CN114233297A - Excavation construction method for large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel - Google Patents
Excavation construction method for large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114233297A CN114233297A CN202111496115.0A CN202111496115A CN114233297A CN 114233297 A CN114233297 A CN 114233297A CN 202111496115 A CN202111496115 A CN 202111496115A CN 114233297 A CN114233297 A CN 114233297A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000287509 Piciformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of tunnel construction, and particularly discloses a large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel excavation construction method, which comprises the following steps: determining basic mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock, testing the basic mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the currently constructed section by performing an indoor test on a rock sample taken on site, and performing regional evolution analysis of the surrounding rock and judgment of an excavation method on the currently constructed section according to the determined basic mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock after the test; performing advanced grouting reinforcement on the arch part of the tunnel on the currently constructed large-span small-clear-distance segment; excavating an upper step and performing primary support; excavating middle steps and performing primary support; excavating a lower step and performing primary support; excavating an inverted arch, mounting an inverted arch steel frame, and backfilling; and laying a waterproof board, and finishing construction after quality inspection. The invention adopts an IV-grade surrounding rock three-step four-step excavation mode and a V-grade surrounding rock lining mode, namely, fast excavation, strong support and frequent measurement, thereby ensuring the safety of tunnel construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel excavation construction method.
Background
The large-span highway tunnel construction, the excavation degree of difficulty is big, and the risk is high. A safe, reliable and rapid excavation construction method is required. According to the current development condition of highway tunnels in China, shallow-buried large-span small-clear-distance tunnels are relatively few, and experience can be insufficient in the early stage. The existing V-level surrounding rock large-span tunnel excavation method adopts a double-side-wall pit guiding method.
The double-side-wall pit guiding method adopts three left, middle and right pit guiding steps to excavate, the left and right side pit guiding steps are excavated into an upper pit guiding step and a lower pit guiding step, and temporary supports are arranged on the two sides of the middle guide step; the middle pilot tunnel is excavated in three layers, namely an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer, and the total number is 7. The construction method can ensure stable stress of tunnel construction, strengthen monitoring measurement and ensure the safety of tunnel construction. The method has the defects that the excavation is divided into 7 steps, the upper and lower pilot pits can not be constructed simultaneously, the working surface is narrow, the left and right pilot pits can be constructed simultaneously only by pulling a certain distance, the pilot pits on the two sides of the inlet section can not be constructed simultaneously, equipment and manpower resources are wasted, and the construction period is seriously influenced; the V-grade surrounding rock is good, the lithology is good, manual cooperation of a digging machine and a woodpecker cannot be adopted for digging, blasting digging must be adopted, and after the intermediate pilot tunnel temporary support needs to be dug by intermediate pilot blasting, the temporary support can be detached under the conditions that the tunnel body is converged and the tunnel top is settled stably according to the monitoring and measuring result. Medium blast blasting excavation power is large, blasting excavation is adopted, the temporary support small guide pipe, the reinforcing mesh and the steel support are seriously damaged, the repeated utilization rate is extremely low, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel excavation construction method to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a construction method for excavating a large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel adopts an IV-grade surrounding rock three-step four-step method excavation mode, adopts a V-grade surrounding rock lining mode to excavate a large-span small-clear-distance segment pair of a construction tunnel, and adopts the same excavation construction method for a plurality of large-span small-clear-distance tunnel segments; when any large-span small-clear-distance tunnel segment is excavated, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining basic mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock, testing the basic mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the currently constructed section by performing an indoor test on a rock sample taken on site, and performing regional evolution analysis of the surrounding rock and judgment of an excavation method on the currently constructed section according to the determined basic mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock after the test;
step two: performing advanced grouting reinforcement on the arch part of the tunnel on the currently constructed large-span small-clear-distance segment;
step three: excavating an upper step and performing primary support;
step four: excavating middle steps and performing primary support;
step five: excavating a lower step and performing primary support;
step six: excavating an inverted arch, mounting an inverted arch steel frame, and backfilling;
step seven: and laying a waterproof board, and finishing construction after quality inspection.
