CN114205868A - Active and passive hybrid communication method and system and electronic equipment - Google Patents

Active and passive hybrid communication method and system and electronic equipment Download PDF

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CN114205868A
CN114205868A CN202111446095.6A CN202111446095A CN114205868A CN 114205868 A CN114205868 A CN 114205868A CN 202111446095 A CN202111446095 A CN 202111446095A CN 114205868 A CN114205868 A CN 114205868A
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active
passive
power
transmission mode
signaling
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CN114205868B (en
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江涛
牛志昂
彭淼然
阚锦昊
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0231—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions
    • H04W28/0236—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control based on communication conditions radio quality, e.g. interference, losses or delay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/10—Flow control between communication endpoints
    • H04W28/12—Flow control between communication endpoints using signalling between network elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses an active and passive hybrid communication method, a system and electronic equipment, belonging to the field of wireless communication, wherein the method comprises the following steps: receiving a broadcast signal of an environment energy source, and calculating active energy collection power and passive energy collection power when the broadcast signal is received; comparing the active energy harvesting power with the minimum power for triggering the active transmission mode, and comparing the passive energy harvesting power with the minimum power for triggering the passive transmission mode; selecting a corresponding transmission mode according to the comparison result to transmit a judgment signaling to a receiving end, so that the receiving end compares the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the judgment signaling with a corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold value to generate a feedback signaling and transmit the feedback signaling; acquiring a feedback signaling transmitted by a receiving end, and comprehensively judging the signaling and the feedback signaling to determine an optimal transmission mode under the current time slot; and transmitting the data symbols in the current time slot to a receiving end by utilizing the optimal transmission mode. The active communication mode or the passive communication mode can be flexibly selected according to environmental characteristics and device capabilities.

Description

Active and passive hybrid communication method and system and electronic equipment
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to an active and passive hybrid communication method, a system and electronic equipment.
Background
The energy self-maintenance communication technology represented by environment backscattering and wireless energy supply communication loads and transmits self information by collecting radio frequency signal energy in the environment, is regarded as one of key technologies for supporting wide deployment and connection of future 6G ultra-large-scale small wireless equipment and realizing interconnection of everything, and is widely concerned by academia and industry. The environment backscattering loads information to be sent through existing radio frequency signals in a scattering environment, active generation of the radio frequency signals is not needed, the passive communication paradigm is achieved, a special reader and a carrier transmitter are not needed, the same frequency spectrum resource is shared with the active radio frequency signals, and the passive communication paradigm has the advantages of ultra-low power consumption (about microwatts), ultra-low cost and no occupation of extra frequency spectrum. The wireless energy supply communication collects environmental radio frequency energy firstly, then actively generates radio frequency signals to load information to be sent, and is an active communication paradigm, so that feasibility of supplying energy to active radio frequency communication by the environmental radio frequency energy is realized, and the wireless energy supply communication has the advantages of high speed and high reliability.
In the prior art, a single passive communication technology adopting environment backscattering depends on environment radio frequency signals, message transmission autonomy is poor, and compared with an active communication technology, the passive communication technology has the problems of low transmission rate and poor reliability. Specifically, when there is no radio frequency signal in the environment, the passive communication technology cannot load the information to be transmitted by a scattering or non-scattering modulation technology, so that the message cannot be transmitted; secondly, the energy of the wireless signal adopting passive communication is lower than that of the wireless signal adopting active communication in the environment, so that the transmission reliability and the transmission rate are poor, and the further application of the wireless signal is limited. The single active communication technology adopting wireless energy supply faces the problems of overlong energy collection stage and low frequency spectrum utilization rate. Specifically, the device communication needs to collect environment radio frequency signal energy first, and when the deployed radio frequency sources in the environment are not dense, the device needs to be in an energy collection stage for a long time to obtain energy capable of supporting the generation of the active radio frequency signal, which causes the problem of low real-time efficiency of information transmission; secondly, when large-scale internet of things equipment is widely deployed, the problem of low spectrum efficiency also occurs. Specifically, if the communication mode of actively transmitting the radio frequency signal is adopted, the spectrum resources are required to be allocated, the spectrum resources are limited, and the requirement of massive spectrum resources also urges a transmission mode with high spectrum utilization rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an active and passive hybrid communication method, a system and an electronic device, aiming at solving the problems that an energy self-sustaining wireless terminal cannot perform data transmission with real-time and high reliability under a single communication mode and the spectrum utilization rate is low due to environmental radio frequency signals and energy limitation.
To achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an active-passive hybrid communication method for a transmitting end, including: s1, receiving a broadcast signal of an environmental energy source in a first period, calculating active energy collection power and passive energy collection power when receiving the broadcast signal, and executing S2-S5 in a second period, wherein the first period and the second period form a time slot; s2, comparing the active energy harvesting power with a first threshold power, and comparing the passive energy harvesting power with a second threshold power, where the first threshold power is the minimum power for triggering the active transmission mode, and the second threshold power is the minimum power for triggering the passive transmission mode; s3, selecting a corresponding transmission mode according to the comparison result in S2 to transmit a decision signaling to a receiving end, so that the receiving end compares the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling with a corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold value to generate a feedback signaling and transmit the feedback signaling; s4, receiving a feedback signaling transmitted by the receiving end, and integrating the decision signaling and the feedback signaling to determine an optimal transmission mode under the current time slot, wherein the optimal transmission mode is an active transmission mode or a passive transmission mode; and S5, transmitting the data symbol in the current time slot to the receiving end by using the optimal transmission mode.
Further, the active energy harvesting power and the passive energy harvesting power are respectively:
PH＝ωξPreceive
PB＝ξηPreceive
Preceive＝∑n∈φhn,TPS
Figure BDA0003379828970000031
wherein, PHCollecting power for said active energy, PBCollecting power for the passive energy, ω being the fraction of the first time period in the time slot, ξ being the radio-to-dc energy conversion efficiency, η being the energy fraction for the radio-to-dc energy conversion, PreceiveReceived power, P, of ambient energy source signal for transmitting terminalSIs the transmission power of the ambient energy source, phi is the set of ambient energy sources, hn,TFor the channel gain from the nth source of ambient energy to the transmitting end, Gn,SAntenna gain for the nth source of ambient energy, GTFor the antenna gain at the transmitting end, dn,TIs the spatial distance, lambda, from the nth source of ambient energy to the transmitting endSIs the wavelength of the ambient energy source signal.
Further, the S3 includes: if the active energy collection power is not lower than the first threshold power, actively generating a radio frequency signal, loading the decision signaling and then transmitting the radio frequency signal to the receiving end; if the active energy harvesting power is lower than the first threshold power and the passive energy harvesting power is lower than the second threshold power, performing the step S1 again; otherwise, the carrier signal of the environment energy source is used for loading the decision signaling and then is transmitted to the receiving end.
Further, the S4 includes: if the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to accept the active transmission mode, the optimal transmission mode is the active transmission mode; if the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the active transmission mode, or if the decision signaling is to select a passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to accept the passive transmission mode, the optimal transmission mode is the passive transmission mode; if the decision signaling is to select the passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the passive transmission mode, the step S1 is executed again.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an active-passive hybrid communication method for a receiving end, including: s1', receiving the decision signaling transmitted by the transmitting terminal; the transmitting terminal receives a broadcast signal of an environmental energy source in a first time period, calculates active energy collection power and passive energy collection power when the broadcast signal is received, compares the active energy collection power with a first threshold power in a second time period, compares the passive energy collection power with a second threshold power, selects a corresponding transmission mode according to a comparison result, and transmits the decision signaling, wherein the first time period and the second time period form a time slot, the first threshold power is the minimum power for triggering an active transmission mode, and the second threshold power is the minimum power for triggering a passive transmission mode; s2', comparing the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling with the corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold, so as to generate a feedback signaling and transmit the feedback signaling to the transmitting end; s3', synthesizing the decision signaling and the feedback signaling to determine the optimal detection mode under the current time slot, wherein the optimal detection mode is an active detection mode or a passive detection mode; s4', receiving the data symbol sent by the transmitting end, and decoding the data symbol by using the optimal detection mode.
Further, the S2' includes: when the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode: if the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling is not less than the signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold of the successfully decoded active signal, the feedback signaling is in an active transmission accepting mode, otherwise, the feedback signaling is in an active transmission rejecting mode; when the decision signaling is to select a passive transmission mode: and if the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling is not less than the signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold of the successfully decoded passive signal, the feedback signaling is in a passive transmission accepting mode, otherwise, the feedback signaling is in a passive transmission rejecting mode.
