CN114204283A - Decoupling method based on decoupling matrix - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a decoupling method, a device, equipment and a storage medium based on a decoupling matrix. According to experimental measurement, after decoupling is carried out by using a decoupling matrix, different frequencies are used as carriers, direction-finding errors in a darkroom are within +/-1 degrees, errors caused by antenna coupling are effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the complexity of a circuit structure and the equipment cost are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of antenna communication technologies, and in particular, to a decoupling method and apparatus based on a decoupling matrix, a computer device, and a storage medium.
Background
When an antenna array is used to transmit and receive wireless signals, in order to avoid coupling between antennas, the spacing between antennas is usually made to be exactly equal to a half wavelength, and coupling signals between antennas are cancelled by interference. However, in product applications, an antenna array may be used to transmit and receive signals of multiple frequencies. For example, in LTE, the possible signal frequency is up to 2.4G, and 700M is the lowest. When the antenna interval is less than half wavelength, the influence caused by coupling between the antennas is rapidly increased; too large an antenna spacing will also cause coupling on the one hand and increase the volume of the device on the other hand.
In order to adapt to various frequencies without changing the antenna interval, a common solution is to cascade a decoupling circuit behind the antenna, and to decouple the antenna signal by adding hardware. The method has good applicability and good effect in most scenes, but has the defect that the hardware cost and the circuit complexity are greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a decoupling method and device based on a decoupling matrix, computer equipment and a storage medium, aiming at reducing hardware cost and circuit complexity while ensuring small antenna interval in antenna array equipment.
To this end, a first object of the present invention is to provide a decoupling matrix-based decoupling method, including:
setting an antenna array, and acquiring antenna data generated by the antenna array in different states by adjusting the state of the antenna array;
obtaining correlation matrixes corresponding to different states and array manifold matrixes in all states based on antenna data generated by antenna arrays in different states, and determining a secondary eigenvector matrix formed by secondary eigenvectors of the correlation matrixes corresponding to each state based on the correlation matrixes;
performing kronecker product operation on the array manifold matrix to obtain an expanded matrix corresponding to the array manifold matrix, and calculating to obtain a coupling matrix through the expanded matrix and the secondary characteristic vector matrix;
and determining a decoupling matrix corresponding to the antenna array based on the coupling matrix so as to decouple the antenna array according to the decoupling matrix.
In the step of adjusting the state of the antenna array, the mode of adjusting the state is to adjust the signal receiving angle of the antenna array;
the signal receiving angles of the antenna array comprise a horizontal direction angle and a vertical direction angle;
the angle of the horizontal direction takes 5 degrees as an interval, and antenna data acquisition is carried out from minus 50 degrees to plus 50 degrees;
the vertical direction angle takes 5 degrees as an interval, and the antenna data acquisition is carried out from minus 40 degrees to plus 40 degrees.
Wherein, based on each sampling angle, antenna data a of a certain period is acquired0,ɑ1,ɑ2,ɑ3,...,ɑn]TThen the correlation matrix corresponding to the sampling angle is expressed as:
whereinɑ HTo representɑThe conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
expression of alphaiConjugation of (1); n is the number of antennas;
When the antenna arrays are dual-channel receivers, only the received data of two antenna arrays can be obtained at the same time, and then the complete measurement of the antenna data comprises
Secondary measurement, where ai,j＝[ɑi,ɑj]T，
At the same time
And obtaining a correlation matrix under the corresponding sampling angle according to the measurement result of different antenna array combinations.
And after the eigenvector with the largest eigenvalue is removed, the remaining eigenvector is the secondary eigenvector, and the formed matrix is the secondary eigenvector matrix.
In the step of calculating the coupling matrix through the expansion matrix and the secondary feature vector matrix, the expansion matrix formula is expressed as follows:
Si＝kron(eye(4)，Svi)
wherein eye (4) is a unit array with the size of 4, and kron is a function for calculating a Kronecker product; sviIs an array manifold matrix;
the coupling matrix is then formulated as:
Neiis a secondary eigenvector matrix.
