CN114212780B - Janus photovoltaic power generation material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Janus photovoltaic power generation material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a Janus photovoltaic power generation material, which adopts a three-step method of reduction-freeze-drying-tabletting, wherein a carbon material dispersion liquid is prepared firstly, part of the dispersion liquid is chemically reduced through dopamine, the other part of the carbon material dispersion liquid is not treated, then the carbon material dispersion liquid is respectively freeze-dried in a freeze-drying machine, and finally two carbon materials are stacked and tableted to obtain the Janus photovoltaic power generation material. The invention takes the carbon material (such as graphite oxide) with low cost as the raw material, thus reducing the preparation cost; a mild chemical reduction mode is adopted, so that a complex preparation method is avoided; the material prepared by the tabletting method has a functional group concentration gradient, and the problem that continuous power generation is difficult to realize is solved. The method has the advantages of low material and equipment cost, simple flow and the like, and can realize the mass preparation of the moisture-induced photovoltaic power generation material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy materials, in particular to a Janus hydroelectric generation material, a preparation method of the material and application of the material in a hydroelectric generation device.
Background
With the gradual exhaustion of the traditional fossil energy and the environmental pollution generated by the traditional fossil energy, the continuous development of new renewable energy conforms to the strategic thought of sustainable development and the construction of ecological civilization, and has important research value and significance for dealing with the energy crisis, the environmental crisis and the development crisis in the future. Meanwhile, in the face of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization targets, energy efficiency needs to be improved, and a novel power system mainly using new energy is constructed. The photovoltaic power generation material is a new energy material, can spontaneously convert low-grade environment heat energy into high-grade electric energy, has the advantages of simple power generation driving mode, no additional parts, no pollution and the like, and is a hot point of domestic and foreign research.
Among them, the photovoltaic power generation material based on moisture induction has gained wide attention, and its power generation principle is the conversion of chemical potential energy to electric potential energy when the humid air contacts with the nano material. Two main types of preparation strategies exist at present according to two requirements for realizing moisture power generation, namely, a functional group capable of generating free mobile ions on the surface of a material and the ion concentration difference inside the material. The first type is to prepare a uniform-composition photovoltaic power generation material, and the technology has the advantages of relatively simple preparation method and the following disadvantages: 1. because the internal components of the material are uniform, directional humidity diffusion is needed in the actual use process, the operation difficulty is high, and the use scene is limited; 2. under a continuous humidity environment, the concentration difference in the material will disappear quickly, and the material is difficult to use for a long time. The second strategy is to change the internal composition of the material so that the material naturally has a concentration gradient of functional groups, and this technique has the advantage of generating power continuously in an environment with uniform humidity, but has the following disadvantages: 1. the existing preparation method for constructing the concentration gradient is relatively complex, such as an electrochemical polarization technology, a plasma processing technology, a laser modification reduction technology and the like; 2. the used materials are expensive in cost, and are mostly inorganic materials such as graphene oxide and the like or polymer materials such as Nafion and the like. The above disadvantages limit the application of such materials.
Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop a material preparation strategy which is simple in preparation method and low in cost and can continuously perform moisture-induced photovoltaic power generation so as to improve the power generation performance and stability of the material, expand the application field and lay a foundation for further realizing practical application of the material.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a Janus photovoltaic power generation material and a preparation method thereof. According to the method, the carbon material is used as a raw material, and the A and B type Janus photovoltaic power generation material with different upper and lower components is directly prepared in a cold pressing mode by combining a mild chemical reduction method and a simple freeze-drying method.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a Janus photovoltaic power generation material, which is obtained by stacking an oxidizing porous carbon material and a chemically reduced oxidizing porous carbon material, namely a reducing porous carbon material, and tabletting.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the oxidizing porous carbon material to the reducing porous carbon material is (1-10) to (1-10).
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the Janus photovoltaic power generation material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of carbon Material Dispersion
Ultrasonically dispersing a carbon oxide material in water to obtain a carbon material dispersion liquid;
preferably, the carbon oxide material is graphite oxide powder or graphene oxide.
Preferably, the carbon oxide material has a mass concentration of 2 to 5mg/mL in the carbon material dispersion liquid.
