CN114220905A - Thermoelectric power generation device based on radiation cooling and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Thermoelectric power generation device based on radiation cooling and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H10N10/00—Thermoelectric devices comprising a junction of dissimilar materials, i.e. devices exhibiting Seebeck or Peltier effects
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermoelectric power generation device based on radiation cooling and a preparation method thereof, wherein the device takes a sheet-shaped thermoelectric power generation element as a core, the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation element is attached below a film-shaped radiation cooling element, and the whole-day cooling is realized by utilizing a space cold source through radiation cooling; the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation element is attached to the plate-shaped temperature conduction element, the area of the temperature conduction element is large, the temperature conduction element can be arranged on any flat object outdoors, in the daytime or on a sunny day, the temperature conduction element is used for absorbing solar radiation, the surface near the temperature conduction element is heated while the thermoelectric power generation element is heated, the heat is reserved to night, the power generation effect at night can be enhanced, in the cloudy day or at night, the temperature conduction element can absorb waste heat near the temperature conduction element to heat the power generation piece, so that temperature difference can be formed on two sides of the thermoelectric power generation element in all weather/all seasons, and voltage is output to a load based on the Seebeck effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of thermoelectric power generation, in particular to a thermoelectric power generation device based on radiation cooling and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the most energy sources used for power generation are still non-renewable energy sources such as petroleum, coal, natural gas and the like, and when the raw materials are not completely combusted, environmental pollution and energy waste are caused. In recent years, although new energy sources such as solar energy, tidal energy and wind energy are developed well and put into practical application, they are limited by time and regions, for example, solar energy can only be used in the daytime, tidal energy can only be used in coastal regions, and if it is desired to realize all-day power supply and supply power to each region, the cost of the whole power generation system is increased by matching with a power storage device and a power grid.
The thermoelectric power generation technology is a solid-state energy conversion technology based on the Seebeck effect (Seebeck effect), and has the characteristics of simple structure, high reliability and the like. The Seebeck effect (Seebeck effect), also known as the first thermoelectric effect, refers to the thermoelectric phenomenon in which a difference in the temperature of two different electrical conductors or semiconductors causes a potential difference between two substances. The essence is that when two metals are in contact, a contact potential difference is generated, which is caused by the difference of electron overflow work of the two metals and the difference of electron concentration in the two metals.
Thermodynamically, any energy conversion process must have both a heat source and a cold source to produce useful work, such as electricity. Most renewable energy power generation methods, including photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal systems, rely on the sun as the heat source and the earth's surroundings as the cold source. However, at night, there is no such ubiquitous and readily available source of heat to drive the heat engine. On the other hand, there is indeed a ubiquitous heat sink, but it has so far been largely ignored: and (4) outer space.
The space cold source can be obtained all day and all places through radiation cooling. Radiative cooling is the phenomenon of passive cooling in which objects on earth radiate heat through atmospheric windows (i.e., some wavelength bands that can penetrate the atmosphere in celestial radiation) into outer space, thereby cooling the objects. The thermoelectric generator cooled by radiation can realize all-day off-grid power generation. Such as the generator based on radiative cooling designed by the ErzhenMu group, a voltage output of 0.5mV is achieved using a space cold source. The radiating cooling thermoelectric generator working at night, proposed by the Aaswath p.
However, most of the proposed radiation-cooled thermoelectric generators have problems of large size and low power generation efficiency, which limits practical applications of the generators. For this reason, how to design a thermoelectric generator with a compact structure and easy manufacturing becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a radiation cooling-based thermoelectric power generation device and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the technical problems of large volume and low power generation efficiency of a radiation cooling thermoelectric power generator in the prior art.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a thermoelectric power generation device based on radiation cooling, comprising:
-a radiation cooling element comprising a material or device having the ability to radiate atmospheric windows corresponding to infrared electromagnetic wave radiation;
-a thermoelectric generating element comprising a material having a thermoelectric effect;
-an insulating element comprising a thermally insulating material;
-a temperature-conducting element comprising a material with a high thermal conductivity and a high absorption of solar radiation energy;
-a conductor connected to the thermoelectric generation element for electrical energy output;
the cold end surface of the temperature difference power generation element is connected with the radiation cooling element, and the hot end surface of the temperature difference power generation element is connected with the temperature conduction element; the heat insulation element is sleeved on the periphery of the temperature difference power generation element; the temperature conduction element is arranged on the outer surface of any outdoor object.
