CN114236092B - Tunnel excavation face stability experiment equipment and method considering shield cutter head influence - Google Patents
Tunnel excavation face stability experiment equipment and method considering shield cutter head influence Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides tunnel excavation face stability experiment equipment and method considering shield cutter head influence, and the tunnel excavation face stability experiment equipment comprises an integral frame part, a shield system, a cutter head power control system, a soil bin plate power control system and a monitoring system, wherein the integral frame part comprises a test box, a protective cover, a working face, a working table I and a working table II, the shield system comprises a cutter head, a tunnel, a flange and a soil bin plate, the cutter head power system comprises a transmission shaft, a speed reducer II, a motor II and a frequency converter II, the soil bin plate power control system comprises a push rod, a reaction frame, a bearing platform, a ball screw, a guide rail, a speed reducer I, a motor I and a frequency converter I, and the monitoring system comprises a laser ranging device and a spoke type force sensor. The equipment can analyze the stability of the excavation surface under the action of the dynamic cutter head of the shield, and determine the limit supporting pressure required for maintaining the stability of the excavation surface, so that the stability of the excavation surface during shield tunneling construction can be guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shield tunneling, in particular to a tunnel excavation surface stability experiment device and method considering shield tunneling cutter head influence.
Background
In recent years, urban rail transit construction in China is continuously increasing in temperature, so that the demand of the shield machine serving as modern and mechanized construction equipment is continuously increasing. The stability of the excavation surface is the key for guaranteeing construction safety and construction quality of the shield machine in the excavation process, and under the actual construction condition, the disturbance of the soil body cut by a cutter head of the shield machine to the excavation surface cannot be avoided or ignored.
At present, the cutting disturbance effect of a cutter head is not considered in the excavation face stabilizing method of the shield machine in the prior art, the real shield construction boundary conditions cannot be restored, and the ultimate supporting pressure of the excavation face cannot be accurately determined, so that the potential hazard of construction safety is hidden.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides tunnel excavation surface stability experimental equipment and method considering shield cutter head influence so as to effectively guarantee excavation surface stability during shield tunneling construction.
According to one aspect of the invention, the excavation face stability experiment equipment considering shield cutterhead influence comprises an integral frame part, a shield system, a cutterhead power control system, a soil chamber plate power control system and a monitoring system, wherein the integral frame part comprises a test box, a protective cover, a working face, a working table I and a working table II, the shield system comprises a cutterhead, a tunnel, a flange and a soil chamber plate, the cutterhead power system comprises a transmission shaft, a speed reducer II, a motor II and a frequency converter II, the soil chamber plate power control system comprises a push rod, a reaction frame, a bearing platform, a ball screw, a guide rail, a speed reducer I, a motor I and a frequency converter I, and the monitoring system comprises a laser ranging device and a spoke type force sensor;
the frequency converter I and the frequency converter II are respectively connected with the motor I and the motor II, and the rotating speed of the motors is controlled, so that the cutter head runs at different rotating speeds and the soil bin plate is propelled at different speeds;
the speed reducer I and the speed reducer II are respectively connected with the motor I and the motor II, and the speed reducer can reduce the rotating speed of the motor to obtain larger torque;
motor I, reduction gear I set up in workstation I, motor II, reduction gear II, converter I and converter II set up in workstation II.
Preferably: three non-observation surfaces of the test box are all provided with steel plates, one observation surface is provided with an organic glass plate, and the thickness of the organic glass plate is larger than that of the steel plates;
the inner side of the organic glass plate is overlapped with the axis of the tunnel;
the working table I and the working table II are fixed on a working surface through bolts and keep fixed positions, and the working surface is connected with the test box through bolts and keeps fixed positions.
Preferably: the cutter head is arranged in front of the tunnel, cutters are arranged on the cutter head, 1 fishtail cutter is arranged at the center of the cutter head, 3 cutters are arranged at each spoke, the cutter head has three spokes, and the total number of the cutters is 9; the panels are arranged between the spokes, and the number of the panels is 3;
the flange is connected with the tunnel in a welding mode and fixed with the side wall of the tunnel through bolts, and the protective cover is fixed on the organic glass plate of the test box through bolts.
Preferably: the cutter head is connected with the speed reducer II through a transmission shaft and then driven to rotate by the motor II.
