing material and can realize the 3D printing of compounding of various materials;
(2) according to the invention, the reinforcing fiber is designed into a woven material with a microstructure, the matrix resin contains a large amount of short fibers, and the fibers can be uniformly and fully filled into the resin through the cooperation with a needling process, so that the fiber content in the obtained 3D printing material is far higher than that of the 3D printing material disclosed in the prior art. The specific process is as follows: use short-staple reinforcing thermoplastic resin base composite as the base member, the body is woven to continuous fibers is support chassis, injects the matrix material hot melt into support chassis in through the heating to supplementary acupuncture Z is to the reinforcing, makes the short-staple collude and links to each other the body of weaving, realizes novel fiber reinforced composite 3D and prints the shaping. The technology effectively increases the fiber content of the continuous fiber composite material, strengthens the binding force between the continuous fiber composite material and the thermoplastic resin by pretreating the continuous fiber woven body, simultaneously enables the short fiber and the reinforced woven body to be hooked by Z-direction needling, plays a role in enhancing the binding force between layers, and can obviously improve the strength of the composite material structure. The invention effectively solves the problems of low fiber content, low structural strength, poor interlayer bonding performance and the like of the fiber 3D printing material.
(3) The invention is characterized in that: the fiber content of the continuous fiber composite material is effectively increased, the weaving and needling process of the textile industry is combined with the 3D printing technology, the binding force of the continuous fiber woven body and the thermoplastic resin is enhanced by pretreating the continuous fiber woven body, the short fibers are firstly hooked out by Z-direction needling, and then the continuous fiber woven body and the continuous fiber woven body form a cross-linked structure material, so that the binding force of the fibers between layers is also obviously enhanced, and the strength of the composite material structure can be obviously improved; meanwhile, the invention can also be applied to 3D printing buildings. In addition, the fiber weaving structure can be one or any combination of plain weave, twill weave, satin weave or three-dimensional weaving structures, compared with the prior art, the surface area of the weaving body is larger, the contact area with a base material is also larger, and therefore the mechanical strength improvement effect of the 3D printing composite material is also larger.
(4) The invention relates to a brand-new 3D printing process, which comprises the steps of combining two 3D printing spray heads with a needling mechanism, and developing a novel fiber reinforced composite material 3D printing process combining microstructure reinforcement and needling reinforcement; the process has the characteristics of low cost and high efficiency, and the printed product has good structural strength and rigidity and has good development prospect.
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a continuous fiber braid reinforced fiber composite 3D printing apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a plan-view weave, FIG. 2a is a plain-view weave, and FIG. 2b is a twill-view weave;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional structure of a knitted body; fig. 3a is a three-dimensional winding structure, and fig. 3b is a warp and weft structure;
fig. 4 is a flow chart of the 3D printing process model construction of the continuous fiber reinforced composite material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Fig. 1 and 4 respectively show a 3D printing device and a processing process flow chart of a continuous fiber braid reinforced fiber composite material:
1. the automatic cutting machine comprises a base material placing area, a first cutting mechanism, a first guide sleeve, a first feeding mechanism, a first heating mechanism, a first stirring mechanism, a first 3D printing nozzle, a first needling mechanism, a product placing area, a workbench, a second 3D printing nozzle, a second heating mechanism, a second cutting mechanism, a second feeding mechanism, a second guide sleeve and a braided body placing area, wherein the base material placing area comprises 2 parts of the first cutting mechanism, 3 parts of the first guide sleeve, 4 parts of the first feeding mechanism, 5 parts of the first heating mechanism, 6 parts of the first heating mechanism, 7 parts of the first needling mechanism, 9 parts of the product placing area, 10 parts of the workbench, 11 parts of the second 3D printing nozzle, 12 parts of the second heating mechanism, 13 parts of the second cutting mechanism, 14 parts of the second feeding mechanism, 15 parts of the second guide sleeve and 16 parts of the braided body placing area; A3D prints shower nozzle 7 and sets up perpendicularly, its top sets gradually rabbling mechanism 6, a heating mechanism 5, a feeding mechanism 4, a uide bushing 3, a shutdown mechanism 5 and substrate place the district 1, the substrate that will substitute the short-staple reinforcing thermoplastic resin substrate of processing is placed in shutdown mechanism 2's top places the district 1, acupuncture mechanism 8 is located the right side that 3D printed shower nozzle 7, No. two 3D printed shower nozzle 11 sets up the left side that 3D printed shower nozzle 7, it realizes through rotatory mode that the contained angle between with 3D printed shower nozzle 7 is adjustable, its top sets gradually No. two heating mechanism 12, No. two feeding mechanism 14, No. two uide bushing 15, No. two shutdown mechanism 13 and weave the body and place the district 16, the continuous fibers who will substitute the processing are woven the body and are placed in the body of weaving and place the district 16 above shutdown mechanism 13.