Preferably, the material having the capacity of radiating the infrared electromagnetic wave corresponding to the atmospheric window comprises a polymer material or an inorganic material with a coating, and the device having the capacity of radiating the infrared electromagnetic wave corresponding to the atmospheric window comprises a radiant gas plate.
As a preferable embodiment, the polymer material includes at least one of polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethylpentene, polyphenylene ether, modified polymethyl ether resin, ethyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate.
As a preferred embodiment, the inorganic material having the coating layer includes at least one of silicon monoxide, silicon dioxide, silicon oxynitride, and silicon nitride.
Preferably, the gas in the radiant gas panel comprises ammonia, ethylene oxide or a mixture thereof.
Preferably, the radiation cooling element is in the form of a porous flexible film or a rigid plate.
Preferably, the thickness of the radiation cooling element is not less than 50 μm, and the pore diameter of the surface of the radiation cooling element is 0.02-8 μm.
As a preferred technical solution, the material having thermoelectric effect includes an inorganic semiconductor material, a polymer/inorganic semiconductor composite material, a polymer/carbon nanostructure composite material, a polymer/metal particle composite material, or other polymer composite materials.
As a preferred technical scheme, the inorganic semiconductor material comprises Bi2Te3、PbTe、ZnSb、SiGe、AgSbTe2、GeTe。
As a preferred technical scheme, the polymer/inorganic semiconductor composite material comprises PEDOT, PSS, Te and Bi2Te3、Cu2Se、SnSe、WS2、MoS2Or a hybrid material of SiC particles.
As a preferred technical solution, the polymer/carbon nanostructure composite material includes a polyaniline/graphene/carbon nanotube composite material.
As a preferred technical scheme, the polymer/metal particle composite material comprises a PEDOT/gold nanoparticle composite material and a PEDOT/PSS/PVA silver nanoparticle composite material.
As a preferable technical scheme, other polymer composite materials comprise polyaniline/polyvinyl enzyme composite materials, PEDOT PSS/polyurethane composite materials, PEDOT PSS/ionic solution composite materials and poly-sodium-nickel-ethylene tetrasulfide/polyurethane composite materials.
Preferably, the thermoelectric power generation element is in the form of a sheet or a plate.
Preferably, the heat insulating material comprises a fibrous material, glass wool, a foam board, a vacuum glass board or a material having a cavity filled with an inert gas.
As a preferred technical scheme, the material with high heat conductivity and high solar radiation energy absorption rate comprises at least one of copper sheets, iron plates, graphite, heat-conducting silicone grease and black heat-conducting glue.
Preferably, the area of the bottom surface of the temperature conduction element is larger than the area of the bottom surface of the radiation cooling element.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a thermoelectric power generation device based on radiant cooling, comprising:
providing a thermoelectric power generation element, wherein the thermoelectric power generation element is made of a material with a thermoelectric effect;
attaching a radiation cooling element to the cold end surface of the thermoelectric generation element, wherein the radiation cooling element is made of a material with radiation capability corresponding to an infrared electromagnetic wave of a radiation atmosphere window;
attaching a temperature conduction element to the hot end surface of the temperature difference power generation element, wherein the temperature conduction element is made of a material with high heat conductivity coefficient and high solar radiation energy absorption rate;
heat insulation elements are sleeved on the periphery of the temperature difference power generation element;
and connecting the thermoelectric generation element with a load by using a lead so as to obtain the thermoelectric generation function based on radiation cooling.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides a radiation cooling-based thermoelectric power generation device, which takes a sheet-shaped thermoelectric power generation element as a core, and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation device is attached below a film-shaped radiation cooling element, and the whole day cooling is realized by utilizing a space cold source through radiation cooling; the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation element is attached to the plate-shaped temperature conduction element, the area of the temperature conduction element is large, and the temperature conduction element can be arranged on any flat outdoor object, such as a roof or a vehicle roof; taking a roof as an example, in a sunny day, the temperature conduction element is utilized to absorb solar radiation to heat the temperature difference power generation element, meanwhile, the roof near the temperature conduction element is heated, the heat is retained to night to enhance the power generation effect at night, and in a cloudy day or at night, the temperature conduction element can absorb waste heat of the roof to heat the power generation sheet, so that temperature difference can be formed between two sides of the temperature difference power generation element in all weather/all seasons, and voltage is output to a load based on the Seebeck effect.
