CN114228280A - 一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料 - Google Patents

一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料 Download PDF

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CN114228280A
CN114228280A CN202111441417.8A CN202111441417A CN114228280A CN 114228280 A CN114228280 A CN 114228280A CN 202111441417 A CN202111441417 A CN 202111441417A CN 114228280 A CN114228280 A CN 114228280A
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张鑫
魏秋生
徐国生
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JIANGSU LINRY NEW MSTAR TECHNOLOGY Ltd
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JIANGSU LINRY NEW MSTAR TECHNOLOGY Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料，包含纤维材料；纤维材料的一个表面上附有树脂薄膜，纤维材料的另一个表面上设有芳纶加强层；所述树脂薄膜的厚度为高强度纤维材料厚度的1/4‑1/3；所述的芳纶加强层包括若干层混合编织物，混合编织物之间通过改性酚醛树脂相连；混合编织物为将芳纶细丝和聚乙烯细丝按经纬线的方式进行编织制成。纤维复合材料中通过复合树脂薄膜和芳纶增强层的方式，以提升综合韧性与强度，在使用时，通过若干层混合编织物的作用，可以赋予高强度纤维材料一定的抗冲击能力。

Description

一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料。
背景技术
高性能纤维是具有特殊的物理化学结构、性能和用途，或具有特殊功能的化学纤维，一般指强度大于17.6cN/dtex，弹性模量在440cN/dtex以上的纤维。
高强度纤维复合材料往往需要具备如耐强腐蚀、低磨损、耐高温、耐辐射、抗燃、耐高电压、高强度高模量、高弹性、反渗透、高效过滤、吸附、离子交换、导光、导电以及多种医学功能。
这些纤维大都应用于工业、国防、医疗、环境保护和尖端科学各方面。其中高强度高模量的纤维材料在工业生产中用途广。
要想提高纤维材料的结构强度与韧性，除了对纤维材料本身进行改性之外，最常用的方法就是设计复合式纤维材料，利用芳纶、石墨烯、树脂等材料，赋予纤维材料一定的强度与韧性。
复合结构中，可以将不同类型的高强度高模量材料组合在一起，形成优势互补，并通过有效的连接方式，依次制备高强度的纤维复合材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决以上现有技术的不足，提出了一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料。
一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料，
包含纤维材料；
纤维材料的一个表面上附有树脂薄膜，纤维材料的另一个表面上设有芳纶加强层；
所述树脂薄膜的厚度为高强度纤维材料厚度的1/4-1/3；
所述的芳纶加强层包括若干层混合编织物，混合编织物之间通过改性酚醛树脂相连；
混合编织物为将芳纶细丝和聚乙烯细丝按经纬线的方式进行编织制成。
进一步的，改性酚醛树脂为酚醛树脂干性油与酚类物质反应后，在碱性催化剂的存在下，与甲醛进行反应生成的改性酚醛树脂。
进一步的，纤维材料为复合材料，内层为无机纤维层，外层为有机纤维层，有机纤维层与无机纤维层之间通过热压合的方式复合；
有机纤维层，所述有机纤维层包括尼龙树脂、玻璃纤维、润滑剂和有机溶剂；
无机纤维层，所述无机纤维层包括二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钙。
进一步的，混合编织物中，经线为芳纶细丝，纬线为聚乙烯细丝。
进一步的，内层纤维层中，包括将原料进行称重、破碎、混合；
在1000℃以上的温度下进行熔融，并保温3-5h；
冷却为固体后再次破碎，并通过浸润剂涂覆后，再通过拉丝机牵引制成原丝饼。
进一步的，混合编织物的层数大于4层。
进一步的，芳纶细丝的制备包括将芳纶在300-400℃进行热拉伸处理，并在惰性气体的保护下充入适量浓度的氧气。