(2) Chemically reduced carbon material dispersion liquid
Dividing the carbon material dispersion liquid into a part A and a part B, and adding dopamine hydrochloride and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane into the carbon material dispersion liquid of the part B under stirring to obtain a reduced carbon material dispersion liquid;
wherein, dopamine hydrochloride is used as a reducing agent, and the carbon oxide material can be chemically reduced in the self-polymerization process. The trihydroxymethyl aminomethane is used as a buffer solution, so that a reaction environment required by dopamine polymerization can be provided, and the self-polymerization of dopamine is ensured.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the part A to the part B is (1-10) to (1-10).
In one embodiment of the present invention, dopamine hydrochloride is slowly added to the carbon material dispersion liquid in part B while stirring, a tris aqueous solution is added dropwise to the dispersion liquid, and after stirring uniformly, the dispersion liquid is allowed to stand to obtain a reduced carbon material dispersion liquid.
Preferably, the mass concentration of dopamine hydrochloride in the dispersion liquid of the carbon material in part B is 0.5-1.5 mg/mL, and the mass concentration of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane in the dispersion liquid of the carbon material in part B is 5-10 mg/mL.
The dopamine reduction method is only one of the examples, and other chemical reduction methods such as ammonia reduction, VC reduction, gas reduction and the like are also within the protection scope of the present invention.
(3) Freeze-drying dispersions
Respectively freeze-drying the carbon material dispersion liquid of the part A and the reduced carbon material dispersion liquid prepared by the part B to obtain an oxidizing porous carbon material and a reducing porous carbon material;
preferably, the freeze-drying is carried out in a freeze-drying machine, the freeze-drying temperature is-50 ℃, and the freeze-drying time is 40-50 h. And freeze-drying the part A of carbon material dispersion liquid to obtain an oxidizing porous carbon material, and freeze-drying the reducing carbon material dispersion liquid to obtain a reducing porous carbon material.
(4) Janus photovoltaic power generation material prepared by cold pressing
And stacking the oxidizing porous carbon material and the reducing porous carbon material for tabletting to obtain the Janus photovoltaic power generation material.
Preferably, the tableting is carried out in a tableting machine, applying a pressure of 30 to 60MPa for a time of 10 to 30s.
The invention also relates to application of the Janus hydroelectric generation material in a hydroelectric generation device. The voltage stabilizer has stable output voltage and can be used in a small self-powered device.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a preparation method of a Janus photovoltaic power generation material, which adopts a three-step method of reduction-freeze-drying-tabletting, and comprises the steps of firstly preparing a carbon material dispersion liquid, carrying out chemical reduction on part of the dispersion liquid through dopamine, not processing the other part of the carbon material dispersion liquid, respectively carrying out freeze-drying in a freeze-drying machine, finally stacking two carbon materials and tabletting to obtain the Janus photovoltaic power generation material. The invention takes the carbon material (such as graphite oxide) with low cost as the raw material, thus reducing the preparation cost; a mild chemical reduction mode is adopted, so that a complex preparation method is avoided; the material prepared by the tabletting method has a functional group concentration gradient, and the problem that continuous power generation is difficult to realize is solved.
The method has the advantages of low material and equipment cost, simple flow and the like, and can realize the mass preparation of the moisture-induced photovoltaic power generation material. The finally obtained photovoltaic power generation material not only has very high output voltage (0.3V-0.5V), but also can stably output for a long time. More importantly, the power generation capacity can be further improved through simple electrode lead preparation and array integration, so that the driving of a low-power device is realized. Therefore, the invention further promotes the practical application in the field of the photovoltaic power generation material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of the Janus photovoltaic power generation material provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a digital photograph of the Janus photovoltaic material according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the moisture power generation performance of the Janus photovoltaic power generation material according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a long-term power supply test chart of the Janus photovoltaic power generation material according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a long expiration-inspiration monitoring of the Janus photovoltaic material of example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a graph illustrating power generation performance and self-power supply application of Janus photovoltaic power generation materials in series according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention relates to a preparation method of a Janus photovoltaic power generation material. The flow chart is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing a carbon material dispersion liquid; (2) Reducing part of the carbon material dispersion liquid in a chemical reduction mode; (3) Respectively freeze-drying the carbon oxide material and the reduced carbon material; (4) The Janus photovoltaic power generation material is prepared from the two through a cold pressing mode.