(2) The temperature difference power generation device carries out radiation heat exchange to the outer space through radiation cooling, so that the greenhouse effect is reduced, the lower temperature can be achieved, the larger temperature difference is formed on two sides of the temperature difference power generation element, the sufficient voltage is ensured to be output, and the dual functions of temperature reduction and power generation are realized.
(3) The thermoelectric power generation device has a simple structure and a small volume, has no sealed cavity, can be spliced in a matrix manner, can be randomly connected in series and parallel, and can be applied to any outdoor flat object without being constrained by the terrain, so that the thermoelectric power generation device can be applied to a large number of scenes for high-efficiency power supply, such as roofs, airplanes, ships, trains, balconies, fire hydrants, street lamps, billboards and the like.
(4) The invention provides a preparation method of the thermoelectric power generation device based on radiation cooling, which has the advantages of simple manufacturing process, low cost, no production waste in the whole process and environmental protection.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below to form a part of the present invention, and the exemplary embodiments and the description thereof illustrate the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermoelectric power generation device in a preferred embodiment disclosed in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a test chart of the power generation effect of the thermoelectric power generation device in the preferred embodiment disclosed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
the following reference signs are specifically included:
a radiation cooling element 10, a thermoelectric generation element 20, a temperature conduction element 30 and a heat insulation element 40.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it is noted that the term "or" is generally employed in its sense including "and/or" unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the embodiment of the application mainly provides a radiation cooling-based thermoelectric generation device, which comprises a radiation cooling element, a thermoelectric generation element, a heat insulation element, a temperature conduction element and a lead, wherein the radiation cooling element comprises a material or a device which has a radiation atmosphere window and corresponds to the radiation capacity of infrared electromagnetic waves; the thermoelectric generation element comprises a material having a thermoelectric effect; the insulating element comprises an insulating material; the temperature conduction element comprises a material with high heat conductivity coefficient and high solar radiation energy absorption rate; the lead is connected with the thermoelectric generation element and used for outputting electric energy; the cold end surface of the temperature difference power generation element is connected with the radiation cooling element, and the hot end surface of the temperature difference power generation element is connected with the temperature conduction element; the heat insulation element is sleeved on the periphery of the temperature difference power generation element; the temperature conduction element is arranged on the outer surface of any outdoor object.
Example 1
To the problem that the radiation cooling thermoelectric generator that most had proposed at present exists bulky, generating efficiency is low, this embodiment 1 provides a novel thermoelectric generation device based on radiation cooling, and it possesses advantages such as small, simple structure and generating efficiency are considerable.
Referring to fig. 1, in a preferred embodiment, a radiation cooling based thermoelectric power generation device is provided, the power generation device comprises a radiation cooling element 10, a thermoelectric power generation element 20 with thermoelectric effect, and a temperature conduction element 30, which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein a heat insulation element 40 is further sleeved around the thermoelectric power generation element 20, and the thermoelectric power generation element 20 outputs voltage through a lead.
Preferably, the radiation cooling element 10 disposed at the uppermost position of the thermoelectric power generation device is a porous film or plate, and may be flexible or rigid, and further, in order to increase the radiation cooling effect, a flexible white porous film is selected, and the thickness of the film is not less than 50 μm, and the pore diameter is 0.02-8 μm, so as to achieve the balance between the volume control and the radiation cooling effect.
Preferably, the radiation cooling element 10 can be prepared by selecting a material or a device having the capacity of radiating infrared electromagnetic wave radiation corresponding to an atmospheric window; wherein, the material with the infrared electromagnetic wave radiation capability corresponding to the radiation atmosphere window can be preferentially selected from polymer materials or inorganic materials with coatings, and the device with the infrared electromagnetic wave radiation capability corresponding to the radiation atmosphere window can be preferentially selected from radiation type gas plates.
