CN114235411A - Bearing outer ring defect positioning method - Google Patents

Bearing outer ring defect positioning method Download PDF

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CN114235411A
CN114235411A CN202111622830.4A CN202111622830A CN114235411A CN 114235411 A CN114235411 A CN 114235411A CN 202111622830 A CN202111622830 A CN 202111622830A CN 114235411 A CN114235411 A CN 114235411A
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outer ring
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孟力
杨康定
杨博淙
王飞彪
刘志
楼佳妙
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Frequency Exploration Intelligent Technology Jiangsu Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fault diagnosis, and particularly relates to a bearing outer ring defect positioning method, which comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration signals of the outer ring defect at different angular positions, and converting the signals into a time-frequency matrix by a time-frequency transformation method; s2, constructing the time-frequency matrix at the same angular position after time-frequency processing into a third-order tensor; s3, performing CP decomposition on the third-order tensor, and determining the decomposition number r of the result tensor according to the original vibration acceleration signal; and S4, calculating vector ratios of the result tensor mode matrix, and establishing a linear relation between all the vector ratios and the angular positions. The bearing outer ring defect positioning method can predict the corresponding fault angle position by inputting the vector ratio parameter into the formula, and has important engineering application value.

Description

Bearing outer ring defect positioning method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fault diagnosis, and particularly relates to a bearing outer ring defect positioning method.
Background
A rolling bearing is one of the most likely parts to fail in equipment such as a rotary machine. When a bearing fails, the entire equipment is easily induced to fail, and therefore, the fault diagnosis and study of the rolling bearing are very critical to the normal operation of maintenance equipment. At present, bearing fault diagnosis research mainly focuses on bearing fault quantitative diagnosis, bearing fault mode identification and the like. The method for diagnosing the defect positioning size of the outer ring of the rolling bearing is less, the maintenance and repair work of the bearing is realized by the positioning diagnosis of the bearing, and the improvement of the working efficiency is greatly facilitated. Therefore, it is very important to solve the problem of how to quickly and accurately predict the fault angle position of the bearing outer ring.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in the prior art, bearing fault diagnosis research mainly focuses on bearing fault quantitative diagnosis, bearing fault mode identification and the like, and aims at solving the technical problem that the method for diagnosing the defect positioning size of the outer ring of the rolling bearing is less. The invention aims to provide a bearing outer ring defect positioning method, which is used for accurately diagnosing the positioning size of the defect of the outer ring of a rolling bearing under the condition of noise interference and providing basic support for fault prediction and health management of mechanical equipment.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a bearing outer ring defect positioning method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration signals of the outer ring defect at different angular positions through a dynamic model or an experimental method, and converting the signals into a time-frequency matrix through a time-frequency transformation method;
s2, constructing the time-frequency matrix at the same angular position after time-frequency processing into a third-order tensor;
s3, performing CP decomposition on the third-order tensor, and determining the decomposition number r of the result tensor according to the original vibration acceleration signal;
and S4, calculating vector ratios of the result tensor mode matrix, and establishing a linear relation between all the vector ratios and the angular positions.
Preferably, in step S1, the horizontal and vertical vibration accelerations of the outer ring defect at different angular positions are obtained through a dynamic model or an experimental method.
Preferably, in step S1, the specific position of 0 ° -360 ° in the bearing system is determined by taking the bearing horizontal right as 0 ° and the clockwise 6-position as 270 ° with reference to the facing power input end; the dynamic model simulates the vibration acceleration of the outer ring defect in the horizontal and vertical directions of 240-270 degrees through MATLAB software; the experimental method is that a sensor is used for collecting vibration acceleration in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction; and then the vibration acceleration time domain waveforms are transformed into a time frequency matrix by adopting the existing time frequency method.
Further, in step S2, the horizontal and vertical time-frequency matrices of the same angular position are constructed as a third-order tensor X by using a tandem method, where the tensor includes 2 slices.
