CN114226742A - Preparation method of aluminum alloy powder - Google Patents
Preparation method of aluminum alloy powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN114226742A CN114226742A CN202111593839.7A CN202111593839A CN114226742A CN 114226742 A CN114226742 A CN 114226742A CN 202111593839 A CN202111593839 A CN 202111593839A CN 114226742 A CN114226742 A CN 114226742A
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009750 centrifugal casting Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009461 vacuum packaging Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001095 light aluminium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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Abstract
The application discloses a preparation method of aluminum alloy powder, which comprises the following steps: under the vacuum condition, taking an aluminum alloy bar as an anode electrode to carry out plasma rotating electrode powder preparation to obtain aluminum alloy powder; during the process of powder making by the plasma rotating electrode, the initial rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is set to 8000r/min, the plasma gun is ignited to form a transfer arc, the end face of the aluminum alloy bar is heated and melted, and then the rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is increased to 18000r/min within 10 s. According to the preparation method of the aluminum alloy powder, the initial rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is set to 8000r/min, the rotating speed is not too high or too low, and a large amount of flaky powder cannot be generated after the plasma generator is ignited to melt the end face of the aluminum alloy bar. After the arc is successfully ignited, the rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is increased to 18000r/min within 10s, and the yield of fine powder can be increased by preparing powder at high rotating speed. Therefore, the aluminum alloy powder prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy powder has good sphericity.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a preparation method of aluminum alloy powder.
Background
Under the promotion of global development strategies such as light weight, green manufacturing, energy conservation and consumption reduction, the dosage of light alloy in the manufacturing process of the product is more and more. The high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy is one of the preferred materials of the light alloy, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, rail transit, light automobiles and the like due to excellent physical and chemical properties and mechanical properties of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy.
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a new type of laser rapid prototyping process. The SLM process is applied to forming single-piece and small-batch aerospace aluminum alloy products, and the method has the advantages over the traditional process in the aspects of improving the material utilization rate, realizing the manufacture of complex structures, shortening the manufacturing period and the like. However, to obtain an aluminum alloy SLM product with excellent performance, the preparation of a high-strength and high-conductivity aluminum alloy powder material is one of the main difficulties. At present, under the domestic and foreign plasma rotating electrode powder making process method, high-strength and high-conductivity aluminum alloy powder has the defects of low sphericity and poor fluidity (the powder with minus 325 meshes basically has no fluidity), and the phenomena of non-uniform powder laying, powder agglomeration and the like are easy to occur in the SLM printing process, so that the quality of a final product is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of aluminum alloy powder with high sphericity and good fluidity.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of aluminum alloy powder comprises the following steps:
under the vacuum condition, taking an aluminum alloy bar as an anode electrode to carry out plasma rotating electrode powder preparation to obtain aluminum alloy powder;
during the process of powder making by the plasma rotating electrode, the initial rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is set to be 6000 r/min-8000 r/min, after a plasma gun is ignited to form a transfer arc, the end face of the aluminum alloy bar is heated and melted, and the rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is increased to 16000 r/min-18000 r/min within 10 s.
In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy bar is prepared by the following method:
and preparing an ingot from an aluminum alloy raw material by adopting a centrifugal casting mode, then annealing, and grinding to obtain the aluminum alloy bar.
In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
in one embodiment, the step of plasma rotating electrode milling is performed with an aluminum alloy rod as the anode:
the feeding speed of the aluminum alloy bar is 1.6 mm/s-2.0 mm/s.
In one embodiment, the step of plasma rotating electrode milling is performed with an aluminum alloy rod as the anode:
the current of the plasma gun is 1000-2000A.
In one embodiment, the step of plasma rotating electrode milling is performed with an aluminum alloy rod as the anode:
the distance between the plasma gun and the aluminum alloy bar is 10-70 mm.
In one embodiment, the step of plasma rotating electrode milling is performed with an aluminum alloy rod as the anode:
the temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the ambient humidity is less than or equal to 75% RH.