In the step of determining the decoupling matrix corresponding to the antenna array based on the coupling matrix, after inverting G, a matrix Ginv is obtained, the first column vector of the matrix Ginv is taken to be normalized, and the matrix Ginv is sequentially filled into the N × N matrix, namely the decoupling matrix used finally.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a decoupling device based on decoupling matrix, which includes:
the data acquisition module is used for setting the antenna array and acquiring antenna data generated by the antenna array in different states by adjusting the state of the antenna array;
the first calculation module is used for obtaining correlation matrixes corresponding to different states and array manifold matrixes in all states based on antenna data generated by the antenna arrays in different states, and determining a secondary feature vector matrix consisting of secondary feature vectors of the correlation matrixes corresponding to each state based on the correlation matrixes;
the second calculation module is used for carrying out kronecker product operation on the array manifold matrix to obtain an expanded matrix corresponding to the array manifold matrix, and calculating to obtain a coupling matrix through the expanded matrix and the secondary characteristic vector matrix;
and the decoupling module is used for determining a decoupling matrix corresponding to the antenna array based on the coupling matrix and is used for decoupling the antenna array.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the method according to the foregoing technical solution.
A fourth object of the invention is to propose a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, which computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method of the aforementioned technical solution.
Different from the prior art, the decoupling method based on the decoupling matrix provided by the invention measures the antenna data corresponding to different incidence angles under the condition of not adding decoupling processing in a darkroom in advance, and calculates the corresponding decoupling matrix according to the measured data for decoupling the measured data in formal measurement. According to experimental measurement, after decoupling is carried out by using a decoupling matrix, different frequencies are used as carriers, direction-finding errors in a darkroom are within +/-1 degrees, errors caused by antenna coupling are effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the complexity of a circuit structure and the equipment cost are reduced.
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The invention and/or additional aspects and advantages will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a decoupling method based on a decoupling matrix according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a decoupling device based on a decoupling matrix according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a decoupling method based on a decoupling matrix according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method comprises the following steps:
step 101, setting an antenna array, and acquiring antenna data generated by the antenna array in different states by adjusting the state of the antenna array.
When the decoupling matrix of the antenna array is measured and calculated, the antenna array is placed in a darkroom and fixed in the center of a rotary table, and the antenna array rotates along with the rotary table; the rotation angle of the turntable is adjusted to enable the antenna array to be in different states, and in other embodiments of the invention, the rotation angle of the antenna array in the vertical direction may also be adjusted. In this embodiment, the antenna array receives the antenna signal at the specified incident angle by adjusting the turntable, so as to obtain the antenna data in the state corresponding to the incident angle.
The signal receiving angles of the antenna array comprise a horizontal direction angle and a vertical direction angle; the angle of the horizontal direction takes 5 degrees as an interval, and antenna data acquisition is carried out from minus 50 degrees to plus 50 degrees; the vertical direction angle takes 5 degrees as an interval, and the antenna data acquisition is carried out from minus 40 degrees to plus 40 degrees.
The antenna array related to the embodiment of the invention is a four-antenna array and a double-channel receiver, a decoupling matrix in the horizontal direction is measured and calculated, a measured angle set is selected to be sampled from minus 50 degrees to plus 50 degrees, 21 angle values are obtained by taking 5 degrees as intervals, and antenna data corresponding to the 21 angle values are collected.
And 102, obtaining correlation matrixes corresponding to different states and array manifold matrixes in all states based on antenna data generated by the antenna arrays in different states, and determining a secondary eigenvector matrix formed by secondary eigenvectors of the correlation matrixes corresponding to each state based on the correlation matrixes.
If antenna data alpha is obtained at a certain moment alpha0,ɑ1,ɑ2,ɑ3,...,ɑn]TThen, the correlation matrix corresponding to the time is:
whereinɑ HTo representɑThe conjugate transpose of (a) is performed,
to representɑiConjugation of (1); n is the number of antennas;
Because a dual-channel receiver is used, only two antennas can be simultaneously received, and for a 4-antenna array, a complete set of measurement data should include 6 measurements, which are alpha respectively0,1,ɑ0,2,ɑ0,3,ɑ1,1,ɑ1,3,ɑ2,3Wherein alphai,j＝[ɑi,ɑj]TAt the same time have
Therefore, according to the measurement results of 6 different antenna combinations, under the approximate assumption that the channel is kept stable for a short time, a correlation matrix corresponding to the time can be obtained, and is represented as Ryi[4][4]。
The matrix formed by the correlation matrixes of different angles reflects the signals actually received by the antenna, the array manifold matrix Sv corresponds to the signals theoretically received by the antenna, and the decoupling matrix describes the corresponding relation between the two matrixes. For the same data, different decoupling matrixes can be calculated by different methods, and a good decoupling matrix can well appear on a measured angle and can also keep a good decoupling effect on other unmeasured angles.