Preferably: the bottom of the reaction frame is welded with the front end of a bearing platform, the bearing platform is arranged on a guide rail in a mode of being in bolted connection with a guide rail slider, the guide rail is arranged on a workbench I in a mode of being in bolted connection, a screw rod of a ball screw penetrates through a round hole in the bottom of the reaction frame and is connected with a speed reducer I, and a nut of the ball screw is fixed with the bottom of the reaction frame through a bolt;
the motor I drives a screw rod of the ball screw to rotate through the speed reducer I, so that the linear motion of a nut of the ball screw is realized, the linear motion of the counter-force frame on the guide rail is further realized, the positive and negative rotation of the motor I is adjusted through the frequency converter I, and the front and back control of the motion of the counter-force frame on the guide rail is realized;
the soil storehouse plate is connected with the reaction frame through a push rod, so that the soil storehouse plate can move back and forth.
Preferably: the laser ranging device is arranged on the bearing platform and records the change value of the horizontal front-back displacement of the bearing platform so as to obtain the change value of the horizontal front-back displacement of the soil bin plate;
the spoke type force sensor is arranged at the contact position of the push rod and the reaction frame, one end of the push rod is connected with the soil bin plate, and the other end of the push rod penetrates through the spoke type force sensor and is connected with the reaction frame through a bolt;
the spoke type force sensor can be arranged on the front side of the reaction frame to measure the pressure of the push rod when the soil bin plate moves forward, and can also be arranged on the rear side of the reaction frame to measure the thrust of the push rod when the soil bin plate moves backward.
According to another aspect of the invention, a tunnel excavation face stability experiment method considering shield cutterhead influence is provided and is suitable for the equipment, and the method comprises the following steps:
step A, setting test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise size parameters, cutter head operation parameters and soil bin plate operation parameters;
b, debugging and calibrating the laser ranging device, the cutter head driving device and the soil warehouse board driving device;
step C, calibrating the friction force between the soil warehouse plate and the tunnel, and debugging and calibrating the spoke type force sensor;
step D, filling a soil sample into the test box to a set burial depth;
e, setting the cutter head to perform a test without rotating, starting the motor I, performing the test according to the set movement parameters of the soil bin plate, photographing and observing deformation damage of a soil body in front of the tunnel through an organic glass plate in the test process, and recording displacement change and stress change of the soil bin plate by the laser ranging device and the spoke type force sensor in real time;
and F, setting different rotating speeds of the cutter disc, repeating the steps B-D, starting the motor II, starting the motor I after the rotating speed of the motor II is stable, testing according to set testing parameters, photographing and observing deformation damage of a soil body in front of the tunnel through an organic glass plate in the testing process, recording displacement change and stress change of the soil chamber plate in real time through the laser ranging device and the spoke type force sensor, and determining the limit supporting pressure according to the displacement and stress relation until the test is finished.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the equipment and the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can analyze the stability of the excavation surface under the action of the dynamic cutter head of the shield and determine the limit supporting pressure required for maintaining the stability of the excavation surface, so that the stability of the excavation surface during shield tunneling construction can be ensured.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a front view of excavation face stabilization experimental equipment considering shield cutterhead influence according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a top view of excavation face stabilization experimental equipment considering shield cutterhead influence according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a test chamber provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a structural cross-sectional view of a shield system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a front view of a reaction frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an elevation view of a cutter head provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a front view of a soil bin plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The number in the figures indicates that the drawing,
1-test box, 2-protective cover, 3-flange, 4-push rod, 5-reaction frame, 6-spoke type force sensor, 7-transmission shaft, 8-ball screw, 9-bearing platform, 10-working surface, 11-guide rail, 12-working platform I, 13-reducer I, 14-motor I, 15-reducer II, 16-motor II, 17-frequency converter I, 18-frequency converter II, 19-working platform II, 20-cutter head, 21-tunnel, 22-laser distance measuring device, 23-soil bin plate, 24-cutting knife, 25-fishtail knife and 26-panel.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", "the" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" or "coupled" to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. Further, "connected" or "coupled" as used herein may include wirelessly connected or coupled. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will be further explained by taking several specific embodiments as examples in conjunction with the drawings, and the embodiments are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a front view of excavation face stability experiment equipment considering shield cutterhead influence according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 2 is a top view of excavation face stability experiment equipment considering shield cutterhead influence according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a front view of the test chamber; FIG. 4 is a structural cross-sectional view of a shield system; FIG. 5 is a front view of the reaction frame; FIG. 6 is a front view of the cutter head; fig. 7 is a front view of the earth panel. The equipment comprises an integral frame part, a shield system, a cutter head power control system, a soil bin plate power control system and a monitoring system, wherein the integral frame part comprises a test box 1, a protective cover 2, a working surface 10, a working table I12 and a working table II 19, the shield system comprises a cutter head 20, a tunnel 21, a flange 3 and a soil bin plate 23, the cutter head power system comprises a transmission shaft 7, a speed reducer II 15, a motor II 16 and a frequency converter II 17, the soil bin plate power control system comprises a push rod 4, a reaction frame 5, a bearing platform 9, a ball screw 8, a guide rail 11, a speed reducer I13, a motor I14 and a frequency converter I18, and the monitoring system comprises a laser ranging device 22 and a spoke type force sensor 6.
