CN114205868B - Active-passive hybrid communication method, system and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Active-passive hybrid communication method, system and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/0231—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/10—Flow control between communication endpoints
- H04W28/12—Flow control between communication endpoints using signalling between network elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method, a system and electronic equipment for active and passive hybrid communication, belonging to the field of wireless communication, wherein the method comprises the following steps: receiving a broadcast signal of an environmental energy source, and calculating active energy collection power and passive energy collection power when the broadcast signal is received; comparing the active energy collection power with the minimum power of the triggering active transmission mode, and comparing the passive energy collection power with the minimum power of the triggering passive transmission mode; selecting a corresponding transmission mode to transmit a judgment signaling to a receiving end according to the comparison result, so that the receiving end compares the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the judgment signaling with a corresponding signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold value to generate a feedback signaling and transmit the feedback signaling; acquiring feedback signaling transmitted by a receiving end, and integrating decision signaling and feedback signaling to determine an optimal transmission mode under a current time slot; and transmitting the data symbol in the current time slot to a receiving end by utilizing the optimal transmission mode. The active communication mode or the passive communication mode can be flexibly selected according to environmental characteristics and device capabilities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to an active-passive hybrid communication method, an active-passive hybrid communication system and electronic equipment.
Background
The energy self-maintenance communication technology represented by environment backscattering and wireless energy supply communication is regarded as one of key technologies for supporting the wide deployment and connection of future 6G ultra-large-scale small wireless devices and realizing everything interconnection by collecting radio frequency signal energy in the environment to load and transmit self information, and is widely focused by academia and industry. The environment backscattering loads information to be transmitted by scattering the existing radio frequency signals in the environment, does not need to actively generate radio frequency signals, is a passive communication paradigm, does not need a special reader and a carrier transmitter, shares the same spectrum resources with the active radio frequency signals, and has the advantages of ultra-low power consumption (about microwatts), ultra-low cost and no extra spectrum occupation. The wireless energy supply communication firstly collects the environment radio frequency energy, then actively generates radio frequency signals to load information to be transmitted, and the wireless energy supply communication is an active communication paradigm, so that the feasibility of supplying energy to the active radio frequency communication by using the environment radio frequency energy is realized, and the wireless energy supply communication system has the advantages of high speed and high reliability.
In the prior art, a single passive communication technology adopting environment backscattering depends on an environment radio frequency signal, has poor autonomy of message transmission, and faces the problems of low transmission rate and poor reliability compared with an active communication technology. Specifically, when no radio frequency signal exists in the environment, the passive communication technology cannot load information to be transmitted through a scattering or non-scattering modulation technology, so that the information cannot be transmitted; and secondly, the energy of a wireless signal adopting passive communication is lower than that of a wireless signal adopting active communication in the environment, so that the wireless signal adopting passive communication is poor in transmission reliability and rate, and further application of the wireless signal adopting passive communication is limited. The single active communication technology adopting wireless energy supply faces the problems of overlong energy collection phase and low spectrum utilization rate. Specifically, the device communication needs to collect the energy of the environmental radio frequency signals first, when the deployed radio frequency sources in the environment are not dense, the device needs to be in an energy collection stage for a long time to obtain the energy capable of supporting the active radio frequency signals, so that the problem of low real-time efficiency of information transmission is caused; secondly, when large-scale internet of things equipment is widely deployed, the problem of low spectral efficiency also occurs. Specifically, if all communication modes of actively transmitting radio frequency signals are adopted, spectrum resources are required to be allocated, but the spectrum resources are limited, and the requirement of massive spectrum resources also promotes a transmission mode with high spectrum utilization rate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides an active and passive hybrid communication method, a system and electronic equipment, which aim to solve the problems that an energy self-maintenance wireless terminal cannot perform data transmission with real time and high reliability and the frequency spectrum utilization rate is low in a single communication mode due to environmental radio frequency signals and energy limitation.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an active-passive hybrid communication method for a transmitting terminal, including: s1, receiving a broadcast signal of an environmental energy source in a first period, calculating active energy collection power and passive energy collection power when the broadcast signal is received, and executing S2-S5 in a second period, wherein the first period and the second period form a time slot; s2, comparing the active energy collection power with a first threshold power, and comparing the passive energy collection power with a second threshold power, wherein the first threshold power is the minimum power for triggering an active transmission mode, and the second threshold power is the minimum power for triggering a passive transmission mode; s3, according to the comparison result in the S2, selecting a corresponding transmission mode to transmit a judgment signaling to a receiving end, so that the receiving end compares the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the judgment signaling with a corresponding signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold value to generate a feedback signaling and transmit the feedback signaling; s4, receiving feedback signaling transmitted by the receiving end, and integrating the decision signaling and the feedback signaling to determine an optimal transmission mode under the current time slot, wherein the optimal transmission mode is an active transmission mode or a passive transmission mode; s5, transmitting the data symbol under the current time slot to a receiving end by utilizing the optimal transmission mode.
