CN114230318A - Aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN114230318A
CN114230318A CN202111031210.3A CN202111031210A CN114230318A CN 114230318 A CN114230318 A CN 114230318A CN 202111031210 A CN202111031210 A CN 202111031210A CN 114230318 A CN114230318 A CN 114230318A
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temperature
crucible
aluminum
paraffin
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CN114230318B (en
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张全河
程涛
李建华
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Liaoning Hangan Core Technology Co ltd
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    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/10Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
    • C04B35/101Refractories from grain sized mixtures
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/626Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
    • C04B35/63Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
    • C04B35/638Removal thereof
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    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3418Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
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    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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Abstract

The invention discloses an aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting, which is prepared from the following raw materials: melting quartz powder according to mass percent: 35-40% of alumina powder, 60-65% of alumina powder and paraffin accounting for 12-17% of the total mass of the fused quartz and the alumina powder. The aluminum-silicon crucible only consists of two components of fused quartz and alumina, wherein the two component raw materials are high-temperature resistant raw materials, the fused quartz provides excellent thermal stability performance of the crucible, the service temperature of the crucible can reach 1700 ℃ at most by controlling the granularity and the impurity content of the raw materials, and the service requirement of any high-temperature alloy on the smelting temperature can be met.

Description

Aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of refractory materials for high-temperature alloy precision casting, in particular to an aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The high-temperature alloy investment casting is a net-size casting process, can be used for producing high-temperature alloy castings with complex shapes, and the cast parts have high surface smoothness and accurate size and generally do not need secondary processing. The high-temperature alloy casting has high-temperature use resistance, is widely applied to parts working in high-temperature environments such as aircraft engines, gas turbines and the like, has different high-temperature working environments and different high-temperature alloy components, and has different high-temperature alloy melting temperatures. The melting of the high-temperature alloy is completed in a high-frequency induction furnace, the high-temperature alloy is placed in a crucible and heated by high-frequency induction, the temperature is from room temperature to the melting specified temperature, generally only 20-30 minutes is needed, the crucible is required to have excellent thermal shock resistance, and particularly the crucible is required to meet the requirement of multiple use, so the requirements on the thermal stability and the high temperature resistance of the crucible are extremely high,
at present, most of crucibles for melting high-temperature alloys are magnesium crucibles, isostatic pressing is adopted, the surfaces of the crucibles are rough, and surface particles are easy to fall off during use.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting, which is prepared from the following raw materials: melting quartz powder according to mass percent: 35-40% of alumina powder, 60-65% of alumina powder and paraffin accounting for 12-17% of the total mass of the fused quartz and the alumina powder.
Preferably, the fused quartz powder comprises, by mass, 70-80% of particles with a particle size of 30-50 meshes and 20-30% of particles with a particle size of 50-100 meshes.
Preferably, the alumina particle size d501 to 5 μm.
Preferably, the content of silicon dioxide in the fused quartz is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, and the content of aluminum oxide in the alumina powder is required to be more than or equal to 99.7 percent.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing an aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting, which comprises the following steps:
1) material preparation and mixing: weighing fused quartz powder and alumina powder according to a proportion, adding the two powder materials into a stirrer, and uniformly mixing the two powder materials;
2) drying and preheating: putting the uniformly mixed powder into a drying box for drying and preheating;
3) making a wax cake: weighing paraffin according to a proportion, heating and melting the paraffin, gradually pouring the powder dried and preheated in the step 2) into the paraffin according to the proportion after the paraffin is melted, pouring the powder into the paraffin while starting stirring, pouring the powder into a tray after the powder is uniformly stirred, and cooling the powder to form a wax cake for later use;
4) hot-press molding: putting the wax cake into a material cylinder of a hot die-casting machine, controlling the temperature of the material cylinder to be 100-120 ℃, melting the wax cake, raising the temperature to a set temperature, and then carrying out die-casting molding;
5) wax removal: putting the formed crucible wax piece into a sagger, burying the crucible wax piece by using gamma-alumina powder, and then putting the sagger into a furnace to discharge wax;
6) and (3) firing: cleaning the crucible after de-waxing, and putting the crucible into a high-temperature kiln again for sintering.
Preferably, the temperature of the oven in the step 2) is 105-120 ℃, and the holding time is more than 12 hours.
Preferably, the heating temperature for heating and melting the paraffin in the step 3) is controlled to be 100-120 ℃.