The processing technology of fig. 4 is as follows: the short fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material and the continuous fiber braided body enter a first 3D printing spray head and a second 3D printing spray head respectively through processes of cutting, guiding, heating (stirring), feeding and the like, the base material and the braided body are subjected to Z-direction needling by adopting a needling mechanism after being processed by the spray heads, and the short fibers in the base body are hooked and form a cross-linked structural material product with the fiber braided body on a workbench.
Example 1
(1) Sizing the carbon fiber, manufacturing the carbon fiber into a plain weave structure by a weaving process, and then impregnating the plain weave structure with molten PLA resin to prepare a continuous fiber woven body;
(2) according to the mass ratio: mixing raw materials of 50% of short carbon fiber, 45% of PLA resin fiber, 3% of silane coupling agent and 2% of lubricant to prepare felt, gathering the felt after needling treatment and rolling the felt into a strip shape, heating the strip-shaped felt at the temperature of 230-250 ℃ for 6-10 minutes, twisting and extruding the strip-shaped felt by extrusion equipment at the pressure of 6-10 MPa, and cutting the strip-shaped felt into short carbon fiber reinforced PLA resin base material with proper width after cooling;
(3) importing a 3D printing model;
(4) heating, melting and stirring the short carbon fiber reinforced PLA resin base material obtained in the step (2), sending the base material into a first 3D printing nozzle, and heating the continuous fiber woven body obtained in the step (1), and sending the heated continuous fiber woven body into a second 3D printing nozzle;
(5) the printer starts to work, the second 3D printing nozzle outputs the heated continuous fiber knitted body, the first 3D printing nozzle sprays the base material in a molten state and injects the base material into the output continuous fiber knitted body, before the base material is not consolidated, a needling mechanism is adopted to carry out Z-direction needling on the base material and the knitted body, and the needling thickness is 2/3 of the thickness of the knitted body; linking the short fibers in the matrix and forming a cross-linked structure material with the fiber woven fabric;
(6) according to the operation mode of the step (5), after one continuous printing path is printed, cutting off fibers through a cutting mechanism and moving a spray head to the starting point of the next continuous path, and repeating the operation according to the step (5) until the printing is finished to obtain a required product;
(7) and carrying out post-treatment on the processed product to obtain a finished product.
Example 2
(1) Carrying out electrochemical treatment on aramid fibers, preparing the aramid fibers into a twill woven structure by a weaving process, and then impregnating the twill woven structure with molten PEEK resin to prepare a continuous fiber woven body;
(2) according to the mass ratio: mixing 55% of short aramid fiber, 40% of PEEK resin fiber, 3% of silane coupling agent and 2% of dispersing agent to prepare a felt, carrying out needling treatment on the felt, then collecting and rolling the felt into a strip shape, heating the strip-shaped felt at the temperature of 250-270 ℃ for 8-10 minutes, carrying out twisting extrusion through extrusion equipment under the pressure of 9-13 MPa, and cutting the strip-shaped felt into a short aramid fiber reinforced PEEK resin base material with a proper width after cooling;
(3) importing a 3D printing model;
(4) heating, melting and stirring the short aramid fiber reinforced PEEK resin base material obtained in the step (2), and then sending the short aramid fiber reinforced PEEK resin base material into a first 3D printing nozzle, and heating the continuous fiber woven body obtained in the step (1) and then sending the continuous fiber woven body into a second 3D printing nozzle;
(5) the printer starts to work, the second 3D printing nozzle outputs the heated continuous fiber woven body, the first 3D printing nozzle sprays the base material in a molten state and injects the base material into the output continuous fiber woven body, before the base material is not solidified, a needling mechanism is adopted to carry out Z-direction needling on the base material and the woven body, the needling thickness is 3/4 of the thickness of the woven body, and short fibers in the base body are hooked and connected to form a cross-linked structural material with the fiber woven body;
(6) according to the operation mode of the step (5), after one continuous printing path is printed, cutting off fibers through a cutting mechanism and moving a spray head to the starting point of the next continuous path, and repeating the operation according to the step (5) until the printing is finished to obtain a required product;
(7) and carrying out post-treatment on the processed product to obtain a finished product.