In one embodiment, the above aluminum alloy powder production method further includes the steps of:
after the milling is finished, the pressure is maintained for 4 hours under the condition of 120 KPa.
In one embodiment, the above aluminum alloy powder production method further includes the steps of:
and after the aluminum alloy powder is cooled, screening the aluminum alloy powder by using a screening ultrasonic vibration screening machine, screening by using a 200-mesh screen, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
According to the preparation method of the aluminum alloy powder, the plasma gun forms the transfer arc to heat and melt one end of the aluminum alloy bar, liquid drops formed in the atomization chamber after the aluminum alloy bar is melted are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the liquid drops are cooled to form the aluminum alloy powder under the action of surface tension. In the process of preparing the powder by the plasma rotating electrode, the initial rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is set to be too high, the rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is too high, and after the plasma generator is ignited to melt the end face of the aluminum alloy bar, a large amount of flaky powder can be generated in the prepared aluminum alloy powder. And the rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is too low, the prepared powder has large granularity, the yield of fine powder with the particle size smaller than 325 meshes is low, and the application in the SLM field is not facilitated. Therefore, in the process of preparing the aluminum alloy powder by the plasma rotating electrode, the initial rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is set to 8000r/min, the rotating speed is not too high or too low, and a large amount of flaky powder cannot be generated after the plasma generator is ignited to melt the end surface of the aluminum alloy bar. After the arc is successfully ignited, the rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is increased to 18000r/min within 10s, and the yield of fine powder can be increased by preparing powder at high rotating speed. Therefore, the aluminum alloy powder prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy powder has high sphericity and good fluidity.
The process method for preparing the powder by the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy plasma rotating electrode provided by the invention has the advantages that the powder has high sphericity and good fluidity, the apparent density can reach 60% of that of a compact material, and the technical bottleneck of the high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy powder for SLM forming can be effectively solved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of making an aluminum alloy powder according to one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of an aluminum alloy powder prepared by the method of comparative example 4;
FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of the aluminum alloy powder prepared by the method of example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing an aluminum alloy powder, including the following steps:
and S10, under the vacuum condition, taking the aluminum alloy bar as an anode electrode to carry out plasma rotating electrode powder preparation, thus obtaining aluminum alloy powder.
During the process of making powder by the plasma rotating electrode, the initial rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is set to 8000 r/min-10000 r/min, the plasma gun is ignited to form a transfer arc, the end face of the aluminum alloy bar is heated and melted (successful arc striking), and the rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is increased to 16000 r/min-18000 r/min within 10 s.
According to the preparation method of the aluminum alloy powder, the plasma gun forms the transfer arc to heat and melt one end of the aluminum alloy bar, liquid drops formed in the atomization chamber after the aluminum alloy bar is melted are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the liquid drops are cooled to form the aluminum alloy powder under the action of surface tension. In the process of preparing powder by using the plasma rotating electrode, the initial rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is set to be too high, the rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is too high, and after the plasma generator is ignited to melt the end face of the aluminum alloy bar, a large amount of flaky powder can be generated in the prepared aluminum alloy powder. And the rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is too low, the prepared powder has large granularity, the yield of fine powder with the particle size smaller than 325 meshes is low, and the application in the SLM field is not facilitated. Therefore, in the process of preparing the aluminum alloy powder by the plasma rotating electrode, the initial rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is set to be 6000r r-8000 r/min, the rotating speed is not too high or too low, and a large amount of flaky powder cannot be generated after the plasma generator is ignited to melt the end face of the aluminum alloy bar. After the arc is successfully ignited, the rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is increased to 16000 r/min-18000 r/min within 10s, and the fine powder yield can be increased by preparing powder at high rotating speed. Therefore, the aluminum alloy powder prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy powder has good sphericity and is beneficial to the application in the SLM field.
In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy bar is prepared by the following method:
preparing an aluminum alloy raw material into a cast ingot by adopting a centrifugal casting mode, then carrying out annealing treatment, and obtaining an aluminum alloy bar after grinding.
The annealing treatment can eliminate the internal stress of the ingot.
