CN114428225B - Multi-radiation source arrival angle measuring method and device based on quasi-matched filtering - Google Patents

Multi-radiation source arrival angle measuring method and device based on quasi-matched filtering Download PDF

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CN114428225B
CN114428225B CN202210353702.2A CN202210353702A CN114428225B CN 114428225 B CN114428225 B CN 114428225B CN 202210353702 A CN202210353702 A CN 202210353702A CN 114428225 B CN114428225 B CN 114428225B
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signal
quasi
pulse
digital
radiation sources
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CN114428225A (en
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沈志博
朱全江
王浩丞
唐勇
刘俊
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CETC 29 Research Institute
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/143—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction by vectorial combination of signals derived from differently oriented antennae
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
    • G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/46—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems
    • G01S3/48—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using antennas spaced apart and measuring phase or time difference between signals therefrom, i.e. path-difference systems the waves arriving at the antennas being continuous or intermittent and the phase difference of signals derived therefrom being measured

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring the arrival angle of multiple radiation sources based on quasi-matched filtering, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first signal received by an antenna array; the first signal is a synthetic signal of electromagnetic pulses radiated by a plurality of homotype radiation sources in space; amplifying, filtering, down-converting and analog-to-digital converting the first signal to obtain a first digital signal; obtaining a reconstructed sample signal of the first digital signal according to the pulse leading edge detection and the full pulse parameter measurement; obtaining a weighted phase discrimination result according to the reconstructed sample signal and the quasi-matched filtering processing; and obtaining the arrival angles of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the plurality of radiation sources according to the weighted phase discrimination result. The invention can carry out direction finding on signals simultaneously arriving by a plurality of radiation sources of the same type, the direction finding performance is not influenced by the number of the radiation sources under the condition of limited number of array elements, and the correct direction finding can be carried out under the condition that the number of the array elements is less than or equal to the number of the radiation sources.

Description

Multi-radiation source arrival angle measuring method and device based on quasi-matched filtering
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of array signal processing, in particular to a multi-radiation-source arrival angle measuring method and device based on quasi-matched filtering.
Background
The traditional interferometer direction finding measures the arrival angle of a signal by utilizing the phase difference of the same signal received by each array element of an array antenna. The traditional phase interferometer direction finding method can only measure the arrival angle of a single radiation source. For a multi-radiation source scene, because the baseline phase difference can only reflect the synthesized phase center information, the interferometer direction finding method cannot obtain a correct arrival angle measurement result.
The conventional array direction finding algorithm is mainly represented by a Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) method. The existing MUSIC direction-finding algorithm decomposes the characteristic value of an array received data covariance matrix and utilizes a signal subspace and a noise subspace
Figure 729844DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The orthogonality of the spectrum is obtained through an angle searching process, and the position of the maximum value of the spectrum peak corresponds to the arrival angle of the signal.
The MUSIC algorithm can measure the arrival angles of a plurality of radiation sources, but theoretically
Figure 473809DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
At most, each array element can only measure
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
The arrival angles of the radiation sources are more, the performance of the MUSIC algorithm is more obviously reduced when the number of the radiation sources is more than or equal to the number of the array elements, and the MUSIC algorithm is completely ineffective when the number of the radiation sources is more than or equal to the number of the array elements.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for measuring an arrival angle of multiple radiation sources based on quasi-matched filtering, which can perform direction finding on signals arriving from multiple radiation sources at the same time, and under the condition that the number of array elements is limited, the direction finding performance is not affected by the number of radiation sources, and can perform correct direction finding under the condition that the number of array elements is less than or equal to the number of radiation sources.
The invention discloses a multi-radiation source arrival angle measuring method based on quasi-matched filtering, which comprises the following steps of:
step 1, acquiring a first signal received by an antenna array; the first signal is a synthetic signal of electromagnetic pulses radiated by a plurality of homotype radiation sources in space;
step 2, amplifying, filtering, down-converting and analog-to-digital converting the first signal to obtain a first digital signal;
step 3, obtaining a reconstructed sample signal of the first digital signal according to pulse leading edge detection and full pulse parameter measurement;
step 4, obtaining a weighted phase discrimination result according to the reconstructed sample signal and the quasi-matched filtering processing;
and 5, obtaining the arrival angles of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the plurality of radiation sources according to the weighted phase discrimination result.