Further, the active energy collection power and the passive energy collection power are respectively:
PH＝ωξPreceive
PB＝ξηPreceive
Preceive＝∑n∈φhn,TPS
Wherein, P H is the active energy collection power, P B is the passive energy collection power, ω is the duty ratio of the first period in the time slot, ζ is the rf-dc energy conversion efficiency, η is the energy duty ratio for rf-dc energy conversion, P receive is the receiving power of the environmental energy source signal received by the transmitting end, P S is the transmitting power of the environmental energy source, Φ is the set of environmental energy sources, h n,T is the channel gain from the nth environmental energy source to the transmitting end, G n,S is the antenna gain from the nth environmental energy source, G T is the antenna gain from the transmitting end, d n,T is the spatial distance from the nth environmental energy source to the transmitting end, and λ S is the wavelength of the environmental energy source signal.
Still further, the step S3 includes: if the active energy collection power is not lower than the first threshold power, actively generating a radio frequency signal, loading the decision signaling and transmitting the decision signaling to the receiving end; if the active energy collection power is lower than the first threshold power and the passive energy collection power is lower than the second threshold power, executing the step S1 again; otherwise, the carrier signal of the environmental energy source is utilized to load the decision signaling and then is transmitted to the receiving end.
Still further, the S4 includes: if the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode, and the feedback signaling is to accept the active transmission mode, the optimal transmission mode is the active transmission mode; if the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the active transmission mode, or if the decision signaling is to select a passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to accept the passive transmission mode, the optimal transmission mode is the passive transmission mode; and if the decision signaling is to select the passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the passive transmission mode, executing the S1 again.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an active-passive hybrid communication method for a receiving end, including: s1', receiving a judgment signaling transmitted by a transmitting end; the transmitting terminal receives a broadcast signal of an environmental energy source in a first period, calculates active energy collection power and passive energy collection power when receiving the broadcast signal, compares the active energy collection power with a first threshold power in a second period, compares the passive energy collection power with a second threshold power, selects a corresponding transmission mode to transmit the decision signaling according to a comparison result, wherein the first period and the second period form a time slot, the first threshold power is the minimum power for triggering the active transmission mode, and the second threshold power is the minimum power for triggering the passive transmission mode; s2', comparing the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling with a corresponding signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold value to generate a feedback signaling and transmitting the feedback signaling to the transmitting end; s3', synthesizing the decision signaling and the feedback signaling to determine an optimal detection mode under the current time slot, wherein the optimal detection mode is an active detection mode or a passive detection mode; s4', receiving the data symbol sent by the transmitting end, and decoding the data symbol by utilizing the optimal detection mode.
Still further, the S2' includes: when the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode: if the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is not less than the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold of the successfully decoded active signal, the feedback signaling is in an active transmission mode, otherwise, the feedback signaling is in an active transmission mode refusing; when the decision signaling is to select a passive transmission mode: if the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is not less than the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold of the successfully decoded passive signal, the feedback signaling is in a passive transmission mode, otherwise, the feedback signaling is in a passive transmission mode refused.
Further, when the decision signaling is to select the active transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is:
when the decision signaling is to select a passive transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is:
Wherein, Gamma H is the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling for selecting the active transmission mode,/>Is the transmitting power of the transmitting end in the active transmission mode,/>For the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the active transmission mode, P I is the transmitting power of the interference source, ψ is the set of the interference sources, h m,R represents the channel gain from the mth interference source to the receiving end, G T、Gm,I、GR represents the antenna gain of the transmitting end, the mth interference source and the receiving end respectively,/>The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of representing the wavelength of a signal sent by a transmitting end in an active transmission mode, lambda I represents the wavelength of an interference source signal, d m,R represents the spatial distance from an mth interference source to a receiving end, d n,R represents the spatial distance from an nth environmental energy source to the receiving end, d T,R represents the spatial distance from the transmitting end to the receiving end, sigma represents the arithmetic square root of the variance of Gaussian white noise of the receiving end, omega represents the duty ratio of a first period in a time slot, P H represents active energy collecting power, P H represents a first threshold power, gamma B represents the signal-to-interference-noise ratio,/>, of decision signaling for selecting a passive transmission modeFor the transmitting power of the transmitting end in the passive mode, P receive is the receiving power of the environmental energy source signal received by the transmitting end, epsilon is the scattering efficiency of the antenna in the back scattering mode, eta is the energy duty ratio for radio frequency-direct current energy conversion, h T,R is the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the passive transmission mode, h n,R is the channel gain from the nth environmental energy source to the receiving end, lambda T is the wavelength of the transmitting signal sent by the transmitting end in the passive transmission mode, phi is the set of the environmental energy sources, G n,S is the antenna gain of the nth environmental energy source, lambda S is the wavelength of the environmental energy source signal, and P S is the transmitting power of the environmental energy source.
