CN114204579B - Energy storage output power shaping control method applied to frequency modulation of power system - Google Patents
Energy storage output power shaping control method applied to frequency modulation of power system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
- H02J3/241—The oscillation concerning frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of energy storage output power control of an electric power system, in particular to an energy storage output power shaping control method applied to frequency modulation of the electric power system, which aims at solving the problem that the traditional energy storage is involved in the frequency modulation of a power grid and does not limit an energy storage output form, and provides the following scheme which comprises the following steps: step 1: the mathematical model of the energy storage output device is recorded asThe second-order transfer function of the energy storage output model is obtained, and when the single-area simple system responds to frequency imbalance, a first-order system is arranged; step 2: substituting the simple system calculation in step 1 with two different parametersAndIs represented by the value of (a)，AndThus converting the system frequency response into a first order dynamic model that depends on two control parameters, adjusting the supply capacity of the two parameters to adjust the steady state frequency deviation and the frequency change rate, respectively. Compared with the traditional control mode of energy storage participation in automatic power generation, the control mode of energy storage output shaping has a better control effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy storage output power control of power systems, and relates to a method for restraining and limiting the output of an energy storage system and participating in automatic power generation control (Automatic Generation Control, AGC) of the power system.
Background
With the development of society, the energy safety problem, the ecological environment problem and the climate change problem facing the world are serious more than one day. Aiming at the energy problem, the society is to develop, the consumption of energy is increased continuously, however, the reserve of primary energy on the earth is limited, and the energy is consumed for one day, so that the energy consumption system mainly consuming fossil energy is currently developing new energy, and the consumption proportion of the new energy is changed.
The permeability of the new energy power generation is continuously increased, but the new energy has volatility and uncertainty which cannot be controlled artificially and is greatly influenced by environmental factors. Meanwhile, the operation mode of the current power market is changed, the power market is more and more open, and greater convenience is provided for industrial power and residential power, but the open power market brings difficulty to the stable operation and control of a power system, and the maintenance of the frequency stability becomes a great difficulty.
Based on this, the energy storage system is considered as an important measure for improving the frequency response in the event of a failure because of its excellent buffering capacity and controllability of input and output. The research of the energy storage system in the frequency control of the power system has great significance, is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of new energy, improves the economical efficiency of the load frequency control, and simultaneously ensures that the frequency modulation control effect of the power grid is better.
At present, four occasions and modes exist in which energy storage participates in grid frequency modulation: the energy storage auxiliary control is added into the thermal power generating unit frequency modulation system (2), the energy storage auxiliary frequency modulation system is added into the new energy generating unit frequency modulation system (3), the energy storage system is input into the transmission and distribution network and is independently connected with the grid (4), and the energy storage system is accessed into the power system from the power user. The four occasions and modes of energy storage participation in frequency modulation are researched, but the existing research results mostly consider the State of Charge (SOC) of the energy storage device, and research on how to maintain the SOC is performed so as to reduce the energy storage output as a starting point and prolong the service life of the energy storage device as far as possible, or the traditional energy storage participation in frequency modulation is added with some integral differentiation links so as to improve the frequency modulation effect, so that the output forms of the energy storage device under different conditions are not researched.
The traditional energy storage participation power grid frequency modulation does not limit the energy storage output form, and in some cases, energy waste can be caused, and even the frequency modulation effect can sometimes not reach the expected effect, so according to different conditions of power grid frequency fluctuation, the output form of the energy storage device is limited, so that the effect of the output of the energy storage device on maintaining the stability of the power grid frequency is larger, and the energy storage device is more suitable for the current power market situation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, when the energy storage participates in primary frequency modulation of the power grid, in order to enable the output of the energy storage to be matched with the requirements of a system more so as to achieve a more ideal frequency control effect, the invention provides the auxiliary control for the frequency modulation of the power grid by shaping the power output of the energy storage equipment according to different conditions of system frequency fluctuation, changing the form of the energy storage output.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The energy storage power output shaping control method is characterized by limiting the output form of energy storage and comprises the following steps:
step 1: the mathematical model of the energy storage output device is marked as B(s), and the obtained energy storage output model is marked as a second-order transfer function with the following form:
b 1,B2 and B 3 are system parameters, and when a single-region simple system responds to a frequency imbalance, there is a first order system of the form:
step 2: substituting the simple system in the step1 to calculate:
The values of B 1,B2 and B 3 are represented by the values of two different parameters a and B, which converts the system frequency response into a first order dynamic model that depends on two control parameters, the provision of which are adjusted to adjust the steady state frequency deviation and the rate of change of frequency, respectively.
