CN114235349A - Composite absorber structure of full-absorption high-energy laser energy meter - Google Patents
Composite absorber structure of full-absorption high-energy laser energy meter Download PDFInfo
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- CN114235349A CN114235349A CN202111488038.4A CN202111488038A CN114235349A CN 114235349 A CN114235349 A CN 114235349A CN 202111488038 A CN202111488038 A CN 202111488038A CN 114235349 A CN114235349 A CN 114235349A
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007707 calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000416536 Euproctis pseudoconspersa Species 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/02—Details
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite absorber structure of a full-absorption high-energy laser energy meter, which comprises a main absorber, a receiving cone and a reflector, wherein the main absorber is arranged on the main absorber; the main absorber is a combined cavity, the receiving cone is movably connected with an opening of the main absorber, the receiving cone is composed of two sections of cone-shaped structures which are movably connected and have different cone angles, the reflector is positioned at the bottom in the main absorber and opposite to the opening of the main absorber, and the main absorber and the receiving cone are connected through a connecting transition piece with low thermal conductivity; the high-energy laser beam enters the main absorber after being incident along the direction parallel to the axis of the receiving cone and the main absorber, and is reflected by the inner surface of the receiving cone and then enters the main absorber, and is absorbed after being reflected for multiple times on the inner surface of the main absorber. The invention effectively controls the whole size of the laser energy meter, improves the laser damage resistance of the energy meter, reduces the energy loss of the opening escape and improves the measurement accuracy of the high-energy laser energy meter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-energy laser optical parameter measurement, in particular to a composite absorber structure of a full-absorption high-energy laser energy meter.
Background
Accurate measurement of the output energy of a high-energy laser is an important index for evaluating the quality of the laser and the development level of the laser. For quantitative measurement of high-energy laser energy, if indirect methods such as attenuation and sampling are adopted, the sampling ratio of an attenuation and sampling element is easy to change under the action of laser, and the energy measurement has great errors due to small change of the sampling ratio. Direct measurements are therefore required. Traditional photoelectric and pyroelectric methods are not applicable, and calorimetry is generally adopted. The calorimetry can realize the complete absorption measurement of the laser energy directly without attenuation, and can ensure the accuracy of the measurement result. At present, standard devices for measuring laser energy and power at home and abroad are generally established on the basis of the method. The total absorption laser energy meter based on the calorimetry principle generally adopts a laser absorber to absorb and convert laser energy into heat, and measures the incident laser energy by measuring the temperature increment of the absorber.
The laser absorber is an important component of the total absorption laser energy meter. The design of the absorber ensures the realization of the technical index requirements such as receiving aperture, maximum range and the like; uniform irradiation of laser in the absorption cavity is realized as much as possible; the laser damage resistance of the absorption cavity is effectively improved; the escape loss of light is reduced to the maximum extent; the distributed winding of the temperature sensor is easy; and reduce the processing difficulty, etc.
In the selection of the structural form of the absorber, the absorber widely used at present is in two forms of a conical cavity and an integrating sphere which are used for improving the absorptivity through multiple reflection, and is of an integrated structure. The two forms are described in the article named "design of conical high-energy laser total absorption energy meter for graphite" (Wei Shenfeng et al, Chinese laser 2015, 42 (2): 0208006-1-0208006-10) and the article named "application of integrating sphere technology in high-energy laser energy measurement" (Lu Guangdong et al, intense laser and particle beam, 2000, 12(s 0): 106-. However, the energy accumulated in the cone top of a pure cone cavity is easy to cause breakdown, and if the incident direction has deviation, the light beam is easy to reflect out of the cone, which causes energy loss, so that the measurement result is incorrect. In the single integrating sphere structure, the light beam energy may escape from the opening part of the sphere, and in order to minimize the escaping energy, the diameter of the integrating sphere needs to be increased, which makes the laser energy meter relatively large.
