CN114215275A - Prestressed concrete structure - Google Patents
Prestressed concrete structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114215275A CN114215275A CN202111611822.XA CN202111611822A CN114215275A CN 114215275 A CN114215275 A CN 114215275A CN 202111611822 A CN202111611822 A CN 202111611822A CN 114215275 A CN114215275 A CN 114215275A
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- Prior art keywords
- wedge
- anchor ring
- prestressed
- clamping piece
- shaped clamping
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
- E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
- E04B1/3205—Structures with a longitudinal horizontal axis, e.g. cylindrical or prismatic structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
- E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
- E04C5/122—Anchoring devices the tensile members are anchored by wedge-action
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
- E04B2001/3258—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised entirely of a single self-supporting panel
- E04B2001/3264—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised entirely of a single self-supporting panel hardened in situ
Abstract
The invention discloses a prestressed concrete structure. In a large-span building, the larger the span of a concrete structure is, the larger the self-weight is, and the larger the deformation is. The invention comprises prestressed tendons arranged in a concrete cylindrical shell, wherein the prestressed tendons are arranged in a cross manner; the application end of the prestressed tendon comprises a fixing ring, a wedge-shaped clamping piece, an anchor ring, an adjusting nut and an application end pressure bearing base plate, and the anchoring end comprises a fixed end pressure bearing base plate, a fixing ring, a wedge-shaped clamping piece and an anchor ring; the adjusting nut is screwed in to enable the adjusting nut to move relative to the wedge-shaped clamping piece, the anchor ring and the prestressed tendon, so that the wedge-shaped clamping piece is clamped, and the prestressed tendon is applied. The invention has simple principle, fewer internal elements and convenient operation, and can effectively improve the existing defects of the common clip type anchorage device, so that the prestressed tendon and the surface of the cylindrical shell of the concrete form a good anchoring effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of constructional engineering, and particularly relates to a prestressed concrete structure.
Background
In a large-span building, the larger the span of a concrete structure is, the larger the self-weight is, and the larger the deformation is. In order to meet the requirements of deformation and crack control of a large-span concrete structure, a high-strength material is fully utilized, and before the structural member is subjected to a load, the tensile stress of the concrete caused by the load can be reduced or offset by applying prestress, so that the tensile stress of the section of the structural member is small, and even is in a compressed state. The prestressed concrete can improve the crack resistance and rigidity of the member, reduce the development of cracks and deformation of the member under the action of service load, effectively improve the service performance of the member and enhance the durability of the structure.
The prestressed reinforcement used in prestressed concrete structure or member in China mainly adopts prestressed steel wire, steel strand and prestressed twisted steel. The prestressed concrete adopts high-strength steel bars, the plasticity of the steel bars is poor, so the control stress cannot be too high, in order to reduce the loss of the prestressed force, the prestressed concrete sometimes needs to be subjected to over-tensioning, the stress of individual prestressed steel bars possibly exceeds the actual yield strength of the individual prestressed steel bars in the over-tensioning process, so that the prestressed steel bars generate larger plastic deformation or brittle fracture, and the prestressed force required to be applied is larger due to the special section characteristics and stress characteristics of the concrete cylindrical shell, so the steel bars cannot meet the use requirements.