Optionally, step 1 specifically includes:
Assuming existence in space
Figure 320543DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The same type radiation source has the same signal characteristic parameters, and the electromagnetic pulse signal waveform of the radiation is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
(1)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 122887DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
which represents a rectangular pulse of the shape of the square,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
it is shown that the width of the pulse,
Figure 55071DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
represents the chirp rate;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
delay exists on the time sequence of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the radiation sources of the same type; based on the arrival time of the leading edge of the first radiation source pulse, then
Figure 337148DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
The arrival time of the leading edge of each radiation source pulse is delayed by
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
；
Antenna array composed of
Figure 22076DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The antenna is composed of antennas, and the array receives
Figure 528144DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The composite signal of the spatial superposition of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the individual radiation sources is represented by
Figure 947624DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
(2)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
is shown as
Figure 282659DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
The number of pulses of the radiation source is,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
representing a transmission delay; received by an antenna array
Figure 838405DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Electromagnetic pulse signal radiated by radiation source of same type
Figure 249795DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Is regarded as a signal
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
A sum signal of different delays superimposed
Figure 140260DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Electromagnetic pulse signal radiated by radiation source of same type
Figure 295297DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Is the first signal.
Optionally, step 2 specifically includes:
first signal
Figure 236709DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Amplifying and filtering the signals by a microwave front end, converting the signals into intermediate frequency signals by a down-conversion component, and finally performing multi-channel digital acquisition on the signals by a multi-channel digital acquisition module
Figure 819000DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
Performing digital sampling to obtain a first digital signal
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
，
Figure 213072DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
With a sampling period of
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
The sampling length is
Figure 627260DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
。
Optionally, step 3 specifically includes:
Using short-time Fourier transform to the first digital signal
Figure 423178DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Carrying out time-frequency analysis on the signals, and measuring to obtain a pulse width, a frequency modulation bandwidth and a frequency modulation mode; due to differences in time delay, sum signal
Figure 176370DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Can be a single signal, taking the leading edge of the pulse
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Digital sampling signal in time as digital sample of leading edge pulse signal
Figure 41427DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
For the sample signal
Figure 272688DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
Estimating the chirp rate by short time Fourier transform
Figure 923112DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
And combining the first digital signals
Figure 847206DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Measuring the signal to obtain a reconstructed sample signal
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
。
Optionally, step 4 includes:
step 41, constructing a quasi-matched filtering function according to the reconstructed sample signal, and performing quasi-matched filtering processing on the received signal of each channel;
and 42, outputting a result according to the quasi-matched filtering of each channel, and performing filtering peak value detection and phase discrimination processing to obtain a weighted phase discrimination result.
Optionally, step 41 specifically includes:
from reconstructed sample signals
Figure 199559DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Selecting a quasi-matched filter function
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Then the first digital signal passes through a quasi-matched filter
Figure 703352DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
The latter output is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
(3)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 457551DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
passing the first digital signal through a quasi-matched filter
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
And outputting the result.
Optionally, step 42 specifically includes:
when in use
Figure 21387DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
When the filtering output reaches the peak value
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
Figure 598387DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
(4)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 437030DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
in order to be the first digital signal, the first digital signal is,
Figure 62046DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
a quasi-matched filter;
selected in each filtered output peak
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
The maximum value points are respectively subjected to phase discrimination, and then the phase discrimination result is subjected to weighting processing;
order to
Figure 62363DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
，
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
，
Figure 123729DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
Is shown as
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
A signal is
Figure 234904DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
A base line
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
A phase difference of
Figure 698116DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
Is shown as
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
(5)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 869334DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
is shown as
Figure 699887DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Base ofThread
Figure 880332DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
To go to
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
Selected from signal filtering peaks
Figure 198050DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
The phase discrimination result of the maximum value point,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
is a phase discrimination weighting coefficient.
