CN114230416B - 1,9-癸二醇在抑制土壤氨挥发中的应用 - Google Patents

1,9-癸二醇在抑制土壤氨挥发中的应用 Download PDF

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CN114230416B
CN114230416B CN202111309673.1A CN202111309673A CN114230416B CN 114230416 B CN114230416 B CN 114230416B CN 202111309673 A CN202111309673 A CN 202111309673A CN 114230416 B CN114230416 B CN 114230416B
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decanediol
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ammonia volatilization
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施卫明
马明坤
陆玉芳
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract

1,9‑癸二醇在抑制土壤氨挥发中的应用。发现了1,9‑癸二醇具有双向调控作用，不仅能够显著抑制土壤氨挥发，还能有效抑制氮素的硝化过程，发挥协同增效的作用1,9‑癸二醇作为脂溶性物质，在土壤中具有较高的稳定性，不易与氮肥分离。1,9‑癸二醇作为植物根系分泌物，还具有绿色安全无污染的优点，这拓宽1,9‑癸二醇的应用领域，提高1,9‑癸二醇的产业应用价值提供了新的方法和思路。

Description

1,9-癸二醇在抑制土壤氨挥发中的应用
技术领域
本发明属于氮肥增效剂研究领域，具体涉及1,9-癸二醇在抑制土壤氨挥发中的应用。
背景技术
氮肥施入土壤中会在脲酶的作用下迅速转化为铵态氮，铵态氮在硝化作用下转化为硝态氮，硝态氮在反硝化的作用下转化为氧化亚氮、一氧化二氮和氮气；铵态氮在土壤中累积会造成土壤pH的上升，从而使铵态氮转化为氨气挥发到空气中，这些途径使得当季氮肥利用率仅为35％～39％。其中，农田中氨挥发损失量可达施氮量的20％～47％，因此，减少氨挥发是提高稻田氮肥利用率和减少环境污染的重要措施。
目前减少农田氨挥发的关键是如何优化含尿素肥料的效用，主要的措施就是通过施用氮肥增效剂，例如：NBPT(正丁基硫代磷酸三胺)、HQ(氢醌)、PPD(苯基磷酸二胺)等施入土壤，可显著降低土壤氨挥发，但这些抑制剂均为化学合成，对环境的影响大。因此，从自然界筛选生物源抑制剂是一种绿色高效的新途径。研究人员已从海藻中提取海藻酸作为氮肥增效剂，发现其在抑制土壤氨挥发方面起到良好的作用(专利号201510132551.8)。尽管海藻酸作为天然物质对环境污染较小，但海藻酸的提取工艺较复杂，生产成本较高，不利于广泛推广应用。
1,9-癸二醇是发明人前期从水稻根系分泌物中发现的脂溶性生物硝化抑制剂，可在低浓度下抑制氮素的硝化过程，减少氮素损失(专利号201510926728.1)。但是，关于1,9-癸二醇在抑制土壤氨挥发方面的应用尚未公开。在农业生产中，筛选同时抑制氨挥发和硝化过程两个主要氮素损失途径的植物源功能物质，将大大推动绿色新型高效氮肥产品的研发，具有重要的现实意义。
发明内容
解决的技术问题：针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了1,9-癸二醇在抑制土壤氨挥发中的应用，达到了降低氮素损失，减少环境污染，提高氮肥利用率的效果，进一步扩宽了 1,9-癸二醇的产业应用领域。
技术方案：1,9-癸二醇在抑制土壤氨挥发中的应用。
优选的，1,9-癸二醇在土壤中的添加量为100～1000mg/kg土。
上述1,9-癸二醇与尿素配成混合溶液后施入土壤中。
1,9-癸二醇在制备抑制氨挥发产品中的应用。