Still further, the step S1' further includes: averaging the multiple active received signal instantaneous power to obtain active received signal average instantaneous power, and averaging the multiple passive received signal instantaneous power to obtain passive received signal average instantaneous power by using a Monte Carlo method; averaging the average instantaneous power of the active received signal and the average instantaneous power of the passive received signal again to obtain a detection threshold; and the space between S1 'and S2' also comprises: and comparing the instantaneous power of the decision signaling with the detection threshold to determine a transmission mode corresponding to the decision signaling.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an active-passive hybrid communication system including a transmitting end that performs the active-passive hybrid communication method for the transmitting end as described above and a receiving end that performs the active-passive hybrid communication method for the receiving end as described above.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic apparatus including: a processor; a memory storing a computer executable program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the active-passive hybrid communication method for a transmitting end as described above, or causes the processor to perform the active-passive hybrid communication method for a receiving end as described above.
In general, through the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
(1) Compared with a single communication mode, the active-passive hybrid communication mode has stronger technical flexibility, and when the passive transmission mode is selected, spectrum resources can be shared with environmental energy source signals, extra spectrum resources are not occupied, and the frequency utilization rate is greatly improved; specifically, according to the energy collected by the transmitting end and the receiving signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the receiving end, the communication mode is selected in a self-adaptive mode, so that the real-time and reliable transmission of information can be ensured;
(2) The final communication mode of each time slot is selected by adopting twice judgment, so that the effectiveness of energy collection can be ensured, and the waste of communication time slots under the condition that an active communication mode is selected but cannot be decoded is avoided;
(3) The receiving end judges whether the judgment signaling belongs to an active signal or a passive signal by receiving the signal energy of the judgment signaling, so that the problem of incorrect signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold selection caused by unreliable information transmission is solved, and the reliability of mode selection is improved; in addition, the receiving end can select to detect the active signal or the passive signal according to the final judgment result, so that the decoding efficiency is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an active-passive hybrid communication method for a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of an active-passive hybrid communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of an active-passive hybrid communication method for a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of an active-passive hybrid communication method for a receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of an active-passive hybrid communication method for interaction between a transmitting end and a receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
In the present invention, the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and in the drawings, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
Embodiment one:
the embodiment provides an active-passive hybrid communication method for a transmitting end. Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the method includes operations S1-S5.
Operation S1, receiving a broadcast signal of an environmental energy source during a first period, and calculating active energy collection power and passive energy collection power when receiving the broadcast signal, and performing S2-S5 during a second period, the first period and the second period constituting one slot.
Referring to fig. 2, an application scenario of the present embodiment is shown, where the transmitting end has two modes, that is, an active transmission mode and a passive transmission mode, which are selectable. The active transmission mode can select wireless energy supply communication, and a common protocol for wireless energy supply communication comprises a Harvest-then-Transmit (HTT) protocol, energy is firstly collected, and then a radio frequency signal is actively generated to load information to be transmitted so as to realize data transmission. The operating frequency of the active transmission mode may be a common operating frequency of the mobile terminal. The passive transmission mode can select the environment back scattering, a radio frequency link is not needed, and the information to be transmitted is loaded by using the existing radio frequency signals of the environment. The operating frequency of the passive transmission mode may be a common operating frequency of the backscatter device.