The frequency converter I18 and the frequency converter II 17 are respectively connected with the motor I14 and the motor II 16, the rotating speed of the motors is controlled, and the cutter head 20 can run at different rotating speeds and the soil bin plate 23 can be pushed at different speeds.
The motor I14 and the motor II 16 are respectively connected with the speed reducer I13 and the speed reducer II 15, and the speed reducer can reduce the rotating speed of the motor so as to obtain larger torque.
The motor I14 and the speed reducer I13 are arranged on the workbench I12, and the motor II 16, the speed reducer II 15, the frequency converter I18 and the frequency converter II 17 are arranged on the workbench II 19.
Specifically, three non-observation surfaces of the test box 1 are all set to be steel plates, one observation surface is set to be an organic glass plate, and the thickness of the organic glass plate is larger than that of the steel plates.
The inner side of the organic glass plate is overlapped with the axis of the tunnel, so that the purpose of a half model experiment is achieved.
The working table I12 and the working table II 19 are fixed on the working surface 10 through bolts and keep fixed positions, and the working surface 10 is connected with the test box 1 through bolts and keeps fixed positions.
Specifically, the cutter head 20 is arranged in front of the tunnel 21, cutters are mounted on the cutter head 20, the number of the cutters at the center is 1 fishtail cutter 25, the number of the cutters at each spoke is 3, the cutter head has three spokes, and the total number of the cutters is 9; and 3 panels 26 are arranged among the spokes.
The flange 3 is connected with the tunnel 21 in a welding mode and is fixed with the side wall of the tunnel 21 through bolts, and the protective cover 2 is fixed on the organic glass plate of the test box 1 through bolts.
Specifically, the cutter head 20 is connected with the speed reducer II 15 through the transmission shaft 7, and is further driven to rotate by the motor II 16.
Specifically, the bottom of the reaction frame 5 is welded with the front end of a bearing platform 9, the bearing platform 9 is arranged on a guide rail 11 in a mode of being in bolted connection with a guide rail slider, the guide rail 11 is arranged on a workbench I12 in a bolted connection mode, a screw rod of a ball screw 8 penetrates through a round hole in the bottom of the reaction frame 5 and is connected with a speed reducer I13, and a nut of the ball screw 8 is fixed with the bottom of the reaction frame 5 through a bolt.
The motor I14 drives the screw rod of the ball screw 8 to rotate through the speed reducer I13, so that the nut of the ball screw 8 can linearly move, and further, the reaction frame 5 can linearly move on the guide rail 11. The forward and reverse rotation of the motor I14 is adjusted through the frequency converter I18, so that the forward and backward control of the movement of the reaction frame 5 on the guide rail 11 is realized.
The soil bin plate 23 is connected with the reaction frame 5 through the push rod 4, so that the soil bin plate 23 can move back and forth.
Specifically, the laser distance measuring device 22 is arranged on the bearing platform 9, and records a change value of horizontal front-back displacement of the bearing platform 9, so as to obtain a change value of horizontal front-back displacement of the soil bin plate 23.
The spoke type force sensor 6 is arranged at the contact position of the push rod 4 and the reaction frame 5, one end of the push rod 4 is connected with the soil bin plate 23, and the other end of the push rod penetrates through the spoke type force sensor 6 to be connected with the reaction frame 5 through a bolt.
The spoke type force sensor 6 can be arranged on the front side of the reaction frame 5 to measure the pressure on the push rod 4 when the soil bin plate 23 moves forward, and can also be arranged on the rear side of the reaction frame 5 to measure the thrust on the push rod 4 when the soil bin plate 23 moves backward.