The post-tensioning method is generally adopted for applying prestress in the concrete cylindrical shell, and the prestress is mainly transferred by an anchorage device at the end part of a prestressed tendon. At present, a common anchorage device widely applied in various fields is in a clamping piece type anchorage device, when a wedge-shaped clamping piece type anchorage device is used, after an anchoring device is initially installed, the engagement condition of a clamping piece and the surface of a smooth round prestressed rib is unstable, and dislocation sliding is easy to occur. In addition, the prestressing force application mode that has now mostly uses the punching jack to carry out the stretch-draw, at the in-process of stretch-draw, passes the punching jack with the prestressing tendons, and stretch-draw back that finishes needs to amputate unnecessary prestressing tendons, when exerting prestressing force to the more prestressing tendons of quantity, still need dismantle the jack device many times, cause serious waste to manpower, material resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a prestressed concrete structure which can effectively solve the technical problems that the larger the span is, the larger the self weight is, the larger the deformation is, and the crack control is difficult.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a prestressed concrete structure comprises prestressed tendons arranged in a concrete cylindrical shell;
the prestress applying end on the prestressed tendon comprises a fixing ring, a wedge-shaped clamping piece, an anchor ring, an adjusting nut and an applying end pressure bearing base plate; the bearing backing plate at the applying end is annular and is arranged in the concrete; the anchor ring and the bearing pad plate at the applying end are coaxially arranged, and the first end of the anchor ring is fixedly connected in the concrete; the second end of the anchor ring is provided with a wedge-shaped hole, the outer surface of the wedge-shaped clamping piece is in contact with the inner surface of the wedge-shaped hole of the anchor ring, and the end with the small outer diameter of the wedge-shaped clamping piece is arranged in the wedge-shaped hole of the anchor ring; a fixing ring is arranged at the contact position of the anchor ring and the wedge-shaped clamping piece; a stepped through hole is formed in the adjusting nut, and the first end of the adjusting nut is in contact with the bearing pad plate of the applying end and is connected with the outer surface of the anchor ring through threads;
the anchoring end on the prestressed tendon comprises a fixed end pressure bearing base plate, a fixing ring, a wedge-shaped clamping piece and an anchor ring; the fixed end bearing backing plate is in a circular ring shape and is arranged in the concrete; the anchor ring and the fixed end pressure bearing base plate are coaxially arranged, and the first end of the anchor ring is contacted with the fixed end pressure bearing base plate; the outer surface of the wedge-shaped clamping piece is contacted with the inner surface of the wedge-shaped hole of the anchor ring, and one end of the wedge-shaped clamping piece with a small outer diameter is arranged in the wedge-shaped hole of the anchor ring; the contact position of the anchor ring and the wedge-shaped clamping piece is provided with a fixing ring.
Optimally, the prestressed tendons are arranged in the concrete cylindrical shell in a cross arrangement mode;
optimally, the prestressed tendons are made of shape memory alloy;
optimally, the adjusting nut is in a hexagonal structure;
optimally, the stepped through hole in the adjusting nut is in fillet transition.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention has simple principle, fewer internal elements and convenient operation, can effectively improve the existing defects of the common clip type anchorage device, and leads the prestressed tendon and the surface of the cylindrical shell of the concrete to form good anchoring effect;
2) the invention can realize accurate positioning and anchoring, allows an implementer to complete prestress application work according to required control displacement, and can reduce material waste in the prestress application process;
3) the prestressed tendons are arranged in a cross mode, can be applied to a large-span building structure with high strength and light weight requirements, can effectively solve the technical problems that the larger the span is, the larger the self weight is, the larger the deformation is, and the crack is difficult to control in a concrete structure, and prevent the concrete from cracking too early;
4) the prestressed tendon of the invention adopts Shape Memory Alloy (SMA), which has excellent superelasticity and shape memory effect, and still has good ductility and energy consumption capability under large deformation, and even under the condition of high temperature, the prestressed tendon can still keep larger rigidity, which is superior to the fire resistance capability of steel. Under the earthquake action, the damage degree of the concrete cylindrical shell can be effectively reduced, the residual deformation of the shell is reduced, and the safety performance of the whole structure is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the prestressed application end of the anchoring device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement form of the concrete cylindrical shell prestressed tendons;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the fixed end of the anchor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of an adjusting nut structure in the anchoring device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pressure-bearing end plate of the anchoring device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the end treatment position of the tendon;
FIG. 7 is a drawing and pressing constitutive relation of the memory alloy rod;
in the figure, 1, a prestressed tendon; 2. a concrete cylindrical shell; 3. a diaphragm beam; 4. a fixed end bearing backing plate; 5. a fixing ring; 6. a wedge-shaped clamping piece; 7. an anchor ring; 8. adjusting the nut; 9. applying a pressure bearing backing plate; 10. and (3) concrete.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention comprises a prestressed tendon 1 arranged in a concrete cylindrical shell 2, wherein the prestressed tendon 1 is arranged in the concrete cylindrical shell 2 in a cross arrangement mode; the distance between the prestressed tendons 1 and the included angle between the prestressed tendons are determined according to the actual engineering requirements; different prestressed tendons 1 can be properly intersected to prevent the occurrence of prestressed vacancy and the uneven distribution of the prestress of the concrete cylindrical shell.