Specifically, the radiant gas plate has many advantages such as large heat transfer area, small volume, good temperature resistance, and long service life, and thus can be directly used as the radiant cooling element 10. Preferably, the gas in the radiant gas panel may comprise ammonia, ethylene oxide or mixtures thereof.
Further, the inorganic material having the coating layer is preferably at least one of silicon monoxide, silicon dioxide, silicon oxynitride, and silicon nitride. The material has good spectrum selective reflection performance, and allows most of infrared radiation emitted by the film to be emitted to an atmospheric space with the absolute temperature approximate to zero through an atmospheric window (8-13 mu m, 16-25 mu m) after heat of an object on the earth surface is transferred to the film through contact; in the sunlight wave band (0.28-25 um), the reflectivity is higher than 85%, and the sunlight shielding effect is good. More importantly, the mechanical property of the thermoelectric power generation device is not much different from that of glass, and the thermoelectric power generation device has higher hardness and good friction resistance, so that the service life of the thermoelectric power generation device can be greatly prolonged.
Further, the polymer material may be powder, granules, liquid or gas, preferably at least one of polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethylpentene and polyphenylene ether, modified polymethyl ether resin, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, or a coating of a composite polymer material and a polymer binder based on various pigments, or a composite material in which an infrared transmitting polymer is mixed with nanoparticles. The film made of the material has high reflectivity to sunlight (0.28-2.5 microns) and high infrared emissivity in an atmospheric window waveband (8-13 microns, 16-25 microns), so that the film also has high radiation cooling capacity.
Further, the polymer material is formed on a substrate by at least one of spin coating, spray coating, blade coating, roll coating and etching, the substrate is preferably glass, metal, wood, plastic or a building, more preferably, a film prepared from the polymer is adhered on the substrate by using a film with good heat conductivity, and the heat conductivity requires that the temperature difference between two ends of the heat-conducting film is less than 1 ℃; specifically, the film made of the above polymer may be in an attached state or in a separate state.
In a more preferred embodiment, the radiant cooling element 10 is a radiant cooling film, made using a mixture of optimally 15% polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) by mass and 85% N, N-dimethylformamide.
Preferably, the thermoelectric generation element 20 is in a sheet or plate shape to control the entire volume of the thermoelectric generation device, and further, a material having a thermoelectric effect is preferably prepared. The thermoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which an electric current or electric charge is accumulated when electrons in a heated object move from a high temperature region to a low temperature region with a temperature gradient. The thermoelectric power generation element 20 made of the material has the advantages of small size, light weight, no mechanical rotating part, no noise in work, no liquid or gaseous medium, no environmental pollution, high response speed, long service life of devices and capability of realizing accurate temperature control.
Specifically, the material having the thermoelectric effect is preferably an inorganic semiconductor material, a polymer/inorganic semiconductor composite material, a polymer/carbon nanostructure composite material, a polymer/metal particle composite material, or other polymer composite material.
In a preferred embodiment, the inorganic semiconductor material comprises Bi2Te3、PbTe、ZnSb、SiGe、AgSbTe2、GeTe。
In another preferred embodiment, the polymer/inorganic semiconductor composite comprises PEDOT PSS together with Te and Bi2Te3、Cu2Se、SnSe、WS2、MoS2Or a hybrid material of SiC particles.
Preferably, the polymer/carbon nanostructure composite comprises a polyaniline/graphene/carbon nanotube composite.
Preferably, the polymer/metal particle composite material comprises a PEDOT/gold nanoparticle composite material and a PEDOT/PSS/PVA silver nanoparticle composite material.
Preferably, the other polymer composite materials comprise polyaniline/polyvinyl enzyme composite materials, PEDOT: PSS/polyurethane composite materials, PEDOT: PSS/ionic solution composite materials and poly-sodium-nickel-ethylene tetrasulfide/polyurethane composite materials.
