CN114216128B - Risk prevention and control method and system for dioxins in household garbage incineration plants - Google Patents
Risk prevention and control method and system for dioxins in household garbage incineration plants Download PDFInfo
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- CN114216128B CN114216128B CN202111477419.2A CN202111477419A CN114216128B CN 114216128 B CN114216128 B CN 114216128B CN 202111477419 A CN202111477419 A CN 202111477419A CN 114216128 B CN114216128 B CN 114216128B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/20—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for preventing and controlling the risks of dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant. The invention also provides a dioxin risk prevention and control system, which comprises a boiler oxygen content detection module, a boiler oxygen content risk judgment module and a boiler oxygen content control module.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of dioxin risk prevention and control methods, and particularly relates to a dioxin risk prevention and control method and system for a household garbage incineration plant.
Background
The waste incineration industry has high social sensitivity, and the emission condition of pollutants such as dioxins is concerned by the public. The method ensures that the pollutants continue to stably reach the standards, and is a necessary premise for reducing the environmental risk of garbage incineration enterprises and resolving adjacent contradiction and public worry. The social sensitivity of pollutants such as dioxins generated in the garbage incineration process is high, and the pollutants often become a main cause of adjacent conflict in the construction and operation processes of garbage incineration plants. The fluctuation of dioxin emission is large, and factors such as boiler oxygen content and boiler ash deposition can all influence the same, and the risk of large sporadic exceeding standard exists. The current dioxin monitoring method of the household garbage incineration plant is to manually sample and monitor at the tail end of a discharge port at regular intervals, and send the sample to a laboratory for analysis; other monitoring methods, such as long-term sampling, still need laboratory analysis, have long response time, and have essential differences in technology from the rapid response of automatic monitoring of conventional pollutants in flue gas; the method for indirectly monitoring the organic matters such as chlorobenzene and the like in microgram level is currently in an exploration stage.
The existing dioxin monitoring technology is difficult to realize real-time monitoring, the current monitoring mode is mainly developed at the tail end of a discharge port, front-end monitoring and prevention risks are lacked, meanwhile, the generation and removal characteristics of dioxins and the mastering of influencing factors are lacked, and the working conditions are difficult to be adjusted pertinently in the production operation process so as to prevent and control the exceeding of the dioxins in the flue gas.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides a risk prevention and control method and a system for dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant, which aim to monitor the oxygen content of a boiler through a front stage to obtain the toxicity equivalent concentration change trend of the dioxins, and prevent the excessive risk of dioxins emission by regulating and controlling the oxygen content of air quantity to be lower than a risk value when the oxygen content of the boiler exceeds the risk value, so as to solve the technical problem of the prior art that the excessive risk is caused sporadically.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a risk prevention and control method for dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant, comprising the steps of:
(1) Collecting oxygen content of a boiler and toxicity equivalent data of corresponding dioxin pollutants for a household garbage incineration plant to be monitored;
(2) Carrying out regression analysis on the quantitative relation between the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin, which is obtained in the step (1), to obtain a monotonic change relation curve of the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin;
(3) Dividing an oxygen content range into a plurality of sections according to a relation curve of the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin, which is obtained in the step (2), and calculating the toxicity equivalent concentration change rate of the dioxin, which corresponds to each oxygen content level, according to the concentration from low to high, wherein the oxygen content range is divided into a plurality of sections;
(4) Taking the lower limit of the oxygen content range of the oxygen content level, of which the corresponding toxicity equivalent concentration change rate exceeds a preset change rate threshold value, in the plurality of oxygen content levels obtained in the step (3) as a boiler oxygen content risk value;
(5) And (3) monitoring the oxygen content of the boiler of the household garbage incineration plant, and regulating and controlling the oxygen content of the boiler to be below the risk value of the oxygen content of the boiler obtained in the step (4) through the air quantity so as to control the toxicity equivalent of dioxin.