Further, in step S3, the CP decomposition is performed on the third order tensor of each angular position, which includes the following steps:
s31, if the horizontal and vertical vibration accelerations at the same angular position contain no noise or have a high signal-to-noise ratio, the acceleration may be decomposed into one resultant tensor, and r is 1;
s32, if the vibration acceleration at the same angular position in the horizontal and vertical directions contains noise or the signal-to-noise ratio is low, the vibration acceleration can be decomposed into two resultant tensors, and r is 2;
after the tensor X is decomposed by the CP, three mode matrixes A, B and C are in the solved result tensor
Figure BDA0003438740680000021
Wherein, ar,br,crVectors for the mode matrices A, B and C respectively,
Figure BDA0003438740680000022
represents the outer product, and R represents the number of ranks; from this, the r-th rank order quantity XrThe expression of the front-side slice matrix is such that the r-th time-frequency matrix component of the horizontal and vertical signals is
Figure BDA0003438740680000031
Wherein Xr::1And Xr::2Is a slice before and after the r-th result tensor, vector crIs composed of
Figure BDA0003438740680000032
As can be seen from the formula (2), Xr::1And Xr::2All have a common vector arAnd brThe two slices of the tensor differ by one fetch vector crC in (1)1rAnother vector c is takenrC in (1)2rTwo slices Xr::1And Xr::2Ratioing, the result being a vector crThe elements in (1) are divided correspondingly.
Further, in step S4, a tensor mode vector c is calculatedrV is the vector ratio of
Figure BDA0003438740680000033
r 1 or 2 (4)
When r is 1, v is c11/c21；
When r is 2, v is c11/c21Or c12/c22(ii) a At the moment, v is determined by time domain waveform, and c is specifically selected11/c21Or c12/c22；
Further, step S4 further includes:
s41, calculating the vector ratio of the horizontal vibration acceleration and the vertical vibration acceleration of the outer ring at the outer ring defect angle position of 270 degrees acquired in the step S1 through the steps S2 to S4, and recording the vector ratio as vbAs a reference value for positioning;
s42, calculating a vector ratio v value through steps S2 to S4 according to the horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration of the outer ring flaw angle position obtained in the step S1 when the outer ring flaw angle position is 240 degrees, and recording the value as v (240 degrees);
s43, establishing a vector ratio v and an angular position
Figure BDA0003438740680000034
The diagnostic relation between
Figure BDA0003438740680000035
The invention has the beneficial effects that the invention provides a bearing outer ring defect positioning method, which is used for establishing the outer ring fault angle position of a bearing system to be diagnosed
Figure BDA0003438740680000041
After the function relation with the vector ratio v, the angular position of the diagnosed outer ring fault can be confirmed by any vector ratio. The fault location diagnosis of the bearing outer ring is realized, so that the fault location can be rapidly found out after the machine is disassembled, and the method has important engineering application value and significance for bearing maintenance, bearing fault diagnosis and residual life prediction. In particular, compared with other noise reduction methods, no matter whether noise exists in the signal, no noise exists in the signal or interference of a modulation signal exists in the signal, the linear relation between the vector ratio and the position of the defect angle obtained by the method can be used for positioning diagnosis, and the diagnosis precision can be improved.