The broadcast signal is, for example, from an environmental energy source such as a base station, cellular mobile device, etc. The environmental energy source is subject to Poisson Point Process (PPP) distribution, randomly located points are sampled in the european space, and the sample points are subject to uniform distribution. Assume that the transmitting end position vector is d T and the receiving end position vector is d R. The set of environmental energy sources is denoted as phi, the distribution density is theta 1, and the set of position vectors is denoted as D 1, where D 1＝{dn |n.epsilon.phi.. Then d n,T represents the spatial distance of the nth environmental energy source to the transmitting end, d n,T＝||dn-dT||.dn,R represents the spatial distance of the nth environmental energy source to the receiving end, d n,R＝||dn-dR||.dT,R represents the spatial distance between the transmitting end and the receiving end, and d T,R＝||dT-dR. Let the environmental energy source transmit power be P S,PS be the common wireless communication device signal transmit power. The signal of the ambient energy source can be received by both the transmitting and receiving ends.
Between operations S1, the time slot T is divided into a first period ωt and a second period (1- ω) T,0 < ω < 1. The operation S1 is performed during the first period ωt and the operation S2-operation S5 is performed during the second period (1- ω) T. In the present embodiment, the time slots T are divided in consideration of the time required for each operation.
The power modeling of the broadcast signals collected by the transmitting end is as follows:
Preceive＝∑n∈φhn,TPS
further, the active energy collection power and the passive energy collection power are respectively:
PH＝ωξPreceive
PB＝ξhPreceive
Wherein, P H is active energy collection power, P B is passive energy collection power, ω is the duty ratio of the first period in the time slot, ζ is the rf-dc energy conversion efficiency, η is the energy duty ratio for rf-dc energy conversion, P receive is the receiving power of the environmental energy source signal received by the transmitting end, P S is the transmitting power of the environmental energy source, Φ is the set of environmental energy sources, h n,T is the channel gain from the nth environmental energy source to the transmitting end, G n,S is the antenna gain from the nth environmental energy source, G T is the antenna gain from the transmitting end, d n,T is the spatial distance from the nth environmental energy source to the transmitting end, and λ S is the wavelength of the environmental energy source signal.
And S2, comparing the active energy collection power with a first threshold power, and comparing the passive energy collection power with a second threshold power, wherein the first threshold power is the minimum power for triggering the active transmission mode, and the second threshold power is the minimum power for triggering the passive transmission mode.
And S3, selecting a corresponding transmission mode to transmit a judgment signaling to the receiving end according to the comparison result in the S2, so that the receiving end compares the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the judgment signaling with a corresponding signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold value to generate a feedback signaling and transmit the feedback signaling.
According to the embodiment of the invention, if the active energy collection power P H is not lower than the first threshold power P H, the radio frequency signal is actively generated and the decision signaling is loaded and then transmitted to the receiving end. Specifically, the transmitting end selects an active transmission mode, adopts an HTT protocol, utilizes collected energy to actively generate a carrier signal, modulates the carrier signal according to bit symbols of decision signaling, and actively transmits a radio frequency signal to complete the transmission of the decision signaling, wherein the transmission power is the same as that of the radio frequency signalThe method comprises the following steps:
If the active energy collection power P H is lower than the first threshold power P H and the passive energy collection power P B is not lower than the second threshold power P B, the carrier signal of the environmental energy source is used to load the decision signaling and then transmit the decision signaling to the receiving end. Specifically, the transmitting end selects a passive transmission mode, uses back scattering, uses the broadcast radio frequency signal of the environmental energy source as a carrier signal, scatters or absorbs the incident signal by impedance selection whether to match with the antenna impedance, transmits a decision signaling by the environmental radio frequency signal generated by scattering and non-self, and transmits power The method comprises the following steps:
wherein epsilon is the scattering efficiency of the antenna in a back scattering mode, and satisfies 0 < epsilon less than or equal to 1.
If the active energy harvesting power P H is lower than the first threshold power P H and the passive energy harvesting power P B is lower than the second threshold power P B, operation S1 is re-entered to continue harvesting energy.
The process of comparing the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling with the corresponding signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold by the receiving end to generate the feedback signaling is referred to in the second embodiment, and will not be described herein. The feedback signaling is a transmission mode selected for accepting the decision signaling or a transmission mode selected for rejecting the decision signaling.
S4, acquiring feedback signaling transmitted by the receiving end, and integrating the decision signaling and the feedback signaling to determine an optimal transmission mode under the current time slot, wherein the optimal transmission mode is an active transmission mode or a passive transmission mode.
According to the embodiment of the invention, if the decision signaling is to select the active transmission mode, and the feedback signaling is to accept the active transmission mode, the optimal transmission mode is the active transmission mode; if the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the active transmission mode, or if the decision signaling is to select a passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to accept the passive transmission mode, the optimal transmission mode is the passive transmission mode; if the decision signaling is to select the passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the passive transmission mode, the operation S1 is re-executed to continue to collect energy.