Preferably, the risk prevention and control method for dioxins in the household garbage incineration plant comprises the steps of (3) calculating the change rate of the toxicity equivalent concentration of the dioxins according to a formula,
wherein mu 1 Is the equivalent concentration of dioxin and mu corresponding to the lower limit of oxygen content of a certain oxygen content level on the curve of the change relation of the equivalent of dioxin and the toxicity 2 Is of a specific mu 1 Gao YiOxygen content of the grade the lower limit of the oxygen content of the grade corresponds to the equivalent concentration of dioxin-like toxicity on the curve of the equivalent change of dioxin-like toxicity.
Preferably, in the risk prevention and control method for dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant, the oxygen content of the boiler in the step (1) is the oxygen content of an inlet of an economizer.
Preferably, the regression analysis in the step (2) is a linear regression analysis.
Preferably, in the risk prevention and control method for dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant, the preset change rate threshold in the step (4) is 200%.
Preferably, the risk prevention and control method for dioxins in the household garbage incineration plant further comprises the step of regulating and controlling the ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler, and when the ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler is greater than a risk value, the injection quantity of the activated carbon is increased.
The ash accumulation level of the waste heat boiler is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein θ is the ash deposition level (%), d of the waste heat boiler 1 For the interval days of the last blowing-out ash removal of the current day, ds is a fixed ash removal period of the household garbage incineration plant, namely the interval days between the two blowing-out ash removal,
the risk value of the boiler dust deposit level is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein θ r Is the ash accumulation level risk value (%), theta of the waste heat boiler 1 Actual measurement value (%) and θ of ash deposition level for low ash deposition level group of waste heat boiler 2 Actual measurement value (%), lambda of dust deposition level for dust deposition high level group of waste heat boiler 1 And lambda (lambda) 2 Respectively the actual measurement conditions of the low ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler and the high ash deposition level of the waste heat boilerThe corresponding economizer samples the toxic equivalent concentration of dioxins.
Preferably, the low ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler is less than 20%; the ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler is more than 80 percent.
According to another aspect of the invention, the invention provides a system for preventing and controlling the risk of dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant, which comprises a boiler oxygen content detection module, a boiler oxygen content risk judgment module and a boiler oxygen content control module.
The boiler oxygen content detection module is used for monitoring the oxygen content of the boiler of the household garbage incineration plant and submitting the boiler oxygen content to the boiler oxygen content risk judgment module;
the boiler oxygen content risk judging module is used for judging whether the boiler oxygen content is higher than a boiler oxygen content risk value, and sending a control signal to the boiler oxygen content control module when judging that the boiler oxygen content is higher than the boiler oxygen content risk value;
the boiler oxygen content control module is used for adjusting the air quantity according to the control signal of the boiler oxygen content risk judging module to regulate and control the boiler oxygen content to be below the boiler oxygen content risk value.
The risk value of the oxygen content of the boiler in the dioxin risk prevention and control system is obtained according to the method for preventing and controlling the dioxin risk in the household garbage incineration plant.
In general, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is characterized in that the oxygen content levels are divided by establishing a linear relation between the oxygen content of the front-stage boiler and the toxic equivalent concentration of dioxin, and the corresponding toxic equivalent concentration change rate of the oxygen content of each level is calculated, and the oxygen content risk value is defined as the lower limit value of the oxygen content corresponding to the oxygen content according to the oxygen content equivalent concentration change rate exceeding 200%. In the production process, the oxygen content of the boiler is monitored, and the oxygen content of the boiler in the incineration process is regulated and controlled manually by combining the risk value of the oxygen content of the boiler obtained by the method, so that the oxygen content of the boiler is controlled within the risk value, and the excessive emission of dioxins is prevented, and the beneficial effect of reducing the risk of excessive occurrence of dioxins is achieved.