It is therefore desirable to provide a new absorber structure for a total absorption high energy laser energy meter to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a composite absorber structure of a full-absorption high-energy laser energy meter, which can improve the measurement accuracy of the high-energy laser energy meter.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: the composite absorber structure of the full-absorption high-energy laser energy meter comprises a main absorber, a receiving cone and a reflecting mirror;
the main absorber is a combined cavity, the receiving cone is movably connected with an opening of the main absorber, the receiving cone is composed of two sections of cone-shaped structures which are movably connected and have different cone angles, the reflector is positioned at the bottom in the main absorber and opposite to the opening of the main absorber, and the main absorber and the receiving cone are connected through a connecting transition piece with low thermal conductivity;
the high-energy laser beam enters the main absorber after being incident along the direction parallel to the axis of the receiving cone and the main absorber, and is reflected by the inner surface of the receiving cone and then enters the main absorber, and is absorbed after being reflected for multiple times on the inner surface of the main absorber.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main absorber is a cavity composed of a cylindrical cavity, a front conical end cover and a rear conical end cover, and the front conical end cover and the rear conical end cover are respectively connected with the front end face and the rear end face of the cylindrical cavity through bolts.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the main absorber is a spherical cavity formed by two hemispherical cavities connected in combination.
Furthermore, the main absorber is made of forged red copper or aluminum, and the inner surface of the main absorber is subjected to oxidation sand blasting treatment.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the receiving cone is composed of a first conical structure and a second conical structure, and the first conical structure and the second conical structure are connected through threads.
Further, the material of the receiving cone is brass, and the inner surface of the receiving cone is plated with gold after being polished.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer surfaces of the main absorber and the receiving cone are provided with a spiral groove or a plurality of linear grooves, and temperature sensors are uniformly distributed in the grooves and used for measuring the temperature increment of the main absorber and the receiving cone before and after laser incidence to obtain the incident laser energy.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mirror is fixed by means of a mirror mount to the inner surface opposite the opening of the main absorber, with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the opening of the main absorber.
Furthermore, the reflector is a conical reflector or a spherical reflector, the material is brass, and the surface of the reflector is polished and then plated with a gold film.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the connecting transition piece is cast aluminum with relatively low thermal conductivity, and is connected with the receiving cone by screws and is connected with the main absorber by threads.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the laser receiving cone is used as a laser receiving part, a segmented cone structure is adopted, and the opening diameter of the main absorber is fully utilized in the two-segment cone apex angle structure form, so that the laser receiving aperture is ensured, the escape loss of laser to be detected is reduced, and the overall dimension of a laser energy meter is effectively controlled;
(2) the main absorber is a combined cavity, so that the processing and the installation are convenient, the inner surface of the main absorber is treated by oxidation sand blasting to form a more uniform diffuse reflection surface, and the measured laser can be uniformly irradiated in the main absorption cavity as much as possible;
(3) in order to improve the laser damage resistance of the main absorber, the invention is provided with the reflector with a higher laser damage threshold. Part of light beams directly entering the main absorber from the opening of the main absorber are irradiated on the reflector, so that incident laser beams are diffused and are uniformly irradiated on the inner surface of the main absorber through multiple diffuse reflections of the inner wall of the absorption cavity to be completely absorbed, and meanwhile, the maximum power density irradiated on the inner surface of the main absorber is reduced by the diffused light beams, so that the laser damage resistance of the main absorber is improved;
(4) the composite absorber structure combines the advantages of the conical cavity and the integrating sphere absorber, effectively controls the whole size of the laser energy meter on the premise of ensuring the receiving aperture, reduces the escape loss of laser to be measured, and improves the laser damage resistance and the measurement accuracy of the laser energy meter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of a composite absorber structure for a total absorption high energy laser energetics of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mirror;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another preferred embodiment of the composite absorber structure of the total absorption high energy laser energy meter.
The parts in the drawings are numbered as follows: 1. the main absorber, 11, a cylindrical cavity, 12, a front conical end cover, 13, a rear conical end cover, 2, a receiving cone, 21, a first conical structure, 22, a second conical structure, 3, a reflector, 31, a reflector seat, 4 and a connecting transition piece.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention.