In one embodiment, the aluminum alloy bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Mg6.0％～8.0％；
Si1.0％～1.5％；
Sc0.3％～0.6％；
Zr0.1％～0.3％；
0.4 to 0.5 percent of Mn0; and
the balance of Al.
The aluminum alloy bar comprises the components in percentage by mass, the prepared aluminum alloy powder is high in sphericity, good in fluidity, low in oxygen content and narrow in powder particle size distribution, and hollow powder and satellite powder rarely occur, so that the requirement of steel additive manufacturing powder can be well met.
In one embodiment, the step of plasma rotating electrode milling is performed with an aluminum alloy rod as the anode:
the feeding speed of the aluminum alloy bar is 1.6 mm/s-2.0 mm/s.
The feeding speed of the aluminum alloy bar is 1.6-2.0 mm/s, the distance between the end surface of the aluminum alloy bar and the plasma gun can be guaranteed to be basically unchanged, and the stability of arc transfer in the powder preparation process is facilitated.
Preferably, the feeding speed of the aluminum alloy bar is 2.0mm/s, the distance between the end surface of the electrode bar and the plasma gun can be ensured to be basically unchanged, and the stability of arc transfer in the powder preparation process is facilitated.
In one embodiment, the step of plasma rotating electrode milling is performed with an aluminum alloy rod as the anode:
the current of the plasma gun is 1000-2000A.
The current range of the plasma gun is 1000-2000A, the prepared powder has the highest sphericity, and the proportion of flaky powder is increased if the current intensity of the plasma arc is too high. The reason is that the energy of the plasma gun is larger along with the increase of the current intensity, on one hand, the turbulent liquid flow is easily generated in the molten pool due to the excessive energy, and the flaky powder is formed; on the other hand, the energy density is too high, which is easy to cause partial ablation of some low-boiling-point elements in the aluminum alloy.
The initial current of the plasma gun was set to 1000A.
On one hand, the plasma arc current is too large, and on the other hand, the energy is too large, so that a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy molten pool can generate disordered liquid flow to form flaky powder; on the other hand, the energy density is too high, which is easy to cause partial ablation of low boiling point elements such as high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy and the like. Therefore, the initial plasma arc current must be controlled, and is generally controlled to be at 1000A.
In one embodiment, the step of plasma rotating electrode milling is performed with an aluminum alloy rod as the anode: the distance between the plasma gun and the aluminum alloy bar is 10-70 mm.
Preferably, the distance between the plasma gun and the aluminum alloy bar is 70 mm. The distance between the plasma gun and the aluminum alloy bar influences the size of plasma arc current. In order to better control the initial current of the plasma arc, the initial distance between the plasma gun and the electrode rod is preferably kept at 70 mm.
In one embodiment, the step of plasma rotating electrode milling is performed with an aluminum alloy rod as the anode:
the temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the ambient humidity is less than or equal to 75% RH.
In one embodiment, before the aluminum alloy bar is used as the anode electrode for plasma rotating electrode powder making, the processed aluminum alloy bar is used as the anode electrode and is placed in an atomizing furnace, protective gas argon is filled in the atomizing furnace, the atomizing furnace is vacuumized, and the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 x 10-3Pa。
And the protective gas is filled in the aluminum alloy powder, and then the aluminum alloy powder is vacuumized, so that the oxygen content of the prepared aluminum alloy powder can be reduced.
Further, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy powder further comprises the following steps:
and S20, maintaining the pressure for 4 hours under the condition of 120KPa after the powder preparation is finished.
By performing pressure-maintaining treatment under high pressure, the aluminum alloy powder can have high sphericity and rarely generate hollow powder and satellite powder.
Further, the preparation method of the aluminum alloy powder further comprises the following steps:
and S30, after the aluminum alloy powder is cooled, screening the aluminum alloy powder by using a screening ultrasonic vibration screening machine, screening by using a 200-mesh screen, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
The aluminum alloy powder is screened by a screening ultrasonic vibration screening machine, and after the aluminum alloy powder passes through a 200-mesh screen, the powder has narrow particle size distribution and good flowing phase.