Further, when the decision signaling selects the active transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is:
Figure BDA0003379828970000041
when the decision signaling selects the passive transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is as follows:
Figure BDA0003379828970000042
wherein,
Figure BDA0003379828970000043
Figure BDA0003379828970000051
γHto select the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling for the active transmission mode,
Figure BDA0003379828970000052
for the transmit power of the transmitting end in the active transmission mode,
Figure BDA0003379828970000053
for the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the active transmission mode, PIIs the transmission power of the interference source,. psi.m,RRepresenting the channel gain, G, from the mth interferer to the receiverT、Gm,I、GRRespectively representing the antenna gains of a transmitting end, an mth interference source and a receiving end,
Figure BDA0003379828970000055
denotes the wavelength, λ, of the signal transmitted for the transmitting end in the active transmission modeIRepresenting the wavelength of the interference source signal, dm,RIs the spatial distance from the mth interference source to the receiving end, dn,RIs the spatial distance from the nth ambient energy source to the receiving end, dT,RIs the space distance from the transmitting end to the receiving end, sigma is the square root of the variance arithmetic of white Gaussian noise of the receiving end, omega is the ratio of the first time interval in the time slot, PHFor active energy harvesting of power, pHIs a first threshold power, γBTo select the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling for the passive transmission mode,
Figure BDA0003379828970000054
is the transmission power of the transmitting end in the passive mode, PreceiveFor the receiving power of the environment energy source signal received by the transmitting terminal, epsilon is the scattering efficiency of the antenna in a backscattering mode, eta is the energy ratio for RF-DC energy conversion, hT,RRepresents the channel gain, h, from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the passive transmission moden,RRepresents the channel gain, λ, from the nth source of ambient energy to the receiverTRepresents the wavelength of the transmitted signal for the transmitting end in the passive transmission mode, phi is the set of environmental energy sources, Gn,SAntenna gain, λ, for the nth source of ambient energySIs the wavelength, P, of the ambient energy source signalSIs the transmitted power of the ambient energy source.
Further, S1' is preceded by: averaging the instantaneous power of the multiple active received signals by using a Monte Carlo method to obtain the average instantaneous power of the active received signals, and averaging the instantaneous power of the multiple passive received signals to obtain the average instantaneous power of the passive received signals; averaging the average instantaneous power of the active received signal and the average instantaneous power of the passive received signal again to obtain a detection threshold; the S1 'and S2' further comprise: and comparing the instantaneous power of the decision signaling with the detection threshold to determine the transmission mode corresponding to the decision signaling.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an active-passive hybrid communication system including a transmitting end that performs the active-passive hybrid communication method for the transmitting end as described above and a receiving end that performs the active-passive hybrid communication method for the receiving end as described above.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic apparatus including: a processor; a memory storing a computer executable program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to execute the active-passive hybrid communication method for a transmitting end as described above or causes the processor to execute the active-passive hybrid communication method for a receiving end as described above.
Generally, by the above technical solution conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
(1) compared with a single communication mode, the active and passive hybrid communication mode has stronger technical flexibility, and can share frequency spectrum resources with environmental energy source signals when the passive transmission mode is selected, so that additional frequency spectrum resources are not occupied, and the frequency utilization rate is greatly improved; specifically, a communication mode is selected in a self-adaptive mode according to the energy collected by the transmitting end and the received signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the receiving end, so that the real-time and reliable transmission of information can be guaranteed;
(2) the final communication mode of each time slot is selected by adopting two times of judgment, so that the energy collection effectiveness can be guaranteed, and the waste of the communication time slots under the condition that an active communication mode is selected but decoding cannot be performed is avoided;
(3) the receiving end judges whether the judgment signaling belongs to an active signal or a passive signal by receiving the signal energy of the judgment signaling, so that the problem of incorrect selection of the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold caused by unreliable information transmission is reduced, and the reliability of mode selection is improved; in addition, the receiving end can select to detect the active signal or the passive signal according to the final judgment result, and the decoding efficiency is higher.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an active-passive hybrid communication method for a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of a scenario of an active-passive hybrid communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of an active-passive hybrid communication method for a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of an active-passive hybrid communication method for a receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of an active-passive hybrid communication method for interaction between a transmitting end and a receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like (if any) in the description and the drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment provides an active and passive hybrid communication method used for a transmitting end. Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the method includes operation S1-operation S5.
Operation S1 receives a broadcast signal of an ambient energy source for a first period, and calculates active and passive energy-harvesting powers when the broadcast signal is received, and performs S2-S5 for a second period, the first and second periods constituting one slot.
Referring to fig. 2, an application scenario of the present embodiment is shown, where the transmitting end has two modes, namely an active transmission mode and a passive transmission mode, selectable. The active transmission mode can select wireless energy supply communication, common protocols of the wireless energy supply communication comprise a Harvest-then-transmit (HTT) protocol, energy is collected firstly, and then radio frequency signals are actively generated to load information to be sent so as to realize data transmission. The operating frequency of the active transmission mode may be a common operating frequency of the mobile terminal. The passive transmission mode can select environment backscattering, a radio frequency link is not needed, and the existing radio frequency signals of the environment are used for loading information to be sent. The operating frequency of the passive transmission mode may be the usual operating frequency of the backscatter device.
The broadcast signal is, for example, from an ambient energy source such as a base station, cellular mobile device, etc. The environmental energy source obeys Poisson Point Process (PPP) distribution, randomly positioned points are sampled in Euclidean space, and sample points obey uniform divisionAnd (3) cloth. Assume a transmit end position vector of dTThe receiver position vector is dR. The set of environmental energy sources is represented as phi and the distribution density is theta1The set of position vectors is denoted D1Wherein D is1＝{dnI n belongs to phi. Then dn,TRepresenting the spatial distance of the nth source of ambient energy to the transmitting end, dn,T＝||dn-dT||。dn,RRepresenting the spatial distance of the nth source of ambient energy to the receiving end, dn,R＝||dn-dR||。dT,RRepresents the spatial distance between the transmitting and receiving ends, dT,R＝||dT-dRL. Assuming that the emission power of the environment energy source is PS，PSIs common wireless communication equipment signal transmission power. The signal of the environmental energy source can be received by the transmitting end and the receiving end at the same time.