Optionally, step 5 specifically includes:
by the least square method of formula (6), obtaining
Figure 540170DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
The angle-of-arrival measurements of the individual signals,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
(6)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 326860DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
is as follows
Figure 297615DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
The angle-of-arrival measurements of the individual signals,
Figure 17309DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
is as follows
Figure 795909DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
The number of the base lines is one,
Figure 601054DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
is as follows
Figure 123302DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
A signal is at
Figure 946771DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
The phase difference of (3).
The invention also discloses a multi-radiation source arrival angle measuring device based on quasi-matched filtering, which comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a first signal received by the antenna array; the first signal is a synthetic signal of electromagnetic pulses radiated by a plurality of homotype radiation sources in space;
the processing module is used for carrying out amplification, filtering, down-conversion and analog-to-digital conversion processing on the first signal to obtain a first digital signal;
the reconstruction module is used for obtaining a reconstructed sample signal of the first digital signal according to the pulse leading edge detection and the full pulse parameter measurement;
The phase demodulation module is used for obtaining a weighted phase demodulation result according to the reconstructed sample signal and the quasi-matched filtering processing;
and the calculation module is used for obtaining the arrival angles of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the plurality of radiation sources according to the weighted phase discrimination result.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages: compared with the conventional interferometer direction finding and MUSIC super-resolution direction finding methods, the method can be used for carrying out direction finding on signals arriving from multiple radiation sources at the same time, the direction finding performance is not influenced by the number of the radiation sources under the condition that the number of the array elements is limited, and correct direction finding can be carried out under the condition that the number of the array elements is less than or equal to the number of the radiation sources. The hardware condition required by the method is the same as that of the conventional interferometer direction finding, and compared with the conventional interferometer direction finding method, the calculated amount is only increased by quasi-matched filtering processing and is far lower than that of the MUSIC super-resolution direction finding method.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments described in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings may be obtained according to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional interferometer direction finding principle in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a method for measuring an angle of arrival of multiple radiation sources based on quasi-matched filtering according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating timing relationships of electromagnetic pulse signals from multiple radiation sources according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an angle of arrival measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a quasi-matched filtering result according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a root mean square error measurement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the comparison result between the conventional interferometer and MUSIC method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, it being understood that the examples described are only some of the examples and are not intended to limit the invention to the embodiments described herein. All other embodiments available to those of ordinary skill in the art are intended to be within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
The conventional interferometer direction finding measures the arrival angle of a signal by using the phase difference of the same signal received by each array element of an array antenna, as shown in fig. 1, the basic principle is briefly described as follows:
Far field signal in space at angle of arrival
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
Incident on the array, with signals from the elements in
Figure 365114DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
The blurred phase difference within the interval can be expressed as:
Figure 391975DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
(1)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
for the length of each base line,
Figure 701603DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
as to the wavelength of the signal, is,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
，
Figure 333573DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
is a constant number of times, and is,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
is the signal frequency. And correcting the ambiguity resolution and the phase by using the phase relation of the long baseline and the short baseline so as to obtain the arrival angle of the signal.
The traditional phase interferometer direction finding method can only measure the arrival angle of a single radiation source. For a multi-radiation source scene, because the baseline phase difference can only reflect the synthesized phase center information, the interferometer direction finding method cannot obtain a correct arrival angle measurement result.
The conventional array direction finding algorithm is mainly represented by a Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) method.
For in space
Figure 188396DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
The individual far-field signals are incident on the array,
Figure 951822DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
array of time of day receiving data
Figure 81452DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Comprises the following steps:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
(2)
in the formula
Figure 833507DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
The flow pattern of the array is shown,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
which represents a vector of the steering of the signal,
Figure 99710DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
is shown as
Figure 101164DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
The angle of arrival of the individual signals,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
in the form of a vector of signals,
Figure 503327DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
is a noise vector.