According to the dioxin risk prevention and control system provided by the invention, the risk is predicted by detecting the oxygen content of the boiler, and when the oxygen content of the boiler exceeds the risk value, the control is performed to control the oxygen content of the boiler to be within the risk value, so that excessive dioxin emission is prevented.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The existing dioxin monitoring method mainly comprises the step of sampling at the tail end of a discharge port, and the risk of sporadic exceeding standard exists. The invention adopts a front-stage monitoring mode to pre-judge the dioxin emission condition, so that the final dioxin emission risk can be pre-known in advance, and the production working condition can be regulated and controlled in advance according to the pre-judgment to prevent the fume emission from exceeding the standard. Therefore, risk prevention of the front-end sampling monitoring can reduce or even avoid exceeding the standard of dioxin-like emissions.
Each link of garbage incineration relates to the generation of dioxins, factors influencing the generation and emission of the dioxins are complex and changeable, the actually measured concentration, converted concentration and toxicity equivalent concentration of the dioxins are detected by sampling four sampling points at the inlet of an economizer, the outlet of the economizer, the front of a bag-type dust collector and the rear of the bag-type dust collector, the correlation between parameters such as oxygen content, ash accumulation level of a waste heat boiler and the like and the dioxins of samples collected by the sampling points is statistically analyzed through data software, a correlation model is built, and the fact that the oxygen content of the boiler is monotonically correlated with the toxicity equivalent concentration in a certain range and the contribution to the toxicity influence of the dioxins is large is found.
According to the method, a correlation model of the oxygen content of the boiler and the concentration of dioxins generated is established, correlation analysis of the oxygen content-toxicity equivalent concentration linear regression model is carried out, an early test result and related experience are combined, an oxygen content grade is divided through an oxygen content-toxicity equivalent concentration linear regression fitting curve, the toxicity equivalent concentration change rate corresponding to each grade of oxygen content is calculated, the lower limit oxygen content of the dioxins corresponding to the oxygen content grade, with the toxicity equivalent concentration change rate of the dioxins exceeding 200%, is used as a risk value of the oxygen content of the boiler, the oxygen content change of the boiler is monitored to predict the toxicity equivalent concentration change of the dioxins in the process of burning living garbage, and when the oxygen content risk value of the boiler is reached, the oxygen content of the boiler is controlled to be below the risk value through regulating and controlling the air quantity, so that excessive emission of the dioxins is prevented. The method simplifies the dioxin toxicity estimation mode, thereby being convenient to operate, saving the cost and meeting the household garbage incineration control requirement.
The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Collecting oxygen content of a boiler and toxicity equivalent data of corresponding dioxin pollutants for a household garbage incineration plant to be monitored;
the inlet of the coal economizer is preferably a sampling point, and the dioxin source generation concentration can be obtained through sampling and detection of the inlet of the coal economizer, so that the incineration production line is regulated and controlled according to the change of the source concentration, and the emission of the tail end is prevented and controlled to exceed the standard.
The toxicity equivalent concentration and oxygen content data of dioxins at the inlet of the economizer are collected according to the following method:
s1, laying sampling points: and arranging sampling points on the garbage incineration line, wherein the sampling points are sampling points of an inlet of the economizer and are marked as Q1 points.
The sampling point positions comprise a sampling platform and sampling holes, and the sampling platform is preferably: 1) The area of the sampling platform is not less than 1.5m 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 2) Preferably, the sampling hole is positioned on the vertical pipe section or the horizontal pipe section, the inner diameter of the sampling hole is not less than 80mm, and the length of the sampling hole is not more than 50mm.
S2, collecting a sample: the rules of the HJ77.2-2008 standard are followed. The Q1 point adopts a constant current sampling method, the sampling duration is 2 hours, different average oxygen contents of the boiler day are set every day in the continuous n days (n is more than or equal to 2), wherein the average oxygen content of the boiler day of the first dayThe daily oxygen content of the boiler is increased by 1-2 percent in the following daily, and at least 3 samples are collected daily. Will be before sampling 13 C 12 The marked dioxins are used as internal standard substances to be added into the XAD-2 adsorption resin of the gas phase adsorption unit, and meanwhile, the standard dry flue gas flow, the oxygen content, the sampling volume and the flue gas temperature parameters are measured and recorded on site. The constant-current sampling method is also suitable for even if the flow rate of the flue gas is low (lower than 5 m/s).