The aluminum alloy powder prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum alloy powder has high sphericity, good fluidity, low oxygen content and narrow powder particle size distribution, and the hollow powder and the satellite powder rarely occur, so that the requirement of steel additive manufacturing powder can be well met. The aluminum alloy powder prepared by the invention is widely applied to 3D printing in the fields of aerospace, ships, weaponry and the like.
The following is a detailed description of the embodiments.
Comparative example 1
Preparing aluminum alloy powder from an aluminum alloy bar by the following steps:
1) in the test, a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy bar is used for preparing a cast ingot with the diameter of 75mm multiplied by 300mm in a centrifugal casting mode, and then internal stress is eliminated through annealing treatment. And (3) cutting the shrinkage cavity, and processing by a numerical control lathe and a grinding machine to finally obtain a master alloy bar material with phi of 70mm multiplied by 285mm, wherein the circumferential runout of the bar material is less than 5 wires (0.05 mm). The aluminum alloy bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg6.0%; si 1.0%; sc0.3 percent; zr0.1%; 0.4 percent of Mn0; and the balance of Al.
2) Ensuring that the environmental temperature is 25 ℃ and the environmental humidity is less than or equal to 75 percent RH, placing the processed aluminum alloy bar serving as an anode in an atomizing furnace, filling protective gas argon, vacuumizing the atomizing furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 multiplied by 10-3Pa；
3) Setting technological parameters to start the plasma rotating electrode powder manufacturing equipment, wherein the aluminum alloy bar rotates at the speed of 8000r/min, the feeding speed of the aluminum alloy bar is 1.6mm/s, the current of a plasma gun is 1000A, and the distance between the plasma gun and an electrode bar is 10 mm. The plasma gun forms a transfer arc to heat and melt one end of the aluminum alloy bar, so that liquid drops formed by melting the aluminum alloy bar in the atomizing chamber are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the liquid drops are cooled to form aluminum alloy powder under the action of surface tension;
4) after the powder preparation is finished, keeping the high pressure of 120KPa in the atomizing furnace for 4 hours, after the powder is cooled, sieving the powder by using a sieving ultrasonic vibration sieve machine, sieving the powder by using a 200-mesh sieve, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
Comparative example 2
Preparing aluminum alloy powder from an aluminum alloy bar by the following steps:
1) in the test, a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy bar is used for preparing a cast ingot with the diameter of 75mm multiplied by 300mm in a centrifugal casting mode, and then internal stress is eliminated through annealing treatment. And (3) cutting the shrinkage cavity, and processing by a numerical control lathe and a grinding machine to finally obtain a master alloy bar material with phi of 70mm multiplied by 285mm, wherein the circumferential runout of the bar material is less than 5 wires (0.05 mm). The aluminum alloy bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg6.0%; si 1.0%; sc0.3 percent; zr0.1%; 0.4 percent of Mn0; and the balance of Al.
2) Ensuring that the environmental temperature is 25 ℃ and the environmental humidity is less than or equal to 75 percent RH, placing the processed aluminum alloy bar serving as an anode in an atomizing furnace, filling protective gas argon, vacuumizing the atomizing furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 multiplied by 10-3Pa；
3) Setting technological parameters to start the plasma rotating electrode powder making equipment, rotating the aluminum alloy bar at 12000r/min, wherein the feeding speed of the aluminum alloy bar is 1.8mm/s, the current of a plasma gun is 1500A, and the distance between the plasma gun and the electrode bar is 40 mm. The plasma gun forms a transfer arc to heat and melt one end of the aluminum alloy bar, so that liquid drops formed by melting the aluminum alloy bar in the atomizing chamber are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the liquid drops are cooled to form aluminum alloy powder under the action of surface tension;
4) after the powder preparation is finished, keeping the high pressure of 120KPa in the atomizing furnace for 4 hours, after the powder is cooled, sieving the powder by using a sieving ultrasonic vibration sieve machine, sieving the powder by using a 200-mesh sieve, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
Comparative example 3
Preparing aluminum alloy powder from an aluminum alloy bar by the following steps:
1) in the test, a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy bar is used for preparing a cast ingot with the diameter of 75mm multiplied by 300mm in a centrifugal casting mode, and then internal stress is eliminated through annealing treatment. And (3) cutting the shrinkage cavity, and processing by a numerical control lathe and a grinding machine to finally obtain a master alloy bar material with phi of 70mm multiplied by 285mm, wherein the circumferential runout of the bar material is less than 5 wires (0.05 mm). The aluminum alloy bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg6.0%; si 1.0%; sc0.3 percent; zr0.1%; 0.4 percent of Mn0; and the balance of Al.