Based on the excavation face stability test equipment considering the influence of the shield cutter head shown in fig. 1 to 7, the embodiment of the invention also provides an excavation face stability test method considering the influence of the shield cutter head, which comprises the following steps:
A. setting test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise size parameters, cutter head operation parameters and soil warehouse board operation parameters. The parameter design is referred to as follows,
(1) dimensional parameters
For convenient parameter design, 600mm is got to the tunnel buried depth, and soil storehouse board displaceable distance is 300 mm.
(2) Operating parameters of the cutter head
Considering the requirement of comparative analysis of test data, the operating parameters of the cutter head are defined as follows: the cutter head does not rotate, the rotating speed of the cutter head is 1r/min, the rotating speed of the cutter head is 2r/min, the rotating speed of the cutter head is 3r/min, the rotating speed of the cutter head is 5r/min and the rotating speed of the cutter head is 7 r/min.
(3) Operating parameters of soil warehouse board
(a) And the moving speed of the soil warehouse board is 0.5cm/min in consideration of the requirements of test equipment and data acquisition.
(b) And the rotating speed of the motor I can be calculated to be 1r/min through the moving speed.
(c) The running time, calculated from the above parameters, can be found to be 1 h.
B. Debugging and calibrating the laser ranging device, the cutter head driving device and the soil warehouse plate driving device;
C. calibrating the friction force between the soil warehouse board and the tunnel, thereby debugging and calibrating the spoke type force sensor;
D. filling a soil sample into the test box to a set burial depth, observing whether the soil sample leaks from the contact part of each device in the test box, if so, adding foam rubber or applying a sealing rubber strip to the gap, otherwise, continuing the test;
E. the method comprises the steps that a cutter head is arranged to be tested without rotating, a motor I is started, the test is carried out according to set soil bin plate moving parameters, in the test process, deformation damage of a soil body in front of a tunnel is photographed and observed through an organic glass plate, and the displacement change and the stress change of the soil bin plate are recorded in real time through a laser ranging device and a spoke type force sensor;
F. setting different rotating speeds of the cutter disc, cutting the soil body by the cutter disc, repeating the steps B-D, starting the motor II, testing the starting motor I according to set testing parameters after the rotating speed of the motor II is stable, photographing and observing deformation damage of the soil body in front of the tunnel through the organic glass plate in the testing process, and recording displacement change and stress change of the soil bin plate by the laser ranging device and the spoke type force sensor in real time until the test is finished.
In summary, the tunnel excavation face stability experiment device considering the influence of the shield cutterhead in the embodiment of the invention can simulate the operation state of the shield cutterhead in the actual construction environment more truly, and determine the limit supporting pressure required by the stability of the excavation face. The invention provides a complete excavation surface stability test method considering the influence of the shield cutter head on the basis of the test equipment, and provides a new thought for determining the ultimate support pressure of the excavation surface under the action of the cutter head.
The equipment and the method provided by the embodiment of the invention can analyze the stability of the excavation surface under the action of the dynamic cutter head of the shield, and determine the limit supporting pressure required for maintaining the stability of the excavation surface, so that the stability of the excavation surface during shield tunneling construction can be ensured.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the figures are merely schematic representations of one embodiment and that the blocks or processes in the figures are not necessary to practice the present invention.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for apparatus or system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, they are described in relative terms, as long as they are described in partial descriptions of method embodiments. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus and system are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement without inventive effort.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The excavation face stability experiment equipment considering the influence of the shield cutterhead is characterized by comprising an integral frame part, a shield system, a cutterhead power control system, a soil warehouse board power control system and a monitoring system, wherein the integral frame part comprises a test box, a protective cover, a working face, a working table I and a working table II, the shield system comprises a cutterhead, a tunnel, a flange and a soil warehouse board, the cutterhead power system comprises a transmission shaft, a speed reducer II, a motor II and a frequency converter II, the soil warehouse board power control system comprises a push rod, a reaction frame, a bearing platform, a ball screw, a guide rail, a speed reducer I, a motor I and a frequency converter I, and the monitoring system comprises a laser distance measuring device and a wheel spoke type force sensor;
the frequency converter I and the frequency converter II are respectively connected with the motor I and the motor II, the rotating speed of the motors is controlled, and the cutter head can run at different rotating speeds and the soil bin plate can be propelled at different speeds;
the speed reducer I and the speed reducer II are respectively connected with the motor I and the motor II, and the speed reducer can reduce the rotating speed of the motor to obtain larger torque;