Preferably, the step two specifically comprises the steps of: the tunnel is pre-supported by the aid of the guide pipes, the length of each guide pipe is 3.5m, the guide pipes are arranged along the inner arch portion of the tunnel, the guide pipes are pushed into the guide holes by the aid of a pneumatic rock drill, and grout is injected into the inner portion of the segment soil layer through the guide pipes by the aid of a grouting machine to form pre-support.
Preferably, the distance between the upper step and the face of the palm in the third step is controlled within the range of 5 m-10 m, and the third step specifically comprises the following steps: the upper step is annularly excavated, core soil is reserved, firstly, the arch soil on two sides is excavated downwards, and then arch crown soil is excavated; and after the excavation is finished, excavating a steel arch groove of the upper step along the contour line of the tunnel, reserving core soil, conveying out muck, carrying out primary support, manually erecting a steel arch in the steel arch groove of the upper step, manually trimming, and performing anchor spraying construction.
Preferably, the distance from the step to the upper step in the fourth step is controlled within the range of 10m to 15m, and the fourth step specifically comprises the following steps: the middle step is excavated in bilateral symmetry, and primary support is carried out after the middle step is excavated, wherein the primary support comprises but is not limited to steel arch installation, anchor rod installation, steel bar mesh hanging and concrete spraying.
Preferably, the distance between the lower step and the middle step in the fifth step is controlled within the range of 10 m-15 m, the lower step in the fifth step is excavated to a set length at one time, slag is removed, and primary spraying sealing is performed.
Preferably, in the sixth step, the arch part of the inverted arch is excavated by an open cut method, the inverted arch excavation is constructed next to the lower step, an inverted arch steel frame is installed in time, the inverted arch is poured after the inverted arch is qualified, and when the inverted arch is excavated, the arch wall is chiseled by an air pick.
Preferably, before the construction in the seventh step, a template trolley is adopted to build secondary lining concrete through a full-section primary mold, soil stones are timely backfilled to the designed elevation, and waterproof boards are laid to finish the construction. The distance from the secondary lining to the face of the inverted arch excavation tunnel is not more than 20 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method adopts a three-step method, the excavation is divided into four steps, the smooth blasting footage is controlled to be about 1.5m, the support is carried out while the excavation is carried out, an IV-grade surrounding rock three-step four-step method excavation mode and a V-grade surrounding rock lining form are adopted, namely, the rapid excavation, the strong support and the frequent measurement are carried out, and the safety of tunnel construction is ensured. The three steps can be simultaneously operated in a cross way, all personnel are removed to a safe distance during blasting, and the three steps are blasted step by step; the distance between the cutting holes and the peripheral holes and the hole depth are reasonably controlled, and the phenomenon of overbreak is avoided; blasting ventilation finishes removing dust, and all operating personnel can return each step post separately and continue the construction, leave slag tap and material transportation channel in the middle part of each step, guarantee each step construction mutual noninterference, can greatly improve the efficiency of construction for the tunnel excavation progress, practice thrift the time limit for a project. Meanwhile, the temporary support mounting and dismounting procedures in the original construction method are reduced, labor cost, material cost and machine tool use cost are saved, and the excavation cost is reduced.