The existing MUSIC direction-finding algorithm decomposes the characteristic value of an array received data covariance matrix and utilizes a signal subspace and a noise subspace
Figure 641047DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The orthogonality of the spectrum is obtained through an angle search process, the position of the maximum value of the spectrum peak corresponds to the arrival angle of the signal, and the calculation formula of the spectrum peak search is as follows
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
(3)
The MUSIC algorithm can measure the arrival angles of a plurality of radiation sources, but theoretically
Figure 86941DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
At most, each array element can only measure
Figure 310112DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Angle of arrival of the radiation source, pairUnder the condition that the number of the array elements is limited, the performance of the MUSIC algorithm is obviously reduced when the number of the radiation sources is more, and the MUSIC algorithm is completely failed when the number of the radiation sources is more than or equal to the number of the array elements.
In view of the foregoing, the following embodiments are provided to facilitate understanding of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
referring to fig. 2, the present invention provides an embodiment of a quasi-matched filtering based multiple radiation source angle-of-arrival measurement method, comprising the steps of:
s1, acquiring a first signal received by the antenna array; the first signal is a synthetic signal of electromagnetic pulses radiated by a plurality of homotype radiation sources in space;
s2, amplifying, filtering, down-converting and carrying out analog-to-digital conversion processing on the first signal to obtain a first digital signal;
s3, obtaining a reconstructed sample signal of the first digital signal according to the pulse leading edge detection and the full pulse parameter measurement;
S4, obtaining a weighted phase discrimination result according to the reconstructed sample signal and the quasi-matched filtering processing;
and S5, obtaining the arrival angles of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the plurality of radiation sources according to the weighted phase discrimination result.
Specifically, the specific implementation steps of this embodiment are as follows:
due to the difference of transmission paths, the time of reaching the receiving antenna array also has difference, and the electromagnetic pulses of the multiple radiation sources have incomplete coincidence. Assuming existence in space
Figure 515965DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The same type radiation source has the same signal characteristic parameters, and the electromagnetic pulse signal waveform of the radiation is
Figure 773771DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
(4)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 921725DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
which represents a rectangular pulse that is,
Figure 632192DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
it is shown that the width of the pulse,
Figure 641736DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
indicating the chirp rate.
Figure 19628DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The timing relationship of electromagnetic pulse signals for individual homogeneous radiation sources can be represented by fig. 3. Based on the arrival time of the leading edge of the first radiation source pulse
Figure 823636DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
The arrival time of the leading edge of each radiation source pulse is delayed by
Figure 536246DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
。
Antenna array composed of
Figure 83902DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The antenna is composed of antennas, and the array receives
Figure 316300DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The composite signal of the spatial superposition of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the radiation sources can be expressed as
Figure 291209DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
(5)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 241848DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
is shown as
Figure 845392DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
The number of pulses of the radiation source is,
Figure 932296DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
representing the transmission delay. As can be seen from equation (4), the antenna array receives
Figure 343686DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Electromagnetic pulse signal radiated by radiation source of same type
Figure 516042DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Can be regarded as a signal
Figure 405500DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
A sum signal formed by the superposition of different delays. Signal
Figure 596179DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Amplifying and filtering the signals by a microwave front end, converting the signals into intermediate frequency signals by a down-conversion component, and finally performing multi-channel digital acquisition on the signals by a multi-channel digital acquisition module
Figure 178470DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
Digital sampling is performed (sampling period is
Figure 572542DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
The sampling length is
Figure 265692DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
) To obtain a digital signal
Figure 327189DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
，
Figure 329649DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
. Using STFT (short time Fourier transform) pairs
Figure 476596DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
And carrying out time-frequency analysis on the signals, and measuring to obtain information such as pulse width, frequency modulation bandwidth, frequency modulation mode and the like. Due to differences in time delay, the sum signal is typically
Figure 707857DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
The leading edge of the pulse is a single signal, and the leading edge of the pulse is taken
Figure 358282DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Digital sampling signal in time as digital sample of leading edge pulse signal
Figure 547954DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
，
Figure 165886DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
For the sample signal
Figure 466418DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
Estimation of chirp slope by STFT
Figure 971348DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
And a combined pair
Figure 331923DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Measuring the signal to form a sample signal