Example 3
(1) Carrying out electrochemical treatment on the continuous fibers, preparing the continuous fibers into a three-dimensional woven structure by a weaving process, and then impregnating the continuous fibers with molten PP resin to prepare a continuous fiber woven body; the continuous fiber is a mixed fiber of fibrilia and basalt fiber;
(2) according to the mass ratio: 58 percent of short mixed fiber (mixed fiber of fibrilia and basalt fiber), 37 percent of PP resin fiber, 3 percent of maleic anhydride and 2 percent of thermal oxygen stabilizer are mixed to prepare felt, the felt is gathered and rolled into a strip shape after being needled, the strip-shaped felt is heated for 7 to 9 minutes at the temperature of 230 plus 240 ℃, twisted and extruded by extrusion equipment under the pressure of 8 to 11MPa, and then the felt is cut into short mixed fiber reinforced PP resin base material with proper width after being cooled;
(3) importing a 3D printing model;
(4) heating, melting and stirring a short mixed fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material, then sending the short mixed fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material into a first 3D printing nozzle, and heating a continuous fiber woven body, and then sending the continuous fiber woven body into a second 3D printing nozzle;
(5) the printer starts to work, the second 3D printing nozzle outputs the heated continuous fiber woven body, the first 3D printing nozzle sprays the base material in a molten state and injects the base material into the output continuous fiber woven body, before the base material is not solidified, a needling mechanism is adopted to carry out Z-direction needling on the base material and the woven body, the needling thickness is 4/5 of the thickness of the woven body, and short fibers in the base body are hooked and connected to form a cross-linked structural material with the fiber woven body;
(6) after printing a continuous printing path, cutting off fibers through a cutting mechanism, moving a spray head to the starting point of the next continuous path, and repeating the operation according to the step (5) until printing is finished to obtain a required product;
(7) and carrying out post-treatment on the processed product to obtain a finished product.
To sum up: the obtained reinforced fiber is a woven material with microstructure reinforcement, the matrix resin contains a large amount of short fibers, and the fibers can be uniformly and fully filled in the resin through the cooperation with a needling process, so that the fiber content in the obtained 3D printing material is far higher than that of the 3D printing material disclosed by the prior art; the binding force between the continuous fiber woven body and the thermoplastic resin is enhanced through pretreatment of the continuous fiber woven body, meanwhile, short fibers are hooked with the reinforced woven body through Z-direction needling, the binding force between layers is enhanced, and the strength of the composite material structure can be remarkably improved. According to the invention, the fiber 3D printing material has the following advantages simultaneously through the synergistic effects of the components of the base material and the knitted body, the process design, the heating treatment of the base material and the knitted body, the position design of the two nozzles, the Z-direction needling and the like: the fiber content is high, the surface area of the braided body is large, the contact area with a base material is large, the structural strength is high, and the interlayer bonding performance is strong; the method has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and the like.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A3D printing method for a continuous fiber woven body reinforced fiber composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the 3D printing method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of continuous fiber braid: pretreating continuous fibers, manufacturing the continuous fibers into a woven structure through a weaving process, and then impregnating the continuous fibers with molten thermoplastic resin to prepare a continuous fiber woven body;
(2) preparation of reinforced thermoplastic resin base material: preparing short fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material into felt, carrying out needling treatment on the felt, then collecting and rolling the felt into a strip shape, heating the strip-shaped felt at the temperature of 230-300 ℃ for 6-30 minutes, twisting, extruding and cooling the strip-shaped felt by an extruding device at the pressure of 6-25 MPa, and then cutting the strip-shaped felt into short fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material with proper width; the short fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material is prepared from 50-60% of short fibers according to a mass ratio; 30-50% of thermoplastic resin fiber; 0-3% of a compatilizer; 0-2% of an auxiliary agent;
(3) importing a 3D printing model;
(4) heating and melting the short fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material obtained in the step (2) by using a continuous fiber woven body reinforced fiber composite material 3D printing device, uniformly stirring, then sending into a first 3D printing nozzle, heating the continuous fiber woven body obtained in the step (1), and then sending into a second 3D printing nozzle;
(5) the printer starts to work, the second 3D printing nozzle outputs the heated continuous fiber woven body, the first 3D printing nozzle sprays the base material in a molten state and injects the base material into the output continuous fiber woven body, before the base material is not solidified, a needling mechanism is adopted to carry out Z-direction needling on the base material and the woven body, short fibers in the base body are hooked and connected, and a cross-linked structural material is formed by the short fibers and the fiber woven body;
(6) according to the operation mode of the step (5), after printing one continuous path, cutting off fibers through a cutting mechanism and moving a spray head to the starting point of the next continuous path, and repeating the operation according to the step (5) until printing is completed to obtain a required product;
(7) and carrying out post-treatment on the processed product to obtain a finished product.
