CN114217434B - High-resolution large-view-field imaging method - Google Patents
High-resolution large-view-field imaging method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0012—Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B17/00—Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
- G02B17/02—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
- G02B17/06—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
- G02B17/0626—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using three curved mirrors
- G02B17/0636—Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using three curved mirrors off-axis or unobscured systems in which all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
- G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
- G06T3/4038—Image mosaicing, e.g. composing plane images from plane sub-images
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformations in the plane of the image
- G06T3/40—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting
- G06T3/4053—Scaling of whole images or parts thereof, e.g. expanding or contracting based on super-resolution, i.e. the output image resolution being higher than the sensor resolution
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- G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-resolution large-view-field imaging method, which comprises the following steps: step one: designing a high-resolution large-view-field computing imaging optical system; step two: imaging the target scenery by using a high-resolution large-view-field computing imaging optical system to obtain a target scenery image; step three: and performing image restoration on the target scenery image by using an image restoration algorithm to obtain a high-resolution large-view-field image. The invention solves the problems of complex design, large volume, heavy weight and high cost of the existing high-resolution large-view-field imaging system, reduces the volume, the weight and the cost of hardware parts, and ensures that the designed high-resolution large-view-field imaging system is more suitable for a high-resolution large-view-field space optical imaging system with strict requirement on the weight volume.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-resolution large-view-field space optical imaging systems, and particularly relates to a high-resolution large-view-field imaging method.
Background
High resolution imaging systems generally have a large aperture, and the fringe field of view of large aperture imaging systems is difficult to obtain good image quality. In order to solve the problem that the high resolution and the large caliber are difficult to be combined with each other due to the traditional design method, the method is commonly adopted as follows: the multi-aperture imaging system, the whole machine or the scanning mirror is swept, and an off-axis reflection optical system with a free curved surface is adopted. These methods can be effective to achieve both high resolution and large field of view. However, the space optical imaging system has the limitations of weight and volume stability, etc., and the above methods can increase the difficulty of designing and adjusting the space optical camera, increase the weight and volume of the camera, reduce the stability of the camera during working, and increase the development and emission cost of the camera.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: the defects of the prior art are overcome, the high-resolution large-view-field imaging method is provided, the problems of complex design, large volume and weight and high cost of the existing high-resolution large-view-field imaging system are solved, the volume, the weight and the cost of a hardware part are reduced, and the designed high-resolution large-view-field imaging system is more suitable for a high-resolution large-view-field space optical imaging system with strict requirement on the weight and the volume.
The invention aims at realizing the following technical scheme: a method of high resolution large field of view imaging, the method comprising the steps of: step one: designing a high-resolution large-view-field computing imaging optical system; step two: imaging the target scenery by using a high-resolution large-view-field computing imaging optical system to obtain a target scenery image; step three: and performing image restoration on the target scenery image by using an image restoration algorithm to obtain a high-resolution large-view-field image.
In the above-mentioned high-resolution large-field imaging method, in the first step, the high-resolution large-field computing imaging optical system includes a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a triple mirror, a encodable surface and a detector image surface; the primary mirror is a reflecting mirror with a curvature radius of-11230 mm, the secondary mirror is a reflecting mirror with a curvature radius of-1908 mm, the distance between the primary mirror and the secondary mirror is 4815mm, the three mirrors are reflecting mirrors with a curvature radius of-2267 mm, the distance from the secondary mirror to the three mirrors (5) is 7064mm, the distance from the encodable surface to the three mirrors is 1324mm, and the distance from the encodable surface to the image surface of the detector is 1115mm.
In the high-resolution large-view-field imaging method, the encodable surface is a Zernike surface reflecting mirror.