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The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a bearing outer race defect locating method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the change in fault angle position versus vector ratio of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph showing vibration acceleration signals in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the bearing system of the system to be diagnosed for failure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, which are embodiments of the present invention, a method for locating a defect of a bearing outer ring includes the following specific steps:
s1, converting the horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration of the outer ring defect obtained by a dynamic model or an experimental method at different angular positions into a time-frequency matrix by a time-frequency transformation method;
referring to fig. 1, the working flow chart of the present invention is shown, and the specific position of 0-360 ° in the bearing system is determined by using the bearing horizontal right angle as 0 ° and the clockwise 6-position as 270 ° with the facing power input end as the reference; considering that the defect of the outer ring of the common rolling bearing is most likely to occur near the bearing center, namely in the range of 240-300 degrees, the range is also the main bearing interval of the bearing. And the outer ring defect angle position is coincident with the linear relation of 300-270 degrees when the outer ring defect angle position is 240-270 degrees, so only one of the two conditions needs to be considered; simulation using a kinetic model
Figure BDA0003438740680000051
And horizontal vibration acceleration a at 270 degxo240And axo270Acceleration of vertical vibration ayo240And ayo270Sampling frequency of Fs65536 Hz; simulating the obtained vibration acceleration axo240And ayo240The time domain waveform is transformed into a time frequency matrix M by adopting a short-time Fourier methodxo240And Myo240(ii) a Simulating the obtained vibration acceleration axo270And ayo270The time domain waveform is transformed into a time frequency matrix M by adopting a short-time Fourier methodxo270And Myo270；
S2, constructing the time-frequency matrix at the same angular position after time-frequency processing into a third-order tensor;
constructing a horizontal and vertical time-frequency matrix of the same angular position into a third-order tensor X by adopting a front-back arrangement method, wherein the tensor comprises 2 slices; according to this embodiment, the time-frequency matrix Mxo240And Myo240Constructed as a third order tensor X240A time-frequency matrix Mxo270And Myo270Constructed as a third order tensor X270；
S3, performing CP decomposition on the third-order tensor, and determining the number of the decomposed result tensors according to the situation;
if the horizontal and vertical vibration accelerations at the same angular position do not contain noise, and at this time, it is not necessary to remove interference component signals such as noise, the acceleration can be decomposed into one result tensor, and r is 1;
if the vibration acceleration in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction at the same angular position contains noise, the noise component in the acceleration signal needs to be removed, and the noise component and the bearing fault impact component are unrelated, the two unrelated components can be decomposed into two result tensors, so that the two result tensors need to be decomposed, and r is 2;
after the tensor X is decomposed by the CP, three mode matrixes A, B and C are in the solved result tensor[2]
Figure BDA0003438740680000052
Wherein, ar,br,crVectors for the mode matrices A, B and C respectively,
Figure BDA0003438740680000053
represents the outer product, and R represents the number of ranks; from this, the r-th rank order quantity XrThe expression of the front-side slice matrix is such that the r-th time-frequency matrix component of the horizontal and vertical signals is
Figure BDA0003438740680000061
Wherein Xr::1And Xr::2Is a slice before and after the r-th result tensor, vector crIs composed of
Figure BDA0003438740680000062
r 1 or 2 (3)
As can be seen from the formula (1), Xr::1And Xr::2All have a common vector arAnd brTensorThe difference between the two slices is that one takes the vector crC in (1)1rAnother vector c is takenrC in (1)2rTwo slices Xr::1And Xr::2Ratioing, the ratio being directly the vector crThe elements in (1) are divided correspondingly.
The vibration acceleration signal through the dynamics simulation does not contain noise, so r of the example is 1; after the tensor is decomposed by CP, the mode vector
Figure BDA0003438740680000063
S4, calculating the vector ratio of the result tensor mode matrix, and establishing a linear relation between all the vector ratios and the angular positions;
computing tensor mode vector crV is the vector ratio of
Figure BDA0003438740680000064
r 1 or 2 (4)
Wherein, when r is 1, v is c11/c21(ii) a When r is 2, v is c11/c21Or c12/c22At the moment, v is determined to be specific and c is specifically selected according to the time domain waveform of the signal11/c21Or c12/c22Drawing brAll vectors b in1And b2Time domain waveform of (a), find b1And b2Which signal has periodic impact, and the period is consistent with the fault frequency of the bearing outer ring defect, if b1Then get c11/c21Otherwise, get c12/c22；
Next, the third order tensor X at the outer ring defect angle position of 270 ° constructed in step S2 is expressed270Substituting into steps S3 and S4, calculating the value of the vector ratio v at the angular position of 270 DEG, and recording as vb(ii) a According to the bearing of the embodiment, the position of the defective angle of the outer ring can be calculated
Figure BDA0003438740680000065
The vector ratio of time is vb＝0.007；
Then, the vector ratio v at the angular position of 240 degrees is calculated, and the third-order tensor X of the outer ring defect angular position constructed in the step S2 at the angular position of 240 degrees is used240Substituting into steps S3 and S4, calculating the value of the vector ratio v at the angular position of 240 DEG, and recording as v (240 DEG); the example can calculate the position of the outer ring defect angle
Figure BDA0003438740680000071
The corresponding vector ratio v (240 °) is 0.581;
finally establishing a vector ratio v and an angular position
Figure BDA0003438740680000072
The diagnostic relation between
Figure BDA0003438740680000073
The linear relationship between the outer ring defect angle position and the vector ratio constructed by the present embodiment is shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 3 shows a vibration acceleration signal in the horizontal and vertical directions for a diagnosis to be located, the acceleration is transformed into two time-frequency matrices by short-time fourier transform, then the vector ratio v is calculated to be 0.363 by processing in steps S2 and S4, the specific value is substituted into v in formula (5), and the defect angle position can be calculated to be v
Figure BDA0003438740680000074
According to the embodiment, after the parameters of the bearing system are known, the corresponding fault angle position can be predicted by the formula provided by the method only by using the parameter of the vector ratio v. The important significance and the application value of the method are fully explained.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims (7)

1. A bearing outer ring defect positioning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration signals of the outer ring defect at different angular positions, and converting the signals into a time-frequency matrix by a time-frequency transformation method;
s2, constructing the time-frequency matrix at the same angular position after time-frequency processing into a third-order tensor;
s3, performing CP decomposition on the third-order tensor, and determining the decomposition number r of the result tensor according to the original vibration acceleration signal;
and S4, calculating vector ratios of the result tensor mode matrix, and establishing a linear relation between all the vector ratios and the angular positions.