the motor I and the speed reducer I are arranged on the workbench I, and the motor II, the speed reducer II, the frequency converter I and the frequency converter II are arranged on the workbench II;
the laser ranging device is arranged on the bearing platform and records the change value of the horizontal front-back displacement of the bearing platform so as to obtain the change value of the horizontal front-back displacement of the soil warehouse board;
the spoke type force sensor is arranged at the contact position of the push rod and the reaction frame, one end of the push rod is connected with the soil bin plate, and the other end of the push rod penetrates through the spoke type force sensor and is connected with the reaction frame through a bolt;
the spoke type force sensor is arranged on the front side of the reaction frame and is used for measuring the pressure on the push rod when the soil bin plate advances, or; the push rod is arranged at the rear side of the reaction frame, and the thrust force applied to the push rod when the soil bin plate retreats is measured;
the bottom of the reaction frame is welded with the front end of the bearing platform, the bearing platform is arranged on the guide rail in a mode of being in bolted connection with the guide rail slide block, the guide rail is arranged on the workbench I in a mode of being in bolted connection, a screw rod of the ball screw penetrates through a round hole in the bottom of the reaction frame and is connected with the speed reducer I, a nut of the ball screw is fixed with the bottom of the reaction frame through a bolt, and the soil bin plate is connected with the reaction frame through a push rod so as to realize the front and back movement of the soil bin plate;
the motor I drives a screw rod of a ball screw to rotate through the speed reducer I, so that linear motion of a nut of the ball screw is realized, and then linear motion of the reaction frame on the guide rail is realized.
2. The excavation face stabilization experimental facility considering shield cutterhead influence according to claim 1, characterized in that: three non-observation surfaces of the test box are all provided with steel plates, one observation surface is provided with an organic glass plate, and the thickness of the organic glass plate is larger than that of the steel plates;
the inner side of the organic glass plate is overlapped with the axis of the tunnel;
the working table I and the working table II are fixed on a working surface through bolts and keep fixed positions, and the working surface is connected with the test box through bolts and keeps fixed positions.
3. The excavation face stabilization experimental facility considering shield cutterhead influence according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cutter head is arranged in front of the tunnel, cutters are arranged on the cutter head, 1 fishtail cutter is arranged at the center of the cutter head, 3 cutters are arranged at each spoke, the cutter head has three spokes, and the total number of the cutters is 9; the panels are arranged between the spokes, and the number of the panels is 3;
the flange is connected with the tunnel in a welding mode and fixed with the side wall of the tunnel through bolts, and the protective cover is fixed on the organic glass plate of the test box through bolts.
4. The excavation face stabilization experimental facility considering shield cutterhead influence according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cutter head is connected with the speed reducer II through a transmission shaft, and then is driven to rotate by the motor II.
5. A tunnel excavation face stability test method considering shield cutterhead influence, which is applicable to the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprises:
step A, setting test parameters, wherein the test parameters comprise size parameters, cutter head operation parameters and soil bin plate operation parameters;
b, debugging and calibrating the laser ranging device, the cutter head driving device and the soil warehouse board driving device;
step C, calibrating the friction force between the soil warehouse plate and the tunnel, and debugging and calibrating the spoke type force sensor;
step D, filling a soil sample into the test box to a set burial depth;
e, setting the cutter to be tested without rotating, starting the motor I, and testing according to the set movement parameters of the soil bin plate, wherein in the test process, the deformation damage of the soil body in front of the tunnel is photographed and observed through the organic glass plate, and the displacement change and the stress change of the soil bin plate are recorded in real time through the laser ranging device and the spoke type force sensor;
and F, setting different rotating speeds of the cutter head, repeating the steps B-D, starting the motor II, starting the motor I after the rotating speed of the motor II is stable, testing according to set test parameters, photographing and observing deformation damage of a soil body in front of the tunnel through an organic glass plate in the testing process, recording displacement change and stress change of the soil bin plate in real time through the laser ranging device and the spoke type force sensor, and determining the limit supporting pressure according to the displacement and stress relation until the test is finished.
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| CN113188994B (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2022-10-14 | 同济大学 | Excavation surface stability test device and method considering vibration effect of shield cutter head |
| CN113188995B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-07-08 | 同济大学 | Shield cutter head rotation and earth surface vibration effect excavation surface stability model test device |
| CN113281491B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-03-22 | 中国海洋大学 | Slurry shield excavation face stable model test system |
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2021
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