2) Ensuring that the environmental temperature is 25 ℃ and the environmental humidity is less than or equal to 75 percent RH, placing the processed aluminum alloy bar serving as an anode in an atomizing furnace, filling protective gas argon, vacuumizing the atomizing furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 multiplied by 10-3Pa；
3) Setting technological parameters to start the plasma rotating electrode powder manufacturing equipment, wherein the aluminum alloy bar rotates at the speed of 18000r/min, the feeding speed of the aluminum alloy bar is 2.0mm/s, the current of a plasma gun is 2000A, and the distance between the plasma gun and an electrode bar is 70 mm. The plasma gun forms a transfer arc to heat and melt one end of the aluminum alloy bar, liquid drops after the aluminum alloy bar is melted in the atomizing chamber are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the liquid drops are cooled to form aluminum alloy powder under the action of surface tension.
4) After the powder preparation is finished, keeping the high pressure of 120KPa in the atomizing furnace for 4 hours, after the powder is cooled, sieving the powder by using a sieving ultrasonic vibration sieve machine, sieving the powder by using a 200-mesh sieve, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
Comparative example 4
1) In the test, a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy bar is used for preparing a cast ingot with the diameter of 75mm multiplied by 300mm in a centrifugal casting mode, and then internal stress is eliminated through annealing treatment. And (3) cutting the shrinkage cavity, and processing by a numerical control lathe and a grinding machine to finally obtain a master alloy bar material with phi of 70mm multiplied by 285mm, wherein the circumferential runout of the bar material is less than 5 wires (0.05 mm). The aluminum alloy bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg6.0%; si 1.0%; sc0.3 percent; zr0.1%; 0.4 percent of Mn0; and the balance of Al.
2) Ensuring that the environmental temperature is 25 ℃ and the environmental humidity is less than or equal to 75 percent RH, placing the processed aluminum alloy bar serving as an anode in an atomizing furnace, filling protective gas argon, vacuumizing the atomizing furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 multiplied by 10-3Pa；
3) Setting technological parameters to start the plasma rotating electrode powder manufacturing equipment, rotating the aluminum alloy bar at 6000r/min, wherein the feeding speed of the aluminum alloy bar is 2.0mm/s, the current of a plasma gun is 400A, and the distance between the plasma gun and the electrode bar is 70 mm. The plasma gun forms a transfer arc to heat and melt one end of the aluminum alloy bar, liquid drops after the aluminum alloy bar is melted in the atomizing chamber are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the liquid drops are cooled to form aluminum alloy powder under the action of surface tension.
4) After the powder preparation is finished, keeping the high pressure of 120KPa in the atomizing furnace for 4 hours, after the powder is cooled, sieving the powder by using a sieving ultrasonic vibration sieve machine, sieving the powder by using a 200-mesh sieve, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
Example 1
Preparing aluminum alloy powder from an aluminum alloy bar by the following steps:
1) in the test, a high-strength high-conductivity aluminum alloy bar is used for preparing a cast ingot with the diameter of 75mm multiplied by 300mm in a centrifugal casting mode, and then internal stress is eliminated through annealing treatment. And (3) cutting the shrinkage cavity, and processing by a numerical control lathe and a grinding machine to finally obtain a master alloy bar material with phi of 70mm multiplied by 285mm, wherein the circumferential runout of the bar material is less than 5 wires (0.05 mm). The aluminum alloy bar comprises the following components in percentage by mass: mg6.0%; si 1.0%; sc0.3 percent; zr0.1%; 0.4 percent of Mn0; and the balance of Al.