The total absorption type high-energy laser energy meter is based on a calorimetry principle, adopts a laser absorber to absorb laser energy completely, and realizes energy measurement of incident laser by measuring the temperature increment of the laser absorber. The laser absorber is a key component of the high-energy laser energy meter, and the invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 1, a composite absorber structure of a total absorption high energy laser energy meter includes a main absorber 1, a receiving cone 2, and a reflector 3. The main absorber 1 is a combined cavity, the receiving cone 2 is movably connected with an opening of the main absorber 3, the receiving cone 2 is composed of two sections of cone-shaped structures which are movably connected and have different cone angles, the reflector 3 is positioned at the bottom of the main absorber 1 opposite to the opening of the main absorber 1, and the main absorber 1 and the receiving cone 2 are connected through a connecting transition piece 4 with low thermal conductivity. When high-energy laser beams are incident along the direction parallel to the axes of the receiving cone 2 and the main absorber 1, the high-energy laser beams enter the main absorber 1 after being reflected by the inner surface of the receiving cone 2, and are uniformly absorbed by the material of the inner surface of the main absorber 1 after being reflected for multiple times on the inner surface of the main absorber 1. Part of the light beam directly entering the main absorber 1 from the opening of the main absorber 1 is irradiated on the reflecting mirror 3, and the incident laser beam is dispersed by the reflecting mirror 3 and is uniformly absorbed after being subjected to multiple times of diffuse reflection on the inner wall of the main absorber 1.
In this example, the main absorber 1 is a cavity composed of a cylindrical cavity 11, a front conical end cover 12 and a rear conical end cover 13, and the front conical end cover 12 and the rear conical end cover 13 are respectively connected with the front end face and the rear end face of the cylindrical cavity 11 through bolts. Preferably, the main absorber 1 is made of red copper material with good heat conduction, higher melting point and relatively stronger laser damage resistance, and can also be made of aluminum. In order to realize the most uniform irradiation of the laser to be detected in the main absorption cavity, the inner surface of the main absorption body 1 is treated by oxidation sand blasting to form a more uniform diffuse reflection surface.
The receiving cone 2 is composed of two sections of conical cavities, namely a first conical structure 21 and a second conical structure 22, and the two sections of conical structures with different cone angles are connected through threads and jackscrews. The two-section cone apex angle structure makes full use of the opening diameter of the main absorber 1, so that the peripheral part of the incident laser beam is reflected by the inner surface of the first conical structure 21 and then irradiates the rear half part of the main absorber 1, and the middle part of the incident laser beam is reflected by the inner surface of the second conical structure 22 and then irradiates the front half part of the main absorber 1. The design of the receiving cone 2 ensures the laser receiving aperture, reduces the opening diameter of the main absorber 1, reduces the escape loss of the laser to be measured and effectively controls the overall dimension of the laser energy meter.
Preferably, the receiving cone 2 is made of brass, and the inner surface of the receiving cone 2 is polished and plated with gold, so that the laser damage resistance of the receiving cone 2 is effectively improved. The incident laser is reflected by the receiving cone 2 and then enters the main absorber 1, so that the average power density of the laser irradiated on the inner surface of the main absorber 1 is reduced, and the uniform absorption of the laser to be detected in the main absorber 1 is realized.
For the receiving cone 2, the size of the cone angle determines the number of times the light beam can be reflected at the cone wall without back escape, and by the geometrical principle, if the cone vertex angle is β, the incident angle γ of the nth reflected light ray with respect to the cone edge is (2n +1) β/2, and the condition that γ is not returned back is γ < π/2. In order to reduce the energy loss caused by the receiving cone 2 as much as possible, a two-section cone apex angle structure is adopted, so that light beams in all areas of laser spots can enter the main absorber 1 only by being reflected once by the inner surface of the cone. The apex angles β 1 and β 2 are selected based on the principle that the light beam can enter the main absorber 1 after being reflected once by the cone at the positions. The thickness of the wall of the receiving cone 2 is based on ensuring certain rigidity, and simultaneously the difficulty degree of mechanical processing is considered.