The prestressed tendon 1 is made of Shape Memory Alloy (Shape Memory Alloy, abbreviated as SMA), which is a new material applied to the field of civil engineering, has Shape Memory effect and superelasticity effect, has large yield strain (up to about 1.9%), still has strong energy consumption capability after undergoing large deformation as shown in FIG. 7, can automatically recover the original Shape, has good fatigue resistance, has corrosion resistance comparable to that of stainless steel, and can still maintain large rigidity even at high temperature. Therefore, when the structure is subjected to adverse factors such as earthquake, fire and the like, the safety of the structure can still be effectively ensured.
The prestress applying end on the prestressed tendon 1 comprises a fixing ring 5, a wedge-shaped clamping piece 6, an anchor ring 7, an adjusting nut 8 and an applying end pressure bearing backing plate 9, and the applying end pressure bearing backing plate 9 is anchored in concrete 10; the anchor ring 7 and the bearing backing plate 9 at the application end are coaxially arranged, and the first end of the anchor ring 7 is fixedly connected in the concrete 10; a second end of the anchor ring 7 is provided with a wedge-shaped hole, the outer surface of the wedge-shaped clamping piece 6 is contacted with the inner surface of the wedge-shaped hole of the anchor ring 7, and one end of the wedge-shaped clamping piece 6 with a small outer diameter is arranged in the wedge-shaped hole of the anchor ring 7; a fixing ring 5 is arranged at the contact position of the anchor ring 7 and the wedge-shaped clamping piece 6; a stepped through hole is formed in the adjusting nut 8, and the first end of the adjusting nut 8 is in contact with the application end pressure bearing backing plate 9 and is connected with the outer surface of the anchor ring 7 through threads;
the prestressed tendon 1 is arranged in the through holes of the wedge-shaped clamping piece 6, the anchor ring 7 and the adjusting nut 8 in a penetrating way; the adjusting nut 8 is screwed in to enable the adjusting nut to move relative to the wedge-shaped clamping piece 6, the anchor ring 7 and the prestressed tendon 1, so that prestress is applied to the prestressed tendon 1 while the wedge-shaped clamping piece 6 is clamped.
As shown in fig. 3, the anchoring end of the tendon 1 includes a fixed end bearing backing plate 4, a fixing ring 5, a wedge-shaped clip 6, and an anchor ring 7; the fixed end bearing backing plate 4 is in a circular ring shape and is arranged in the concrete 10; the anchor ring 7 and the fixed end pressure bearing backing plate 4 are coaxially arranged, and the first end of the anchor ring 7 is contacted with the fixed end pressure bearing backing plate 4; the outer surface of the wedge-shaped clamping piece 6 is contacted with the inner surface of the wedge-shaped hole of the anchor ring 7, and one end of the wedge-shaped clamping piece 6 with a small outer diameter is arranged in the wedge-shaped hole of the anchor ring 7; the contact position of the anchor ring 7 and the wedge-shaped clamping piece 6 is provided with a fixed ring 5.
As shown in fig. 5, the applying end bearing pad 9 and the fixing end bearing pad 4 are circular; the side length of the pressure-bearing end plate 4 is 1.5d2(d2Is the diameter of the anchor ring 7), the thickness is determined according to the numerical value of the prestress, and the diameter of the central circular hole is 1.2d1(d1The diameter of the tendon 1). The side length of the pressure-bearing end plate 9 is 1.5d3(d3For adjusting the diameter of the nut 8), the thickness is determined according to the magnitude of the prestress, and the diameter of the central circular hole is 1.2d2；
As shown in fig. 4, the adjusting nut 8 has a hexagonal shape, a stepped through hole is formed inside the adjusting nut, and a first end of the adjusting nut 8 is in contact with the pressure bearing pad 9 at the application end and is connected with the outer surface of the anchor ring 7 through threads; the adjusting nut 8 has a diameter d3 and an upper circular hole with a diameter of 1.2d1(d1The diameter of the tendon 1), the diameter of the circular hole at the lower side is the diameter d of the anchor ring 72The internal part of the screw is provided with threads (the distance and the depth of the threads are determined according to the numerical value of the prestressFixed), the joint of the two side walls and the top is rounded to avoid stress concentration, and the internal depth is not less than l1+l2，l1For the length of the wedge-shaped clamping piece 6 and the anchor ring 7 extending out of the pressure-bearing end plate 9 after the anchoring device is installed, l2Is the maximum value of the tensile length of the tendon 1,/2Calculated using the formula:
wherein F is the prestress to be applied, l is the length of the prestressed tendon, EsIs the modulus of elasticity of the tendon, AsThe cross-sectional area of the tendon.