2. The support form of the invention adopts a V-grade surrounding rock strong support, and a small grouting guide pipe is adopted for advance pre-grouting support before excavation, and as the surrounding rock conditions become good, the lining support parameters do not change, and the safety is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a three-step construction method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an elevation view of a three-step method in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. an upper step; 2. a middle step; 3. descending a step; 4. and (5) secondary lining.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The excavation construction method of the large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel is suitable for V-grade better surrounding rock, the double-tunnel small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel is free of unfavorable geological sections and broken zones, the span is large, and the buried depth is not more than 36 m.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a construction method for excavating a large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel adopts an IV-grade surrounding rock three-step four-step method excavation mode, adopts a V-grade surrounding rock lining mode to excavate a large-span small-clear-distance segment pair of a construction tunnel, and adopts the same excavation construction method for a plurality of large-span small-clear-distance tunnel segments; when any large-span small-clear-distance tunnel segment is excavated, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining basic mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock, testing the basic mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the currently constructed section by performing an indoor test on a rock sample taken on site, and performing regional evolution analysis of the surrounding rock and judgment of an excavation method on the currently constructed section according to the determined basic mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock after the test;
step two: performing advanced grouting reinforcement on the arch part of the tunnel on the currently constructed large-span small-clear-distance segment;
step three: excavating and primary supporting the upper step 1;
step four: excavating and primary supporting the middle step 2;
step five: excavating and primary supporting the lower step 3;
step six: excavating an inverted arch, mounting an inverted arch steel frame, and backfilling;
step seven: and laying a waterproof board, and finishing construction after quality inspection.
In this embodiment, the second step specifically includes the steps of: the tunnel is pre-supported by the aid of the guide pipes, the length of each guide pipe is 3.5m, the guide pipes are arranged along the inner arch portion of the tunnel, the guide pipes are pushed into the guide holes by the aid of a pneumatic rock drill, and grout is injected into the inner portion of the segment soil layer through the guide pipes by the aid of a grouting machine to form pre-support.
In this embodiment, the distance between the upper step 1 and the tunnel face in the third step is controlled within the range of 5m to 10m, and the third step specifically includes the steps of: the upper step 1 adopts annular excavation, core soil is reserved, firstly, the arch waist soil on two sides is excavated downwards, and then arch crown soil is excavated; and after the excavation is finished, excavating a steel arch groove of the upper step 1 along the contour line of the tunnel, reserving core soil, conveying out muck, carrying out primary support, manually erecting a steel arch in the steel arch groove of the upper step 1, manually trimming, and performing anchor spraying construction.
In this embodiment, the distance between the step 2 and the step 1 in the fourth step is controlled within a range of 10m to 15m, and the fourth step specifically includes the steps of: the middle step 2 is excavated in bilateral symmetry, and primary support is carried out after the middle step 2 is excavated, wherein the primary support comprises but is not limited to steel arch installation, anchor rod installation, steel bar mesh hanging and concrete spraying.
In the embodiment, the distance between the lower step 3 and the middle step 2 in the fifth step is controlled within the range of 10 m-15 m, and in the fifth step, the lower step 3 is excavated to a set length at one time, slag is removed, and primary spraying sealing is performed.
In this embodiment, in the sixth step, the arch part is excavated by the open cut method for the inverted arch, the inverted arch excavation is constructed following the lower step 3, the inverted arch steel frame is installed in time, the inverted arch is poured after the inverted arch is qualified, and when the inverted arch is excavated, the arch wall is chiseled by the pneumatic pick.
In this embodiment, before the seventh construction, a formwork trolley is used to form 4 concrete of the secondary lining through a full-section primary molding, and when the soil stone is timely backfilled to the designed elevation, the waterproof board is laid to complete the construction. The distance from the secondary lining 4 to the face of the inverted arch excavation tunnel is not more than 20 m.