Preferably, the dewaxing conditions in the step 5) are as follows: the temperature is 1180-1200 ℃, wherein the temperature rise time is not less than 28 hours, and the highest temperature heat preservation time is not less than 4 hours.
Preferably, the firing temperature in the step 6) is 1550-1580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-1.5 hours.
The aluminum-silicon crucible provided by the invention only consists of fused quartz and alumina, wherein the fused quartz provides excellent thermal stability of the crucible, and the use temperature of the crucible can reach 1700 ℃ at most by controlling the granularity of raw materials and the content of impurities, so that the use requirement of any high-temperature alloy on the smelting temperature can be met.
The aluminum-silicon crucible formed by hot-press casting has the same use temperature as the magnesium crucible in the prior art, and the surface of the crucible is a smooth alumina layer, so that the aluminum-silicon crucible does not fall off or slag does not fall off during use.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of systems consistent with certain aspects of the invention, as detailed in the appended claims.
At present, most of crucibles for melting high-temperature alloys are magnesium crucibles, isostatic pressing is adopted, the surfaces of the crucibles are rough, and surface particles are easy to fall off during use. To this end, the present embodiment provides an aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: melting quartz powder according to mass percent: 35-40% of alumina powder, 60-65% of alumina powder and paraffin accounting for 12-17% of the total mass of the fused quartz and the alumina powder.
The fused quartz powder comprises, by mass, 70-80% of particles with a particle size of 30-50 meshes and 20-30% of particles with a particle size of 50-100 meshes.
Particle size d of alumina501 to 5 μm. Wherein the raw material compositions of fused silica and alumina are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 raw material elemental composition analysis table
Name (R) SiO2(%) Al2O3(%) Te2O3(%) K2O(%) Na2O(%)
Fused quartz 99.9 0.02 0.005 0.005 0.005
Alumina oxide 0.04 99.7 0.021 0.006 0.07
The content of silicon dioxide in the fused quartz is more than or equal to 99.9 percent, and the content of aluminum oxide in the alumina powder is required to be more than or equal to 99.7 percent.
Fused quartz is a refractory material with the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion, i.e. 0.55X 10-6In the embodiment, fused quartz powder is selected as one of the basic raw materials, so that the excellent thermal stability of the crucible is ensured, the granularity of the fused quartz is selected to be 30-100 meshes, and the use temperature of the crucible is ensured to be close to the melting point 1713 ℃ of the fused quartz. Alumina is an inert material of the high-temperature alloy, does not react with the high-temperature alloy when the alloy is melted, has the characteristic of high temperature resistance, and has a melting point of 2050 ℃ but has a thermal expansion coefficient (8.6 multiplied by 10)-6) The crucible is prepared from the two raw materials, overcomes the respective defects of the two materials, retains the respective advantages of the two raw materials, and can be used for a plurality of times without cracking, falling off or reacting with a high-temperature alloy.
In order to ensure the high-temperature service performance of the crucible, the proportion, the components and the granularity of the two raw materials are strictly controlled, wherein the requirements on the chemical components of the fused quartz are as follows: SiO 22Not less than 99.9 percent, the granularity of the fused quartz is required to be 30-100 meshes,the chemical composition of the alumina is required to be Al2O3Not less than 99.7%, alumina particle size d 50: 1 to 5 μm. In order to avoid introducing other impurities, the molding process adopts a hot-press casting process taking paraffin as a binder, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) material preparation and mixing: weighing fused quartz powder and alumina powder according to a proportion, adding the 2 kinds of powder into a stirrer, and uniformly mixing the two kinds of powder.
(2) Drying and preheating: and (3) putting the uniformly mixed powder into a drying box, wherein the temperature of the drying box is 105-120 ℃, and keeping for more than 12 hours.
(3) Making a wax cake: weighing paraffin according to a proportion, putting the paraffin into a stainless steel container with heating and stirring functions, controlling the heating temperature to be 100-120 ℃, after the paraffin is melted, gradually pouring the dried and preheated powder into the paraffin according to the proportion, simultaneously starting stirring, pouring the powder into a tray after uniform stirring, and cooling to form a wax cake for later use.
(4) Hot-press molding: and (3) putting the wax cake into a material cylinder of a hot die-casting machine, controlling the temperature of the material cylinder to be 100-120 ℃, melting the wax cake, and raising the temperature to a set temperature to perform die-casting molding.