Between operation S1, the time slot T is divided into a first period ω T and a second period (1- ω) T, 0 < ω < 1. Operation S1 is performed during the first period ω T, and operations S2-S5 are performed during the second period (1- ω) T. In the present embodiment, the time required for each operation is divided into slots T.
The power of the broadcast signal collected by the transmitting end is modeled as:
Preceive＝∑n∈φhn,TPS
Figure BDA0003379828970000081
further, the active energy harvesting power and the passive energy harvesting power are respectively:
PH＝ωξPreceive
PB＝ξhPreceive
wherein, PHFor active energy harvesting of power, PBFor passive energy harvesting power, ω is the ratio of the first time period in the time slot, ξ is the radio frequency-to-dc energy conversion efficiency, η is the energy ratio for radio frequency-to-dc energy conversion, PreceiveReceiving ambient energy source signal for transmitting terminalReceived power, PSIs the transmission power of the ambient energy source, phi is the set of ambient energy sources, hn,TFor the channel gain from the nth source of ambient energy to the transmitting end, Gn,SAntenna gain for the nth source of ambient energy, GTFor the antenna gain at the transmitting end, dn,TIs the spatial distance, lambda, from the nth source of ambient energy to the transmitting endSIs the wavelength of the ambient energy source signal.
Operation S2 is to compare the active energy harvesting power with a first threshold power, which is a minimum power to trigger the active transmission mode, and compare the passive energy harvesting power with a second threshold power, which is a minimum power to trigger the passive transmission mode.
Operation S3, selecting a corresponding transmission mode according to the comparison result in operation S2 to transmit the decision signaling to the receiving end, so that the receiving end compares the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling with the corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold to generate a feedback signaling and transmit the feedback signaling.
According to an embodiment of the invention, if the power P is actively collectedHNot lower than a first threshold power pHAnd actively generating a radio frequency signal, loading a decision signaling and then transmitting the radio frequency signal to a receiving end. Specifically, the transmitting terminal selects an active transmission mode, adopts an HTT protocol, actively generates a carrier signal by utilizing the collected energy, modulates the carrier signal according to a bit symbol of a decision signaling, completes decision signaling transmission by actively transmitting a radio frequency signal, and transmits power
Figure BDA0003379828970000091
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003379828970000092
if active energy harvesting power PHBelow a first threshold power pHAnd passively energy-harvesting power PBNot lower than a second threshold power pBAnd loading the decision signaling by utilizing a carrier signal of the environment energy source and then transmitting the decision signaling to a receiving end. Specifically, the transmitting end selects passive transmissionThe mode adopts back scattering, utilizes the broadcast radio frequency signal of an environment energy source as a carrier signal, scatters or absorbs an incident signal by selecting whether the impedance is matched with the impedance of an antenna, and transmits a decision signaling and transmitting power by scattering the environment radio frequency signal which is not generated by the self
Figure BDA0003379828970000093
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0003379828970000094
wherein epsilon is the scattering efficiency of the antenna in a backscattering mode, and epsilon is more than 0 and less than or equal to 1.
If active energy harvesting power PHBelow a first threshold power pHAnd passively energy-harvesting power PBBelow a second threshold power pBThe routine proceeds to operation S1 again to continue collecting energy.
The process of comparing the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling with the corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold value to generate the feedback signaling by the receiving end refers to the second embodiment, which is not described herein again. The feedback signaling is a transmission mode selected for accepting the decision signaling or a transmission mode selected for rejecting the decision signaling.
S4, obtaining the feedback signaling transmitted by the receiving end, and integrating the decision signaling and the feedback signaling to determine the optimal transmission mode in the current time slot, wherein the optimal transmission mode is an active transmission mode or a passive transmission mode.
According to the embodiment of the invention, if the decision signaling is to select the active transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to receive the active transmission mode, the optimal transmission mode is the active transmission mode; if the judgment signaling is to select the active transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the active transmission mode, or if the judgment signaling is to select the passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to accept the passive transmission mode, the optimal transmission mode is the passive transmission mode; if the decision signaling is to select the passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the passive transmission mode, operation S1 is executed again to continue collecting energy.
And S5, transmitting the data symbol in the current time slot to the receiving end by using the optimal transmission mode.