S3, detecting a sample: and analyzing the collected sample by adopting a high-resolution gas chromatograph/high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS) to obtain the measured concentration of the dioxin and the measured concentration of each of 17 dioxin monomers. The converted concentration and the toxicity equivalent concentration are calculated from the detection data, the converted concentration being calculated as in the following equation 1.
ρ -dioxin mass concentration, ng/m 3 ；
-converting the volume fraction of oxygen to 11%; />
The volume fraction of oxygen in the exhaust gas is taken if the volume fraction of oxygen in the exhaust gas exceeds 20>
The%; vsd-gas sample size (Standard State), m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Vsd-sample volume (standard state), m 3 Q-total mass of test compound in sample, ng. )
The toxicity equivalent concentration is obtained by adding the toxicity equivalent concentrations corresponding to 17 monomers contained in the dioxins.
(2) Carrying out regression analysis on the quantitative relation between the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin, which is obtained in the step (1), to obtain a change relation curve of the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin; regression analysis is preferably carried out on the quantitative relation between the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin by adopting a linear model, so as to obtain a linear change relation curve of the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin;
(3) Dividing an oxygen content range into a plurality of sections according to a relation curve of the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin, which is obtained in the step (2), and calculating the toxicity equivalent concentration change rate of the dioxin, which corresponds to each oxygen content level, according to the concentration from low to high, wherein the oxygen content range is divided into a plurality of sections; the preset step length is preferably 0.5 percentage points;
the change rate of the toxic equivalent concentration of the dioxin corresponding to the oxygen content level is calculated according to the following formula 2:
wherein mu 1 Is the equivalent concentration of dioxin and mu corresponding to the lower limit of oxygen content of a certain oxygen content level on the curve of the change relation of the equivalent of dioxin and the toxicity 2 Is of a specific mu 1 The lower limit of the oxygen content of the higher level of oxygen content corresponds to the equivalent concentration of dioxin toxicity on the curve of the equivalent change of dioxin toxicity.
(4) Taking the lower limit of the oxygen content range of the oxygen content level, of which the corresponding toxicity equivalent concentration change rate exceeds a preset change rate threshold value, in the plurality of oxygen content levels obtained in the step (3) as a boiler oxygen content risk value; the larger the change rate threshold value is, the higher the control difficulty is, the smaller the exceeding risk of dioxin emission is, and the change rate threshold value is preferably 200%.
(5) And (3) monitoring the oxygen content of the boiler of the household garbage incineration plant, and regulating and controlling the oxygen content of the boiler to be below the risk value of the oxygen content of the boiler obtained in the step (4) through the air quantity so as to control the toxicity equivalent of dioxin.
The risk prevention and control method for dioxins in the household garbage incineration plant preferably further comprises the step of regulating and controlling the ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler, and when the ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler is greater than a risk value, the injection quantity of the activated carbon is increased.
The ash deposition level theta of the waste heat boiler is calculated according to the following formula 3:
wherein θ is the ash deposition level (%), d of the waste heat boiler 1 For the interval days of the last blowing-out ash removal of the current day, ds is a fixed ash removal period of the household garbage incineration plant, namely the interval days between the two blowing-out ash removal.
Risk value theta of the boiler ash deposition level r Calculated as follows in equation 4:
wherein θ r Is the ash accumulation level risk value (%), theta of the waste heat boiler 1 Actual measurement value (%) and θ of ash deposition level for low ash deposition level group of waste heat boiler 2 Actual measurement value (%), lambda of dust deposition level for dust deposition high level group of waste heat boiler 1 And lambda (lambda) 2 The toxicity equivalent concentration of dioxins at the sampling points of the corresponding economizer under the actual measurement conditions of the low ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler and the high ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler are respectively obtained.
Preferably, the low ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler is less than 20 percent; the ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler is more than 80 percent.
The following are examples:
the daily treatment capacity of a certain garbage incineration line is 500 tons/day.
