CN114234825B - Flexible stretchable wearable sensor based on optical fibers - Google Patents
Flexible stretchable wearable sensor based on optical fibers Download PDFInfo
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- CN114234825B CN114234825B CN202111321913.XA CN202111321913A CN114234825B CN 114234825 B CN114234825 B CN 114234825B CN 202111321913 A CN202111321913 A CN 202111321913A CN 114234825 B CN114234825 B CN 114234825B
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012776 electronic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013305 flexible fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible stretchable wearable sensor based on optical fibers, and belongs to the technical field of sensors. The sensor comprises a substrate, a light source, a plurality of optical fibers and a light detector. All the optical fibers are fixed on the substrate through braiding, and the light source and the light detector are respectively positioned at two ends of the optical fibers. The light detector comprises a photosensitive element and a special signal modulation circuit. The optical fiber is in a relaxed state when no external force exists, the light intensity received by the photosensitive element is stable at the moment, and the electric signal obtained by the signal modulation circuit is stable; applying pressure on the optical fiber, changing the shape and cross section of the optical fiber, and changing the light intensity received by the photosensitive element; at this time, the signal modulation circuit modulates the optical signal again to obtain a new electric signal, and the change amount of the electric signal is calculated for two times; and further judging the deformation of the optical fiber and the applied external force. The sensor of the present invention exhibits good flexibility, stretchability, wearability and electromagnetic interference resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensors, and relates to a flexible stretchable wearable sensor based on optical fibers.
Background
In recent years, flexible, stretchable and wearable sensor devices have received increasing attention. Elastic materials have the advantages of low cost, expandability and simple production, so that the elastic strain sensor is widely applied to various fields such as artificial electronic skin, motion detection, soft robots and the like.
Quantitative detection of strain in soft materials, such as human strain, requires that the sensor must exhibit good flexibility, stretchability and wearability, and be capable of withstanding large deformations. To meet these demands, there is a great deal of effort to explore flexible and stretchable electronic materials for sensor design, such as graphene-polymer nanocomposites, polymer nanofibers and carbon nanotubes.
For electronic sensors, the strain is usually detected by using resistance or capacitance changes caused by mechanical deformation, which gives the electronic sensor good sensitivity and price advantage; however, miniaturization of the sensing system remains a challenge for practical application of electronic sensors due to current leakage and high sensitivity to electromagnetic interference caused by insufficient insulation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs a flexible stretchable wearable sensor based on optical fibers, which aims to solve the problems of inconvenient wearing, poor flexibility and low sensitivity of the traditional electronic sensor.
The flexible stretchable wearable sensor based on the optical fibers comprises a substrate, a light source, a plurality of optical fibers and a light detector. A plurality of optical fibers are woven with the substrate to form a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure; the light source and the light detector are respectively arranged at two ends of the structure and are connected with the optical fiber through the optical fiber connecting piece.
The light detector comprises a photosensitive element and a signal modulation circuit. One end of the photosensitive element is connected with the optical fiber connecting piece, and the other end of the photosensitive element is connected with the signal modulation circuit.
Further, by changing the weaving mode of the optical fiber, the obtained two-dimensional structure or three-dimensional structure includes: rectangular, circular, domed structures, spherical or oval cambered structures;
further, the substrate comprises bamboo strips, fabrics or the like;
further, the knitting mode can be replaced by a fixing mode such as binding or sewing;
the number of the optical fibers is set according to the wearing parts.
Further, the optical fiber connecting piece is composed of a silo and optical fiber clamping plates, the silo is used for placing a light source or a photosensitive element, the optical fiber clamping plates are used for clamping optical fibers, and meanwhile, the clamping plates and the silo form interference connection to apply axial constraint to the light source and the photosensitive element.
Further, the light source adopts an LED infrared light source;
the signal modulation circuit comprises a first amplifying circuit, a second amplifying circuit, a first-order low-pass filter, an amplifier and a second-order low-pass filter; the photosensitive element is sequentially connected in series with a first amplifying circuit and a second amplifying circuit, the second amplifying circuit is connected in series with a parallel circuit formed by a first-order low-pass filter and an amplifier, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected in series with a second-order low-pass filter.