The connecting transition piece 4 between the main absorber 1 and the receiving cone 2 is made of cast aluminum material with low thermal conductivity. The connecting transition piece 4 is connected with the receiving cone 2 by screws and is connected with the main absorber 1 by threads. The connecting transition piece 4 plays a role in connecting the main absorber 1 and the receiving cone 2 on one hand, and plays a role in heat insulation between the main absorber 1 and the receiving cone 2 on the other hand, so that accurate measurement of respective temperature increment of the main absorber 1 and the receiving cone 2 is facilitated.
In this example, as shown in fig. 2, the reflecting mirror 3 is a conical reflecting mirror, which is slightly larger than the opening diameter of the main absorber 1, and the vertex angle of the cone may be 120 degrees. The surface of the brass material is polished and plated with gold. The conical mirror 3 is fixed to the inner surface opposite to the opening of the main absorber 1 by a mirror mount 31. Part of the light beam directly entering the main absorber 1 from the opening of the main absorber 1 is irradiated on the conical reflector 3, so that the incident laser beam is diffused, and is uniformly irradiated on the inner surface of the main absorber 1 through multiple diffuse reflection of the inner wall of the absorption cavity so as to be completely absorbed. Meanwhile, the maximum power density irradiated on the inner surface of the main absorber 1 is reduced by the divergent light beams, so that the laser damage resistance of the main absorber 1 is improved.
The outer surfaces of the main absorber 1 and the receiving cone 2 are provided with spiral grooves or a plurality of linear grooves (not shown in the figure), temperature sensors are uniformly distributed in the grooves and used for measuring the temperature increment of the main absorber 1 and the receiving cone 2 before and after laser incidence, and the measured value of the temperature increment can accurately represent the integral average temperature rise of the absorber. The change of the resistance value of the temperature sensor before and after the laser is incident is detected by a measuring circuit, so that the temperature increment of the main absorber 1 and the receiving cone 2 after the laser is incident can be obtained, and the total energy of the incident laser is obtained.
The temperature increase after laser energy injection is measured by the respective temperature sensors for the main absorber 1 and the acceptance cone 2. The incident laser energy is calculated as the sum of the energies measured by the temperature sensors at the outer surfaces of the main absorber 1 and the acceptance cone 2, so that the energy measurement can be expressed as
E＝E1+E2＝k1M1C1ΔT1+k2M2C2ΔT2 (1)
M, C and delta T, E, k respectively represent mass, specific heat, temperature increment, energy measured value and correction coefficient; the subscripts 1, 2 refer to the main absorber and the acceptance cone, respectively.
The main absorber 1 is fixed on a laser energy meter base plate through two supporting pieces, the supporting and fixing pieces are made of cast aluminum materials, and black plastics are sprayed on the surface of the supporting and fixing pieces. Insulating beads of teflon are used between the support and the main absorber 1 to provide thermal insulation. The laser energy meter adopting the composite absorber structure can be arranged on the movable hydraulic lifting platform so as to be convenient to carry and adjust the height of the optical axis.
Example 2:
a composite absorber structure of a full-absorption high-energy laser energy meter comprises a main absorber 1, an acceptance cone 2 and a reflecting mirror 3. In this example, referring to fig. 3, the main absorber 1 is a spherical cavity formed by combining and connecting two hemispherical cavities.
The outer surfaces of the main absorber 1 and the receiving cone 2 are provided with spiral grooves or a plurality of linear grooves (shown in the figure), temperature sensors are uniformly distributed in the grooves and used for measuring the temperature increment of the main absorber 1 and the receiving cone 2 before and after laser incidence, and the measured value of the temperature increment can accurately represent the integral average temperature rise of the absorber.
The reflecting mirror is a spherical mirror. The rest of the process is the same as that of embodiment 1, and is not described herein.
The composite absorber structure combines the advantages of the conical cavity and the integrating sphere absorber, effectively controls the whole size of the laser energy meter on the premise of ensuring the receiving aperture, reduces the escape loss of laser to be measured, and improves the laser damage resistance and the measurement accuracy of the laser energy meter.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A composite absorber structure of a full-absorption high-energy laser energy meter is characterized by comprising a main absorber, a receiving cone and a reflecting mirror;
the main absorber is a combined cavity, the receiving cone is movably connected with an opening of the main absorber, the receiving cone is composed of two sections of cone-shaped structures which are movably connected and have different cone angles, the reflector is positioned at the bottom in the main absorber and opposite to the opening of the main absorber, and the main absorber and the receiving cone are connected through a connecting transition piece with low thermal conductivity;
the high-energy laser beam enters the main absorber after being incident along the direction parallel to the axis of the receiving cone and the main absorber, and is reflected by the inner surface of the receiving cone and then enters the main absorber, and is absorbed after being reflected for multiple times on the inner surface of the main absorber.
