CN114235208A - Comprehensive evaluation method for heat storage temperature of hydrothermal geothermal system - Google Patents
Comprehensive evaluation method for heat storage temperature of hydrothermal geothermal system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A hydrothermal geothermal system heat storage temperature comprehensive evaluation method is characterized in that temperature and pressure monitoring data of a geothermal well, a logging curve, shaft and peripheral scaling conditions, geothermal fluid water chemistry data, hot spring/boiling spring temperature, spring mouth sediment distribution conditions and fluid component characteristics are used as a basis, the geochemical process that geothermal fluid rises to the earth surface from a deep reservoir through a drilling hole or a natural fracture system is analyzed, and reasonable combination of geothermal meters is selected according to common degassing action, scaling action and mixing action and the application premises of various geothermal meters; selecting a reasonable and reliable calculation method for each geothermal meter in the geothermal meter combination; and respectively calculating the heat storage temperatures based on the combination of the geothermometers, and if the obtained data are consistent, considering that the result represents the deep heat storage temperature, and giving a reasonable and reliable heat storage temperature of the hydrothermal geothermal system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geothermal heat, and relates to a comprehensive evaluation method for heat storage temperature of a hydrothermal geothermal system.
Background
The heat storage temperature is one of the key parameters for developing geothermal resource research, and is also an important basis for dividing geothermal resource types, evaluating exploitation potential and developing and utilizing the geothermal resources. The acquisition mode includes borehole temperature measurement and fluid-based estimation. However, in actual work, particularly in the early stage of exploration, many places have no drilled holes or the drilled holes do not reach the actual thermal reservoir, and in such a situation, the temperature information of deep thermal reservoir cannot be obtained through drilling temperature measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a hydrothermal geothermal system heat storage temperature comprehensive evaluation method, analyzing the geochemical process according to water chemistry data, selecting a reasonable combination of geothermometers and a calculation formula, determining the deep heat storage temperature of a geothermal system by combining a plurality of methods on the basis of establishing a heat storage temperature comprehensive evaluation flow, accurately evaluating the heat storage temperature of the hydrothermal geothermal system, and providing a reliable basis for exploration, development and utilization of geothermal resources.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a comprehensive evaluation method for heat storage temperature of a hydrothermal geothermal system comprises the following steps:
step 1, process analysis of influencing fluid components, analyzing a geochemical process of a geothermal fluid which rises from a deep reservoir to the surface through a drilling hole or a natural fracture system;
step 2, judging the combination of the geothermometers, and determining the applicable combination of the geothermometers aiming at the geotherms with different functions;
step 2-1, for the geothermal fluid with degassing function, SiO is adopted2Adiabatic boiling corrected earth thermometer based on SiO in thermal storage fluid component2Quartz/chalcedony geothermometer content and mineral geothermometer with mineral combination corrected for degassing;
step 2-2, for the geothermal fluid with mixing action, SiO is used2a/Cl-enthalpy mixing model, a Na-K-Mg trigonometric diagram and a mineral combination thermometer corrected for dilution;
2-3, adopting SiO based thermal storage fluid for the geothermal fluid with scaling and degassing2Quartz/chalcedony geothermometer of content and mineral combination geothermometer corrected for degassing;
step 2-4, adopting a Na-K-Mg triangular diagram and SiO for the geothermal fluid which has the degassing, scaling and mixing actions or two actions of the degassing, scaling and mixing actions simultaneously2A mineral thermometer of a combination of a/Cl-enthalpy mixing model and a mineral with degassing/mixing effect correction;
step 3, calculating heat storage temperature, namely calculating the heat storage temperature by adopting different methods according to the mineral ground thermometer of the mineral combination in the step 2;
and 4, evaluating results, namely calculating results according to the different methods, and comprehensively evaluating the heat storage temperature of the geothermal system.
In step 1, the analysis is based on geothermal well temperature and pressure monitoring data, well logs and wellbore and surrounding scale formation, geothermal fluid water chemistry data, hot spring/spa temperatures, spring port sediment distribution, and fluid composition. Degassing occurring in the well bore of medium-high temperature geothermal systems can result in large amounts of water vapor and CO2The gas escapes, so that the saturation index of the carbonate mineral in the residual geothermal fluid is changed, the content of various ionic components is high, and the influence degree is related to the degassing amount. The degassing process of the boiling spring is similar. Carbonate mineral, SiO in geothermal fluid after degassing2Or other metal sulfides or iron hydroxides, etc. are easily supersaturated, and corresponding scale is produced. Compared with the shallow groundwater mixing process, i.e. dilution process, the solute content of the geothermal fluid is generally much lower than that of the shallow groundwater, and the shallow groundwater is mainly Ca-type water.