The first-order low-pass filter comprises a resistor and a capacitor which are connected in series, and the amplifier comprises another resistor and a sliding rheostat which are connected in series;
the working principle of the signal modulation circuit is as follows: the photosensitive element converts the sensed light intensity into a current signal, and the current signal is converted into a voltage signal through the first amplifying circuit and is output to the second amplifying circuit; the second amplifying circuit is a subtracter, reduces the received voltage signal, and outputs the voltage signal to the parallel circuit after eliminating deviation; the adjustment of the voltage signal amplification factor is realized by adjusting the slide rheostat in the amplifier, so that the output voltage signal meets the requirement of a control end; and finally, filtering the voltage signal meeting the requirements through a second-order low-pass filter to obtain a final voltage signal.
A flexible stretchable wearable sensor based on optical fibers has the following working principle:
at first, the optical fiber is in a relaxed state when no external force exists, a light source is turned on, an optical signal is transmitted to a photosensitive element through a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure, the light intensity received by the photosensitive element is stable at the moment, an electric signal obtained after the signal modulation circuit is stable, and the stable electric signal without external force is transmitted to a data processing system;
then, the light source is kept unchanged, pressure is applied to the optical fiber, so that the shape and the cross section of the optical fiber are changed, and the light intensity received by the photosensitive element is also changed; the signal modulation circuit modulates the optical signal again to obtain an electric signal with external force; transmitting the electrical signal with external force to a data processing system;
finally, the data processing system judges the external force and the deformation of the optical fiber according to the variation of the electric signal under the state of no external force and external force;
the larger the amount of change in the electrical signal, the larger the external force applied to the optical fiber, and the larger the deformation of the optical fiber.
Electrical signal change = no external force electrical signal-external force electrical signal.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. the invention combines the optical fiber and the sensor, breaks through the limitation of the traditional sensor, ensures that the sensor has good flexibility, stretchability and wearability and can bear large deformation.
2. The sensor of the invention utilizes the optical fiber to transmit the optical wave signal, has high optical wave frequency and strong anti-interference capability, and the optical fiber is made of an electric insulation material and is corrosion-resistant, so that the sensor of the invention has good anti-electromagnetic interference performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of a flexible stretchable wearable sensor based on optical fibers in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an optical fiber connector according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a basic schematic of the flexible fiber-based stretchable wearable sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a signal modulation circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a method of securing an optical fiber to a substrate in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a substrate according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples.
According to the invention, through analysis of the characteristics of the optical fiber, the sensor which is based on the optical fiber, has high flexibility, high stretchability and is wearable is designed according to the attachment surface, the movement range and the working environment. The sensor is capable of deforming and closely adhering to any surface, and can be used to effect the perception of human activity such as articulation, speech and deep breathing.
A flexible stretchable wearable sensor based on optical fibers includes a substrate, a light source, a plurality of optical fibers, and a light detector. The optical fibers are fixed on the substrate, and a plurality of optical fibers are woven above the substrate to form a two-dimensional structure or a three-dimensional structure; the light source and the light detector are respectively positioned at two ends of the optical fiber structure and are connected with the optical fiber through the optical fiber connecting piece.
As shown in fig. 1, the structure is an oval cambered surface structure formed by fiber weaving and bamboo strip substrate, and can be closely attached to the lower leg of a human body. Various structures can be obtained by changing the weaving mode of the substrate and the optical fiber.
The LED light source is adopted as the light source, the service life of the LED light source is 30-40 times of that of the traditional light source, the cost for replacing the light source is greatly reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the energy is saved; the high-power light-emitting diode can not generate a large amount of heat radiation, and the optical fiber can not be displaced and deformed, so that the measurement result is inaccurate; the LED light source adopts semiconductor light emission, so that the trouble of transportation and waste treatment is avoided, and the environment is not polluted; the irradiation intensity of the LED light source is twice that of the traditional light source and is very stable; the LED light source has extremely low energy consumption, and the luminous efficiency of the LED light source is more than 10 times of that of the traditional light source; the LED light source is simple to install, saves space and has the volume which is only 1/5 of that of the traditional light source.
Meanwhile, the LED light source adopts infrared light. The infrared light frequency is lower and less loss is experienced when propagating in the fiber, thereby achieving higher accuracy.
The light detector comprises a photosensitive element and a special signal modulation circuit. One end of the photosensitive element is connected with the two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure, and the other end of the photosensitive element is connected with the signal modulation circuit. The photosensitive element adopts a photosensitive diode, the photosensitive diode is very sensitive to the change of light, has unidirectional conductivity, and can change the electrical property when the light intensity is different, thereby achieving the purpose of reflecting the light intensity in the optical fiber by utilizing the electric signal in the signal modulation circuit.