In the present invention, two types of porous carbon materials respectively play roles: the oxidizing porous carbon material provides a large amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, generates movable hydrogen ions and makes a main contribution to the moisture power generation performance; the reducing porous carbon material is mainly used for constructing concentration difference and realizing continuous moisture power generation. Therefore, a single oxidizing porous carbon material can achieve moisture power generation but cannot continue power generation, while a single reducing porous carbon material has too few oxygen-containing functional groups and does not have moisture power generation performance.
Example 1
A preparation method of a Janus photovoltaic power generation material is shown in figure 1, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing carbon material dispersion liquid
Slowly adding graphite oxide powder into deionized water, wherein the mass concentration of graphite oxide is 5mg/mL, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 1h to obtain a uniformly dispersed graphite oxide dispersion liquid.
(2) Chemically reduced graphite oxide dispersion
The graphite oxide dispersion liquid is divided into a part A and a part B, and the volume ratio of the two parts is 1. And slowly adding dopamine hydrochloride into the stirred B part graphite oxide dispersion liquid, and slowly dropwise adding 2mL of 1mol/L trihydroxymethyl aminomethane aqueous solution into the stirred B part dispersion liquid. After the dropwise addition, the mass concentration of dopamine hydrochloride in the graphite oxide dispersion liquid of part B was 1.5mg/mL, and the mass concentration of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane in the carbon material dispersion liquid of part B was 8mg/mL. And after continuously stirring uniformly, standing the dispersion liquid of the part B for 48 hours to obtain the reduced graphite oxide dispersion liquid.
(3) Freeze drying of carbon material solutions
And respectively putting the graphite oxide dispersion liquid of the part A and the reduced graphite oxide dispersion liquid prepared by the part B into a freeze dryer, and freeze-drying for 48 hours under the condition of 20Pa to obtain corresponding porous materials, namely porous graphite oxide and porous reduced graphite oxide.
(4) Janus photovoltaic power generation material prepared by cold pressing
And stacking the porous graphite oxide and the porous reduced graphite oxide together, putting the stacked porous graphite oxide and porous reduced graphite oxide into a tablet press, and applying the pressure of 30Mpa to obtain the Janus photovoltaic power generation carbon material prepared by the cold pressing method.
Fig. 2 a) is a digital photo of the photovoltaic power generation material prepared in the above example, wherein the reduced surface appears black, the oxidized surface has a lighter color, and the color difference between the reduced surface and the oxidized surface is obvious, which indicates that the material is a Janus material of "a and B" type. The photovoltaic power generation material prepared in example 1 was coated with upper and lower electrodes, respectively, to obtain a simple photovoltaic power generation device, and a digital photograph of the device is shown in fig. 2 b).
The following tests were carried out on the hydroelectric device prepared in example 1:
the power generation performance of the photovoltaic power generation device prepared in example 1 was tested by using a Keithley2400 digital source meter, and the output voltage value thereof was mainly read. The device is placed in a humidity control box, and the humidity of the whole environment is changed to obtain a moisture power generation performance curve shown in fig. 3, wherein t represents the time for continuous power generation, and V represents the output voltage of the device. As can be seen from fig. 3, the output voltage of the material increases with the increase of humidity, and when the humidity reaches 80%, the output voltage of the material reaches nearly 400mV. Fig. 4 shows the long-term power supply test of the material of the present example, which is also performed by using a Keithley2400 digital source table, and the meaning of the curve coordinates is the same as that of fig. 3. As can be seen from FIG. 4, the output voltage of the material is not significantly reduced during long-term continuous use, and the stability of the power generation performance is proved.
The Keithley2400 digital source table is adopted to test the power generation performance of the photovoltaic power generation device prepared in the embodiment 1, and the application prospect of the device in the fields of humidity monitoring and self power supply is explored. By performing a simple breath-inspiration action on the surface of the device, the power generation performance curve shown in fig. 5 is obtained, where t represents the time of continuous power generation and V represents the output voltage of the device. As can be seen from fig. 5, the material has the advantages that the output voltage rises when the material exhales, and the output voltage drops when the material inhales, so that the material has a sensitive monitoring function on the exhalation-inhalation behavior. By connecting 8 hydroelectric power generating devices in series, a power generation performance curve shown in fig. 6 can be obtained, wherein t represents the time for which power generation continues, and V represents the output voltage of the device. As can be seen from fig. 6, the output voltage of the device array after series connection is obviously increased, and reaches the level of 3V, and the device array can directly drive low-power-consumption devices such as LEDs, and has a good self-powered application prospect.
