CN114235411B - Bearing outer ring defect positioning method - Google Patents

Bearing outer ring defect positioning method Download PDF

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CN114235411B
CN114235411B CN202111622830.4A CN202111622830A CN114235411B CN 114235411 B CN114235411 B CN 114235411B CN 202111622830 A CN202111622830 A CN 202111622830A CN 114235411 B CN114235411 B CN 114235411B
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vibration acceleration
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孟力
杨康定
杨博淙
王飞彪
刘志
楼佳妙
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Frequency Exploration Intelligent Technology Jiangsu Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fault diagnosis, and particularly relates to a method for positioning defects of an outer ring of a bearing, which comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration signals of an outer ring defect at different angular positions, and converting the horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration signals into a time-frequency matrix through a time-frequency conversion method; s2, constructing a time-frequency matrix of the same angular position after time-frequency processing into a third-order tensor; s3, performing CP decomposition on the third-order tensors, and determining the decomposition number r of the result tensors according to the original vibration acceleration signals; s4, calculating vector ratios of the result tensor mode matrix, and establishing a linear relation between all vector ratios and the angular positions. The method for positioning the defects of the outer ring of the bearing can predict the corresponding fault angle position only by inputting the vector ratio parameter into the formula, and has important engineering application value.

Description

Bearing outer ring defect positioning method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fault diagnosis, and particularly relates to a method for positioning defects of an outer ring of a bearing.
Background
Rolling bearings are one of the most likely components to fail in rotating machinery and other devices. The failure of the bearing is easy to induce the failure of the whole equipment, so the diagnosis and research of the failure of the rolling bearing are very critical for the normal operation of the maintenance equipment. At present, bearing fault diagnosis research is mainly focused on aspects of bearing fault quantitative diagnosis, bearing fault mode identification and the like. The method for diagnosing the defect positioning size of the outer ring of the rolling bearing is less, and the method for diagnosing the positioning size of the bearing is greatly helpful for maintenance and repair of the bearing. It is therefore very important to solve the problem of how to quickly and accurately predict the angular position of the bearing outer ring failure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: in the prior art, bearing fault diagnosis research is mainly focused on aspects of bearing fault quantitative diagnosis, bearing fault mode identification and the like, and the technical problem of fewer methods for positioning and size diagnosis of the defects of the outer ring of the rolling bearing is solved. The invention aims to provide a method for positioning defects of an outer ring of a bearing, which is used for accurately diagnosing the positioning size of the defects of the outer ring of the rolling bearing under noise interference and providing basic support for mechanical equipment fault prediction and health management.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a defect positioning method for a bearing outer ring comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration signals of an outer ring defect at different angular positions through a dynamic model or an experimental method, and converting the horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration signals into a time-frequency matrix through a time-frequency conversion method;
s2, constructing a time-frequency matrix of the same angular position after time-frequency processing into a third-order tensor;
s3, performing CP decomposition on the third-order tensor, and determining the decomposition number r of the result tensor according to the original vibration acceleration signal;
s4, calculating vector ratios of the result tensor mode matrix, and establishing a linear relation between all vector ratios and the angular positions.
Preferably, in step S1, the horizontal and vertical vibration accelerations of the outer ring defect at different angular positions are obtained by a dynamic model or an experimental method.
Preferably, in step S1, the specific position of the bearing system is determined by 0 ° -360 ° with respect to the power input end, with the bearing level being 0 ° to the right, the 6-point clockwise position being 270 °, and both angles; the dynamic model is to simulate the horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration of the outer ring defect at 240-270 degrees through MATLAB software; the experimental method is that a sensor is used for collecting vibration acceleration in the horizontal and vertical directions; and then the vibration acceleration time domain waveforms are converted into a time-frequency matrix by adopting the existing time-frequency method.
Further, in step S2, the horizontal and vertical time-frequency matrices of the same angular position are constructed as third-order tensors X by using a tandem method, wherein the tensors include 2 slices.