Step 3: the conditions of system frequency fluctuation are divided into four conditions according to different conditions of system frequency deviation and frequency deviation rate: in the first case, the steady-state frequency deviation and the frequency deviation rate after the system is regulated meet the requirements; in the second case, the frequency change rate is proper after the system is regulated, but the steady-state frequency deviation is overlarge; thirdly, after the system is regulated, the steady-state frequency deviation meets the requirement, but the frequency deviation rate is overlarge; and in the fourth case, the frequency change rate and the steady-state frequency deviation after the system is regulated do not meet the requirements.
Step 4: the four cases in the step 3 already cover all cases of the frequency condition after the self-regulation of the power system, according to the actual situation, the corresponding values of a and B are different for each case, so that the corresponding values of B 1,B2 and B 3 can be obtained, the expected values of the frequency deviation delta omega and the maximum frequency change rate delta omega ∞ are set, and then the energy storage system model after output shaping can be obtained.
Step 5: and the obtained energy storage system model is connected into a thermal power generating unit system, the power grid frequency deviation delta omega is used as the input of the energy storage system, and the frequency modulation effect is improved.
Further, in step 1, it is equivalent to adding an energy storage model to a basic AGC modelThe values of B 1,B2 and B 3 in the mathematical model are pending, then step 2 reduces the model of the frequency response of a single-region system by one form/>The relationship between B 1,B2 and B 3 and a and B can be derived by simple system model derivation.
Further, in the step 3, four conditions are divided according to the condition of frequency fluctuation of the power system, and the four conditions correspond to different values of a and b, so that different energy storage shaping models are obtained.
In the first case, the steady-state frequency deviation and the frequency deviation rate after the system is regulated meet the requirements, and the values of a and b are as follows:
In the second case, the system itself adjusts the frequency change rate appropriately but the steady-state frequency deviation is too large, and the values of a and b are as follows:
In the third case, after the system is regulated, the steady-state frequency deviation meets the requirement, but the frequency deviation rate is overlarge, and at the moment, the values of a and b are as follows:
In the fourth case, the frequency change rate and the steady-state frequency deviation after the system is adjusted do not meet the requirements, and at this time, the values of a and b are as follows:
the four conditions can cover all the conditions of the frequency fluctuation of the power system, different values of a and B are obtained according to different conditions, then the values of B 1,B2 and B 3 can be obtained respectively, and the expected values of the frequency deviation delta omega and the maximum frequency change rate delta omega ∞ are set, so that different energy storage models can be obtained.
Furthermore, according to the energy storage power output shaping control method, a single-region power grid AGC system is selected as an experimental platform, a module in a Simulink in MATLAB is utilized to construct a model of the single-region power grid AGC system containing a thermal power unit, and power grid frequency deviation delta omega is used as input of the energy storage system.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention provides a method for energy storage power output shaping parameter and automatic power generation control (AGC). The traditional energy storage participation in the frequency modulation of the power grid is to add an energy storage system from a frequency deviation end to an output end of a steam turbine by feedback, and the energy storage system participates in the frequency control by utilizing virtual inertia and sagging control so as to reduce the frequency deviation. The traditional mode has a certain effect, but the output quantity of the energy storage system is not controlled or restrained, so that the advantages of the energy storage system are not fully exerted under the condition that the traditional energy storage participates in the frequency modulation mode, and more energy is wasted sometimes. Based on this, the stored output power is shaped and verified with a single area system. MATLAB simulation shows that the control mode for carrying out output shaping on stored energy has better control effect compared with the traditional control mode for participating in automatic power generation control by stored energy.