2. The structure of the composite absorber of the total absorption high energy laser energy meter according to claim 1, wherein the main absorber is a cavity consisting of a cylindrical cavity, a front conical end cap and a rear conical end cap, and the front conical end cap and the rear conical end cap are respectively connected with the front end face and the rear end face of the cylindrical cavity through bolts.
3. The structure of a composite absorber of a total absorption high energy laser energy meter according to claim 1, wherein the main absorber is a spherical cavity formed by two hemispherical cavity bodies which are combined and connected.
4. The composite absorber structure of the total absorption high energy laser energy meter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the material of the main absorber is forged red copper or aluminum, and the inner surface of the main absorber is subjected to oxidation sand blasting.
5. The composite absorber structure of the total absorption high energy laser energy meter according to claim 1, wherein the receiving cone is composed of a first conical structure and a second conical structure, and the first conical structure and the second conical structure are connected by a screw thread.
6. The composite absorber structure of the total absorption high energy laser energy meter according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the material of the receiving cone is brass, and the inner surface of the receiving cone is polished and plated with gold.
7. The composite absorber structure of the total absorption high energy laser energy meter according to claim 1, wherein the outer surfaces of the main absorber and the receiving cone are provided with a spiral groove or a plurality of linear grooves, and temperature sensors are uniformly distributed in the grooves and used for measuring the temperature increment of the main absorber and the receiving cone before and after laser incidence to obtain the incident laser energy.
8. The structure of a composite absorber of a total absorption high energy laser energy meter according to claim 1, wherein the reflector is fixed to the inner surface opposite to the opening of the main absorber by a reflector holder, and the diameter of the reflector is slightly larger than the diameter of the opening of the main absorber.
9. The composite absorber structure of the total absorption high energy laser energy meter according to claim 1 or 8, wherein the reflector is a cone reflector or a spherical reflector, the material is brass, and the surface of the reflector is polished and plated with gold.
10. The composite absorber structure of a total absorption high energy laser energy meter according to claim 1, wherein the connecting transition piece is cast aluminum with relatively low thermal conductivity, and is connected with the receiving cone by a screw and is connected with the main absorber by a screw thread.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4267824A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1981-05-19 | Hayakawa Associates | Solar concentrator |
| DE3027590A1 (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1982-02-11 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Hollow absorber for high energy laser beam - has internal reflecting cone to spread radiation over internal surface |
| CN103389157A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-11-13 | 西北核技术研究所 | High-energy laser beam expanding and absorbing device |
| CN111637967A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-08 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Universal solid absorption type high-energy laser energy measuring probe |
-
2021
- 2021-12-07 CN CN202111488038.4A patent/CN114235349A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4267824A (en) * | 1979-07-30 | 1981-05-19 | Hayakawa Associates | Solar concentrator |
| DE3027590A1 (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1982-02-11 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Hollow absorber for high energy laser beam - has internal reflecting cone to spread radiation over internal surface |
| CN103389157A (en) * | 2013-07-26 | 2013-11-13 | 西北核技术研究所 | High-energy laser beam expanding and absorbing device |
| CN111637967A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-09-08 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Universal solid absorption type high-energy laser energy measuring probe |
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| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Li Nan Inventor after: Zhang Jinghui Inventor after: Yang Gaochao Inventor after: Qiao Chunhong Inventor after: Hu Ming Inventor after: Feng Xiaoxing Inventor after: Shen Wei Inventor before: Li Nan Inventor before: Qiao Chunhong Inventor before: Yang Gaochao Inventor before: Zhang Jinghui Inventor before: Hu Ming Inventor before: Feng Xiaoxing Inventor before: Shen Wei |