Example 1: control boiler oxygen content prevention and control dioxin emission exceeding standard
A sampling point Q1 point is arranged on the garbage incineration line, and the sampling point Q1 point is an economizer inlet sampling point;
comparative example 1:
a sampling point Q1 is arranged on a garbage incineration line, wherein the sampling point Q1 is a sampling point in front of a bag-type dust collector;
comparative example 2:
a sampling point Q1 is arranged on a garbage incineration line, wherein the sampling point Q1 is a sampling point after a bag-type dust remover;
in the embodiment and the comparative example, the sampling point is a sampling hole, the position of the sampling hole is positioned on the horizontal pipe section, the inner diameter of the sampling hole is not less than 80mm, and the length of the sampling hole pipe is not more than 50mm.
The dioxin-like prevention and control methods in the above examples and comparative examples all follow the following steps:
(1) Collecting oxygen content and dioxin toxicity equivalent data corresponding to sampling points
S1, collecting a sample: according to the standard rule of HJ77.2, a constant-current sampling method is adopted at a point Q1, different average daily oxygen contents of the boiler are set daily in n consecutive days (n is more than or equal to 2), wherein the average daily oxygen content of the boiler on the first day is the daily running level of the incinerator, the average daily oxygen content of the boiler is increased by 1 percentage point every day, at least 3 samples are collected at each sampling point every day, and the actually measured oxygen content concentration in the data recording and sampling process of a boiler DCS system is called;
the sample collection uses a dioxin sampling device, and the dioxin sampling device comprises a sampling tube, a filter cartridge, a gas phase adsorption unit, a condensing device, a flow metering and controlling device.
The sample collection sub-steps are as follows:
sub-step 1: and connecting a dioxin sampling device, checking the air tightness of the system, and sealing the sampling hole after the sampling pipe is inserted into the flue so as to lead the sampling nozzle to be aligned to the air flow direction.
Sub-step 2: starting a sampling pump to sample, wherein a Q1 point adopts constant current sampling, and the sampling pump is started to sample 13 C 12 The marked dioxins are used as internal standard substances and added into the XAD-2 adsorption resin of the gas-phase adsorption unit, and the recovery rate of the sampling internal standard substances is 70-130%. And meanwhile, measuring and recording standard dry flue gas flow, oxygen content, sampling volume and flue gas temperature parameters on site.
Sub-step 3: the sampling duration was 2 hours, and after the sampling was completed, the sampling tube was withdrawn and the sampling pump was stopped. The filter cartridge is stored in a special container; flushing the sampling tube and the connecting tube with water, and storing the flushing liquid and the condensed water in a brown reagent bottle; and (5) sealing the two ends of the gas-phase adsorption column and preserving in a dark place.
S2, detecting a sample: and (3) analyzing the sample acquired in the step (S1) by adopting a high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRGC/HRMS) to obtain the measured concentration of the dioxin and the measured concentration of each of 17 dioxin monomers. Calculating a converted concentration and a toxicity equivalent concentration according to the detection data, wherein the converted concentration is calculated according to a formula 1, and the toxicity equivalent concentration of dioxin is calculated according to the specification of the household garbage incineration pollution control Standard GB 18085-2014; the corresponding oxygen content of the sampling point is an actual oxygen content measured value recorded on site during sampling.