In the above-mentioned high resolution large field imaging method, in the first step, the design method of the encodable surface includes the following steps: (11) Designing a coaxial reflection optical system, and adding the designed optical system exit pupil into a encodable surface; (12) assigning an initial value to the encodable face; (13) Dividing the image plane of the coaxial reflection optical system into a plurality of grid areas; (14) Imaging a preset target by the coaxial reflection optical system to obtain an intermediate image, and deconvoluting and restoring the intermediate image by taking a regional point spread function of each grid region as a deconvolution kernel to obtain a restored image; (15) And optimizing the encodable surface by taking the minimum difference between the restored image and the original image as an optimization target and taking the minimum difference of the point spread functions of the adjacent areas as an optimization regular constraint until the difference between the restored image and the original image is within a preset range.
In the high-resolution large-field imaging method, in step (12), each coefficient of the encodable surface is initialized to 0.
In the above-mentioned high resolution large field imaging method, in step (15), if the similarity between the restored image and the original image is more than 90%, the difference between the restored image and the original image is considered to be within the preset range.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) In the prior art, a multi-aperture imaging system is adopted, a whole machine or a scanning mirror is swept, and an off-axis reflection optical system with a free curved surface is adopted to realize high-resolution large-view-field imaging. The invention adopts the method of combining the optical system with the image restoration joint optimization to realize the design of the high-resolution large-view-field imaging system, and reduces the design requirement on the hardware of the optical system due to the adoption of the image restoration method, thereby reducing the weight volume of the hardware system and being more suitable for the high-resolution large-view-field space optical imaging system.
(2) The existing image restoration method for the high-resolution large-field imaging system is independent of the design process of the optical system. The invention adopts a mode of combining and optimizing the design of an optical system and the restoration of an image. The requirements on the image quality in the optical system part and the requirements on the performance of the restoration algorithm can be reduced, the matching degree of the image restoration algorithm and the optical system is improved, and the image quality is optimized through joint optimization.
(3) The existing high-resolution large-view-field image block restoration algorithm has an unsatisfactory effect on image splicing and ringing effects, the invention adopts a block design in the optical design stage, and circularly adopts block image restoration and similar constraint optimization of point spread functions of all areas in the target optimization process, so that the designed encodable surface shape has smooth transition, the processing is facilitated, and the ringing effects and splicing marks after the image restoration are reduced.
(4) The existing calculation optical imaging system needs to carry out joint design on the optical system and the algorithm, namely the calculation optical imaging system is different from the existing optical system, and the special design on the calculation optical system is needed. The invention can improve the resolution and the view field of imaging by adding the encodable surface shape into the optical system and optimizing only the encodable surface shape in the existing optical system, thereby saving the cost of reprocessing the optical system.
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Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high resolution large field-of-view computational imaging optical system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of dividing an image plane according to a field of view according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
The invention is based on the calculated imaging thought, adopts the optical design and combines the image restoration algorithm to jointly optimize the encodable surface shape in the optical system, and realizes the design of the optical system, wherein the image restoration algorithm adopts a restoration method of block deconvolution. When the method is applied, imaging is carried out through an optical system, and the imaged image is restored through an image restoration algorithm adopted in design, so that a high-resolution large-view-field image is obtained.
The embodiment provides a high-resolution large-field imaging method, which comprises the following steps:
step one: designing a high-resolution large-view-field computing imaging optical system;
step two: imaging the target scenery by using a high-resolution large-view-field computing imaging optical system to obtain a target scenery image;
step three: and performing image restoration on the target scenery image by using an image restoration algorithm to obtain a high-resolution large-view-field image.
In step one, as shown in fig. 1, the high resolution large field-of-view computational imaging optical system includes a primary mirror 2, a secondary mirror 1, a triple mirror 5, a encodable surface 3, and a detector image surface 4; wherein,
the primary mirror is a mirror with a radius of curvature of-11230 mm, the secondary mirror is a mirror with a radius of curvature of-1908 mm, the distance between the primary and secondary mirrors is 4815mm, the tertiary mirror is a mirror with a radius of curvature of-2267 mm, the secondary mirror-to-tertiary mirror distance is 7064mm, and the encodable surface is a zernike surface mirror, wherein the coefficients are as shown in table 1 below, the encodable surface-to-tertiary mirror distance is 1324mm, and the encodable surface-to-image surface distance is 1115mm.