2) Ensuring that the environmental temperature is 25 ℃ and the environmental humidity is less than or equal to 75 percent RH, placing the processed aluminum alloy bar serving as an anode in an atomizing furnace, filling protective gas argon, vacuumizing the atomizing furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the atomizing furnace is 5 multiplied by 10-3Pa；
3) Setting technological parameters to start the plasma rotating electrode powder making equipment, setting the initial rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar to 8000r/min, igniting a plasma gun to form a transfer arc, heating and melting the end face of the aluminum alloy bar, and increasing the rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar to 18000r/min within 10 s. The feeding speed of the aluminum alloy bar is 2.0mm/s, the current of the plasma gun is 1500A, and the distance between the plasma gun and the electrode bar is 70 mm. The plasma gun forms a transfer arc to heat and melt one end of the aluminum alloy bar, liquid drops after the aluminum alloy bar is melted in the atomizing chamber are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the liquid drops are cooled to form aluminum alloy powder under the action of surface tension.
4) After the powder preparation is finished, keeping the high pressure of 120KPa in the atomizing furnace for 4 hours, after the powder is cooled, sieving the powder by using a sieving ultrasonic vibration sieve machine, sieving the powder by using a 200-mesh sieve, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
The electron micrograph of the aluminum alloy powder prepared in comparative example 4 is shown in fig. 2. An electron micrograph of the aluminum alloy powder prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 3. In an aluminum alloy powder electron microscope image in FIG. 2, the powder has poor sphericity and more agglomeration phenomenon. The aluminum alloy powder shown in the electron microscope image of FIG. 3 has better powder sphericity and does not generate agglomeration.
The aluminum alloy powders obtained in comparative examples 1, 2, 3, and 4 and example 1 were subjected to the following powder particle size distribution and flowability tests.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the aluminum alloy powder is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
under the vacuum condition, taking an aluminum alloy bar as an anode electrode to carry out plasma rotating electrode powder preparation to obtain aluminum alloy powder;
during the process of preparing powder by using the plasma rotating electrode, the initial rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is set to 8000 r/min-10000 r/min, after a plasma gun is ignited to form a transfer arc, the end face of the aluminum alloy bar is heated and melted, and the rotating speed of the aluminum alloy bar is increased to 16000 r/min-18000 r/min within 10 s.
2. The method of producing an aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy rod is produced by a method comprising:
and preparing an ingot from an aluminum alloy raw material by adopting a centrifugal casting mode, then annealing, and grinding to obtain the aluminum alloy bar.
3. The method of producing an aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy rod includes the following components in mass percent:
Mg6.0％～8.0％；
Si1.0％～1.5％；
Sc0.3％～0.6％；
Zr0.1％～0.3％；
0.4 to 0.5 percent of Mn0; and
the balance of Al.
4. The method for producing an aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing plasma rotary electrode milling using an aluminum alloy rod as an anode comprises:
the feeding speed of the aluminum alloy bar is 1.6 mm/s-2.0 mm/s.
5. The method for producing an aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing plasma rotary electrode milling using an aluminum alloy rod as an anode comprises:
the current of the plasma gun is 1000-2000A.
6. The method for producing an aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing plasma rotary electrode milling using an aluminum alloy rod as an anode comprises:
the distance between the plasma gun and the aluminum alloy bar is 10-70 mm.
7. The method for producing an aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the step of performing plasma rotary electrode milling using an aluminum alloy rod as an anode comprises:
the temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the ambient humidity is less than or equal to 75% RH.
8. The method of producing an aluminum alloy powder according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
after the milling is finished, the pressure is maintained for 4 hours under the condition of 120 KPa.
9. The method of producing an aluminum alloy powder according to claim 8, further comprising the steps of:
and after the aluminum alloy powder is cooled, screening the aluminum alloy powder by using a screening ultrasonic vibration screening machine, screening by using a 200-mesh screen, and carrying out vacuum packaging.
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