S5, transmitting the data symbol under the current time slot to a receiving end by utilizing the optimal transmission mode.
When the optimal transmission mode is an active transmission mode, the transmitting end transmits the data symbol under the current time slot to the receiving end in a mode of transmitting an active radio frequency signal; when the optimal transmission mode is a passive transmission mode, the transmitting end transmits the data symbol under the current time slot to the receiving end in a mode of scattering an environmental energy source signal. The specific implementation manner of the active transmission mode and the passive transmission mode is the same as the implementation manner of transmitting the corresponding decision signaling in the operation S3, and will not be repeated here.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a preferred modeling manner of the power of the broadcast signal collected by the transmitting end is provided, and other existing modeling manners may be adopted to calculate P receive, for example, the power of the broadcast signal collected by the transmitting end, P' receive, is modeled as:
P′receive＝PS∑n∈φgn,Tdn,T -μ
Where μ is a path fading coefficient, and g n,T is a channel gain from the nth environmental energy source to the transmitting end, which obeys the exponential distribution.
Embodiment two:
the present embodiment provides an active-passive hybrid communication method for a receiving end, referring to fig. 4, and the method includes an operation S1 '-an operation S4'.
S1', receiving a judgment signaling transmitted by a transmitting end; the method comprises the steps that a transmitting end receives a broadcast signal of an environmental energy source in a first period, active energy collection power and passive energy collection power are calculated when the broadcast signal is received, the active energy collection power is compared with a first threshold power in a second period, the passive energy collection power is compared with a second threshold power, a corresponding transmission mode is selected according to a comparison result to transmit a judgment signaling, the first period and the second period form a time slot, the first threshold power is the minimum power for triggering an active transmission mode, and the second threshold power is the minimum power for triggering a passive transmission mode.
In the active mode, the signal received by the receiving end comprises an active mode signal of the transmitting end and an interference source signal. And equipment occupying the same frequency band with the active mode of the transmitting end in a certain area forms an interference source set and obeys PPP distribution. The set of interferers is denoted as ψ, the distribution density is θ 2, and the set of position vectors is denoted as D 2, where D 2＝{dm |m e ψ. D m,R represents the spatial distance of the nth ambient energy source to the emitting end, d m,R＝||dm-dR. In the passive mode, the transmitting end loads the modulation symbol on the environmental energy source signal, so that the environmental energy source signal causes interference to the receiving end. In this embodiment, since the operating frequency of the transmitting end in the active transmission mode is the same as the operating frequency of the interference source,
The method further comprises, before performing operation S1': averaging the multiple active received signal instantaneous power to obtain active received signal average instantaneous power, and averaging the multiple passive received signal instantaneous power to obtain passive received signal average instantaneous power by using a Monte Carlo method; and averaging the average instantaneous power of the active received signal and the average instantaneous power of the passive received signal again to obtain a detection threshold k.
In operation S1', the instantaneous power P signal of the received decision signaling is calculated:
Psignal＝||y||2
Where y is the decision signaling received by the receiving end.
Further included between operations S1 'and S2' are: the instantaneous power P signal of the decision signaling is compared with a detection threshold k to determine the transmission mode corresponding to the decision signaling. Specifically, if P signal is greater than or equal to k, the judgment signaling is transmitted in an active transmission mode, and if P signal is less than k, the judgment signaling is transmitted in a passive transmission mode.
And S2', comparing the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling with a corresponding signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold value to generate a feedback signaling and transmitting the feedback signaling to a transmitting end.
According to the embodiment of the invention, when the decision signaling is to select the active transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is as follows:
When the decision signaling is to select the passive transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is:
Wherein, Gamma H is the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling for selecting the active transmission mode,/>Is the transmitting power of the transmitting end in the active transmission mode,/>For the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the active transmission mode, P I is the transmitting power of the interference source, ψ is the set of the interference sources, h m,R represents the channel gain from the mth interference source to the receiving end, G T、Gm,I、GR represents the antenna gain of the transmitting end, the mth interference source and the receiving end respectively,/>The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of representing the wavelength of a signal sent by a transmitting end in an active transmission mode, lambda I represents the wavelength of an interference source signal, d m,R represents the spatial distance from an mth interference source to a receiving end, d n,R represents the spatial distance from an nth environmental energy source to the receiving end, d T,R represents the spatial distance from the transmitting end to the receiving end, sigma represents the arithmetic square root of the variance of Gaussian white noise of the receiving end, omega represents the duty ratio of a first period in a time slot, P H represents active energy collecting power, P H represents a first threshold power, gamma B represents the signal-to-interference-noise ratio,/>, of decision signaling for selecting a passive transmission modeFor the transmitting power of the transmitting end in the passive mode, P receive is the receiving power of the environmental energy source signal received by the transmitting end, e is the scattering efficiency of the antenna in the back scattering mode, η is the energy duty ratio for rf-dc energy conversion, h T,R represents the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the passive transmission mode, h n,R represents the channel gain from the nth environmental energy source to the receiving end, and λ T represents the wavelength of the signal transmitted by the transmitting end in the passive transmission mode.