When the optimal transmission mode is an active transmission mode, the transmitting terminal transmits the data symbols in the current time slot to the receiving terminal in a mode of transmitting active radio frequency signals; and when the optimal transmission mode is a passive transmission mode, the transmitting end transmits the data symbols in the current time slot to the receiving end in a mode of scattering the environmental energy source signals. The specific implementation manners of the active transmission mode and the passive transmission mode are the same as the implementation manner of transmitting the corresponding decision signaling in operation S3, and are not described herein again.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, a preferred method for modeling the power of the broadcast signal collected by the transmitting end is provided, and P may also be calculated by using other existing modeling methodsreceiveE.g. power, P 'of the broadcast signal collected by the transmitting end'receiveModeling is as follows:
P′receive＝PS∑n∈φgn,Tdn,T -μ
where μ is the path fading coefficient, gn,TThe channel gain from the nth environmental energy source to the transmitting end is subject to exponential distribution.
Example two:
the present embodiment provides an active-passive hybrid communication method for a receiving end, and referring to fig. 4, the method includes operations S1 '-S4'.
Operation S1', receiving a decision signaling transmitted by a transmitting end; the transmitting terminal receives a broadcast signal of an environment energy source in a first time period, calculates active energy collection power and passive energy collection power when the broadcast signal is received, compares the active energy collection power with a first threshold value power in a second time period, compares the passive energy collection power with a second threshold value power, selects a corresponding transmission mode according to a comparison result, and transmits a decision signaling, wherein the first time period and the second time period form a time slot, the first threshold value power is the minimum power for triggering the active transmission mode, and the second threshold value power is the minimum power for triggering the passive transmission mode.
Active mouldIn the formula, the signal received by the receiving end includes the transmitting end active mode signal and the interference source signal. And equipment occupying the same frequency band with the active mode of the transmitting end in a certain area forms an interference source set, and the interference source set obeys PPP distribution. The interference source set is expressed as psi and the distribution density is theta2The set of position vectors is denoted D2Wherein D is2＝{dmI m belongs to psi. Then dm,RRepresenting the spatial distance of the nth source of ambient energy to the transmitting end, dm,R＝||dm-dRL. In the passive mode, the transmitting end loads a modulation symbol on the environmental energy source signal, and the environmental energy source signal causes interference to the receiving end. In this embodiment, since the working frequency of the transmitting end in the active transmission mode is the same as the working frequency of the interference source,
Figure BDA0003379828970000111
prior to performing operation S1', further comprising: averaging the instantaneous power of the multiple active received signals by using a Monte Carlo method to obtain the average instantaneous power of the active received signals, and averaging the instantaneous power of the multiple passive received signals to obtain the average instantaneous power of the passive received signals; and averaging the average instantaneous power of the active received signal and the average instantaneous power of the passive received signal again to obtain a detection threshold k.
In operation S1', an instantaneous power P of the received decision signaling is calculatedsignal：
Psignal＝||y||2
Wherein y is a decision signaling received by the receiving end.
Further included between operations S1 'and S2': comparing the instantaneous power P of decision signalingsignalAnd a detection threshold k to determine a transmission mode corresponding to the decision signaling. Specifically, if PsignalMore than or equal to k, it indicates that the decision signaling is the transmission in active transmission mode, if P issignalAnd k indicates that the decision signaling is a passive transmission mode transmission.
In operation S2', the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling is compared with the corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold to generate and transmit the feedback signaling to the transmitting end.
According to the embodiment of the present invention, when the decision signaling selects the active transmission mode, the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling is:
Figure BDA0003379828970000121
when the decision signaling selects the passive transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is as follows:
Figure BDA0003379828970000122
wherein,
Figure BDA0003379828970000123
Figure BDA0003379828970000124
γHto select the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling for the active transmission mode,
Figure BDA0003379828970000125
for the transmit power of the transmitting end in the active transmission mode,
Figure BDA0003379828970000126
for the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the active transmission mode, PIIs the transmission power of the interference source,. psi.m,RRepresenting the channel gain, G, from the mth interferer to the receiverT、Gm,I、GRRespectively representing the antenna gains of a transmitting end, an mth interference source and a receiving end,
Figure BDA0003379828970000127
denotes the wavelength, λ, of the signal transmitted for the transmitting end in the active transmission modeIRepresenting the wavelength of the interference source signal, dm,RIs the spatial distance from the mth interference source to the receiving end, dn,RIs the spatial distance from the nth ambient energy source to the receiving end, dT,RIs the space distance from the transmitting end to the receiving end, sigma is the square root of the variance arithmetic of white Gaussian noise of the receiving end, omega is the ratio of the first time interval in the time slot, PHFor active energy harvesting of power, pHIs a first threshold power, γBTo select the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling for the passive transmission mode,
Figure BDA0003379828970000128
is the transmission power of the transmitting end in the passive mode, PreceiveThe received power of the transmitting terminal for receiving the environmental energy source signal, e is the scattering efficiency of the antenna in the backscattering mode, eta is the energy ratio for RF-DC energy conversion, hT,RRepresents the channel gain, h, from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the passive transmission moden,RRepresents the channel gain, λ, from the nth source of ambient energy to the receiverTWhich represents the wavelength at which the transmitting end sends signals in the passive transmission mode.