The signal modulation circuit comprises a first amplifying circuit, a second amplifying circuit, a first-order low-pass filter, an amplifier and a second-order low-pass filter, and all the parts are connected through wires, so that the light intensity can be stably converted into corresponding electric signals. The photosensitive element D1 is sequentially connected in series with a first amplifying circuit and a second amplifying circuit, the second amplifying circuit is connected in series with a circuit structure formed by parallel connection of a first-order low-pass filter and an amplifier, and the parallel circuit is connected in series with a second-order low-pass filter.
The working principle of the signal modulation circuit is that as shown in fig. 4, the photosensitive element D1 converts the sensed light intensity into a current signal, and the current signal is converted into a voltage signal through the first amplifying circuit and is output to the second amplifying circuit; the second amplifying circuit is a subtracter, reduces the received voltage signal, eliminates the deviation and outputs the deviation to the first-order low-pass filter; r7 and C6 form first-order low-pass filtering, are overlapped with an amplifier formed by R2 and VR1, and realize the adjustment of the amplification factor of a voltage signal by adjusting the slide rheostat VR 1; and finally, outputting the voltage signal amplified to the specified multiple to a second-order low-pass filter, and filtering the received voltage signal by the second-order low-pass filter to obtain a final voltage signal value. The second amplifying circuit reduces the voltage signal and is used for eliminating the deviation of the output voltage of the R7 end of the first-order low-pass filter.
The PMMA optical fiber with the diameter of 0.25mm is adopted as the optical fiber, and the optical fiber with the specification can obtain extremely high light guiding performance and braiding property.
The optical fiber connector adopts an interference connection mode to connect the light source and the light detector with optical fibers of different numbers, has a simple and light structure, and ensures the strength of the optical fiber connector and the stability of the optical fiber connector while being convenient to disassemble.
The structure of the optical fiber connector is shown in fig. 2, and the optical fiber connector consists of a silo and optical fiber clamping plates, wherein a light source or a photosensitive diode is placed in the silo, the two optical fiber clamping plates are used for clamping optical fibers, and meanwhile, the clamping plates and the silo form interference connection and apply axial constraint to the light source and the photosensitive diode.
The substrate can be made of various materials meeting performance requirements, such as bamboo strips, and the optical fibers can be woven around the substrate to obtain various two-dimensional and three-dimensional structures, such as rectangular, circular, dome-shaped structures, spherical structures and the like, so that the sensor can be attached to various working surfaces approximately perfectly.
A flexible stretchable wearable sensor based on optical fibers, as shown in fig. 3, the working principle is as follows:
one end of the optical fiber takes the LED lamp as a light source, the optical fiber is in a relaxed state when no external force is applied, once pressure is applied to a certain area of the optical fiber, the shape and the cross section of the optical fiber can be reversibly changed due to the elasticity of the optical fiber, the light intensity change in the optical fiber is detected by the photodiode at the other end, and corresponding signal change can be obtained through signal modulation. The optical fibers can be deformed differently due to the forces of different magnitudes, the detected illumination intensities are also different, and the conclusion can be drawn through the processing of the electrical signals by the data processing system: the deformation is inversely related to the light intensity of the tail end of the optical fiber, the deformation and the voltage variable are positively related, and the variation of the electric signal, the force and the deformation show a high linear relation, so that the optical fiber can be used for detecting the force and the deformation.
As shown in fig. 5, the fabric is used as a substrate in this embodiment, and the optical fibers are sewn on the fabric substrate by threads, so that the optical fibers can be attached to the fabric to achieve extremely high wearability.
As shown in FIG. 6, the bamboo strip is a type of substrate, two ends of the bamboo strip are uniformly fixed, and the bamboo strip is cross-woven by a method similar to a bamboo basket, so that a dome-shaped structure can be obtained, and the structure can be better attached to a curved surface like the inner side shape of the lower leg of a human body.