When the decision signaling is to select the active transmission mode: if the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the decision signaling is not less than the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio threshold (gamma H≥τH) of the successfully decoded active signal, the feedback signaling is to accept the active transmission mode, otherwise (gamma H<τH), the feedback signaling is to reject the active transmission mode, and tau H is the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio threshold of the successfully decoded active signal of the receiving end.
When the decision signaling is to select the passive transmission mode: if the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the decision signaling is not less than the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio threshold (gamma B≥τB) of the successfully decoded passive signal, the feedback signaling is to accept the passive transmission mode, otherwise (gamma B＜τB), the feedback signaling is to reject the passive transmission mode, and tau B is the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio threshold of the successfully decoded passive signal at the receiving end.
And S3', integrating the judgment signaling and the feedback signaling to determine an optimal detection mode under the current time slot, wherein the optimal detection mode is an active detection mode or a passive detection mode.
If the decision signaling is to select the active transmission mode, and the feedback signaling is to accept the active transmission mode, the optimal detection mode is the active detection mode; if the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the active transmission mode, or if the decision signaling is to select a passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to accept the passive transmission mode, the optimal detection mode is a passive detection mode; if the decision signaling is to select the passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the passive transmission mode, the optimal detection mode is not required to be determined.
And S4', receiving the data symbol sent by the transmitting end, and decoding the data symbol by utilizing the optimal detection mode.
When the optimal detection mode is an active detection mode, the optimal detection performance can be obtained through maximum likelihood detection or the suboptimal detection performance can be obtained through a low-complexity linear detector; when the optimal detection mode is a passive detection mode, detection and further decoding of the data symbols can be performed by incoherent or semi-coherent detection by comparing energy differences due to scattering or non-scattering operations.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment, a preferred calculation method of γ H、γB is provided, and other existing calculation methods may be used, for example, the following calculation methods may be used.
When the decision signaling is to select the active transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is:
Wherein, For the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the active transmission mode obeying the exponential distribution,/>And the channel gain from the mth interference source to the receiving end is subjected to exponential distribution.
When the decision signaling is to select the passive transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is:
Wherein, G T,R is the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the passive transmission mode obeying the exponential distribution, and g n,R is the channel gain from the nth environmental energy source obeying the exponential distribution to the receiving end.
Embodiment III:
The present embodiment provides an active-passive hybrid communication method, which is used for a transmitting end and a receiving end, as shown in fig. 5. The transmitting end can collect energy from an environmental energy source and adaptively switch between an active transmission mode and a passive transmission mode to transmit data symbols to be transmitted. The receiving end can carry out mode selection judgment according to the signal energy and the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio from the main and passive mixed transmitting ends, and feed back the mode selection judgment result to adaptively select the main and passive detection modes. The transmitting end can be applied to user equipment, mobile stations, terminal equipment and the like; the receiving end may be applied to various IoT devices.
In the time slot, the capacity C of the communication system formed by the transmitting end and the receiving end can be expressed as:
C＝(1-ω)(CHP[M＝H]+CBP[M＝B])
Wherein C H is the active transmission mode channel capacity, which can be obtained from multiple monte carlo; c B is the passive transmission mode channel capacity, determined by the backscatter circuit parameters; p [ m=h ] represents the probability that the current slot selects the active transmission mode, and P [ m=b ] represents the probability that the current slot selects the passive transmission mode; p [ m=h ] and P [ m=b ] are obtained by monte carlo a plurality of times.
The spectral efficiency E of the communication system formed by the transmitting end and the receiving end can be expressed as:
wherein B H is an active transmission mode bandwidth, and B B is a passive transmission mode bandwidth.
The active and passive hybrid communication method ensures the effectiveness of energy collection to the maximum extent by judging the energy collection capacity and the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio twice, and compared with a single active communication mode, the passive communication mode can still realize data symbol transmission without additionally occupying spectrum resources under the condition that the energy collection capacity is insufficient and the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio does not reach a threshold, so that the spectrum efficiency of a communication system can be obviously improved.