Figure 187883DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
。
Figure 26526DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
Is to
Figure 903740DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The reconstruction result of the signal in the digital domain can be approximately regarded as
Figure 169636DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
After digital sampling of the signal
Figure 512893DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
The signal waveforms match. Selecting a quasi-matched filter function
Figure 155227DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
The signal passes through a quasi-matched filter
Figure 900329DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
The latter output is
Figure 586394DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
(6)
When in use
Figure 416947DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
When the filtering output reaches the peak value
Figure 331813DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
Figure 931422DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
(7)
As can be seen from the formula (7),
Figure 804700DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
passing through a quasi-matched filter
Figure 106237DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
After that, the air conditioner is started to work,
Figure 824794DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
because the arrival time of the electromagnetic pulse signals of each radiation source is different, the signals on each antenna are filtered at different time delays in the time domain to output arrival peaks, and therefore the signals can be output through quasi-matched filtering of each antenna on the array
Figure 544489DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
A peak value realization pair
Figure 323089DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
And detecting electromagnetic pulse signals of the radiation sources.
Due to the fact that
Figure 111922DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
The different time delays of the quasi-matched filtering output peak value corresponding signals of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the radiation sources on each antenna on the time domain, so the number of the radiation sources
Figure 899750DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The number of array elements of the array antenna is not limited
Figure 208371DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Can be at
Figure 423452DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
Under the condition of (2) to realize the correct measurement of the arrival angle of each radiation source signal. To the array
Figure 184734DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Filtered output on a single antenna
Figure 776253DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
The peak values are respectively processed by phase discrimination to obtain
Figure 191578DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
A signal is at
Figure 311981DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Phase difference of each base line on each antenna. Due to quasi-matched filter function
Figure 91718DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
To do so
Figure 955769DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
Is to use the parameter measurement result pair
Figure 238983DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
The result of the reconstruction of the signal in the digital domain, and indeed
Figure 45133DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The waveform after signal digital sampling has certain reconstruction error compared with that of the waveform
Figure 46588DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Multiple extrema may occur in the quasi-matched filtered output peaks of the individual signals. Selected in each filtered output peak
Figure 448750DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
And (4) respectively demodulating the phase of the maximum value points, and then weighting the demodulation result. Order to
Figure 852050DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
，
Figure 579834DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
，
Figure 786693DEST_PATH_IMAGE092
Denotes the first
Figure 523705DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
A signal of
Figure 515932DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
A base line
Figure 414618DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
A phase difference of (3) then
Figure 125085DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
Can be expressed as
Figure 383897DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
(8)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 496209DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
is shown as
Figure 565796DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
A base line
Figure 763560DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
To go to
Figure 576795DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Selected among signal filtering peaks
Figure 73109DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
The phase discrimination result of the maximum value point,
Figure 48018DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
is a phase discrimination weighting coefficient. Finally, the least square method shown in the formula (9) is utilized to obtain
Figure 733078DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Angle of arrival measurements of the individual signals.
Figure 350004DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
(9)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 171329DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
is as follows
Figure 831987DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
The angle-of-arrival measurements of the individual signals,
Figure 738763DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
is as follows
Figure 893800DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
The number of the base lines is one,
Figure 835212DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
is as follows
Figure 417503DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
A signal is at
Figure 326422DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
The phase difference of (3).
In the multiple radiation source arrival angle measurement method based on quasi-matched filtering, a reconstructed sample signal is detected through a pulse leading edge, peak value information is output by the quasi-matched filtering introduced by pulse time sequence difference, and multiple radiation sources are subjected to independent phase discrimination processing on different antennas, so that the arrival angles of the multiple radiation sources can be measured under the condition that the number of array elements is less than or equal to that of the radiation sources, and a schematic block diagram of the method is shown in fig. 4.