2. The diagnostic method as set forth in claim 1, wherein in step S1, horizontal and vertical vibration accelerations of the outer ring defect at different angular positions are obtained by a dynamic model or an experimental method.
3. The diagnostic method of claim 2, wherein in step S1, the specific position of 0 ° -360 ° in the bearing system is determined at two angles, with the bearing horizontal at 0 ° to the right and the 6 ° clockwise position at 270 ° with reference to the power input end facing; the dynamic model simulates the vibration acceleration of the outer ring defect in the horizontal and vertical directions of 240-270 degrees through MATLAB software; the experimental method is that a sensor is used for collecting vibration acceleration in horizontal and vertical directions, and then the vibration acceleration time domain waveforms are converted into a time domain matrix by adopting the existing time domain method.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein in step S2, the horizontal and vertical time-frequency matrix of the same angular position is constructed as a third order tensor X using a tandem method, wherein the tensor comprises 2 slices.
5. The diagnostic method of claim 4, wherein the CP decomposition of the tensor for each angular position in step S3 comprises the steps of:
s31, if the horizontal and vertical vibration accelerations at the same angular position do not contain noise, decomposing the acceleration into one resultant tensor, where r is 1;
s32, decomposing the vibration acceleration at the same angular position into two resultant tensors if the vibration acceleration contains noise in the horizontal and vertical directions, where r is 2;
after the third-order tensor X is decomposed by the CP, three mode matrixes A, B and C are in the result tensor obtained by solving
Figure FDA0003438740670000021
Wherein, ar,br,crVectors for the mode matrices A, B and C respectively,
Figure FDA0003438740670000025
represents the outer product, and R represents the number of ranks; from this, the r-th rank order quantity XrThe expression of the front-side slice matrix is such that the r-th time-frequency matrix component of the horizontal and vertical signals is
Figure FDA0003438740670000022
Wherein Xr::1And Xr::2Is a slice before and after the r-th result tensor, vector crIs composed of
Figure FDA0003438740670000023
6. The diagnostic method of claim 5, wherein in step S4, a tensor mode vector c is calculatedrV is the vector ratio of
Figure FDA0003438740670000024
When r is 1, v is c11/c21；
When r is 2, v is c11/c21Or c12/c22And determining the specific value of v through the time domain waveform of the vector.
7. The diagnostic method of claim 6, wherein step S4 further comprises:
s41, calculating the vector ratio of the horizontal vibration acceleration and the vertical vibration acceleration of the outer ring at the outer ring defect angle position of 270 degrees acquired in the step S1 through the steps S2 to S4, and recording the vector ratio as vbAs a reference value for positioning;
s42, calculating a vector ratio v value through steps S2 to S4 according to the horizontal and vertical vibration acceleration of the outer ring flaw angle position obtained in the step S1 when the outer ring flaw angle position is 240 degrees, and recording the value as v (240 degrees);
s43, establishing a vector ratio v and an angular position
Figure FDA0003438740670000031
The diagnostic relation between
Figure FDA0003438740670000032
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