2. The 3D printing method of the continuous fiber braid reinforced fiber composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the continuous fiber in the step (1) is one or any combination of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, hemp fiber and basalt fiber, and the thermoplastic resin is one or any combination of PP, PEEK, PA6, PA66, ABS or PLA.
3. 3D printing method of a continuous fiber braid reinforced fiber composite according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the continuous fiber weaving structure in the step (1) is one or any combination of plain weave, twill weave, satin weave and three-dimensional weaving structure.
4. The 3D printing method of the continuous fiber braid reinforced fiber composite material as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the pretreatment in the step (1) is one or any combination of sizing treatment, electrochemical treatment, plasma treatment, chemical treatment or oxidation treatment.
5. The 3D printing method of the continuous fiber braid reinforced fiber composite material as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the short fiber in the step (2) is one or any combination of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, hemp fiber and basalt fiber, and the thermoplastic resin is one or any combination of PP, PEEK, PA6, PA66, ABS or PLA; the compatilizer is one or any combination of a silane coupling agent or maleic anhydride; the auxiliary agent is one or any mixture of a lubricant, a dispersant or a thermal oxygen stabilizer.
6. The 3D printing method of the continuous fiber braid reinforced fiber composite material as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the 3D printing device for the continuous fiber braiding body reinforced fiber composite material, which is described in the step (4), comprises a first 3D printing nozzle, a second 3D printing nozzle, a needling mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a guide sleeve, a heating mechanism, a stirring mechanism, a cutting mechanism and a workbench which are vertically arranged, wherein the second 3D printing nozzle and the needling mechanism are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of the first 3D printing nozzle, the included angle between the second 3D printing nozzle and the first 3D printing nozzle can be adjusted by a rotating mode, the base material and the knitted body enter the printing nozzle after being processed by the cutting mechanism, the guide sleeve, the feeding mechanism and the heating mechanism respectively, wherein the base material is uniformly stirred before entering the nozzle, and after the treatment of the nozzle, the base material and the woven body are subjected to Z-direction needling by adopting a needling mechanism, short fibers in the matrix are hooked together and form a cross-linked structural material product with the fiber woven body on a workbench.
7. The 3D printing method of the continuous fiber braid reinforced fiber composite material as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and (5) the Z-direction needling depth is more than one half of the thickness of the fiber knitted body and less than the thickness of the knitted body.
8. The 3D printing method of the continuous fiber braid reinforced fiber composite material as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the 3D printing method comprises the following steps:
(1) sizing the carbon fiber, manufacturing the carbon fiber into a plain weave structure by a weaving process, and then impregnating the plain weave structure with molten PLA resin to prepare a continuous fiber woven body;
(2) according to the mass ratio: mixing raw materials of 50% of short carbon fiber, 45% of PLA resin fiber, 3% of silane coupling agent and 2% of lubricant to prepare felt, gathering the felt after needling treatment and rolling the felt into a strip shape, heating the strip-shaped felt at the temperature of 230-250 ℃ for 6-10 minutes, twisting and extruding the strip-shaped felt by extrusion equipment at the pressure of 6-10 MPa, and cutting the strip-shaped felt into short carbon fiber reinforced PLA resin base material with proper width after cooling;
(3) importing a 3D printing model;
(4) heating, melting and stirring the short carbon fiber reinforced PLA resin base material obtained in the step 2), and then sending the base material into a first 3D printing nozzle, and heating the continuous fiber woven body obtained in the step 1), and then sending the heated continuous fiber woven body into a second 3D printing nozzle;
(5) the printer starts to work, the second 3D printing nozzle outputs the heated continuous fiber woven body, the first 3D printing nozzle sprays the base material in a molten state and injects the base material into the output continuous fiber woven body, before the base material is not solidified, a needling mechanism is adopted to carry out Z-direction needling on the base material and the woven body, the needling thickness is 2/3 of the thickness of the woven body, and short fibers in the base body are hooked and connected to form a cross-linked structural material with the fiber woven body;
(6) according to the operation mode of the step (5), after one continuous printing path is printed, cutting off fibers through a cutting mechanism and moving a spray head to the starting point of the next continuous path, and repeating the operation according to the step (5) until the printing is finished to obtain a required product;
(7) and carrying out post-treatment on the processed product to obtain a finished product.