The control mode of the energy storage in the power grid frequency modulation after the output shaping is adopted in the invention can obviously reduce the frequency deviation and the frequency deviation rate, can quickly enter a steady state, has better control effect, and is more suitable for the current AGC system of the energy storage in the frequency modulation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a simplified system for model derivation;
FIG. 2 single area grid AGC system;
fig. 3 incorporates a single area grid AGC system of a conventional energy storage module;
FIG. 4 shows a single area grid AGC system with an energy storage output shaping module;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the frequency response of an unaddressed energy storage module;
Fig. 6 is a graph of the frequency response of a conventional tank participating AGC;
FIG. 7, a frequency response plot for case one;
FIG. 8, frequency response plot for case two;
fig. 9, frequency response plot for case three;
Fig. 10, case four, frequency response plot;
FIG. 11 is a plot of frequency response versus an unaddressed energy storage module for cases one, three;
FIG. 12 is a plot of frequency response versus an unaddressed energy storage module for cases two and four;
fig. 13 is a graph of frequency response versus conventional energy storage participation AGC for cases one and three;
Fig. 14 is a frequency response graph comparing cases two and four with the conventional energy storage participation AGC;
fig. 15 shows frequency response graphs for cases one, two, three, and four in comparison to conventional stored energy AGC.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide an energy storage output power shaping parameter and power grid primary frequency modulation method which can obviously reduce frequency deviation and frequency deviation rate, can quickly enter a steady state and has a better control effect. The method mainly comprises the following steps: setting an energy storage system which originally participates in frequency modulation as a dynamic model; parameter calculation is carried out according to different conditions of the frequency deviation of the power system, and an energy storage output model under the corresponding condition is obtained; and taking the power grid frequency deviation delta f as the input of the energy storage system, and accessing the deduced energy storage model into the AGC system to participate in frequency modulation.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
Step 1: the mathematical model of the energy storage output device is marked as B(s), and the obtained energy storage output model is marked as a second-order transfer function with the following form:
B 1,B2 and B 3 are system parameters, and when a single-region simple system responds to a frequency imbalance as in fig. 1, there is a first order system of the form:
substitution is calculated as the system of fig. 1:
The values of B 1,B2 and B 3 are represented by the values of two different parameters a and B, which converts the system frequency response into a first order dynamic model that depends on two control parameters, the provision of which are adjusted to adjust the steady state frequency deviation and the rate of change of frequency, respectively.
Step 3: the conditions of system frequency fluctuation are divided into four conditions according to different conditions of system frequency deviation and frequency deviation rate: in the first case, the steady-state frequency deviation and the frequency deviation rate after the system is regulated meet the requirements; in the second case, the frequency change rate is proper after the system is regulated, but the steady-state frequency deviation is overlarge; thirdly, after the system is regulated, the steady-state frequency deviation meets the requirement, but the frequency deviation rate is overlarge; and in the fourth case, the frequency change rate and the steady-state frequency deviation after the system is regulated do not meet the requirements.
Step 4: the above four cases already cover all cases of the frequency conditions after the power system is regulated, according to the actual conditions, the conditions are corresponding to the cases, each condition corresponds to different values of a and B, so that the corresponding values of B 1,B2 and B 3 can be obtained, the expected values of the frequency deviation delta omega and the maximum frequency change rate delta omega ∞ are set, and then the energy storage system model after output shaping can be obtained.
Step 5: and accessing the obtained model into a thermal power generating unit system, wherein the power grid frequency deviation delta omega and the power output delta P of the energy storage equipment are used as the input of the energy storage system, and the frequency modulation effect is improved.