When the decision signaling is to select the active transmission mode: if the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is not less than the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold (i.e. gamma) of the successfully decoded active signalH≥τH) The feedback signaling is to accept the active transmission mode, otherwise (i.e. gamma)H<τH) Feedback signaling to reject active transmission mode, τHAnd successfully decoding the SINR threshold of the active signal for the receiving end.
When the decision signaling is to select the passive transmission mode: if the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is not less than the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio threshold (i.e. gamma) of the successfully decoded passive signalB≥τB) The feedback signaling is to accept the passive transmission mode, otherwise (i.e. gamma)B＜τB) Feedback signaling for rejection of passive transmission mode, τBAnd successfully decoding the SINR threshold of the passive signal for the receiving end.
In operation S3', the decision signaling and the feedback signaling are integrated to determine an optimal detection mode at the current time slot, where the optimal detection mode is an active detection mode or a passive detection mode.
If the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to accept the active transmission mode, the optimal detection mode is an active detection mode; if the judgment signaling is to select the active transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the active transmission mode, or if the judgment signaling is to select the passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to accept the passive transmission mode, the optimal detection mode is the passive detection mode; and if the decision signaling is the passive transmission mode selected and the feedback signaling is the passive transmission rejection mode, determining the optimal detection mode is not required.
Operation S4', receives the data symbols transmitted by the transmitting end, and decodes the data symbols using the optimal detection mode.
When the optimal detection mode is an active detection mode, the optimal detection performance can be obtained through maximum likelihood detection or the suboptimal detection performance can be obtained through a low-complexity linear detector; when the optimal detection mode is a passive detection mode, the data symbols can be detected and further decoded by comparing energy differences generated by scattering or non-scattering operations through non-coherent detection or semi-coherent detection.
It should be noted that the present embodiment provides a preferred γH、γBOther conventional calculation methods may be used for the calculation method (2), for example, the following calculation methods may be used.
When the decision signaling selects the active transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is as follows:
Figure BDA0003379828970000141
wherein,
Figure BDA0003379828970000142
Figure BDA0003379828970000143
in order to achieve the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the active transmission mode following the exponential distribution,
Figure BDA0003379828970000144
to the receiving end for the mth interference source obeying exponential distributionThe channel gain.
When the decision signaling selects the passive transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is as follows:
Figure BDA0003379828970000145
wherein,
Figure BDA0003379828970000146
gT，Rgain g of channel from transmitting end to receiving end in passive transmission mode obeying exponential distributionn,RThe channel gain from the nth environmental energy source to the receiving end is subject to exponential distribution.
Example three:
the embodiment provides an active-passive hybrid communication method for a transmitting end and a receiving end, as shown in fig. 5. The transmitting terminal can collect energy from an environment energy source and adaptively switch between an active transmission mode and a passive transmission mode to transmit data symbols to be transmitted. The receiving end can carry out mode selection judgment according to the signal energy and the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio from the active and passive mixed transmitting ends, feed back a mode selection judgment result and select an active detection mode and a passive detection mode in a self-adaptive mode. The transmitting terminal can be applied to user equipment, mobile stations, terminal equipment and the like; the receiving end is applicable to various IoT devices.
The capacity C of the communication system formed by the transmitting end and the receiving end in the time slot can be expressed as:
C＝(1-ω)(CHP[M＝H]+CBP[M＝B])
wherein, CHThe channel capacity of the active transmission mode can be obtained by multiple Monte Carlo; cBThe channel capacity in the passive transmission mode is determined by the back scattering circuit parameters; p [ M ═ H]Denotes the probability that the active transmission mode is selected for the current timeslot, P [ M ═ B]Representing the probability of selecting a passive transmission mode for the current time slot; p [ M ═ H]And P [ M ═ B]Obtained by multiple Monte Carlo.
The spectral efficiency E of the communication system composed of the transmitting end and the receiving end can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0003379828970000151
wherein, BHFor active transmission mode bandwidth, BBIs a passive transmission mode bandwidth.
The active and passive hybrid communication method ensures the effectiveness of energy collection to the maximum extent by judging the energy collection capacity and the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio twice, and compared with a single active communication mode, the passive communication mode can still realize data symbol transmission without additionally occupying frequency spectrum resources under the conditions that the energy collection capacity is insufficient and the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio does not reach a threshold, so the spectral efficiency of a communication system can be obviously improved.