Example two:
the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The present embodiment is carried out on the premise of the technical method of the present invention, and detailed embodiments are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment examples.
In this embodiment, the radiation test is performed in a microwave dark room. The method provided by the invention is adopted to measure the arrival angle of 8 radiation source signals with the center frequency of 7GHz, wherein the radiation source conditions are set as follows:
1) setting 8 signal sources as clock synchronous working modes, generating synchronous pulse signals, wherein the central frequency is 9GHz, the repetition frequency is 1000 mus, the pulse width is 10 mus, the signal bandwidth is 30MHz, the modulation mode is linear frequency modulation, the radiation source signals are overlapped on the time domain, and the time delay is respectively set as 0 mus, 1.1 mus, 2.3 mus, 3.5 mus, 4.6 mus, 5.7 mus, 6.5 mus and 7.8 mus.
2) 8 radiation source antennas are erected in the darkroom, the angles are respectively-17 degrees, -11 degrees, -6 degrees, -1 degree, 3 degrees, 8 degrees, 15 degrees and 20 degrees, and the radiation source antennas are connected to the radio frequency output ends of 8 signal sources through radio frequency cables.
The method for measuring the arrival angles of signals of multiple radiation sources provided by the invention is adopted, and the block diagram of the implementation example is shown in FIG. 5, and the specific steps are as follows:
1) adopting 4 unit antennas to form a direction-finding array, adopting a microwave front end and a down-conversion channel to amplify and down-convert a received radio-frequency signal to an intermediate-frequency signal, adopting a multi-channel digital acquisition board to perform parallel sampling on 4 paths of intermediate-frequency signals, detecting a pulse front edge, and transmitting sampling data to a signal processor for storage and processing;
2) For the leading edge of the pulse
Figure 19571DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
Sampling the signal in time, measuring parameters of full pulse, and reconstructing sample signal by using measured FM slope, pulse width, FM bandwidth, etc
Figure 815489DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
；
3) Constructing a quasi-matched filter function from a sample signal
Figure 834261DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
Performing quasi-matched filtering processing on the received signals of the 4 channels according to formula (6) in the first embodiment to obtain filtering output results of the 4 channels;
4) detecting a filtering output peak value according to the formula (7) in the first embodiment, performing weighted phase discrimination according to the formula (8) in the first embodiment, finally calculating the phase difference between channels, and completing the measurement of the arrival angle of each radiation source signal according to the formula (9) in the first embodiment;
5) under the same condition, comparing the arrival angle measurement results of the method and the conventional interferometer and MUSIC algorithm;
6) under different signal-to-noise ratios, the root mean square error of the angle of arrival measurement of the 8 radiation source signals is counted (counted according to the processing result of 1000 pulse data).
As shown in fig. 6, after the electromagnetic pulse signal passes through the quasi-matched filter function constructed from the sample signal, due to the difference in pulse timing, the multiple radiation source signals reach peak values at different delays after passing through the quasi-matched filter output, and the detection, weighted phase detection, and the like of the multiple radiation sources can be respectively processed according to equation (8) in the first embodiment.
As shown in fig. 7, the sample signal
Figure 450050DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
Obtained by signal reconstruction using parametric measurements, and actual
Figure 461737DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The signal digital sampling waveform has a certain reconstruction error compared with the signal digital sampling waveform. RMSE represents the direction-finding root mean square error, SNRi represents the signal-to-noise ratio of the sample signal, and SNR represents the detection signal-to-noise ratio. When the signal reconstruction error is large (SNRi = 5 dB), the root mean square error of the multiple radiation sources is not more than 0.2 degrees under the condition of high detection signal-to-noise ratio; when the reconstruction error is small (SNRi = 10 dB), the maximum root mean square error of the multiple radiation sources in the direction of measurement is not more than 0.2 degrees under the condition of low detection signal-to-noise ratio, and the maximum root mean square error of the multiple radiation sources in the direction of measurement is not more than 0.1 degrees under the condition of high signal-to-noise ratio.