TABLE 1 Zernike coefficients for Zernike plane mirrors
| Zernike1 | Zernike2 | Zernike3 | Zernike4 | Zernike5 | Zernike6 |
| 0 | 9.3697e-3 | 0.9489 | 2.5783e-4 | -1.587e-4 | -1.140e-4 |
| Zernike7 | Zernike8 | Zernike9 | Zernike10 | Zernike11 | Zernike12 |
| 1.472e-4 | 4.3116e-7 | -9.202e-5 | 1.7003e-4 | -9.210e-5 | -5.513e-5 |
| Zernike13 | Zernike14 | Zernike15 | Zernike16 | Zernike17 | Zernike18 |
| -1.169e-4 | 3.8637e-5 | 9.1242e-5 | -1.361e-5 | -2.851e-4 | -1.705e-4 |
| Zernike19 | Zernike20 | Zernike21 | Zernike22 | Zernike23 | Zernike24 |
| 4.6647e-5 | -8.401e-6 | -3.282e-5 | -4.275e-5 | -1.114e-5 | 5.8094e-6 |
| Zernike25 | Zernike26 | Zernike27 | Zernike28 | Zernike29 | Zernike30 |
| -4.382e-6 | 2.647e-5 | 7.0277e-5 | -1.332e-5 | -3.733e-5 | 8.7547e-6 |
In the first step, the design method of the encodable surface comprises the following steps:
(11) Designing a coaxial reflection optical system, and adding the designed optical system exit pupil into a encodable surface;
(12) Assigning an initial value to the encodable surface;
(13) Dividing the image plane of the coaxial reflection optical system into a plurality of grid areas;
(14) Imaging a preset target by the coaxial reflection optical system to obtain an intermediate image, and deconvoluting and restoring the intermediate image by taking a regional point spread function of each grid region as a deconvolution kernel to obtain a restored image;
(15) And optimizing the encodable surface by taking the minimum difference between the restored image and the original image as an optimization target and taking the minimum difference of the point spread functions of the adjacent areas as an optimization regular constraint until the difference between the restored image and the original image is within a preset range.
This embodiment increases the field of view of the optical system of 0.3 ° x 0.3 ° to 0.6 ° x 0.6 ° by the present invention. The specific design implementation steps are as follows:
the first step: first, a coaxial reflection optical system is initially designed, the field angle of the optical system is 0.3 degrees x 0.3 degrees, and the initially designed optical system is shown in fig. 1. Changing the surface shape of a reflecting mirror at the exit pupil of an optical system which is initially designed into a Zernike surface as a encodable surface shape in the optical system; it is to be understood that the on-axis reflective optical system removes the encodable surface for the high resolution large field of view computational imaging optical system.
And a second step of: giving an initial value to each coefficient of the Zernike surface shape, wherein the initial value of each coefficient is given as 0 in the example;
and a third step of: expanding the view field of the optical system to 0.6 degrees multiplied by 0.6 degrees, dividing the image plane according to grids, wherein the grid interval of the center is large, the grid interval of the edge is small, in the example, the view field width of the center area is 0.1 degrees multiplied by 0.1 degrees and gradually decreases by 0.05 degrees from the center to the view field areas on two sides by taking the view field of 0 degrees as the center, and the view field division schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2;
fourth step: selecting a clear image, imaging by an optical system, and performing regional deconvolution restoration on the image formed by the optical system according to a field-of-view dividing method in the third step, wherein the deconvolution kernel at the moment is a point spread function of each region corresponding to the Zernike surface under the current coefficient;
fifth step: optimizing the Zernike coefficient of the Zernike surface shape by taking the minimum difference of the image structure similarity between the restored image and the original image as an optimization target;
sixth step: optimizing the Zernike coefficient of the Zernike surface shape by taking the minimum similarity of the adjacent area point spread function structures as optimization regular constraint;
seventh step: and repeating the fifth and sixth steps until the structural similarity between the restored image and the original image is within an acceptable range, in this example, when the structural similarity between the restored image and the original image reaches 90%, replacing another original image, repeating the optimizing step, replacing 10 original images, and testing by adopting 20 different images, wherein the structural similarity between the restored image and the original image can reach more than 90%. At this point the optimization is stopped.