(5) Wax removal: and (3) putting the formed crucible wax piece into a sagger, burying the sagger by using gamma-alumina powder, and then putting the sagger into a furnace for exhausting and burning, wherein the paraffin exhausting temperature is 1180-1200 ℃, the temperature rise time is not less than 28 hours, and the highest temperature heat preservation time is not less than 4 hours.
(6) And (3) firing: and cleaning the crucible after de-waxing, and then putting the crucible into a high-temperature kiln again, wherein the firing temperature is 1550-1580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-1.5 hours.
The aluminum-silicon crucible manufactured by the scheme can be used for melting the high-temperature alloy below 1700 ℃, the inner surface of the crucible is smooth and fine, the crucible has the characteristics of good thermal stability and high refractoriness, and the crucible does not crack, fall off or react with the high-temperature alloy when the high-temperature alloy is melted in the crucible, can be used for multiple times, and ensures that the components are not polluted in the melting process of the high-temperature alloy.
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of an aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting comprises the following specific production steps:
(1) material preparation and material mixing: weighing fused quartz and alumina powder according to a proportion, and adding the two powder materials into a stirrer to uniformly mix the two powder materials.
The specific formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
fused silica powder: 38 percent of
Alumina powder: 62 percent of
The fused quartz particles comprise 75% of particles passing through a 30-50-mesh sieve and 25% of particles passing through a 50-100-mesh sieve in percentage by mass.
(iii) alumina powder d50 is 3.6 μm.
The raw material compositions of fused silica and alumina are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 raw material elemental composition analysis table
Name (R) SiO2(%) Al2O3(%) Te2O3(%) K2O(%) Na2O(%)
Fused quartz 99.9 0.02 0.005 0.005 0.005
Alumina oxide 0.04 99.7 0.021 0.006 0.07
(2) Drying and preheating: and putting the uniformly mixed powder into a drying box, and keeping the temperature of the drying box at 120 ℃ for 20 hours.
(3) Making a wax cake: weighing paraffin accounting for 15% of the total mass of the two basic materials, putting the paraffin into a stainless steel container with heating and stirring functions, heating to 120 ℃, after the paraffin is melted, gradually pouring the dried and preheated powder into the paraffin, pouring the powder into the paraffin while starting stirring, pouring the powder into a tray after the powder is uniformly stirred, and cooling the wax slurry to prepare the wax cake.
(4) Hot-press molding: and putting the prepared wax cake into a material cylinder of a hot die casting machine, setting the temperature of the material cylinder to be 115 ℃, putting a crucible mold into the hot die casting machine after the wax cake is completely melted and heated to the set temperature, carrying out die casting molding, cooling the mold to room temperature, opening the mold, and preparing a crucible wax piece with the lower opening outer diameter of 124mm, the upper opening outer diameter of 130mm, the height of 240mm and the wall thickness of 9 mm.
(5) Wax removal: putting the crucible wax piece into a sagger, burying the sagger with gamma-alumina powder, then putting the sagger into a furnace for discharging and burning, wherein the highest temperature of the wax discharging is 1200 ℃, the temperature rising time from room temperature to 1200 ℃ is 30 hours, and the heat preservation time at 1200 ℃ is 5 hours.
(6) And (3) firing: and cleaning the surface of the crucible after wax removal, and putting the crucible into a high-temperature kiln, wherein the firing maximum temperature is 1550 ℃, and the heat preservation time at 1550 ℃ is 1.5 hours.
And (3) testing results: meets the use requirement of high-temperature alloy melting.
Example 2
A preparation method of an aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting comprises the following specific production steps:
(1) material preparation and material mixing: weighing fused quartz and alumina powder according to a proportion, and adding the two powder materials into a stirrer to uniformly mix the two powder materials.
The specific formula comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
fused silica powder: 36 percent
Alumina powder: 64 percent
The fused quartz particles comprise 75% of particles passing through a 30-50-mesh sieve and 25% of particles passing through a 50-100-mesh sieve in percentage by mass.
(iii) alumina powder d50 is 3.6 μm.
The raw material compositions of fused silica and alumina are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 raw material elemental composition analysis table
Name (R) SiO2(%) Al2O3(%) Te2O3(%) K2O(%) Na2O(%)
Fused quartz 99.9 0.02 0.005 0.005 0.005
Alumina oxide 0.04 99.7 0.021 0.006 0.07
(2) Drying and preheating: and putting the uniformly mixed powder into a drying box, and keeping the temperature of the drying box at 120 ℃ for 20 hours.