Example four:
the embodiment provides an active-passive hybrid communication system, which comprises a transmitting end and a receiving end. The transmitting end executes the active and passive hybrid communication method for the transmitting end described in the first embodiment; the receiving end executes the active and passive hybrid communication method for the receiving end described in the second embodiment; the interaction between the transmitting end and the receiving end is as shown in embodiment three. For details that are not described in the present embodiment, please refer to the description in the first to third embodiments, which is not described herein again.
Example five:
the present embodiment shows an electronic apparatus as shown in fig. 6. The electronic device 600 includes a processor 610, a readable storage medium 620. The electronic device 600 performs the active-passive hybrid communication method for the transmitting side described in the above embodiment one, or the electronic device 600 performs the active-passive hybrid communication method for the receiving side described in the above embodiment two.
In particular, the processor 610 may comprise, for example, a general purpose microprocessor, an instruction set processor and/or related chip set and/or a special purpose microprocessor (e.g., an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), or the like. The processor 610 may also include onboard memory for caching purposes. The processor 610 may be a single processing unit or a plurality of processing units for performing the different actions of the method flows according to embodiments of the present disclosure described with reference to fig. 1-5.
Readable storage medium 620 may be, for example, any medium that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the instructions. For example, a readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. Specific examples of the readable storage medium include: magnetic storage devices, such as magnetic tape or Hard Disk Drives (HDDs); optical storage devices, such as compact disks (CD-ROMs); a memory, such as a Random Access Memory (RAM) or a flash memory; and/or wired/wireless communication links.
The readable storage medium 620 may include a computer program 621, which computer program 621 may include code/computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor 610, cause the processor 610 to perform a method flow, such as described above in connection with fig. 1-5, and any variations thereof.
The computer program 621 may be configured with, for example, computer program code comprising computer program modules. For example, in an example embodiment, code in computer program 621 may include one or more program modules, including for example module 621A, module 621B, … …. It should be noted that the division and number of modules are not fixed, and those skilled in the art may use suitable program modules or program module combinations according to actual situations, which when executed by the processor 610, enable the processor 610 to perform the method flows described above in connection with fig. 1-5, for example, and any variations thereof.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An active-passive hybrid communication method for a transmitting end, comprising:
s1, receiving a broadcast signal of an environmental energy source in a first period, calculating active energy collection power and passive energy collection power when receiving the broadcast signal, and executing S2-S5 in a second period, wherein the first period and the second period form a time slot;
s2, comparing the active energy harvesting power with a first threshold power, and comparing the passive energy harvesting power with a second threshold power, where the first threshold power is the minimum power for triggering the active transmission mode, and the second threshold power is the minimum power for triggering the passive transmission mode;
s3, selecting a corresponding transmission mode according to the comparison result in S2 to transmit a decision signaling to a receiving end, so that the receiving end compares the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling with a corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold value to generate a feedback signaling and transmit the feedback signaling;
s4, receiving a feedback signaling transmitted by the receiving end, and integrating the decision signaling and the feedback signaling to determine an optimal transmission mode under the current time slot, wherein the optimal transmission mode is an active transmission mode or a passive transmission mode;
and S5, transmitting the data symbol in the current time slot to the receiving end by using the optimal transmission mode.
2. The active-passive hybrid communication method according to claim 1, wherein the active energy harvesting power and the passive energy harvesting power are respectively:
PH＝ωξPreceive
PB＝ξηPreceive
Preceive＝∑n∈φhn,TPS
Figure FDA0003379828960000011
wherein, PHCollecting power for said active energy, PBFor the passive energy harvesting power, ω is the fraction of the first time period in the time slot, ξ is the radio-to-dc energy conversion efficiency, η is the energy fraction for the radio-to-dc energy conversion,Preceivereceived power, P, of ambient energy source signal for transmitting terminalSIs the transmission power of the ambient energy source, phi is the set of ambient energy sources, hn,TFor the channel gain from the nth source of ambient energy to the transmitting end, Gn,SAntenna gain for the nth source of ambient energy, GTFor the antenna gain at the transmitting end, dn,TIs the spatial distance, lambda, from the nth source of ambient energy to the transmitting endSIs the wavelength of the ambient energy source signal.
3. The active-passive hybrid communication method according to claim 1, wherein the S3 includes:
if the active energy collection power is not lower than the first threshold power, actively generating a radio frequency signal, loading the decision signaling and then transmitting the radio frequency signal to the receiving end;
if the active energy harvesting power is lower than the first threshold power and the passive energy harvesting power is lower than the second threshold power, performing the step S1 again;
otherwise, the carrier signal of the environment energy source is used for loading the decision signaling and then is transmitted to the receiving end.
4. The active-passive hybrid communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the S4 includes:
if the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to accept the active transmission mode, the optimal transmission mode is the active transmission mode;
if the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the active transmission mode, or if the decision signaling is to select a passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to accept the passive transmission mode, the optimal transmission mode is the passive transmission mode;
if the decision signaling is to select the passive transmission mode and the feedback signaling is to reject the passive transmission mode, the step S1 is executed again.