In step 1, the analysis data of the geothermal fluid comprises TDS and Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO4 2-、HCO3 -/CO3 2-、SiO2、Al、B、Br、Li。
SiO2An adiabatic boiling calibrated earth thermometer is disclosed,
T＝-53.5+0.11236·S-0.5559×10-4·S2+0.1772×10-7·S3+88.39logS S; quartz thermometer, T ═ 55.3+ 0.3659. S-5.3954X 10-4·S2+5.5132×10-7·S3+74.36logS s; a chalcedony ground thermometer is arranged on the ground,
wherein T is the heat storage temperature and the unit is; s is SiO in geothermal fluid2The concentration of (b) is in mg/L.
A Na-K thermometer in a Na-K-Mg triangle,
a K-Mg earth thermometer, a temperature measuring device,
wherein T is the heat storage temperature and the unit is; Na/K and K2The concentration unit of Na, K and Mg in/Mg is Mg/L.
The Cl-enthalpy value mixed model is characterized in that the enthalpy value of a single sample is selected, for cold water and spring water with lower temperature, the temperature adopts an actual measurement value, and the relation between the temperature and the enthalpy value corresponds to a saturated water vapor table to obtain the enthalpy value of liquid water at the temperature.
The mineral combination geothermometer utilizes the geochemical small program GEOT or SOLVEQ to estimate the heat storage temperature.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
analyzing the geochemical process of the geothermal fluid rising from the deep heat storage to the earth surface, establishing the corresponding geothermometer combinations of different geochemical processes, calculating the heat storage temperature of the geothermometers in each geothermometer combination by adopting a corresponding calculation method, performing comprehensive evaluation according to the heat storage temperature calculated by various geothermometers and adopting a geochemical small program, and determining the representative deep heat storage temperature.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of comprehensive evaluation of heat storage temperature of a hydrothermal geothermal system.
FIG. 2 is a diagram relating geothermal water Cl-Li and Cl-TDS;
FIG. 3 is a triangle view of geothermal water Na-K-Mg.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of geothermal water Cl-enthalpy mixing.
FIG. 5 is a geothermal water mineral combination geothermal chart.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a method for comprehensively evaluating the heat storage temperature of a hydrothermal geothermal system comprises the following steps:
step 1, process analysis of influencing fluid components, analyzing a geochemical process of a geothermal fluid which rises from a deep reservoir to the surface through a drilling hole or a natural fracture system; the purpose of this step is to identify the geochemical process that the surface geothermal fluid undergoes.
Preferably, the geochemical processes taking place during the ascent of the geothermal fluid from the depth to the surface through the drilling or fracturing system mainly include degassing, scaling and mixing.
Preferably, the degassing: it is generally possible to determine whether or not degassing has occurred based on the characteristics associated with the surface during the collection of geothermal fluid. For geothermal wells, it can be determined whether degassing has occurred based on the wellhead sample conditions, such as fluid temperature and gas conditions, and wellbore temperature and pressure curves. For naturally exposed hot springs, the judgment can be carried out according to the temperature of the spring fluid, generally, when the temperature is lower than the local boiling point, the degassing is considered to be not generated or the degassing effect is negligible, and for geothermal fluid with the temperature higher than the local boiling point, a certain degree of degassing is defaulted to occur, particularly CO in gas2When the content is high, the degassing effect has great influence on the chemical components of the geothermal fluid.
Preferably, the fouling effect: observing sediments of a shaft, a wellhead or a spring mouth to judge whether scaling occurs or not; or monitoring wellhead temperature, pressure and flow data, and if the pressure is increased and the flow is reduced, determining that the shaft is scaled. Or judging whether the well bore is scaled or not by utilizing a logging curve or a multi-claw test.
Preferably, the mixing action: fluid water chemistry and isotope data can be generally used for analysis, such as correlation of Cl content of a conservative element of geothermal fluid with Li and TDS and a Na-K-Mg triangle chart to judge whether mixing occurs during the process of rising to the surface. Mixing is considered to occur if the Cl content is well linearly related to the Li and TDS content, and the points of the geothermal fluid sample on the Na-K-Mg trigonometric plot appear along a straight line through the Mg end-members.