(3) Making a wax cake: weighing paraffin accounting for 13% of the mass sum of the two basic materials, putting the paraffin into a stainless steel container with heating and stirring functions, heating to 110 ℃, after the paraffin is melted, gradually pouring the dried and preheated powder into the paraffin, pouring the powder into the paraffin while starting stirring, pouring the powder into a tray after the powder is uniformly stirred, and cooling the wax slurry to prepare the wax cake.
(4) Hot-press molding: and putting the prepared wax cake into a material cylinder of a hot die casting machine, setting the temperature of the material cylinder to be 110 ℃, after the wax cake is completely melted and heated to the set temperature, putting a crucible mold into the hot die casting machine, carrying out die casting molding, cooling the mold to room temperature, opening the mold, and preparing a crucible wax piece with the lower opening outer diameter of 124mm, the upper opening outer diameter of 130mm, the height of 240mm and the wall thickness of 9 mm.
(5) Wax removal: and (3) putting the crucible wax piece into a sagger, burying the sagger with gamma-alumina powder, then putting the sagger into a furnace for discharging and burning, wherein the highest temperature of discharging and burning is 1190 ℃, the temperature rise time from room temperature to 1190 ℃ is 31 hours, and the heat preservation time at 1190 ℃ is 5 hours.
(6) And (3) firing: cleaning the surface of the crucible after dewaxing, and putting the crucible into a high-temperature kiln, wherein the firing temperature is 1580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 hour at 1580 ℃.
And (3) testing results: meets the use requirement of high-temperature alloy melting.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to what has been described above, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. The aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: melting quartz powder according to mass percent: 35-40% of alumina powder, 60-65% of alumina powder and paraffin accounting for 12-17% of the total mass of the fused quartz and the alumina powder.
2. The aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting according to claim 1, wherein the fused silica powder comprises 70 to 80 mass% of particles having a particle size of 30 to 50 mesh and 20 to 30 mass% of particles having a particle size of 50 to 100 mesh.
3. The aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting according to claim 1, wherein the particle size d of the alumina is501 to 5 μm.
4. The aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting according to claim 1, wherein the fused silica has a silica content of 99.9% or more, and the alumina powder has an alumina content of 99.7% or more.
5. A preparation method of an aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) material preparation and mixing: weighing fused quartz powder and alumina powder according to a proportion, adding the two powder materials into a stirrer, and uniformly mixing the two powder materials;
2) drying and preheating: putting the uniformly mixed powder into a drying box for drying and preheating;
3) making a wax cake: weighing paraffin according to a proportion, heating and melting the paraffin, gradually pouring the powder dried and preheated in the step 2) into the paraffin according to the proportion after the paraffin is melted, pouring the powder into the paraffin while starting stirring, pouring the powder into a tray after the powder is uniformly stirred, and cooling the powder to form a wax cake for later use;
4) hot-press molding: putting the wax cake into a material cylinder of a hot die-casting machine, controlling the temperature of the material cylinder to be 100-120 ℃, melting the wax cake, raising the temperature to a set temperature, and then carrying out die-casting molding;
5) wax removal: putting the formed crucible wax piece into a sagger, burying the crucible wax piece by using gamma-alumina powder, and then putting the sagger into a furnace to discharge wax;
6) and (3) firing: cleaning the crucible after de-waxing, and putting the crucible into a high-temperature kiln again for sintering.
6. The method for preparing the aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting according to claim 5, wherein the oven temperature in the step 2) is 105-120 ℃, and the holding time is more than 12 hours.
7. The method for preparing the aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting according to claim 5, wherein the heating temperature for melting the paraffin wax in the step 3) is controlled to be 100-120 ℃.
8. The method for preparing the aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting according to claim 5, wherein the dewaxing conditions in the step 5) are as follows: the temperature is 1180-1200 ℃, wherein the temperature rise time is not less than 28 hours, and the highest temperature heat preservation time is not less than 4 hours.
9. The preparation method of the aluminum-silicon crucible for investment casting according to claim 5, wherein the firing temperature in the step 6) is 1550-1580 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 1-1.5 hours.
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CN116177999A (en) * 2022-12-16 2023-05-30 中航装甲科技有限公司 Alumina crucible for high-temperature alloy smelting and preparation method thereof

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