The invention adopts the method of combining the optical system with the image restoration joint optimization to realize the design of the high-resolution large-view-field imaging system, and reduces the design requirement on the hardware of the optical system due to the adoption of the image restoration method, thereby reducing the weight volume of the hardware system and being more suitable for the high-resolution large-view-field space optical imaging system; the invention adopts a mode of combining and optimizing the design of an optical system and the restoration of an image. The requirements on image quality and the requirements on the performance of a restoration algorithm in an optical system part can be reduced, the matching degree of the image restoration algorithm and the optical system is improved, and the optimal image quality is achieved through joint optimization; the invention adopts a block design in the optical design stage, and circularly adopts block image restoration and similar constraint optimization of point spread functions of all areas in the target optimization process, so that the designed encodable surface shape has smooth transition, is beneficial to processing, and reduces ringing effect and splicing trace after image restoration; the invention can improve the resolution and the view field of imaging by adding the encodable surface shape into the optical system and optimizing only the encodable surface shape in the existing optical system, thereby saving the cost of reprocessing the optical system.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make any possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical matters disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the embodiments described above according to the technical matters of the present invention are within the scope of the technical matters of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method of high resolution large field of view imaging, the method comprising the steps of:
step one: designing a high-resolution large-view-field computing imaging optical system;
step two: imaging the target scenery by using a high-resolution large-view-field computing imaging optical system to obtain a target scenery image;
step three: performing image restoration on the target scenery image by using an image restoration algorithm to obtain a high-resolution large-view-field image;
in the first step, a high-resolution large-view-field computational imaging optical system comprises a main mirror (2), a secondary mirror (1), a three-mirror (5), a encodable surface (3) and a detector image surface (4); wherein,
the primary mirror (2) is a reflector with a curvature radius of-11230 mm, the secondary mirror (1) is a reflector with a curvature radius of-1908 mm, the distance between the primary mirror (2) and the secondary mirror (1) is 4815mm, the three mirrors (5) are reflectors with a curvature radius of-2267 mm, the distance from the secondary mirror (1) to the three mirrors (5) is 7064mm, the distance from the encodable surface (3) to the three mirrors (5) is 1324mm, and the distance from the encodable surface (3) to the detector image surface (4) is 1115mm;
the encodable surface (3) is a Zernike surface mirror.
2. The high resolution large field of view imaging method of claim 1, wherein: in step one, the design method of the encodable surface (3) comprises the following steps:
(11) Designing a coaxial reflection optical system, and adding the designed optical system exit pupil into a encodable surface;
(12) Assigning an initial value to the encodable surface (3);
(13) Dividing the image plane of the coaxial reflection optical system into a plurality of grid areas;
(14) Imaging a preset target by the coaxial reflection optical system to obtain an intermediate image, and deconvoluting and restoring the intermediate image by taking a regional point spread function of each grid region as a deconvolution kernel to obtain a restored image;
(15) And optimizing the encodable surface (3) by taking the minimum difference between the restored image and the original image as an optimization target and taking the minimum difference between the point spread functions of adjacent areas as an optimization regular constraint until the difference between the restored image and the original image is within a preset range.
3. The high resolution large field of view imaging method of claim 2, wherein: in step (12), each coefficient of the encodable surface (3) is initialized to 0.
4. The high resolution large field of view imaging method of claim 2, wherein: in step (15), if the similarity between the restored image and the original image is more than 90%, the difference between the restored image and the original image is considered to be within the preset range.
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