The specific implementation process is as follows:
1. single area AGC system model
Firstly, a basic single-area system is built by utilizing a simulink platform in MATLAB according to mathematical models of all parts of an AGC system. The system consists of a speed regulator, a reheat steam turbine and a generator.
The dynamic process equations of the individual components can be expressed by the following expression:
steam turbine:
A speed regulator:
and a reheating unit:
Deducing a transfer function of the combination of the thermal power medium speed regulator and the reheat steam turbine model as follows:
The transfer function of the generator is:
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a single-region AGC system based thereon.
TABLE 1 parameters Table 1The parameters in this article appearing in the present invention
Table 2 single region AGC model parameters Tabel Single-region AGC model parameters
2. Derivation of energy storage output plastic model
The mathematical model of the energy storage output device is marked as B(s), and the obtained energy storage output model is marked as a second-order transfer function with the following form:
when a single-region simple system responds to a frequency imbalance as in fig. 1, there is a first order system of the form:
Substituting into the system of fig. 1 to calculate:
Then, according to different conditions of the system frequency deviation and the frequency deviation rate, the condition of the system frequency fluctuation is divided into the following four conditions:
in the first case, the steady-state frequency deviation and the frequency deviation rate after the system is regulated meet the requirements, and the values of a and b are as follows:
the energy storage output module after the shaping is pushed out under the condition is as follows:
In the second case, the system itself adjusts the frequency change rate appropriately but the steady-state frequency deviation is too large, and the values of a and b are as follows:
the energy storage output module after the shaping is pushed out under the condition is as follows:
The mathematical model of the battery in the model in this case is a dynamic change, because Δp in the expression will change with the operation of the system, and the expected value of the steady-state frequency deviation we obtain Δω= -0.0053 according to the situation, so two MATLAB functions modules are used in the construction of the simulation model to calculate the variables in the model parameters, and then the superposition process is performed to build the battery energy storage model in this case.
In the third case, after the system is regulated, the steady-state frequency deviation meets the requirement, but the frequency deviation rate is overlarge, and at the moment, the values of a and b are as follows:
the energy storage output module after the shaping is pushed out under the condition is as follows:
The mathematical model of the battery in the model in the case is also a dynamic change, and is the same as the case two, because Δp in the expression changes along with the operation of the system, and the maximum frequency change rate |ω| ∞ of the system is calculated according to the previous simulation result to obtain |ω| ∞ = -0.002, two MATLAB Function modules are adopted in the construction of the simulation model to calculate the variables in the model parameters, and then superposition processing is performed to obtain the model.
In the fourth case, the frequency change rate and the steady-state frequency deviation after the system is adjusted do not meet the requirements, and at this time, the values of a and b are as follows:
the energy storage output module after the shaping is pushed out under the condition is as follows:
case four is the most complex of the four cases, and involves a function value and a function call because Δp, which varies with the system operation, exists among the two parameters. The simulation of case four sets the expected value of the frequency deviation change rate to |ω| ∞ = -0.02, and the expected value of the frequency deviation is still Δω= -0.0053 of case two.