采用微量氧气催化交联反应，可以有效的提升芳纶细丝的压缩强度与剪切强度。
有益效果：
纤维复合材料中通过复合树脂薄膜和芳纶增强层的方式，以提升综合韧性与强度，在使用时，通过若干层混合编织物的作用，可以赋予高强度纤维材料一定的抗冲击能力。
其次通过添加聚乙烯细丝，使得整体纤维复合材料具有一定的柔韧性，从而提升材料的抗剪切能力，并可以减轻重量，提升比强度，从而使得该材料可以用于防弹领域中，例如制备防弹外壳或是防弹衣。
最后，通过改性酚醛树脂将各层之间相互复合，可以提升复合材料的结构强度，避免材料之间出现裂隙，且改性酚醛树脂的成本低廉，可以用于大规模的工业化生产中。
且该方式不会引发芳纶的降解，可以应用于工业化大批量生产中，且反应可控。
具体实施方式
为了加深对本发明的理解，下面将结合实施例对本发明作进一步详述，该实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明保护范围的限定。
一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料，
包含纤维材料；
纤维材料的一个表面上附有树脂薄膜，纤维材料的另一个表面上设有芳纶加强层；
所述树脂薄膜的厚度为高强度纤维材料厚度的1/4-1/3；
所述的芳纶加强层包括若干层混合编织物，混合编织物之间通过改性酚醛树脂相连；
混合编织物为将芳纶细丝和聚乙烯细丝按经纬线的方式进行编织制成。
改性酚醛树脂为酚醛树脂干性油与酚类物质反应后，在碱性催化剂的存在下，与甲醛进行反应生成的改性酚醛树脂。
纤维材料为复合材料，内层为无机纤维层，外层为有机纤维层，有机纤维层与无机纤维层之间通过热压合的方式复合。
有机纤维层，所述有机纤维层包括尼龙树脂、玻璃纤维、润滑剂和有机溶剂。
无机纤维层，所述无机纤维层包括二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钙。
无机纤维层中，包括将原料进行称重、破碎、混合；
在1000℃以上的温度下进行熔融，并保温3-5h；
冷却为固体后再次破碎，并通过浸润剂涂覆后，再通过拉丝机牵引制成原丝饼。
纤维复合材料在收到较大的冲击时，芳纶加强层中的混合编织物可以提升复合纤维材料的强度，通过编织物的形式，可以将呈点状的冲击力分散出去，并以面的形式承受外来冲击，应用在防弹衣领域，可以有效的减少冲击对人体造成的伤害。并防止复合纤维材料出现断裂的现象。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料，其特征在于，
包含纤维材料；
纤维材料的一个表面上附有树脂薄膜，纤维材料的另一个表面上设有芳纶加强层；
所述树脂薄膜的厚度为高强度纤维材料厚度的1/4-1/3；
所述的芳纶加强层包括若干层混合编织物，混合编织物之间通过改性酚醛树脂相连；
混合编织物为将芳纶细丝和聚乙烯细丝按经纬分布的方式进行编织制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料，其特征在于，改性酚醛树脂为酚醛树脂干性油与酚类物质反应后，在碱性催化剂的存在下，与甲醛进行反应生成的改性酚醛树脂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料，其特征在于，纤维材料为复合材料，内层为无机纤维层，外层为有机纤维层，有机纤维层与无机纤维层之间通过热压合的方式复合；
有机纤维层，所述有机纤维层包括尼龙树脂、玻璃纤维、润滑剂和有机溶剂；
无机纤维层，所述无机纤维层包括二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化钙。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料，其特征在于，混合编织物中，经线为芳纶细丝，纬线为聚乙烯细丝。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料，其特征在于，内层纤维层中，包括将原料进行称重、破碎、混合；
在1000℃以上的温度下进行熔融，并保温3-5h；
冷却为固体后再次破碎，并通过浸润剂涂覆后，再通过拉丝机牵引制成原丝饼。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料，其特征在于，混合编织物的层数大于4层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于芳纶增强的高强度纤维复合材料，其特征在于，芳纶细丝的制备包括将芳纶在300-400℃进行热拉伸处理，并在惰性气体的保护下充入适量浓度的氧气。
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