Claims (4)
1. A flexible stretchable wearable sensor based on optical fibers is composed of a data processing system, a substrate, a light source, optical fibers and a light detector; a plurality of optical fibers and a plurality of substrates are arranged between the light source and the light detector;
the light detector comprises a photosensitive element and a signal modulation circuit; one end of the photosensitive element is connected with the optical fiber connecting piece, and the other end of the photosensitive element is connected with the signal modulation circuit;
the optical fiber is in a relaxed state when no external force exists, the light source is turned on, the optical signal is transmitted to the light detector through the optical fiber, the light intensity received by the light detector is stable at the moment, the electric signal obtained after the signal modulation circuit is stable, and the stable external force-free electric signal is transmitted to the data processing system;
the method is characterized in that:
the optical fiber adopts PMMA optical fiber with the diameter of 0.25 mm;
the substrate adopts bamboo strips or fabrics;
the optical fiber is woven with the substrate to form a two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure; the braiding mode is binding or sewing;
applying pressure on the optical fiber to change the shape and cross section of the optical fiber, and changing the light intensity received by the light detector; the signal modulation circuit modulates the optical signal again to obtain an electric signal with external force; transmitting the electrical signal with external force to a data processing system;
the data processing system judges the external force and the deformation of the optical fiber applied to the optical fiber according to the variation of the electric signal under the states without external force and with external force;
the larger the electric signal variation is, the larger the external force applied to the optical fiber is, and the larger the deformation of the optical fiber is;
electrical signal change = no external force electrical signal-external force electrical signal;
the signal modulation circuit comprises a first amplifying circuit, a second amplifying circuit, a first-order low-pass filter, an amplifier and a second-order low-pass filter; the photosensitive element is sequentially connected in series with a first amplifying circuit and a second amplifying circuit, the second amplifying circuit is connected in series with a parallel circuit formed by parallel connection of a first-order low-pass filter and an amplifier, and the other end of the parallel circuit is connected in series with a second-order low-pass filter;
the first-order low-pass filter comprises a resistor and a capacitor which are connected in series, and the amplifier comprises another resistor and a sliding rheostat which are connected in series;
the working principle of the signal modulation circuit is as follows: the photosensitive element converts the sensed light intensity into a current signal, and the current signal is converted into a voltage signal through the first amplifying circuit and is output to the second amplifying circuit; the second amplifying circuit is a subtracter, reduces the received voltage signal, and outputs the voltage signal to the parallel circuit after eliminating deviation; the adjustment of the voltage signal amplification factor is realized by adjusting the slide rheostat in the amplifier, so that the output voltage signal meets the requirement of a control end; and finally, filtering the voltage signal meeting the requirements through a second-order low-pass filter to obtain a final voltage signal.
2. The flexible, stretchable, wearable optical fiber-based sensor of claim 1, wherein the two-dimensional structure or the three-dimensional structure comprises: rectangular, circular, domed structures, spherical or oval cambered structures.
3. A flexible stretchable wearable sensor based on optical fibers according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical fiber connector consists of a silo for placing a light source or a photosensitive element and optical fiber clamping plates, the optical fiber clamping plates being two in total for clamping the optical fibers, while the clamping plates form an interference connection with the silo to impose an axial constraint on the light source and the photosensitive element.
4. The flexible stretchable wearable sensor according to claim 1, wherein the light source is an LED infrared light source.
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| CN114812888A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-29 | 之江实验室 | Pressure measurement system and method based on optical fiber |
| CN114993187B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-04-18 | 浙江大学 | Sensor based on optical fiber macrobending loss and fiber-based system buckling deformation and application |
| CN117398269A (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-01-16 | 常熟理工学院 | Optical waveguide exoskeleton binding device for muscle force detection |
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| CN203629593U (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-06-04 | 西安理工大学 | Detection circuit for optical fiber sensing weak signals |
| CN109405761A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-01 | 深圳市迈步机器人科技有限公司 | Fibre optical sensor, deformation detecting device, detection method and data glove |
| CN109405759A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-01 | 深圳市迈步机器人科技有限公司 | Fibre optical sensor, deformation detecting device, detection method and data glove |
| CN110411490A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-05 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of wearable human action sensor of optical-fiber type |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2008020709A (en) * | 2006-07-13 | 2008-01-31 | Mitsumi Electric Co Ltd | Optical waveguide apparatus |
| US10338391B2 (en) * | 2015-10-06 | 2019-07-02 | Magic Leap, Inc. | Virtual/augmented reality system having reverse angle diffraction grating |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203629593U (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-06-04 | 西安理工大学 | Detection circuit for optical fiber sensing weak signals |
| CN109405761A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-01 | 深圳市迈步机器人科技有限公司 | Fibre optical sensor, deformation detecting device, detection method and data glove |
| CN109405759A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-03-01 | 深圳市迈步机器人科技有限公司 | Fibre optical sensor, deformation detecting device, detection method and data glove |
| CN110411490A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-05 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of wearable human action sensor of optical-fiber type |
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