Further, in step S3, CP decomposition is performed on the third-order tensor for each angular position, including the steps of:
s31, if the vibration acceleration in the horizontal and vertical directions at the same angular position does not contain noise or has higher signal to noise ratio, the vibration acceleration can be decomposed into a result tensor, and r=1;
s32, if the vibration acceleration in the horizontal and vertical directions at the same angular position contains noise or has lower signal to noise ratio, the vibration acceleration can be decomposed into two result tensors, and r=2;
after the tensor X is decomposed by CP, three mode matrixes A, B and C are arranged in the result tensor obtained by solving
Figure BDA0003438740680000021
Wherein a is r ,b r ,c r The vectors of the pattern matrices A, B and C respectively,
Figure BDA0003438740680000022
representing the outer product, R representing the number of ranks; from this, the r-th rank tensor X can be obtained r Is the front slice matrix expression of (1), then the (r) th time-frequency matrix component of the horizontal and vertical signals is
Figure BDA0003438740680000031
Wherein X is r::1 And X r::2 Is the front and back slice in the r-th result tensor, vector c r Is that
Figure BDA0003438740680000032
From the formula (2), X r::1 And X r::2 All have a common vector a r And b r The tensor two slices differ in a vector c r C in (c) 1r Another orientation quantity c r C in (c) 2r Two slices X r::1 And X r::2 The result is vector c r The elements of (a) are correspondingly divided.
Further, in step S4, a tensor mode vector c is calculated r Vector ratio v of (2)
Figure BDA0003438740680000033
r=1 or 2 (4)
When r=1, then v=c 11 /c 21 ；
When r=2, then v=c 11 /c 21 Or c 12 /c 22 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the At this time, v is determined by a time domain waveform to obtain c 11 /c 21 Or c 12 /c 22 ；
Further, step S4 further includes:
s41, calculating a vector ratio of the horizontal vibration acceleration and the vertical vibration acceleration when the outer ring defect angular position obtained in the step S1 is 270 DEG through the steps S2 to S4, and marking as v b As a reference value for positioning;
s42, calculating a vector ratio v value of horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration when the outer ring defect angular position obtained in the step S1 is at 240 degrees through the steps S2 to S4, and marking the vector ratio v value as v (240 degrees);
s43, establishing a vector ratio v and an angular position
Figure BDA0003438740680000034
Diagnostic relationship between
Figure BDA0003438740680000035
The invention has the beneficial effects that a method for positioning the defects of the outer ring of the bearing is provided, and the fault angle position of the outer ring of the bearing system to be diagnosed is established
Figure BDA0003438740680000041
After the functional relation with the vector ratio v, the angular position of the diagnosed outer ring fault can be diagnosed by any vector ratio. The realization of the positioning diagnosis of the faults of the outer ring of the bearing is beneficial to the rapid detection of the fault position after the disassembly, and has important engineering application value and significance for bearing maintenance, bearing fault diagnosis and residual life prediction. In particular, compared to other noise reduction methods, whether there is noise in the signalThe invention can obtain the linear relation between the vector ratio and the defect angle position to make the positioning diagnosis, which can improve the diagnosis precision.
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The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for locating defects of an outer ring of a bearing according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the change in fault angular position versus vector ratio of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration signal of a bearing system of a fault system to be diagnosed according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic representations which merely illustrate the basic structure of the invention and therefore show only the structures which are relevant to the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the method for positioning defects of an outer ring of a bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following specific steps:
s1, converting horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration obtained by a dynamic model or an experimental method when the outer ring defect is at different angular positions into a time-frequency matrix by a time-frequency conversion method;
the working flow chart of the invention is shown in fig. 1, the working flow chart is characterized in that the working flow chart is used for taking the direction facing to the power input end as a reference, the bearing level is 0 DEG to the right, the clockwise 6-point position is 270 DEG, and the specific position of the bearing system is 0 DEG to 360 DEG at the two angles; considering that a typical rolling bearing outer ring defect is most likely to occur near the bearing center, i.e., in the range of 240 ° -300 °, this range is also the main bearing interval of the bearing. The linear relation between the defect angle position of the outer ring and 300-270 degrees is coincident when the defect angle position of the outer ring is 240-270 degrees, so that only one of the defect angle position and the defect angle position is considered; simulation using kinetic models
Figure BDA0003438740680000051