Step 2, combining the geothermal meters, and determining an applicable geothermal meter combination aiming at geothermal fluids with different functions; the purpose of this step is to select a combination of geothermometers appropriately. Because the same thermometer has a plurality of empirical formulas, such as SiO2There are 13 kinds of geothermometers, 6 kinds of quartz geothermometers and 3 kinds of geothermometers, so that the most reasonable and reliable calculation method needs to be selected based on the establishment conditions and data conditions of each method.
Step 2-1, for the geothermal fluid with degassing function, SiO is adopted2Adiabatic boiling corrected geothermal meter based on thermal storage fluid SiO2Quartz/chalcedony geothermometer content and mineral geothermometer with mineral combination corrected for degassing;
step 2-2, for the geothermal fluid with mixing action, SiO is used2a/Cl-enthalpy mixing model, a Na-K-Mg trigonometric diagram and a mineral combination thermometer corrected for dilution;
2-3, adopting SiO based thermal storage fluid for the geothermal fluid with scaling and degassing2Quartz/chalcedony geothermometer of content and mineral combination geothermometer corrected for degassing;
step 2-4, adopting a Na-K-Mg triangular diagram and SiO for the geothermal fluid which has the degassing, scaling and mixing actions or two actions of the degassing, scaling and mixing actions simultaneously2a/Cl-enthalpy mixing model and a mineral combination thermometer with degassing/mixing effect correction;
step 3, calculating heat storage temperature, namely calculating the heat storage temperature by adopting different methods according to the geothermal thermometer in the step 2;
and 4, evaluating results, namely calculating results according to the different methods, and comprehensively evaluating the heat storage temperature of the geothermal system. On the basis of determining the geochemical process of the geothermal fluid rising from the deep heat storage to the earth surface, the representative deep heat storage temperature is determined by utilizing reasonable combination of the geothermometers.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 1, the analysis is based on geothermal well temperature and pressure monitoring data, well logs and wellbore and surrounding scale formation data, geothermal fluid water chemistry data, hot spring/boiling spring temperatures, spring sediment distribution, and fluid composition.
In a preferred embodiment, in step 1, the analysis data of the geothermal fluid comprises TDS and Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO4 2-、HCO3 -/CO3 2-、SiO2、Al、B、Br、Li。
In a preferred embodiment, SiO2An adiabatic boiling calibrated earth thermometer is disclosed,
T＝-53.5+0.11236·S-0.5559×10-4·S2+0.1772×10-7·S3+88.39logS S; quartz thermometer, T ═ 55.3+ 0.3659. S-5.3954X 10-4·S2+5.5132×10-7·S3+74.36logS s; a chalcedony ground thermometer is arranged on the ground,
wherein T is the heat storage temperature and the unit is; s is SiO in geothermal fluid2The concentration of (b) is in mg/L.
Preferably, the geothermal water is at a temperature exceeding or approaching 89 ℃ the local boiling point temperature, so that the geothermal hot spring fluid may be degassed, using SiO2Adiabatic boiling thermometer based on thermal storage fluid SiO2A combination of quartz/chalcedony geothermometer content and mineral combination geothermometers corrected for degassing.
In a preferred scheme, a Na-K thermometer in a Na-K-Mg triangular diagram,
a K-Mg earth thermometer, a temperature measuring device,
wherein T is the heat storage temperature and the unit is; Na/K and K2The concentration unit of Na, K and Mg in/Mg is Mg/L.
Preferably, the relationship between the conserved elements of geothermal spring water, Cl-Li, Cl-TDS, and the triangular Na-K-Mg plot of Giggenbach, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, are well linear when analyzed with the aid of fluid water chemistry data, indicating that the deeper fluid can mix with the shallower water to a different degree during the ascent to the shallower, if mixing occurs, to form surface exposed geothermal water.
Preferably, the composition of the bloom is different near the hot water outlets. Only the spring edge has a small amount of Quanhua, the main minerals of the Quanhua are the precipitation of calcite, gypsum and quartz, wherein the calcite mineral accounts for 94.0 percent, the pressure is reduced in the rising process, carbon dioxide escapes from the solution, and the carbonate precipitation is generated as a result of the action of carbonic acid.
Preferably, the geothermal fluid mainly undergoes mixing and degassing actions in the rising process, and the Na-K-Mg trigonometric diagram, the silicon/Cl-enthalpy mixing model and the mineral combination thermometer combination corrected by degassing/mixing actions are selected to evaluate the heat storage temperature more accurately according to the action of the geothermal water on the change of chemical components during rising to the surface.