Embodiment four:
The embodiment provides an active-passive hybrid communication system, which comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end. The transmitting end executes the active-passive hybrid communication method for the transmitting end described in the first embodiment; the receiving end executes the active-passive hybrid communication method for the receiving end described in the second embodiment; the interaction between the transmitting end and the receiving end is as in embodiment three. For details of this embodiment, please refer to the descriptions of the first to third embodiments, and the descriptions are omitted here.
Fifth embodiment:
this embodiment shows an electronic device as shown in fig. 6. The electronic device 600 includes a processor 610, a readable storage medium 620. The electronic device 600 performs the active-passive hybrid communication method for the transmitting end described in the first embodiment above, or the electronic device 600 performs the active-passive hybrid communication method for the receiving end described in the second embodiment above.
In particular, the processor 610 may include, for example, a general purpose microprocessor, an instruction set processor and/or an associated chipset and/or a special purpose microprocessor (e.g., an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), or the like. The processor 610 may also include on-board memory for caching purposes. The processor 610 may be a single processing unit or a plurality of processing units for performing different actions of the method flows according to embodiments of the present disclosure described with reference to fig. 1-5.
The readable storage medium 620 may be, for example, any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the instructions. For example, a readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. Specific examples of the readable storage medium include: magnetic storage devices such as magnetic tape or hard disk (HDD); optical storage devices such as compact discs (CD-ROMs); a memory, such as a Random Access Memory (RAM) or a flash memory; and/or a wired/wireless communication link.
The readable storage medium 620 may include a computer program 621, which computer program 621 may include code/computer executable instructions that, when executed by the processor 610, cause the processor 610 to perform the method flow as described above in connection with fig. 1-5 and any variations thereof.
The computer program 621 may be configured with computer program code comprising, for example, computer program modules. For example, in an example embodiment, code in the computer program 621 may include one or more program modules, including for example, module 621A, module 621B, … …. It should be noted that the division and number of modules is not fixed, and that a person skilled in the art may use suitable program modules or combinations of program modules according to the actual situation, which when executed by the processor 610, enable the processor 610 to perform, for example, the method flows described above in connection with fig. 1-5 and any variations thereof.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. An active-passive hybrid communication method for a transmitting end, comprising:
s1, receiving a broadcast signal of an environmental energy source in a first period, calculating active energy collection power and passive energy collection power when the broadcast signal is received, and executing S2-S5 in a second period, wherein the first period and the second period form a time slot;
s2, comparing the active energy collection power with a first threshold power, and comparing the passive energy collection power with a second threshold power, wherein the first threshold power is the minimum power for triggering an active transmission mode, and the second threshold power is the minimum power for triggering a passive transmission mode;
S3, according to the comparison result in the S2, selecting a corresponding transmission mode to transmit a judgment signaling to a receiving end, so that the receiving end compares the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the judgment signaling with a corresponding signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold value to generate a feedback signaling and transmit the feedback signaling;
s4, receiving feedback signaling transmitted by the receiving end, and integrating the decision signaling and the feedback signaling to determine an optimal transmission mode under the current time slot, wherein the optimal transmission mode is an active transmission mode or a passive transmission mode;
s5, transmitting the data symbol under the current time slot to a receiving end by utilizing the optimal transmission mode;
The step S3 comprises the following steps:
If the active energy collection power is not lower than the first threshold power, actively generating a radio frequency signal, loading the decision signaling and transmitting the decision signaling to the receiving end;
if the active energy collection power is lower than the first threshold power and the passive energy collection power is lower than the second threshold power, executing the step S1 again;
Otherwise, the carrier signal of the environmental energy source is utilized to load the judgment signaling and then is transmitted to the receiving end;
the step S4 comprises the following steps:
if the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode, and the feedback signaling is to accept the active transmission mode, the optimal transmission mode is the active transmission mode;
If the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the active transmission mode, or if the decision signaling is to select a passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to accept the passive transmission mode, the optimal transmission mode is the passive transmission mode;
And if the decision signaling is to select the passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the passive transmission mode, executing the S1 again.