And horizontal vibration acceleration a at 270 DEG xo240 And a xo270 Vertical vibration acceleration a yo240 And a yo270 Sampling frequency is F s =65536 Hz; the simulated vibration acceleration a xo240 And a yo240 The time domain waveform is transformed into a time-frequency matrix M by adopting a short-time Fourier method xo240 And M yo240 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The simulated vibration acceleration a xo270 And a yo270 The time domain waveform is transformed into a time-frequency matrix M by adopting a short-time Fourier method xo270 And M yo270 ；
S2, constructing a time-frequency matrix of the same angular position after time-frequency processing into a third-order tensor;
constructing the horizontal and vertical time-frequency matrixes at the same angular position into a third-order tensor X by adopting a front-back arrangement method, wherein the tensor comprises 2 slices; according to the present embodiment, the time-frequency matrix M xo240 And M yo240 Constructed as a third-order tensor X 240 Time-frequency matrix M xo270 And M yo270 Constructed as a third-order tensor X 270 ；
S3, performing CP decomposition on the third-order tensors, and determining the number of the tensors obtained by decomposition according to the situation;
if the vibration acceleration in the horizontal and vertical directions at the same angular position does not contain noise, and interference component signals such as noise do not need to be removed at the moment, the vibration acceleration can be decomposed into a result tensor, and r=1;
if the horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration at the same angular position contains noise, the noise component in the acceleration signal needs to be removed, and the noise component and the bearing fault impact component are uncorrelated, the two uncorrelated components can be decomposed in different result tensors, so that the two result tensors need to be decomposed, and r=2;
after the tensor X is decomposed by CP, three mode matrixes A, B and C are arranged in the result tensor obtained by solving [2]
Figure BDA0003438740680000052
Wherein a is r ,b r ,c r The vectors of the pattern matrices A, B and C respectively,
Figure BDA0003438740680000053
representing the outer product, R representing the number of ranks; from this, the r-th rank tensor X can be obtained r Is the front slice matrix expression of (1), then the (r) th time-frequency matrix component of the horizontal and vertical signals is
Figure BDA0003438740680000061
Wherein X is r::1 And X r::2 Is the front and back slice in the r-th result tensor, vector c r Is that
Figure BDA0003438740680000062
r=1 or 2 (3)
From the formula (1), X r::1 And X r::2 All have a common vector a r And b r The tensor two slices differ in a vector c r C in (c) 1r Another orientation quantity c r C in (c) 2r Two slices X r::1 And X r::2 The ratio is directly the vector c r The elements of (a) are correspondingly divided.
The vibration acceleration signal by the dynamics simulation does not contain noise, so r=1 of this example; after tensor is decomposed by CP, mode vector
Figure BDA0003438740680000063
S4, calculating vector ratios of the result tensor mode matrix, and establishing a linear relation between all vector ratios and angular positions;
calculating tensor mode vector c r Vector ratio v of (a)
Figure BDA0003438740680000064
r=1 or 2 (4)
Wherein, when r=1, then v=c 11 /c 21 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When r=2, then v=c 11 /c 21 Or c 12 /c 22 At this time, v is determined by the time domain waveform of the signal 11 /c 21 Or c 12 /c 22 Drawing b r All vectors b of (3) 1 And b 2 Finding b 1 And b 2 Which signal has periodic impact and the period is consistent with the defect failure frequency of the outer ring of the bearing, if b 1 Taking c 11 /c 21 Otherwise get c 12 /c 22 ；
Then, the third-order tensor X of the outer ring defect angle position constructed in the step S2 at 270 DEG is calculated 270 Substituting into the steps S3 and S4, calculating the vector ratio v value when the angular position is 270 degrees, and recording as v b The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the example, the angular position of the defect of the outer ring can be calculated
Figure BDA0003438740680000065
The vector ratio v b ＝0.007；
Calculating vector ratio v when the angular positions are 240 degrees, and obtaining third-order tensor X when the defect angular position of the outer ring constructed in the step S2 is 240 degrees 240 Substituting the values into the steps S3 and S4, calculating a vector ratio v when the angular position is 240 degrees, and marking the vector ratio v as v (240 degrees); the example can calculate the angular position of the defect of the outer ring
Figure BDA0003438740680000071
The corresponding vector ratio v (240 °) =0.581;
finally, the vector ratio v and the angular position are established
Figure BDA0003438740680000072
Diagnostic relationship between
Figure BDA0003438740680000073
A linear relationship diagram between the outer ring defect angular position and the vector ratio constructed by the present embodiment is shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 3 shows a vibration acceleration signal in horizontal and vertical directions to be diagnosed in a positioning manner, the acceleration is transformed into two time-frequency matrixes by short-time fourier transformation, the vector ratio v=0.363 can be calculated by processing in steps S2 and S4, and the specific numerical value is substituted into v in the formula (5), so that the defect angle position can be calculated as
Figure BDA0003438740680000074
According to the embodiment, after the parameters of the bearing system are known, the corresponding fault angle position can be predicted by the formula provided by the method only by the vector ratio v. The method of the invention has the significant meaning and application value fully described.