Preferably, according to the Na-K-Mg triangular diagram (shown in figure 3) of the selected Giggenbach cationic geothermal thermometer, water samples are distributed along a mixing line and show the mixing trend with cold water, and the reservoir temperature obtained from the Na-K-Mg triangular diagram is about 200-210 ℃.
In the preferred scheme, the Cl-enthalpy value mixed model is characterized in that the enthalpy value of a single sample is selected, the temperature of cold water and spring water with lower temperature adopts an actual measurement value, and the relation between the temperature and the enthalpy value corresponds to a saturated water vapor table to obtain the enthalpy value of liquid water at the temperature.
Preferably, the Cl-enthalpy diagram is very effective for evaluating the specific cooling process undergone by the geothermal fluid during ascent. Cl is a conserved element indicating the mixing process of geothermal fluids. Due to processes such as adiabatic degassing during the ascent, the enthalpy of the hot water under mixing is less than the enthalpy of the hot water in the deep reservoir. Thus, the reservoir temperature and Cl concentration of deep geothermal fluid can be estimated by a Cl-enthalpy mixture model (fig. 4). The enthalpy of the geothermal water sample is obtained from the saturated steam table of pure water at the sampling temperature.
Preferably, the adiabatic degassing line of the deep thermal storage is constituted by a connection of two points, one of which is a point having an enthalpy corresponding to the enthalpy of saturated steam at 100 ℃ (2676kJ/kg) and a chloride ion concentration of 0 mg/L. The other point is the sample point that passes through the line of the geothermal water sample with the most negative slope. And drawing a mixing line, wherein one end of the mixing line is an end member of shallow cold water and is represented by an enthalpy value and a chlorine ion concentration average value of a river water sample point, and the other end of the mixing line forms a mixing trend line through a geothermal water point with mixing action. The mixed line intersects with the adiabatic degassing line with the maximum negative slope value at a point, the point represents the geothermal fluid state at the deep part of the heat storage, the enthalpy value of the geothermal fluid at the deep part is 898kJ/kg, the saturated steam table is checked to obtain the reservoir temperature which is about 210 ℃, and the reservoir temperature is consistent with the heat storage temperature obtained by the cation geothermal meter.
In a preferred scheme, the mineral combination thermometer utilizes a geochemical small program GEOT or SOLVEQ to estimate the heat storage temperature. The method comprises the following steps of selecting a reasonable combination of the geothermometers and a reliable calculation formula of the geothermometers aiming at the geochemical process of the geothermic fluid collected from the earth surface, and determining the representative heat storage temperature.
Preferably, the heat storage temperature obtained by the above method is the temperature of the original geothermal fluid, i.e. the temperature of the fluid without having changed its original chemical composition characteristics.
Preferably, the geochemical thermodynamic simulation mineral combination geothermal thermometer simulates the deep reservoir temperature of geothermal fluid based on multicomponent chemical equilibrium of geothermal systemA thermometer for measuring the temperature. The saturation index of each mineral at different temperatures was calculated using the SOLVEQ-XPT program. The mineral combination thermometer calculates mineral saturation indexes at different temperatures according to chemical components in geothermal water by a SOLVEQ-XPT program to obtain the equilibrium temperature of water and the group of minerals (as shown in figure 5), the step length of temperature increase is set to be 20 ℃, the selection of the equilibrium minerals depends on reservoir lithology and hydrologic geochemistry characteristics of a research area, and in order to eliminate CO2Effect of degassing, equal amount of HCO3And H is added to the geothermal water to generate additional CO2When 0.1mol/L CO is added to the geothermal fluid2When the geothermal field is in gas, the saturation index curve of each mineral converges to a point, the temperature of the point is 180-210 ℃, the point is matched with the heat storage temperature obtained by a Cl-enthalpy geothermal thermometer and a cation geothermal thermometer, and the deep heat storage temperature of the geothermal field is 180-210 ℃ in conclusion, and the geothermal field belongs to a high-temperature geothermal system.
In the first embodiment, the estimation of the heat storage temperature of the geothermal field;
the temperature of the geothermal water collected on the earth surface exceeds or is close to the local boiling point temperature of 89 ℃, and the geothermal water is considered to have degassing effect;
on-site observation shows that the hot spring or the boiling spring opening has a small amount of sediment, and the chemical component of the sediment is carbonate through analysis, so that the geothermal fluid is considered to have a small amount of scaling effect in the rising process.
In addition, the triangular plots of geothermal water Cl-Li, Cl-TDS and Na-K-Mg show that significant mixing of geothermal fluid as it rises to the surface occurs, see FIGS. 2 and 3.