Equation 1:
ρ -dioxin mass concentration, ng/m 3 ；
-converting the volume fraction of oxygen to 11%; />
The volume fraction of oxygen in the exhaust gas is taken if the volume fraction of oxygen in the exhaust gas exceeds 20>
The%; vsd-gas sample size (Standard State), m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Vsd-sample volume (standard state), m 3 Q-total mass of test compound in sample, ng. )
(2) Regression analysis is carried out on the oxygen content and dioxin toxicity equivalent data obtained in the step (1) by adopting a linear model to carry out regression analysis on the quantitative relation between the oxygen content and the dioxin toxicity equivalent, so as to obtain a change relation curve of the oxygen content and the dioxin toxicity equivalent, and the result is as follows:
example 1: obtaining a relation between the oxygen content at the inlet of the economizer and the toxicity equivalent concentration change of dioxin;
comparative example 1: the relation between the oxygen content before the bag-type dust collector and the toxicity equivalent concentration of dioxin is not obtained;
comparative example 2: the change relation between the oxygen content after the bag-type dust collector and the toxicity equivalent concentration of dioxin is not obtained;
(3) According to the relation curve of the oxygen content corresponding to the sampling point and the dioxin toxicity equivalent change obtained in the step (2), taking 0.5 percentage points as gradient levels, dividing the gradient levels into a plurality of oxygen content levels according to the correspondence of the concentration from low to high, calculating the corresponding dioxin toxicity equivalent concentration change rate of each oxygen content level, and calculating the dioxin toxicity equivalent concentration change rate according to the following formula 2:
wherein mu 1 Is the equivalent concentration of dioxin and mu corresponding to the lower limit of oxygen content of a certain oxygen content level on the curve of the change relation of the equivalent of dioxin and the toxicity 2 Is of a specific mu 1 The lower limit of the oxygen content of the higher level of oxygen content corresponds to the equivalent concentration of dioxin toxicity on the curve of the equivalent change of dioxin toxicity.
(4) Taking the lower limit of the oxygen content range of the oxygen content level, of which the corresponding toxicity equivalent concentration change rate exceeds 200%, in the plurality of oxygen content levels obtained in the step (3) as a boiler oxygen content risk value.
(5) Monitoring the oxygen content of a boiler in a household garbage incineration plant, and regulating the oxygen content of the boiler under the risk value of the oxygen content of the boiler obtained in the step (4) by regulating and controlling the air quantity and the like so as to control the toxicity equivalent of dioxins.
According to the method for preventing and controlling dioxins in the household garbage incineration plant, disclosed by the embodiment and the comparative example, a linear regression model of oxygen content-toxicity equivalent concentration is established by sampling and monitoring at the front-end economizer part, the toxicity equivalent concentration change rate is calculated and obtained, and the lower limit of the oxygen content range of the oxygen content level corresponding to the oxygen content level with the toxicity equivalent concentration change rate exceeding 200% is used as the risk value of the oxygen content. In production, the oxygen content change is monitored to pre-judge the dioxin emission condition, and when the oxygen content risk value is reached, staff is guided to regulate and control the oxygen content through the air quantity, so that the oxygen content is within the risk value, and the emission exceeding standard caused by long-term higher than the risk value is avoided. Therefore, the prevention and control method provided by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and capable of reducing accidental overstepping.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The risk prevention and control method for dioxins in the household garbage incineration plant is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Collecting oxygen content of a boiler and toxicity equivalent data of corresponding dioxin pollutants for a household garbage incineration plant to be monitored;
(2) Carrying out regression analysis on the quantitative relation between the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin, which is obtained in the step (1), to obtain a monotonic change relation curve of the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin;
(3) Dividing an oxygen content range into a plurality of sections according to a relation curve of the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin, which is obtained in the step (2), and calculating the toxicity equivalent concentration change rate of the dioxin, which corresponds to each oxygen content level, according to the concentration from low to high, wherein the oxygen content range is divided into a plurality of sections;
(4) Taking the lower limit of the oxygen content range of the oxygen content level, of which the corresponding toxicity equivalent concentration change rate exceeds a preset change rate threshold value, in the plurality of oxygen content levels obtained in the step (3) as a boiler oxygen content risk value;
(5) And (3) monitoring the oxygen content of the boiler of the household garbage incineration plant, and regulating and controlling the oxygen content of the boiler to be below the risk value of the oxygen content of the boiler obtained in the step (4) through the air quantity so as to control the toxicity equivalent of dioxin.
2. The method for risk prevention and control of dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant according to claim 1, wherein the dioxin toxicity equivalent concentration change rate in the step (3) is calculated according to a formula;
wherein mu 1 Is the equivalent concentration of dioxin and mu corresponding to the lower limit of oxygen content of a certain oxygen content level on the curve of the change relation of the equivalent of dioxin and the toxicity 2 Is of a specific mu 1 The lower limit of the oxygen content of the higher level of oxygen content corresponds to the equivalent concentration of dioxin toxicity on the curve of the equivalent change of dioxin toxicity.