Decomposing the eigenvalue of the correlation matrix, sorting the eigenvectors in descending order according to the corresponding eigenvalue size, removing the eigenvector with the largest eigenvalue, taking the rest eigenvectors as secondary eigenvectors, and taking the formed matrix as a secondary eigenvector matrix Nei[3][4]。
And 103, performing kronecker product operation on the array manifold matrix to obtain an expanded matrix corresponding to the array manifold matrix, and calculating to obtain a coupling matrix through the expanded matrix and the secondary characteristic vector matrix.
Since the sampling angles are 21 in total and are more than 4 x 4, all elements of the coupling matrix can be regarded as variables, and therefore the expansion matrix S corresponding to the manifold of the array is obtainedi[16][4]Expressed as:
Si＝kron(eye(4)，Svi)
wherein eye (4) is a unit array with the size of 4, and kron is a function for calculating a Kronecker product; sviIs an array manifold matrix; svi is the ith column vector of the array manifold matrix Sv, which is a 4 x 1 vector. After the vector and the unit matrix with the size of 4 are subjected to Kronecker product, a matrix of 16 x 4 is obtained. The specific calculation form can refer to a calculation method of a Kronecker product.
Calculating a coupling matrix G
NeiIs a secondary eigenvector matrix.
Each of which represents a numerical relationship between the secondary eigenvector of the corresponding angle caused by coupling and the theoretical received value (array manifold vector).
And 104, determining a decoupling matrix corresponding to the antenna array based on the coupling matrix, so as to decouple the antenna array according to the decoupling matrix.
And after inverting G, obtaining a matrix Ginv, normalizing the first column of vectors, and sequentially filling the normalized vectors into the matrix N x N, namely the decoupling matrix used finally.
In the patent, in order to avoid the phenomenon that the decoupling matrix generates overfitting, a mechanism for dynamically selecting the variable number is introduced, and the variable number is selected in a self-adaptive manner according to the number of sampling angles. When the measured angle is more, taking N × N elements of the coupling matrix as variables; when the measured angle is reduced, the element is forced to be zero according to the distance of the main diagonal, namely, no coupling effect exists between the two antennas corresponding to the task. By flexibly selecting the variable quantity, the quantity of the independent variables is ensured to be less than the equation quantity, so that the phenomenon of over-coincidence is avoided, and the generalization capability of the decoupling matrix is improved.
In order to implement the embodiment, the present invention further provides a decoupling device based on a decoupling matrix, as shown in fig. 2, including:
the data acquisition module 310 is configured to set an antenna array, and acquire antenna data generated by the antenna array in different states by adjusting states of the antenna array;
a first calculating module 320, configured to obtain correlation matrices corresponding to different states and array manifold matrices in all states based on antenna data generated by antenna arrays in different states, and determine a secondary eigenvector matrix formed by secondary eigenvectors of the correlation matrices corresponding to each state based on the correlation matrices;
the second calculation module 330 is configured to perform kronecker product operation on the array manifold matrix to obtain an expanded matrix corresponding to the array manifold matrix, and calculate to obtain a coupling matrix through the expanded matrix and the secondary feature vector matrix;
and the decoupling module 340 determines a decoupling matrix of the corresponding antenna array based on the coupling matrix, and is used for decoupling the antenna array.
To implement the embodiments, the present invention also proposes another computer device, including: a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the decoupling according to the embodiments of the invention when executing the computer program.
As shown in fig. 3, the non-transitory computer readable storage medium includes a memory 810 of instructions executable by a processor 820 of a decoupling device to perform a method, an interface 830. Alternatively, the storage medium may be a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, for example, the non-transitory computer readable storage medium may be a ROM, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a CD-ROM, a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, and the like.