As shown in fig. 8, when the number of the direction-finding antenna array element antennas is 4 and the number of the radiation source signals is 8, the arrival angles of all 8 radiation source signals can be correctly measured by using the method (in the figure, the inverted triangle) of the present invention. In contrast, if the conventional interferometer direction finding method (o in the figure) is adopted, only 1 wrong arrival angle calculated by the synthesized phase center information can be output, and the correct arrival angle measurement result of the multiple radiation sources cannot be obtained; such as the MUSIC direction-finding method (shown in the figure)
Figure 112161DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
) Only 3 arrival angles can be output under the limitation of the number of the unit antennas, and the error is larger than an actual value, so that the correct direction finding of the multiple radiation sources cannot be realized. Therefore, the method provided by the invention has obviously better processing performance on signals of multiple radiation sources than the conventional interferometer direction finding and MUSIC direction finding methods.
Example three:
the invention also provides an embodiment of a multi-radiation source arrival angle measuring device based on quasi-matched filtering, which comprises the following steps:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a first signal received by the antenna array; the first signal is a synthetic signal of electromagnetic pulses radiated by a plurality of homotype radiation sources in space;
the processing module is used for carrying out amplification, filtering, down-conversion and analog-to-digital conversion processing on the first signal to obtain a first digital signal;
the reconstruction module is used for obtaining a reconstructed sample signal of the first digital signal according to the pulse leading edge detection and the full pulse parameter measurement;
the phase discrimination module is used for obtaining a weighted phase discrimination result according to the reconstructed sample signal and the quasi-matched filtering processing;
and the calculation module is used for obtaining the arrival angles of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the plurality of radiation sources according to the weighted phase discrimination result.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (4)

1. A multi-radiation source arrival angle measuring method based on quasi-matched filtering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring a first signal received by an antenna array; the first signal is a synthetic signal of electromagnetic pulses radiated by a plurality of homotype radiation sources in space;
step 2, amplifying, filtering, down-converting and analog-to-digital converting the first signal to obtain a first digital signal;
step 3, obtaining a reconstructed sample signal of the first digital signal according to pulse leading edge detection and full pulse parameter measurement;
step 4, obtaining a weighted phase discrimination result according to the reconstructed sample signal and the quasi-matched filtering processing;
step 5, obtaining the arrival angles of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the plurality of radiation sources according to the weighted phase discrimination result;
the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
assuming existence in space
Figure 385255DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The same type of radiation source has the same signal characteristic parameters, and the waveform of the radiated electromagnetic pulse signal is
Figure 634971DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(1)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 620245DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
which represents a rectangular pulse that is,
Figure 946315DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
it is shown that the width of the pulse,
Figure 17039DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
representing the chirp rate;
Figure 70446DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
delay exists on the time sequence of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the radiation sources of the same type; based on the arrival time of the leading edge of the first radiation source pulse
Figure 972543DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
The arrival time of the leading edge of each radiation source pulse is delayed by
Figure 453203DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
；
Antenna array composed of
Figure 745644DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The antenna is composed of antennas, and the array receives
Figure 212528DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The composite signal of the spatial superposition of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the individual radiation sources is represented by
Figure 906815DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
(2)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 558376DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
is shown as
Figure 869272DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
The number of pulses of the radiation source is,
Figure 264481DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
representing a transmission delay; received by an antenna array
Figure 813274DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Electromagnetic pulse signal radiated by radiation source of same type
Figure 714365DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Is regarded as a signal
Figure 981398DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
A sum signal of different delays superimposed
Figure 180298DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Electromagnetic pulse signal radiated by radiation source of same type
Figure 583598DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Is a first signal;
the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
first signal
Figure 904858DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
After the amplification and the filtering are carried out by the front end of the microwave,then the intermediate frequency signal is converted into an intermediate frequency signal through a down conversion component, and finally the intermediate frequency signal is converted into an intermediate frequency signal through a multi-channel digital acquisition module pair
Figure 659187DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
Performing digital sampling to obtain a first digital signal
Figure 396199DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
，
Figure 732634DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
With a sampling period of
Figure 162478DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
The sampling length is