3. The method for risk prevention and control of dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen content of the boiler in the step (1) is the oxygen content of an inlet of an economizer, and the regression analysis in the step (2) is a linear regression analysis.
4. The method for risk prevention and control of dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant according to claim 3, wherein the preset change rate threshold in the step (4) is 200%.
5. The method for risk prevention and control of dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising regulating and controlling the ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler, and increasing the injection amount of activated carbon when the ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler is greater than a risk value.
6. The method for risk prevention and control of dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant according to claim 5, wherein the ash accumulation level of the waste heat boiler is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein θ is the ash deposition level (%), d of the waste heat boiler 1 For the interval days of the last shutdown ash removal of the current day, ds is a fixed ash removal period of the household garbage incineration plant.
7. The method for risk prevention and control of dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant according to claim 5, wherein the risk value of the ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein θ r Is the ash accumulation level risk value of the waste heat boiler, theta 1 Actual measurement value of ash accumulation level, theta, of ash accumulation low-level group of waste heat boiler 2 Actual measurement value lambda of deposition level of high-level group of deposition of waste heat boiler 1 And lambda (lambda) 2 The method is characterized in that the toxicity equivalent concentration of dioxins at the corresponding sampling points of the economizer under the actual measurement conditions of the low ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler and the high ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler are respectively, the low ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler is less than 20%, and the high ash deposition level of the waste heat boiler is more than 80%.
8. The system is characterized by comprising a boiler oxygen content detection module, a boiler oxygen content risk judgment module and a boiler oxygen content control module;
the boiler oxygen content detection module is used for monitoring the oxygen content of the inlet of the economizer of the household garbage incineration plant and submitting the oxygen content of the inlet of the economizer to the boiler oxygen content risk judgment module;
the boiler oxygen content risk judging module is used for judging whether the oxygen content of the inlet of the economizer is higher than a boiler oxygen content risk value, and sending a control signal to the boiler oxygen content control module when judging that the oxygen content of the inlet of the economizer is higher than the boiler oxygen content risk value;
the boiler oxygen content control module is used for adjusting the fan content according to the control signal of the boiler oxygen content risk judging module to regulate and control the oxygen content of the inlet of the economizer to be below the boiler oxygen content risk value.
9. The risk prevention and control system for dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant according to claim 8, wherein the risk value of the oxygen content of the boiler is obtained according to the following method:
(1) Collecting oxygen content of a boiler and toxicity equivalent data of corresponding dioxin pollutants for a household garbage incineration plant to be monitored;
(2) Carrying out regression analysis on the quantitative relation between the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin, which is obtained in the step (1), to obtain a monotonic change relation curve of the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin;
(3) Dividing an oxygen content range into a plurality of sections according to a relation curve of the oxygen content of the boiler and the toxicity equivalent of the dioxin, which is obtained in the step (2), and calculating the toxicity equivalent concentration change rate of the dioxin for each oxygen content level pair according to the corresponding concentration from low to high to a plurality of oxygen content levels;
(4) And (3) taking the lower limit of the oxygen content range of the oxygen content level, of which the corresponding toxicity equivalent concentration change rate exceeds the preset change rate threshold, in the plurality of oxygen content levels obtained in the step (3) as a boiler oxygen content risk value.
10. The risk prevention and control system for dioxins in a household garbage incineration plant according to claim 9, wherein the change rate of the toxicity equivalent concentration of dioxins in the step (3) is calculated according to a formula;
wherein mu 1 Is the equivalent concentration of dioxin and mu corresponding to the lower limit of oxygen content of a certain oxygen content level on the curve of the change relation of the equivalent of dioxin and the toxicity 2 Is of a specific mu 1 The lower limit of the oxygen content of the higher level of oxygen content corresponds to the equivalent concentration of dioxin toxicity on the curve of the equivalent change of dioxin toxicity.
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