To achieve the described embodiments, the invention also proposes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the decoupling according to the embodiments of the invention.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, a schematic representation of the terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing steps of a custom logic function or process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the described embodiments, various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps carried by the method implementing the embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the program, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
The mentioned storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive, and that those skilled in the art may make changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A decoupling matrix based decoupling method, comprising:
setting an antenna array, and acquiring antenna data generated by the antenna array in different states by adjusting the state of the antenna array;
obtaining correlation matrixes corresponding to different states and array manifold matrixes in all states based on antenna data generated by antenna arrays in different states, and determining a secondary eigenvector matrix formed by secondary eigenvectors of the correlation matrixes corresponding to each state based on the correlation matrixes;
performing kronecker product operation on the array manifold matrix to obtain an extended matrix corresponding to the array manifold matrix, and calculating to obtain a coupling matrix through the extended matrix and the secondary feature vector matrix;
and determining a decoupling matrix corresponding to the antenna array based on the coupling matrix so as to decouple the antenna array according to the decoupling matrix.
2. The decoupling matrix-based decoupling method of claim 1, wherein in the step of adjusting the state of the antenna array, the state is adjusted by adjusting a signal reception angle of the antenna array;
the signal receiving angles of the antenna array comprise a horizontal direction angle and a vertical direction angle;
the angle of the horizontal direction takes 5 degrees as an interval, and antenna data acquisition is carried out from minus 50 degrees to plus 50 degrees;
the vertical direction angle takes 5 degrees as an interval, and the antenna data acquisition is carried out from minus 40 degrees to plus 40 degrees.
3. The decoupling matrix-based decoupling method of claim 2, wherein the antenna data a α ═ α is acquired for a period based on each sampling angle0,ɑ1,ɑ2,ɑ3,...,ɑn]TThen the correlation matrix corresponding to the sampling angle is expressed as:
wherein alphaHThe conjugate transpose of a is denoted,
expression of alphaiConjugation of (1); n is the number of antennas;
4. The decoupling matrix-based decoupling method of claim 3 wherein if the antenna arrays are dual channel receivers and only two of the antenna arrays can be simultaneously acquired, then completely measuring the antenna data comprises
Secondary measurement, where ai,j＝[ɑi,ɑj]T，
At the same time
And obtaining a correlation matrix under the corresponding sampling angle according to the measurement result of different antenna array combinations.
5. The decoupling matrix-based decoupling method of claim 1, wherein eigenvalue decomposition is performed on the correlation matrix, and the eigenvectors are sorted in descending order according to the corresponding eigenvalue size, after the eigenvector with the largest eigenvalue is removed, the remaining eigenvectors are secondary eigenvectors, and the constituent matrix is the secondary eigenvector matrix.
6. The decoupling method based on the decoupling matrix as claimed in claim 4, wherein the kronecker product operation is performed on the array manifold matrix to obtain the expanded matrix corresponding to the array manifold matrix, and in the step of obtaining the coupling matrix through calculation by using the expanded matrix and the secondary eigenvector matrix, the expanded matrix formula is represented as:
Si＝kron(eye(4)，Svi)
wherein eye (4) is a unit array with the size of 4, and kron is a function for calculating a Kronecker product; sviIs an array manifold matrix;
the coupling matrix is then formulated as:
Neiis a secondary eigenvector matrix.
7. The decoupling matrix-based decoupling method of claim 6, wherein in the step of determining the decoupling matrix corresponding to the antenna array based on the coupling matrix, after inverting G, a matrix Ginv is obtained, a first column vector thereof is taken to be normalized, and the matrix Ginv is sequentially filled into an N x N matrix, which is the decoupling matrix used last.
8. A decoupling matrix based decoupling device, comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for setting the antenna array and acquiring antenna data generated by the antenna array in different states by adjusting the state of the antenna array;
the first calculation module is used for obtaining correlation matrixes corresponding to different states and array manifold matrixes in all states based on antenna data generated by the antenna arrays in different states, and determining a secondary eigenvector matrix formed by secondary eigenvectors of the correlation matrixes corresponding to each state based on the correlation matrixes;
the second calculation module is used for carrying out kronecker product operation on the array manifold matrix to obtain an expansion matrix corresponding to the array manifold matrix, and calculating to obtain a coupling matrix through the expansion matrix and the secondary feature vector matrix;
and the decoupling module is used for determining a decoupling matrix corresponding to the antenna array based on the coupling matrix and is used for decoupling the antenna array.
9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, the processor implementing the method of any one of claims 1-7 when executing the computer program.
10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 1-7.
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