2. The active-passive hybrid communication method of claim 1, wherein the active energy harvesting power and the passive energy harvesting power are respectively:
PH＝ωξPreceive
PB＝ξηPreceive
Preceive＝∑n∈φhn,TPS
Wherein, P H is the active energy collection power, P B is the passive energy collection power, ω is the duty ratio of the first period in the time slot, ζ is the rf-dc energy conversion efficiency, η is the energy duty ratio for rf-dc energy conversion, P receive is the receiving power of the environmental energy source signal received by the transmitting end, P S is the transmitting power of the environmental energy source, Φ is the set of environmental energy sources, h n,T is the channel gain from the nth environmental energy source to the transmitting end, G n,S is the antenna gain from the nth environmental energy source, G T is the antenna gain from the transmitting end, d n,T is the spatial distance from the nth environmental energy source to the transmitting end, and λ S is the wavelength of the environmental energy source signal.
3. An active-passive hybrid communication method for a receiving end, comprising:
s1', receiving a judgment signaling transmitted by a transmitting end; wherein the transmitting end is used for executing the active-passive hybrid communication method in claim 1;
s2', comparing the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling with a corresponding signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold value to generate a feedback signaling and transmitting the feedback signaling to the transmitting end;
S3', synthesizing the decision signaling and the feedback signaling to determine an optimal detection mode under the current time slot, wherein the optimal detection mode is an active detection mode or a passive detection mode;
s4', receiving the data symbol sent by the transmitting end, and decoding the data symbol by utilizing the optimal detection mode;
The S2' includes:
when the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode: if the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is not less than the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold of the successfully decoded active signal, the feedback signaling is in an active transmission mode, otherwise, the feedback signaling is in an active transmission mode refusing;
when the decision signaling is to select a passive transmission mode: if the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is not less than the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold of the successfully decoded passive signal, the feedback signaling is in a passive transmission mode, otherwise, the feedback signaling is in a passive transmission mode refused.
4. The active-passive hybrid communication method of claim 3, wherein when the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode, a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is:
when the decision signaling is to select a passive transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is:
Wherein, Gamma H is the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling for selecting the active transmission mode,Is the transmitting power of the transmitting end in the active transmission mode,/>For the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the active transmission mode, P I is the transmitting power of the interference source, ψ is the set of the interference sources, h m,R represents the channel gain from the mth interference source to the receiving end, G T、Gm,I、GR represents the antenna gain of the transmitting end, the mth interference source and the receiving end respectively,/>The method is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of representing the wavelength of a signal sent by a transmitting end in an active transmission mode, lambda I represents the wavelength of an interference source signal, d m,R represents the spatial distance from an mth interference source to a receiving end, d n,R represents the spatial distance from an nth environmental energy source to the receiving end, d T,R represents the spatial distance from the transmitting end to the receiving end, sigma represents the arithmetic square root of the variance of Gaussian white noise of the receiving end, omega represents the duty ratio of a first period in a time slot, P H represents active energy collecting power, P H represents a first threshold power, gamma B represents the signal-to-interference-noise ratio,/>, of decision signaling for selecting a passive transmission modeFor the transmitting power of the transmitting end in the passive mode, P receive is the receiving power of the environmental energy source signal received by the transmitting end, epsilon is the scattering efficiency of the antenna in the back scattering mode, eta is the energy duty ratio for radio frequency-direct current energy conversion, h T,R is the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the passive transmission mode, h n,R is the channel gain from the nth environmental energy source to the receiving end, lambda T is the wavelength of the transmitting signal sent by the transmitting end in the passive transmission mode, phi is the set of the environmental energy sources, G n,S is the antenna gain of the nth environmental energy source, lambda S is the wavelength of the environmental energy source signal, and P S is the transmitting power of the environmental energy source.
5. The active-passive hybrid communication method of any of claims 3-4, wherein S1' is preceded by:
averaging the multiple active received signal instantaneous power to obtain active received signal average instantaneous power, and averaging the multiple passive received signal instantaneous power to obtain passive received signal average instantaneous power by using a Monte Carlo method;
averaging the average instantaneous power of the active received signal and the average instantaneous power of the passive received signal again to obtain a detection threshold;
And the space between S1 'and S2' also comprises: and comparing the instantaneous power of the decision signaling with the detection threshold to determine a transmission mode corresponding to the decision signaling.
6. An active-passive hybrid communication system, comprising a transmitting end that performs the active-passive hybrid communication method according to any one of claims 1-2, and a receiving end that performs the active-passive hybrid communication method according to any one of claims 3-5.
7. An electronic device, comprising:
A processor;
A memory storing a computer executable program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the active-passive hybrid communication method of any one of claims 1-2 or causes the processor to perform the active-passive hybrid communication method of any one of claims 3-5.
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