5. An active-passive hybrid communication method for a receiving end, comprising:
s1', receiving the decision signaling transmitted by the transmitting terminal; the transmitting terminal receives a broadcast signal of an environmental energy source in a first time period, calculates active energy collection power and passive energy collection power when the broadcast signal is received, compares the active energy collection power with a first threshold power in a second time period, compares the passive energy collection power with a second threshold power, selects a corresponding transmission mode according to a comparison result, and transmits the decision signaling, wherein the first time period and the second time period form a time slot, the first threshold power is the minimum power for triggering an active transmission mode, and the second threshold power is the minimum power for triggering a passive transmission mode;
s2', comparing the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling with the corresponding signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold, so as to generate a feedback signaling and transmit the feedback signaling to the transmitting end;
s3', synthesizing the decision signaling and the feedback signaling to determine the optimal detection mode under the current time slot, wherein the optimal detection mode is an active detection mode or a passive detection mode;
s4', receiving the data symbol sent by the transmitting end, and decoding the data symbol by using the optimal detection mode.
6. The active-passive hybrid communication method according to claim 5, wherein the S2' includes:
when the decision signaling is to select an active transmission mode: if the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling is not less than the signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold of the successfully decoded active signal, the feedback signaling is in an active transmission accepting mode, otherwise, the feedback signaling is in an active transmission rejecting mode;
when the decision signaling is to select a passive transmission mode: and if the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling is not less than the signal to interference plus noise ratio threshold of the successfully decoded passive signal, the feedback signaling is in a passive transmission accepting mode, otherwise, the feedback signaling is in a passive transmission rejecting mode.
7. The active-passive hybrid communication method according to claim 6, wherein when the decision signaling selects the active transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is:
Figure FDA0003379828960000031
when the decision signaling selects the passive transmission mode, the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the decision signaling is as follows:
Figure FDA0003379828960000032
wherein,
Figure FDA0003379828960000041
Figure FDA0003379828960000042
γHto select the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling for the active transmission mode,
Figure FDA0003379828960000043
for the transmit power of the transmitting end in the active transmission mode,
Figure FDA0003379828960000044
for the channel gain from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the active transmission mode, PIIs the transmission power of the interference source,. psi.m,RRepresenting the channel gain, G, from the mth interferer to the receiverT、Gm,I、GRRespectively representing the antenna gains of a transmitting end, an mth interference source and a receiving end,
Figure FDA0003379828960000045
indicating transmission to the transmitting end in active transmission modeWavelength of the signal, λIRepresenting the wavelength of the interference source signal, dm,RIs the spatial distance from the mth interference source to the receiving end, dn,RIs the spatial distance from the nth ambient energy source to the receiving end, dT,RIs the space distance from the transmitting end to the receiving end, sigma is the square root of the variance arithmetic of white Gaussian noise of the receiving end, omega is the ratio of the first time interval in the time slot, PHFor active energy harvesting of power, pHIs a first threshold power, γBTo select the signal to interference plus noise ratio of the decision signaling for the passive transmission mode,
Figure FDA0003379828960000046
is the transmission power of the transmitting end in the passive mode, PreceiveFor the receiving power of the environment energy source signal received by the transmitting terminal, epsilon is the scattering efficiency of the antenna in a backscattering mode, eta is the energy ratio for RF-DC energy conversion, hT,RRepresents the channel gain, h, from the transmitting end to the receiving end in the passive transmission moden,RRepresents the channel gain, λ, from the nth source of ambient energy to the receiverTRepresents the wavelength of the transmitted signal for the transmitting end in the passive transmission mode, phi is the set of environmental energy sources, Gn,SAntenna gain, λ, for the nth source of ambient energySIs the wavelength, P, of the ambient energy source signalSIs the transmitted power of the ambient energy source.
8. The active-passive hybrid communication method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the S1' is preceded by:
averaging the instantaneous power of the multiple active received signals by using a Monte Carlo method to obtain the average instantaneous power of the active received signals, and averaging the instantaneous power of the multiple passive received signals to obtain the average instantaneous power of the passive received signals;
averaging the average instantaneous power of the active received signal and the average instantaneous power of the passive received signal again to obtain a detection threshold;
the S1 'and S2' further comprise: and comparing the instantaneous power of the decision signaling with the detection threshold to determine the transmission mode corresponding to the decision signaling.
9. An active-passive hybrid communication system comprising a transmitting end and a receiving end, wherein the transmitting end performs the active-passive hybrid communication method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and the receiving end performs the active-passive hybrid communication method according to any one of claims 5 to 8.
10. An electronic device, comprising:
a processor;
a memory storing a computer executable program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the active-passive hybrid communication method of any one of claims 1-4 or causes the processor to perform the active-passive hybrid communication method of any one of claims 5-8.
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