The reaction conditions in examples 2 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 8 were changed, and the specific settings are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
* The other parameters of each example or comparative example were the same as those of example 1 except for the parameters described in Table 1.
The device prepared above was tested for power generation performance using a Keithley2400 digital source meter, with a test humidity of 80% and the output voltage of the material shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Examples/comparative examples | Output voltage (mV) |
| Example 1 | 390 |
| Example 2 | 352 |
| Example 3 | 402 |
| Example 4 | 365 |
| Comparative example 1 | 305 |
| Comparative example 2 | 377 |
| Comparative example 3 | 351 |
| Comparative example 4 | 340 |
| Comparative example 5 | 227 |
| Comparative example 6 | 136 |
| Comparative example 7 | 210 (cannot generate power for a long time) |
| Comparative example 8 | 40 |
Comparing the experimental results of examples 1 to 4, it can be seen that the photovoltaic power generation material prepared from the graphene oxide powder or the graphene oxide has good moisture power generation performance, and the improvement of the carbon material concentration is beneficial to the improvement of the power generation performance of the device.
As can be seen from a comparison of the experimental results of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3, when the proportion of the oxidized porous carbon material increases, the material still has the moisture power generation performance, demonstrating that the oxidized porous carbon material dominates in the voltage output. However, when the ratio of the oxidizing porous carbon material to the reducing porous carbon material exceeds 5.
Comparing the experimental results of example 1 and comparative examples 4 to 6, it is understood that when the reducing porous carbon material content is increased, the moisture power generation performance of the material is significantly reduced, and it is proved that an excessive content of the reducing porous carbon material reduces the mobile hydrogen ions in the material, resulting in a decrease in output voltage.
Comparing the experimental results of example 1 and comparative example 7, it can be seen that when only the oxidizing porous carbon material component is present, the material still has a certain moisture power generation performance and the output voltage can reach 210mV, but because no reducing porous carbon material component is present, the concentration difference cannot be continuously maintained, and thus long-term power generation is not possible.
Comparing the experimental results of example 1 and comparative example 8, it can be seen that when only the reducing porous carbon material component is present, the material has substantially no moisture power generation performance and an output voltage of only 40mV, because the concentration difference cannot be formed due to too few oxygen-containing functional groups inside the material.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a Janus photovoltaic power generation material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing a carbon material dispersion liquid: ultrasonically dispersing a carbon oxide material in water to obtain a carbon material dispersion liquid;
(2) Chemically reducing a carbon material dispersion liquid: dividing the carbon material dispersion liquid into a part A and a part B, and adding dopamine hydrochloride and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane into the carbon material dispersion liquid of the part B under stirring to obtain a reduced carbon material dispersion liquid;
(3) Freeze-drying the dispersion: respectively lyophilizing the carbon material dispersion liquid of part A and the reduced carbon material dispersion liquid prepared by part B to obtain an oxidizing porous carbon material and a reducing porous carbon material;
(4) Preparing a Janus photovoltaic power generation material by cold pressing: stacking the oxidizing porous carbon material and the reducing porous carbon material for tabletting to obtain the Janus photovoltaic power generation material;
in the step (1), the mass concentration of the carbon oxide material in the carbon material dispersion liquid is 2 to 5mg/mL;
in the step (2), the volume ratio of the carbon material dispersion liquid of the part A to the carbon material dispersion liquid of the part B is (1-10) to (1-10);
and (3) performing freeze-drying in a freeze-drying machine at the temperature of minus 50 ℃ for 40 to 50h.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the carbon oxide material is graphite oxide powder or graphene oxide.
3. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mass concentration of dopamine hydrochloride in the carbon material dispersion liquid of the part B is 0.5 to 1.5mg/mL, and the mass concentration of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane in the carbon material dispersion liquid of the part B is 5 to 10mg/mL.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the tableting is carried out in a tableting machine under a pressure of 30 to 60MPa for 10 to 30s in step (4).
5. The Janus photovoltaic power generation material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The application of the Janus hydroelectric material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 4 in a hydroelectric device.
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