The implementation method of the invention comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: manufacturing and processing of prestressed tendon
As shown in fig. 6, the contact position of the end of the tendon 1 and the wedge-shaped clip 6 is subjected to surface treatment such as sand blasting and scoring, the treatment range is 1.5 times larger than the contact length, then the tendon is bent to the designed designated radian, and high-temperature treatment of about 400 ℃ is carried out for 30 minutes.
Step two: pre-embedding work before concrete cylindrical shell cast-in-place construction:
the invention applies prestress to the prestressed tendon by adopting a post-tensioning method;
1) when the concrete cylindrical shell cast-in-place construction formwork is used, holes are formed in the positions, extending out, of the prestressed tendons 1 of the formworks on the two sides of the shell, PVC pipes with the diameter equivalent to that of the prestressed tendons are selected, the concrete occupies the volume as little as possible under the condition that the concrete is not in contact with the prestressed tendons, and the compressive strength of a concrete structure is guaranteed;
2) sleeving a PVC pipe on a prestressed tendon, then sleeving a fixed end pressure-bearing backing plate 4, an application end pressure-bearing backing plate 9, a wedge-shaped clamping piece 6 and an anchor ring 7 on the prestressed tendon 1, pre-embedding the fixed end pressure-bearing backing plate, the application end pressure-bearing backing plate and the wedge-shaped clamping piece together with the prestressed tendon 1 and the PVC pipe to a specified position in a concrete shell, separating the anchor ring 7 from the concrete by using the PVC pipe, and extending the anchor ring 7 out of a pressure-bearing end plate 9 as far as possible on the premise of ensuring the maximum tensile length of the prestressed tendon 1; only a pressure bearing base plate 4 is embedded at one side of the fixed end except the prestressed tendon 1;
step three: applying prestress:
after the strength of the concrete reaches the requirement (more than 70% of the designed strength), the deformation l2 required by the prestressed tendon 1 is calculated according to the formula (1) and used as the control deformation of the prestressed tendon tensioning, and the member itself is used as a pedestal to start to apply prestress.
1) Improved installation and commissioning of anchoring devices
Firstly, installing a wedge-shaped clamping piece type anchorage device on one side of a fixed end;
at the prestress application end, an adjusting nut 8 is screwed on an anchor ring 7, the adjusting nut 8 is screwed by hand, a red pen is used for marking the end part of the prestressed tendon 1 exposed outside to be used as a reference point for applying prestress, then a wrench is used for pretensioning, the prestressed tendon 1 is tensioned to the deformation amount of (0.1-0.2) l2, and whether the anchoring elements at the anchoring ends at two sides are loosened or not is checked. If the looseness appears, the process is carried out again.
2) Application of prestressing force
The invention completes the application of the prestress by screwing the adjusting nut 8 into the pipe wrench, and adopts a graded stretching method in the application process to reduce the loss of the prestress;
firstly, screwing in the steel pipe to 40 percent of controlled deformation at a constant speed as far as possible, namely 0.4l2, pausing for 2 minutes, and checking the anchoring condition of the anchorage devices of all parts; then screwing in at a constant speed to 80 percent of the controlled deformation, namely 0.8l2, pausing for 2 minutes, and checking the anchoring condition of the anchorage devices of all parts; finally screwing in at a constant speed to 110% of the controlled deformation, namely 1.1l2 (slightly applying some prestress to balance the prestress loss caused by the possible slippage between the wedge-shaped clamping piece 6 and the prestressed tendon 1); pausing for 2 minutes, and checking the anchoring condition of the anchorage devices at all parts. After the application process is finished and the application process is qualified through inspection, the redundant prestressed tendons 1 are cut off, and the exposed length of the prestressed tendons 1 is not smaller than 1.5 times of the diameter of the prestressed tendons 1 and is not smaller than 30 mm.
And after the final tensioning is finished, applying prestress to the next prestressed tendon 1 to be tensioned by repeating the steps until all the prestressed tendons 1 are tensioned.