有益效果：1、发现了1,9-癸二醇的双向调控作用，不仅能够有效抑制氮肥的硝化过程，还能显著抑制土壤氨挥发，进一步拓宽了1,9-癸二醇的应用领域，提高了1,9-癸二醇的产业应用价值。2、1,9-癸二醇具有单分子多功能，在稳定性肥料的制备中可代替其他多种抑制剂添加，减少抑制剂的种类，进而降低多种增效剂添加对环境造成的潜在威胁。3、1,9-癸二醇作为植物根系分泌物，具有绿色安全无污染的优点，同时1,9-癸二醇作为脂溶性物质，在土壤中具有较高的稳定性，不易与氮肥分离。
附图说明
图1为实验土柱示意图。
图2为不同添加量1,9-癸二醇的土壤氨挥发累积量。
图3为不同抑制剂处理的土壤氨挥发累积量。
具体实施方式
实施例1：1,9-癸二醇与尿素配成混合溶液后共同施入土壤中，其中，1,9-癸二醇的添加量为100mg/kg土壤。
实施例2：1,9-癸二醇与尿素配成混合溶液后共同施入土壤中，其中，1,9-癸二醇的添加量为200mg/kg土壤。
实施例3：1,9-癸二醇与尿素配成混合溶液后共同施入土壤中，其中，1,9-癸二醇的添加量为500mg/kg土壤。
实施例4：1,9-癸二醇与尿素配成混合溶液后共同施入土壤中，其中，1,9-癸二醇的添加量为1000mg/kg土壤。
验证例1：1,9-癸二醇物对土壤氨挥发的影响
1.实验设计
1.1供试土壤：供试土壤类型为水稻土，质地为砂壤土，采自江西鹰潭市(28°15′N，116°55′E)试验田0～20cm耕层土，过2mm筛、混匀。基本理化性质见表1。
表1土壤理化性质
Figure RE-GDA0003522971600000031
1.2供试试剂：1,9-癸二醇(C10H22O2)。
1.3实验处理：实验设置尿素处理(U)和1,9-癸二醇+尿素处理。其中，1,9-癸二醇设置 4个添加量，分别为100、200、500和1000mg/kg土，编号分别为：1,9-D-100、1,9-D-200、1,9-D-500和1,9-D-1000。每个处理三次重复。施氮量为200mgN/kg土。
1.4实验步骤
采用土柱培养方式进行试验(图1)，土柱高18cm，内径5cm，分为防漏层、土肥混合层、淹水层和空闲区。首先在土柱底部防漏层放置防漏垫和1cm厚石英砂，以防止土壤漏失并模拟田间真实情况，然后在土肥混合层加入实验用土，压实后打开底部淋溶开关并加水使土壤恢复活性。土壤恢复活性一晚后，关闭底部淋溶开关，将各处理所需的尿素与1,9-癸二醇配成混合液后，均匀地施入土柱的土肥混合层，加水保持淹水状态，连续21天监测土壤氨挥发量。
1.5实验结果
与未施用1,9-癸二醇的处理(U)相比，施用1,9-癸二醇可显著降低土壤中氨挥发总量，且随着1,9-癸二醇添用量的提高，其抑制氨挥发的作用越明显(图2)。
验证例2：不同抑制剂对土壤氨挥发的影响
2.1供试土壤：同验证例1。
2.2供试试剂：1,9-癸二醇同实施例1，DCD(双氰胺，C2H4N4)、LN(亚麻酸，C12H30O2)和MHPP(对羟基苯丙酸甲酯，C10H12O3)购买于sigma公司。
2.3实验处理：实验设置尿素处理(U)、DCD+尿素处理、LN+尿素处理、MHPP+尿素处理和1,9-癸二醇+尿素处理，其中，DCD添加量为20mg/kg土，LN、MHPP和1,9-癸二醇添加量为100和500mg/kg土。编号分别为：DCD、LN-100、LN-500、MHPP-100、MHPP-500、1,9-D-100和1,9-D-500。每个处理三次重复。施氮量为200mgN/kg土。
2.4实验步骤：同验证例1。
2.5实验结果
与尿素处理(U)相比，施用不同添加量(100和500mg/kg)的1,9-癸二醇、亚麻酸和MHPP均可抑制土壤氨挥发，其中，施用1,9-癸二醇处理的土壤氨挥发量均显著低于施用亚麻酸和MHPP的处理。对土壤氨挥发的抑制作用由大到小分别为：1,9-D-500>LN-500> 1,9-D-100>MHPP-500>LN-100>MHPP-100。

Claims (4)

1.1,9-癸二醇在抑制土壤氨挥发中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于，1,9-癸二醇与尿素配成混合溶液后施入土壤中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用，其特征在于，所述1,9-癸二醇的添加量为100~1000mg/kg土。
4.1,9-癸二醇在制备抑制氨挥发产品中的应用。
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