In a more preferred embodiment, Bi is selected2Te3The thermoelectric power generation sheet is used as the thermoelectric power generation element 20, and the working temperature is about 200 ℃, and the thermoelectric power generation sheet is mainly Bi2Te3And Bi2Te3Solid solution alloy material based on Bi2Te3The base thermoelectric generation material has an optimal ZT figure of merit.
Further, the temperature-guiding element 30 is preferably a material with high thermal conductivity and high absorptivity to solar radiation, so as to ensure that the temperature-guiding element 30 can absorb sufficient solar radiation energy and heat during the daytime and can collect nearby heat during the night. Preferably, the temperature-conducting element 30 can be at least one selected from copper sheet, iron sheet, graphite, heat-conducting silicone grease and black heat-conducting glue, in a more preferred embodiment, the temperature-conducting element 30 is a copper sheet, which is tough, ductile and suitable in price, and has a high heat conductivity (400W/(m · K)) and a high solar radiation absorption coefficient, and more preferably, the bottom surface area of the copper sheet is larger than that of the radiation cooling element 10, so that the temperature-conducting element can not only receive the irradiation of sunlight in the daytime, but also absorb sufficient heat at night or in cloudy days, and the power generation efficiency can be improved.
Preferably, the heat insulation elements 40 are sleeved around the thermoelectric generation element 20 to ensure that the two sides of the thermoelectric generation element 20 can smoothly form a temperature difference, thereby improving the electric energy conversion efficiency; the insulating element 40 is preferably a fibrous material, glass wool, foam board, vacuum glass panel or a material with a cavity filled with an inert gas; in a more preferred embodiment, the heat insulation element 40 is a foam board, which has the advantages of light weight, heat insulation, heat preservation, low cost, easy construction, etc., and can further simplify the structure of the thermoelectric power generation device and control the manufacturing cost.
In a preferred embodiment, the radiation cooling film, Bi2Te3The thermoelectric generation piece and the copper piece are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and Bi is arranged2Te3Foam board is laid around thermoelectric generation pieceAnd the four components together form a composite device which can be freely combined in series and parallel, is separated by a heat insulation element 40 and is connected with Bi through a lead2Te3The thermoelectric generation piece and the load are used for outputting voltage. Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the power generation efficiency is higher as the temperature difference is larger.
Furthermore, the copper sheet can be arranged on the outer surface of any outdoor flat object, such as the tops of various vehicles or buildings and markers. For example, the energy-saving device is applied to the upper surface of an automobile, not only can the temperature in the automobile be effectively reduced, but also the emitted electric quantity can be used for supplying the components in the automobile; when the method is applied to an airplane, the blocking of the cloud layer to radiation is further reduced, and the power generation effect is more obvious; the heating and cooling roof is applied to a factory roof, the roof can efficiently heat a hot end, the power generation efficiency is improved, and the self-sufficient illumination, cooling and the like of a factory building can be achieved. In addition, the device can be applied to transportation vehicles such as ships, trains and the like; can be applied to buildings such as roofs, balconies and the like; can be applied to road surfaces such as street lamps, fire hydrants, billboards and the like. The solar energy-saving greenhouse can radiate a large amount of heat to the outer space, contributes to the suppression of the greenhouse effect, can be further applied to the aspects of refrigeration, illumination, driving and the like, reduces the use of fossil energy, and further contributes to the alleviation of the greenhouse effect.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method of manufacturing the thermoelectric generation device according to embodiment 1, including the following processes:
s1, providing a thermoelectric generation element 20, wherein the thermoelectric generation element 20 is made of a material with thermoelectric effect;
preferably, the thermoelectric generation element 20 is made using the material as mentioned in example 1, and more preferably, Bi is used2Te3The thermoelectric generation element 20 is a thermoelectric generation sheet.
S2, attaching a radiation cooling element 10 to the cold end face of the thermoelectric generation element 20, wherein the radiation cooling element 10 is made of a material having an atmospheric radiation window corresponding to the infrared electromagnetic wave radiation capability;
preferably, the radiation cooling element 10 is made of the material as described in example 1, and more preferably, in one embodiment, 15% by mass of PVDF-HFP and 85% by mass of N, N-dimethylformamide are mixed, stirred for 4 hours, spread on the surface of glass, controlled in thickness of 400 μm to 500 μm, formed in a water bath, and dried to obtain the radiation cooling film.