9. The 3D printing method of the continuous fiber braid reinforced fiber composite material as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the 3D printing method comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out electrochemical treatment on aramid fibers, preparing the aramid fibers into a twill woven structure by a weaving process, and then impregnating the twill woven structure with molten PEEK resin to prepare a continuous fiber woven body;
(2) according to the mass ratio: mixing 55% of short aramid fiber, 40% of PEEK resin fiber, 3% of silane coupling agent and 2% of dispersing agent to prepare a felt, carrying out needling treatment on the felt, then collecting and rolling the felt into a strip shape, heating the strip-shaped felt at the temperature of 250-270 ℃ for 8-10 minutes, carrying out twisting extrusion through extrusion equipment under the pressure of 9-13 MPa, and cutting the strip-shaped felt into a short aramid fiber reinforced PEEK resin base material with a proper width after cooling;
(3) importing a 3D printing model;
(4) heating, melting and stirring the short aramid fiber reinforced PEEK resin base material obtained in the step (2), and then sending the short aramid fiber reinforced PEEK resin base material into a first 3D printing nozzle, and heating the continuous fiber woven body obtained in the step (1) and then sending the continuous fiber woven body into a second 3D printing nozzle;
(5) the printer starts to work, the second 3D printing nozzle outputs the continuous fiber woven body, the first 3D printing nozzle simultaneously ejects the base material in a molten state and injects the base material into the output continuous fiber woven body, before the base material is not solidified, a needling mechanism is adopted to carry out Z-direction needling on the base material and the woven body, the needling thickness is 3/4 of the thickness of the woven body, and short fibers in the base body are hooked and form a cross-linked structural material with the fiber woven body;
(6) according to the operation mode of the step (5), after one continuous printing path is printed, cutting off fibers through a cutting mechanism and moving a spray head to the starting point of the next continuous path, and repeating the operation according to the step (5) until the printing is finished to obtain a required product;
(7) and carrying out post-treatment on the processed product to obtain a finished product.
10. The 3D printing method of the continuous fiber braid reinforced fiber composite material as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the 3D printing method comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out electrochemical treatment on the continuous fibers, preparing the continuous fibers into a three-dimensional woven structure through a weaving process, and then impregnating the continuous fibers with molten PP resin to prepare a continuous fiber woven body; the continuous fiber is a mixed fiber of fibrilia and basalt fiber;
(2) according to the mass ratio: mixing 58% of fibrilia and basalt fiber mixed fiber, 37% of PP resin fiber, 3% of maleic anhydride and 2% of a thermal oxygen stabilizer to prepare a felt, gathering the felt after needling treatment and rolling the felt into a strip shape, heating the strip-shaped felt at the temperature of 230-;
(3) importing a 3D printing model;
(4) heating, melting and stirring a short mixed fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material, then sending the short mixed fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin base material into a first 3D printing nozzle, and heating a continuous fiber woven body, and then sending the continuous fiber woven body into a second 3D printing nozzle;
(5) the printer starts to work, the second 3D printing nozzle outputs the continuous fiber woven body, the first 3D printing nozzle simultaneously ejects the base material in a molten state and injects the base material into the output continuous fiber woven body, before the base material is not solidified, a needling mechanism is adopted to carry out Z-direction needling on the base material and the woven body, the needling thickness is 4/5 of the thickness of the woven body, and short fibers in the base body are hooked and form a cross-linked structural material with the fiber woven body;
(6) after printing a continuous printing path, cutting off fibers through a cutting mechanism, moving a spray head to the starting point of the next continuous path, and repeating the operation according to the step (5) until printing is finished to obtain a required product;
(7) and carrying out post-treatment on the processed product to obtain a finished product.
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| CN114874605A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-08-09 | 上海大学 | Continuous carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting resin prepreg filament and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN117512857A (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-02-06 | 吉林大学 | Full-automatic bionic ligament braiding machine |
| CN117512857B (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-03-26 | 吉林大学 | Full-automatic bionic ligament braiding machine |
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