Step four: appearance treatment
After the prestress is applied, the exposed length of the prestressed tendon 1 is not less than 1.5 times of the diameter of the prestressed tendon and not less than 30mm, and the anchoring device is partially sprayed with antirust paint; under the condition that engineering economic conditions allow, the anchoring ends on two sides are properly decorated, and the appearance attractiveness of the concrete cylindrical shell is ensured.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "secured" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integral to; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The invention is not limited to the examples, and any equivalent changes to the technical solution of the invention by a person skilled in the art after reading the description of the invention are covered by the claims of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A prestressed concrete structure characterized in that: comprises a prestressed tendon (1) arranged in a concrete cylindrical shell (2);
the prestress applying end on the prestressed tendon (1) comprises a fixing ring (5), a wedge-shaped clamping piece (6), an anchor ring (7), an adjusting nut (8) and an applying end bearing backing plate (9); the application end bearing backing plate (9) is annular and is arranged in the concrete (10); the anchor ring (7) and the application end bearing backing plate (9) are coaxially arranged, and the first end of the anchor ring (7) is fixedly connected in the concrete (10); a wedge-shaped hole is formed in the second end of the anchor ring (7), the outer surface of the wedge-shaped clamping piece (6) is in contact with the inner surface of the wedge-shaped hole of the anchor ring (7), and the end, with the small outer diameter, of the wedge-shaped clamping piece (6) is arranged in the wedge-shaped hole of the anchor ring (7); a fixed ring (5) is arranged at the contact position of the anchor ring (7) and the wedge-shaped clamping piece (6); a stepped through hole is formed in the adjusting nut (8), and the first end of the adjusting nut (8) is in contact with the pressure bearing backing plate (9) at the applying end and is connected with the outer surface of the anchor ring (7) through threads;
the anchoring end on the prestressed tendon (1) comprises a fixed end pressure bearing base plate (4), a fixing ring (5), a wedge-shaped clamping piece (6) and an anchor ring (7); the fixed end bearing backing plate (4) is annular and is arranged in the concrete (10); the anchor ring (7) and the fixed end pressure bearing backing plate (4) are coaxially arranged, and the first end of the anchor ring (7) is contacted with the fixed end pressure bearing backing plate (4); the outer surface of the wedge-shaped clamping piece (6) is contacted with the inner surface of the wedge-shaped hole of the anchor ring (7), and one end of the wedge-shaped clamping piece (6) with a small outer diameter is arranged in the wedge-shaped hole of the anchor ring (7); the contact position of the anchor ring (7) and the wedge-shaped clamping piece (6) is provided with a fixing ring (5).
2. A prestressed concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: the prestressed tendons (1) are arranged in the concrete cylindrical shell (2) in a cross arrangement mode.
3. A prestressed concrete structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: the prestressed tendon (1) is made of shape memory alloy.
4. A prestressed concrete structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: the adjusting nut (8) is in a hexagonal structure.
5. A prestressed concrete structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: the stepped through hole in the adjusting nut (8) adopts fillet transition.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111611822.XA CN114215275A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Prestressed concrete structure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111611822.XA CN114215275A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Prestressed concrete structure |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114215275A true CN114215275A (en) | 2022-03-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202111611822.XA Pending CN114215275A (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Prestressed concrete structure |
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| CN (1) | CN114215275A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115142574A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-10-04 | 安徽省高迪循环经济产业园股份有限公司 | Assembly plate group, building outer wall and assembled steel structure building |
| CN115288292A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-04 | 安徽省高迪循环经济产业园股份有限公司 | Assembled steel structure frame and integrated house |
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| CN104453099A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-25 | 沈阳建筑大学 | Fine adjustment anchor capable of compensating prestress loss and method |
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2021
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| CN2695524Y (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2005-04-27 | 铁道科学研究院 | Low nervy clamping piece type anchoring device |
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| CN103088967A (en) * | 2013-01-18 | 2013-05-08 | 杭州浙锚预应力有限公司 | Anchoring structure of steel stranded wire on epoxy coating |
| CN103556785A (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2014-02-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Retraction compensating type nut clamping piece anchor as well as anchor tensioning method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115142574A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-10-04 | 安徽省高迪循环经济产业园股份有限公司 | Assembly plate group, building outer wall and assembled steel structure building |
| CN115288292A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-04 | 安徽省高迪循环经济产业园股份有限公司 | Assembled steel structure frame and integrated house |
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