S3, attaching a temperature conduction element 30 to the hot end face of the thermoelectric generation element 20, wherein the temperature conduction element 30 is made of a material with a large heat conduction coefficient and a high solar radiation energy absorption rate;
preferably, the thermal conduction element 30 is a copper sheet, and the area of the copper sheet is required to be larger than the area of the radiation cooling film.
S4, sleeving heat insulation elements 40 around the thermoelectric generation element 20;
the insulating elements 40 are preferably foam boards.
And S5, connecting the thermoelectric generation element 20 with a load by using a lead wire to obtain the thermoelectric generation function based on radiation cooling.
Preferably, a plurality of assembled thermoelectric power generation devices can be connected in series and in parallel and separated by the heat insulation members 40 according to specific practical requirements, so as to obtain higher power generation capacity.
In a preferred embodiment, a method for preparing a thermoelectric power generation device with better power generation effect is provided:
firstly, PVDF-HFP with the mass ratio of 15% and N, N-dimethylformamide with the mass ratio of 85% are mixed, stirred for 4 hours, flatly paved on the surface of glass, the thickness is controlled to be 400-500 mu m, and the radiation cooling film is obtained after water bath forming and drying;
then, adhering heat-conducting glue under the copper sheet, and paving a layer of foam board with the thickness of 5mm on the copper sheet; cutting a square cavity of 5.5cm × 5.5cm in the middle of the foam board, and placing Bi2Te3The thermoelectric generation piece is placed in the cavity;
finally in Bi2Te3And the radiation cooling film is laid on the thermoelectric generation sheet and the foam board, and the wire is connected to complete the preparation of the thermoelectric generation device.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention provides a radiation cooling-based thermoelectric power generation device, which takes a sheet-shaped thermoelectric power generation element as a core, and the cold end of the thermoelectric power generation device is attached below a film-shaped radiation cooling element, and the whole day cooling is realized by utilizing a space cold source through radiation cooling; the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation element is attached to the plate-shaped temperature conduction element, the area of the temperature conduction element is large, and the temperature conduction element can be arranged on any flat outdoor object, such as a roof or a vehicle roof; taking a roof as an example, in a sunny day, the temperature conduction element is utilized to absorb solar radiation to heat the temperature difference power generation element, meanwhile, the roof near the temperature conduction element is heated, the heat is retained to night to enhance the power generation effect at night, and in a cloudy day or at night, the temperature conduction element can absorb waste heat of the roof to heat the power generation sheet, so that temperature difference can be formed between two sides of the temperature difference power generation element in all weather/all seasons, and voltage is output to a load based on the Seebeck effect.
(2) The temperature difference power generation device carries out radiation heat exchange to the outer space through radiation cooling, so that the greenhouse effect is reduced, the lower temperature can be achieved, the larger temperature difference is formed on two sides of the temperature difference power generation element, the sufficient voltage is ensured to be output, and the dual functions of temperature reduction and power generation are realized.
(3) The thermoelectric power generation device has a simple structure and a small volume, has no sealed cavity, can be spliced in a matrix manner, can be randomly connected in series and parallel, and can be applied to any outdoor flat object without being constrained by the terrain, so that the thermoelectric power generation device can be applied to a large number of scenes for high-efficiency power supply, such as roofs, airplanes, ships, trains, balconies, fire hydrants, street lamps, billboards and the like.
(4) The invention provides a preparation method of the thermoelectric power generation device based on radiation cooling, which has the advantages of simple manufacturing process, low cost, no production waste in the whole process and environmental protection.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (18)
1. A thermoelectric power generation device based on radiation cooling, comprising:
-a radiation cooling element comprising a material or device having the ability to radiate atmospheric windows corresponding to infrared electromagnetic wave radiation;
-a thermoelectric generating element comprising a material having a thermoelectric effect;
-an insulating element comprising a thermally insulating material;
-a temperature-conducting element comprising a material with a high thermal conductivity and a high absorption of solar radiation energy;
-a conductor connected to the thermoelectric generation element for electrical energy output;
the cold end surface of the thermoelectric generation element is connected with the radiation cooling element, and the hot end surface of the thermoelectric generation element is connected with the temperature conduction element; the heat insulation element is sleeved on the periphery of the temperature difference power generation element; the temperature conduction element is arranged on the outer surface of any outdoor object.
2. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the material having a capacity to radiate an atmospheric window corresponding to infrared electromagnetic wave radiation comprises a polymer material or an inorganic material having a coating layer, and the device having a capacity to radiate an atmospheric window corresponding to infrared electromagnetic wave radiation comprises a radiant gas plate.
3. The thermoelectric generation device according to claim 2, wherein the polymer material comprises at least one of polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethylpentene, and polyphenylene oxide, modified polymethyl ether resin, ethyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate.
4. The thermoelectric generation device according to claim 2, wherein the inorganic material having a coating layer comprises at least one of silicon monoxide, silicon dioxide, silicon oxynitride, and silicon nitride.
5. The thermoelectric generation device of claim 2, wherein the gas in the radiant gas panel comprises ammonia, ethylene oxide, or a mixture thereof.
6. The thermoelectric generation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the radiation cooling element is in the form of a porous flexible film or a rigid plate.
7. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 6, wherein the radiant cooling element has a thickness of not less than 50 μm and a pore diameter of 0.02 to 8 μm on a surface thereof.
8. The thermoelectric generation device according to claim 1, wherein the material having a thermoelectric effect comprises an inorganic semiconductor material, a polymer/inorganic semiconductor composite, a polymer/carbon nanostructure composite, a polymer/metal particle composite, or other polymer composite.
9. The thermoelectric generation device according to claim 8, wherein the inorganic semiconductor material comprises Bi2Te3、PbTe、ZnSb、SiGe、AgSbTe2、GeTe。
10. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 8, wherein the polymer/inorganic semiconductor composite material comprises PEDOT PSS and Te, Bi2Te3、Cu2Se、SnSe、WS2、MoS2Or a hybrid material of SiC particles.
11. The thermoelectric generation device of claim 8, wherein the polymer/carbon nanostructure composite comprises a polyaniline/graphene/carbon nanotube composite.
12. The thermoelectric generation device of claim 8, wherein the polymer/metal particle composite comprises PEDOT/gold nanoparticle composite and PEDOT PSS/PVA silver nanoparticle composite.
13. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 8, wherein the other polymer composite material comprises polyaniline/polyvinylase composite material, PEDOT: PSS/polyurethane composite material, PEDOT: PSS/ionic solution composite material, poly sodium nickel-ethylene tetrasulfide/polyurethane composite material.
14. The thermoelectric power generation device according to any one of claims 8 to 13, wherein the thermoelectric power generation element has a sheet-like or plate-like shape.
15. The thermoelectric generation device according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating material comprises a fiber material, a glass wool, a foam sheet, a vacuum glass sheet, or a material having a cavity filled with an inert gas.
16. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the material having a high thermal conductivity and a high solar radiation absorption rate includes at least one of a copper sheet, an iron sheet, graphite, thermal silicone grease, and black thermal adhesive.
17. The thermoelectric power generation device according to claim 1, wherein an area of a bottom surface of the temperature leading element is larger than an area of a bottom surface of the radiant cooling element.
18. A preparation method of a thermoelectric power generation device based on radiation cooling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing a thermoelectric power generation element, wherein the thermoelectric power generation element is made of a material with a thermoelectric effect;
attaching a radiation cooling element to the cold end surface of the thermoelectric generation element, wherein the radiation cooling element is made of a material with radiation capability corresponding to an infrared electromagnetic wave of a radiation atmosphere window;
attaching a temperature conduction element to the hot end surface of the thermoelectric generation element, wherein the temperature conduction element is made of a material with high heat conductivity coefficient and high solar radiation energy absorption rate;
heat insulation elements are sleeved on the periphery of the temperature difference power generation element;
and connecting the thermoelectric generation element with a load by using a lead so as to obtain a thermoelectric generation function based on radiation cooling.
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