And then, the derived output plastic model is integrated into an AGC system of the thermal power generating unit to participate in frequency modulation. From fig. 5 to fig. 15, it can be seen that the frequency fluctuation of the non-energy storage module is similar to the frequency fluctuation waveform of the first case, and the first case has no effect, and the first case corresponds to that the control of the frequency deviation and the frequency change rate of the system can already meet the requirements, so that the energy storage module is not obviously affected after being connected, and then the strategy of participating in the frequency modulation of the power grid after the energy storage output shaping provided by the invention is found to be obviously improved compared with the strategy of participating in the frequency modulation of the power grid by the traditional energy storage.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The energy storage output power shaping control method applied to the frequency modulation of the power system is characterized by limiting the output form of energy storage, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: the mathematical model of the energy storage output device is marked as B(s), and the obtained energy storage output model is marked as a second-order transfer function with the following form:
B 1,B2 and B 3 are energy storage device parameters, which are equivalent to a first order system of the form:
ω(s)＝-C(s)PL(s) (2)
D＝0
In the above expression: t g1 is the governor time constant; c(s) is a first-order equivalent transfer function of the single-area system; d is a regional load damping coefficient; the frequency response equation of the single-area simple system is as follows:
Step 2: and (3) carrying out calculation on a system frequency response equation of the single-area simple system in the step (1):
B1＝Tg1(a-2H)
B2＝bTg1+a-2H (4)
In the formula (4), except for a and B, the other parameters are system parameters, and the values of a and B are used for representing the values of B 1,B2 and B 3, so that the system frequency response is converted into a first-order dynamic model depending on two control parameters, and the providing capability of the two parameters is adjusted to respectively adjust the steady-state frequency deviation and the frequency change rate;
Step 3: the conditions of system frequency fluctuation are divided into four conditions according to different conditions of system frequency deviation and frequency deviation rate: in the first case, the steady-state frequency deviation and the frequency deviation rate after the system is regulated meet the requirements; in the second case, the frequency change rate is proper after the system is regulated, but the steady-state frequency deviation is overlarge; thirdly, after the system is regulated, the steady-state frequency deviation meets the requirement, but the frequency deviation rate is overlarge; in the fourth case, the frequency change rate and the steady-state frequency deviation after the system is regulated do not meet the requirements;
Step 4: the four conditions already cover all the conditions of the self-regulated frequency condition of the power system, according to the actual conditions, the conditions correspond to the conditions, and each condition corresponds to different values of a and B, so that the corresponding values of B 1,B2 and B 3 can be obtained, the expected values of the frequency deviation delta omega and the maximum frequency change rate delta omega ∞ are set, and then the energy storage system model after the output power shaping can be obtained;
step 5: and the obtained energy storage system model is connected into a thermal power generating unit system, the power grid frequency deviation delta omega is used as the input of the energy storage system, and the frequency modulation effect is improved.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein step 1 is equivalent to adding an energy storage model into a basic AGC model, the mathematical model is thatThe values of B 1,B2 and B 3 are undetermined, and the single-area simple system for frequency response is equivalent to a first-order system, then step 2 is based on the formula (2), and the relationship between B 1,B2 and B 3 and the relationship between a and B can be obtained through the frequency response equation of the single-area simple system.
3. The method is characterized in that step 3 is divided into four cases according to the frequency fluctuation of the power system, the four cases correspond to different values of a and b, and the different values of a and b obtain different energy storage shaping models;
in the first case, the steady-state frequency deviation and the frequency deviation rate after the system is regulated meet the requirements, and the values of a and b are as follows:
a＝2H
In the second case, the system itself adjusts the frequency change rate appropriately but the steady-state frequency deviation is too large, and the values of a and b are as follows:
a＝2H
In the third case, after the system is regulated, the steady-state frequency deviation meets the requirement, but the frequency deviation rate is overlarge, and at the moment, the values of a and b are as follows:
In the fourth case, the frequency change rate and the steady-state frequency deviation after the system is adjusted do not meet the requirements, and at this time, the values of a and b are as follows:
The four conditions can cover all the conditions of the frequency fluctuation of the power system, different values of a and B are obtained according to different conditions, then the values of B 1,B2 and B 3 can be obtained respectively, and the expected values of the frequency deviation delta omega and the maximum frequency change rate delta omega ∞ are set, so that the energy storage model applicable to different conditions can be obtained.
4. The energy storage output power shaping control method according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in that a single-region power grid AGC system is selected as an experimental platform, a module in a Simulink in MATLAB is utilized to construct a model of the single-region power grid AGC system, and power grid frequency deviation delta omega is used as input of energy storage equipment.
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