Figure 138524DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
；
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
using short-time Fourier transform to pair the first digital signal
Figure 538281DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Carrying out time-frequency analysis on the signals, and measuring to obtain pulse width, frequency modulation bandwidth and frequency modulation mode; due to differences in time delay, sum signal
Figure 181752DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Can be a single signal, taking the leading edge of the pulse
Figure 516919DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Digital sampling signal in time as digital sample of leading edge pulse signal
Figure 279730DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
，
Figure 358545DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
For the sample signal
Figure 856522DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Estimating the chirp rate by short time Fourier transform
Figure 424907DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
And combining the first digital signals
Figure 641124DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
Measuring the signal to obtain a reconstructed sample signal
Figure 523630DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
；
The step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 41, constructing a quasi-matched filtering function according to the reconstructed sample signal, and performing quasi-matched filtering processing on the received signal of each channel;
step 42, according to the output result of the quasi-matched filtering of each channel, performing filtering peak value detection and phase discrimination processing to obtain a weighted phase discrimination result;
the step 5 specifically comprises the following steps:
by the least square method of formula (6), obtaining
Figure 876114DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
The angle-of-arrival measurements of the individual signals,
Figure 428449DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
(6)
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 866383DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
is as follows
Figure 287000DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
The angle-of-arrival measurements of the individual signals,
Figure 25149DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is as follows
Figure 873020DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
The number of the base lines is one,
Figure 798250DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
is as follows
Figure 835608DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
A signal is at
Figure 162684DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
The phase difference of (3).
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that step 41 is in particular:
from reconstructed sample signals
Figure 447034DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
Selecting a quasi-matched filter function
Figure 859561DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
Then the first digital signal passes through a quasi-matched filter
Figure 684298DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
The latter output is
Figure 865880DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
(3)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 321133DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
passing the first digital signal through a quasi-matched filter
Figure 34005DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
And outputting the result.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that step 42 is embodied by:
when in use
Figure 600115DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
When the filtering output reaches the peak value
Figure 636204DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
Figure 121412DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
(4)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 508531DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
in order to be the first digital signal, the first digital signal is,
Figure 612754DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
a quasi-matched filter;
selected in each filtered output peak
Figure 785240DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Phase discrimination is respectively carried out on the maximum value points, and then weighting processing is carried out on the phase discrimination results;
order to
Figure 582295DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
，
Figure 191131DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
，
Figure 426940DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
Denotes the first
Figure 437621DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
A signal is
Figure 405577DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
A base line
Figure 501709DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
A phase difference of
Figure 557521DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
Is shown as
Figure 688288DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
(5)
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure 827145DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
is shown as
Figure 676153DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
A base line
Figure 925869DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
To go to
Figure 911142DEST_PATH_IMAGE047
Selected among signal filtering peaks
Figure 33950DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
The phase discrimination result of the maximum value point,
Figure 104674DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
is a phase discrimination weighting coefficient.
4. An apparatus of a quasi matched filtering based multiple radiation source angle of arrival measurement method according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the apparatus comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a first signal received by the antenna array; the first signal is a synthetic signal of electromagnetic pulses radiated by a plurality of homotype radiation sources in space;
the processing module is used for carrying out amplification, filtering, down-conversion and analog-to-digital conversion processing on the first signal to obtain a first digital signal;
the reconstruction module is used for obtaining a reconstructed sample signal of the first digital signal according to the pulse leading edge detection and the full pulse parameter measurement;
the phase discrimination module is used for obtaining a weighted phase discrimination result according to the reconstructed sample signal and the quasi-matched filtering processing;
and the calculation module is used for obtaining the arrival angles of the electromagnetic pulse signals of the plurality of radiation sources according to the weighted phase discrimination result.
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