With the above-described preferred embodiments according to the present invention as an illustration, the above-described descriptions can be used by persons skilled in the relevant art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.

Claims (4)

1. The method for positioning the defects of the outer ring of the bearing is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, acquiring horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration signals of an outer ring defect at different angular positions, and converting the horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration signals into a time-frequency matrix through a time-frequency conversion method;
s2, constructing a time-frequency matrix of the same angular position after time-frequency processing into a third-order tensor;
s3, performing CP decomposition on the third-order tensor, and determining the decomposition number r of the result tensor according to the original vibration acceleration signal;
s4, calculating vector ratios of the result tensor mode matrix, and establishing a linear relation between all vector ratios and angular positions;
in step S3, CP decomposition is performed on the tensor for each angular position, including the steps of:
s31, if the vibration acceleration in the horizontal and vertical directions at the same angular position does not contain noise, decomposing the vibration acceleration into a result tensor, and r=1;
s32, if the horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration at the same angular position contains noise, decomposing the horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration into two result tensors, and r=2;
after the third-order tensor X is decomposed by CP, three mode matrixes A, B and C are arranged in the result tensor obtained by solving
Figure FDA0004191639670000011
Wherein a is r ，b r ，c r The vectors of the pattern matrices A, B and C respectively,
Figure FDA0004191639670000012
representing the outer product, R representing the number of ranks; from this, the r-th rank tensor X can be obtained r Is the front slice matrix expression of (1), then the (r) th time-frequency matrix component of the horizontal and vertical signals is
Figure FDA0004191639670000013
Wherein X is r：：1 And X r：：2 Is the front and back slice in the r-th result tensor, vector c r Is that
Figure FDA0004191639670000014
r=1 or 2 (3)
In step S4, a tensor mode vector c is calculated r Vector ratio v of (2)
Figure FDA0004191639670000021
r=1 or 2 (4)
When r=1, then v=c 11 /c 21 ；
When r=2Then v=c 11 /c 21 Or c 12 /c 22 Determining the specific value of v through the time domain waveform of the vector;
step S4 further includes:
s41, calculating a vector ratio of the horizontal vibration acceleration and the vertical vibration acceleration when the outer ring defect angular position obtained in the step S1 is 270 DEG through the steps S2 to S4, and marking as v b As a reference value for positioning;
s42, calculating a vector ratio v value of horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration when the outer ring defect angular position obtained in the step S1 is at 240 degrees through the steps S2 to S4, and marking the vector ratio v value as v (240 degrees);
s43, establishing a vector ratio v and an angular position phi j Diagnostic relationship between
Figure FDA0004191639670000022
2. The method for locating defects on an outer ring of a bearing according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, horizontal and vertical vibration accelerations of the outer ring defects at different angular positions are obtained by a dynamic model or an experimental method.
3. The method for positioning the defects of the outer ring of the bearing according to claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the specific position of the bearing system is determined by taking the facing power input end as a reference, taking the bearing level to the right as 0 degrees, taking the clockwise 6-point position as 270 degrees, and taking the two angles as 0 degrees to 360 degrees; the dynamic model is to simulate the horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration of the outer ring defect at 240-270 degrees through MATLAB software; the experimental method is to collect vibration acceleration in the horizontal and vertical directions by using a sensor, and then transform the vibration acceleration time domain waveforms into a time-frequency matrix by adopting the existing time-frequency method.
4. A method of locating a bearing outer race defect according to claim 3, wherein in step S2, the horizontal and vertical time-frequency matrices for the same angular position are constructed as third-order tensors X using a tandem arrangement, wherein the tensors comprise 2 slices.
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US10748080B2 (en) * 2015-12-04 2020-08-18 Shenzhen Institutes Of Advanced Technology Method for processing tensor data for pattern recognition and computer device
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