Using a combination of a Na-K-Mg trigonometric chart, a silicon/Cl-enthalpy mixing model and a mineral combination thermometer with degassing/mixing effect correction, and calculating the heat storage temperature according to the formula: a Na-K thermometer in a Na-K-Mg triangle,
a K-Mg earth thermometer, a temperature measuring device,
wherein T is the heat storage temperature and the unit is; Na/K and K2The concentration unit of Na, K and Mg in/Mg is Mg/L. The results are shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and features in the embodiments and examples in the present application may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A comprehensive evaluation method for heat storage temperature of a hydrothermal geothermal system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, process analysis of influencing fluid components, analyzing a geochemical process of a geothermal fluid which rises from a deep reservoir to the surface through a drilling hole or a natural fracture system;
step 2, judging the combination of the geothermometers, and determining an applicable combination of the geothermometers aiming at the geotherm fluids with different geochemical reactions;
step 2-1, for the geothermal fluid with degassing function, SiO is adopted2Adiabatic boiling corrected geothermal meter based on thermal storage fluid SiO2Quartz/chalcedony geothermometer of content and mineral combination geothermometer corrected for degassing;
step 2-2, for the geothermal fluid with mixing action, SiO is used2a/Cl-enthalpy mixing model, a Na-K-Mg trigonometric diagram and a mineral combination thermometer corrected for dilution;
2-3, adopting SiO based thermal storage fluid for the geothermal fluid with scaling and degassing2Quartz/chalcedony geothermometer of content and mineral combination geothermometer corrected for degassing;
step 2-4, adopting a Na-K-Mg triangular diagram and SiO for the geothermal fluid which has the degassing, scaling and mixing actions or two actions of the degassing, scaling and mixing actions simultaneously2the/Cl enthalpy mixture model and degassingA mineral combination thermometer corrected for mixing;
step 3, calculating heat storage temperature, namely calculating the heat storage temperature by adopting different methods according to the combination of the geothermometers in the step 2;
and 4, evaluating results, namely calculating results according to the different methods, and comprehensively evaluating the heat storage temperature of the geothermal system.
2. The method of comprehensively evaluating the heat storage temperature of a hydrothermal geothermal system according to claim 1, wherein: in step 1, the analysis is based on geothermal well temperature and pressure monitoring data, well logs and wellbore and surrounding scale formation, geothermal fluid water chemistry data, hot spring/spa temperatures, spring port sediment distribution, and fluid composition.
3. The method of comprehensively evaluating the heat storage temperature of a hydrothermal geothermal system according to claim 1, wherein: in step 1, the analysis data of the geothermal fluid comprises TDS and Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO4 2-、HCO3 -/CO3 2-、SiO2、Al、B、Br、Li。
4. The method of comprehensively evaluating the heat storage temperature of a hydrothermal geothermal system according to claim 1, wherein: SiO 22An adiabatic boiling calibrated earth thermometer is disclosed,
T＝-53.5+0.11236·S-0.5559×10-4·S2+0.1772×10-7·S3+88.39logS S; quartz thermometer, T ═ 55.3+ 0.3659. S-5.3954X 10-4·S2+5.5132×10-7·S3+74.36logS s; a chalcedony ground thermometer is arranged on the ground,
wherein T is the heat storage temperature and the unit is; s is SiO in geothermal fluid2The concentration of (b) is in mg/L.
5. Root of herbaceous plantThe method of comprehensively evaluating the heat storage temperature of a hydrothermal geothermal system according to claim 1, wherein: a Na-K thermometer in a Na-K-Mg triangle,
a K-Mg earth thermometer, a temperature measuring device,
wherein T is the heat storage temperature and the unit is; Na/K and K2The concentration unit of Na, K and Mg in/Mg is Mg/L.
6. The method of comprehensively evaluating the heat storage temperature of a hydrothermal geothermal system according to claim 1, wherein: the Cl-enthalpy value mixed model is characterized in that the enthalpy value of a single sample is selected, for cold water and spring water with lower temperature, the temperature adopts an actual measurement value, and the relation between the temperature and the enthalpy value corresponds to a saturated water vapor table to obtain the enthalpy value of liquid water at the temperature.
7. The method of comprehensively evaluating the heat storage temperature of a hydrothermal geothermal system according to claim 1, wherein: the mineral combination geothermometer utilizes the geochemical small program GEOT or SOLVEQ to estimate the heat storage temperature.
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| CN115060870B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2022-11-29 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Geofluorine fluid scaling prediction method and device and laboratory reaction equipment |
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