The construction method in the embodiment adopts a three-step method, the excavation is divided into four steps, the smooth blasting footage is controlled to be about 1.5m, the support is carried out while the excavation is carried out, an IV-level surrounding rock three-step four-step method excavation mode and a V-level surrounding rock lining form are adopted, namely, the rapid excavation, the strong support and the frequent measurement are carried out, and the safety of tunnel construction is ensured. The three steps can be simultaneously operated in a cross way, all personnel are removed to a safe distance during blasting, and the three steps are blasted step by step; the distance between the cutting holes and the peripheral holes and the hole depth are reasonably controlled, and the phenomenon of overbreak is avoided;
blasting ventilation finishes removing dust, and all operating personnel can return each step post separately and continue the construction, leave slag tap and material transportation channel in the middle part of each step, guarantee each step construction mutual noninterference, can greatly improve the efficiency of construction for the tunnel excavation progress, practice thrift the time limit for a project. Meanwhile, the temporary support mounting and dismounting procedures in the original construction method are reduced, labor cost, material cost and machine tool use cost are saved, and the excavation cost is reduced.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A construction method for excavating a large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel is characterized in that an IV-grade surrounding rock three-step four-step method excavating mode is adopted, a V-grade surrounding rock lining mode is adopted for excavating and constructing large-span small-clear-distance sections of a construction tunnel, and the excavating and constructing methods of a plurality of large-span small-clear-distance tunnel sections are the same; when any large-span small-clear-distance tunnel segment is excavated, the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining basic mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock, testing the basic mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock of the currently constructed section by performing an indoor test on a rock sample taken on site, and performing regional evolution analysis of the surrounding rock and judgment of an excavation method on the currently constructed section according to the determined basic mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock after the test;
step two: performing advanced grouting reinforcement on the arch part of the tunnel on the currently constructed large-span small-clear-distance segment;
step three: excavating an upper step (1) and performing primary support;
step four: excavating the middle step (2) and performing primary support;
step five: excavating the lower step (3) and performing primary support;
step six: excavating an inverted arch, mounting an inverted arch steel frame, and backfilling;
step seven: and laying a waterproof board, and finishing construction after quality inspection.
2. The excavation construction method for the large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the second step specifically comprises the following steps: the tunnel is pre-supported by the aid of the guide pipes, the length of each guide pipe is 3.5m, the guide pipes are arranged along the inner arch portion of the tunnel, the guide pipes are pushed into the guide holes by the aid of a pneumatic rock drill, and grout is injected into the inner portion of the segment soil layer through the guide pipes by the aid of a grouting machine to form pre-support.
3. The excavation construction method for the large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the upper step (1) and the tunnel face in the third step is controlled within the range of 5 m-10 m, and the third step specifically comprises the following steps: the upper step (1) adopts annular excavation, core soil is reserved, firstly, the arch-shaped soil on two sides is excavated downwards, and then, arch-shaped soil is excavated; and after the excavation is finished, excavating a steel arch groove of the upper step (1) along the contour line of the tunnel, reserving core soil, conveying out muck, carrying out primary support, manually erecting a steel arch in the steel arch groove of the upper step (1), manually trimming, and performing anchor spraying construction.
4. The excavation construction method for the large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the middle step (2) and the upper step (1) in the fourth step is controlled within the range of 10 m-15 m, and the fourth step specifically comprises the following steps: the middle step (2) is excavated in bilateral symmetry, and primary support is carried out after the middle step (2) is excavated, wherein the primary support comprises but is not limited to steel arch installation, anchor rod installation, steel bar mesh hanging and concrete spraying.
5. The excavation construction method of the large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the lower step (3) and the middle step (2) in the fifth step is controlled within the range of 10 m-15 m, and the lower step (3) in the fifth step is excavated to a set length at one time, slag is removed, and primary spraying and sealing are performed.
6. The excavation construction method of the large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the sixth step, the inverted arch is excavated by an open excavation method, the excavation of the inverted arch is constructed immediately next to the lower step (3), inverted arch steel frames are timely installed, the pouring of the inverted arch is performed after the inspection is qualified, and when the inverted arch is excavated, an arch wall is chiseled by an air pick.
7. The excavation construction method of the large-span small-clear-distance shallow-buried tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that a formwork trolley is adopted to build the concrete for the secondary lining (4) through the full-section primary mold before the construction in the seventh step, and after the soil stones are timely backfilled to the designed elevation, waterproof boards are laid to complete the construction.
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Application publication date: 20220325 |