CN114200517A - Ground seismic source excitation system based on geophone and seismic data acquisition method - Google Patents
Ground seismic source excitation system based on geophone and seismic data acquisition method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114200517A CN114200517A CN202111462988.XA CN202111462988A CN114200517A CN 114200517 A CN114200517 A CN 114200517A CN 202111462988 A CN202111462988 A CN 202111462988A CN 114200517 A CN114200517 A CN 114200517A
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/20—Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
- G01V1/143—Generating seismic energy using mechanical driving means, e.g. motor driven shaft
- G01V1/147—Generating seismic energy using mechanical driving means, e.g. motor driven shaft using impact of dropping masses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/22—Transmitting seismic signals to recording or processing apparatus
- G01V1/223—Radioseismic systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a ground seismic source excitation system based on a geophone and a seismic data acquisition method, wherein the ground seismic source excitation system comprises: the seismic detectors are divided into two groups, the seismic detectors in each group are arranged in series, the two groups of seismic detectors are arranged in parallel, and the seismic detectors are triggered based on seismic waves excited by the impact of a seismic source body on the ground; the time service module is used for synchronously recording and storing the touchdown time of the seismic source body based on the triggering of the geophone; and the wireless communication module synchronously transmits a wireless pulse signal to the earthquake observation system based on the triggering of the geophone. The real-time measurement of the body-to-ground time point of the seismic source is realized, the seismic observation system is controlled to synchronously acquire and record seismic data through the wireless communication technology, and the synchronization of data acquisition and seismic excitation is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, in particular to a ground seismic source excitation system based on a geophone and a seismic data acquisition method based on the system.
Background
During seismic exploration, the shot point excitation position and time need to be recorded, and reliable space and time information is provided for data processing and interpretation. The unmanned aerial vehicle seismic source excitation system is a novel seismic source excitation system, the unmanned aerial vehicle is controlled to automatically navigate to the air above a set excitation point coordinate position through a ground station, a seismic source body is put in, the seismic source body impacts the ground at a high speed to excite seismic waves, and rapid and high-quality seismic data acquisition can be realized in a working area where a traditional artificial seismic source in a complex environment cannot work or the excitation effect is poor. Theoretically, the thrown seismic source body moves from a high-altitude free-falling body and lands to the projection position of the unmanned aerial vehicle on the ground, namely the preset excitation point position coordinates; however, in practice, the seismic source body is influenced by factors such as the posture of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the weather (mainly wind), the air resistance, the shape of the seismic source body and the like when being thrown and falling, the falling time and the falling position of the seismic source body are uncertain, and the time point of falling of the seismic source body needs to be measured in real time and seismic data are synchronously recorded.
The traditional synchronous recording method and the traditional synchronous recording device cannot be directly used and cannot meet the relevant standard requirements of seismic exploration at the present stage. If the excitation device is embedded in the seismic source body, when the seismic source body impacts the ground at a high speed, the internal structure of the excitation device is easily damaged by strong collision, the repeated utilization rate is low, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a ground seismic source excitation system based on a geophone and a seismic data acquisition method, which are used for solving the technical problems, realizing the ground excitation timing and/or positioning of the seismic source body, controlling a seismic observation system to synchronously acquire data and realizing the synchronization of data recording and seismic excitation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a first aspect of the invention provides a geophone-based ground source excitation system comprising:
the geophones are arranged in a plurality and are uniformly distributed around a preset shot point in an annular mode, each geophone is inserted into the ground and coupled with a ground medium, the geophones are divided into two groups, the geophones in each group are arranged in series, the two groups of geophones are arranged in parallel, and the geophones are triggered based on seismic waves excited by the impact of a seismic source body on the ground;
the time service module is used for synchronously recording and storing the touchdown time of the seismic source body based on the triggering of the geophone;
and the wireless communication module synchronously transmits a wireless pulse signal to the seismic observation system based on the triggering of the geophone.
Furthermore, the geophone is provided with a threshold adjusting unit for adjusting a trigger threshold, the trigger threshold (sensitivity) of the geophone is adjusted based on the condition that the geophone is triggered and factors such as instrument equipment, environment, weather and the like, and false triggering caused by a non-artificial seismic source, such as wind blowing, grass moving and the like, is avoided; the number of the geophones is 12, each group is 6, and the diameter of the formed ring is 1.5 m.
Further, the time service module is a GPS/Beidou time service module.
Further, the earthquake source positioning system further comprises a differential GPS positioning module which is used for measuring and recording and storing the touchdown coordinates of the earthquake source body based on the current earthquake source body.
The earthquake detector is used for synchronously recording vibration data generated after the earthquake detector is triggered based on the fact that the earthquake detector is triggered, and is used for subsequently judging the accuracy analysis of the grounding time recorded by the time service module.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a seismic data acquisition method, which is based on a seismic observation system and the ground seismic source excitation system based on the geophone of the first aspect of the present invention, and comprises:
putting a seismic source body above a preset shot point, wherein the seismic source body impacts the ground to excite seismic waves;
triggering a plurality of geophones arranged around a predetermined shot point based on seismic waves;
the time service module synchronously records and stores the touchdown time of the seismic source body based on the triggering of the geophone;
the wireless communication module synchronously transmits wireless pulse signals to the earthquake observation system based on the triggering of the geophone;
the earthquake observation system synchronously acquires, records and stores earthquake data based on the received wireless pulse signals.
Further, the earthquake observation system stores the wireless pulse signals after receiving the wireless pulse signals.
Furthermore, after the seismic data acquisition, recording and storage are finished, the differential GPS positioning module is used for measuring, recording and storing the ground contact coordinates of the current seismic source body, and then the seismic source body and the ground seismic source excitation system are recovered.
Further, before the seismic source body is thrown or when the geophones are arranged around a preset shot point, the triggering threshold value of the geophone is adjusted by using a threshold value adjusting unit of the geophone.
Further, the waveform recording module is used for synchronously recording vibration data synchronously generated after the geophone is triggered based on the fact that the geophone is triggered.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the ground seismic source excitation system based on the geophones, a seismic source body thrown at high altitude falls into an annular area formed by the geophones (the seismic source body is aimed at a preset shot point when thrown at high altitude, and can still fall into the annular area after falling to the ground although deviation exists), and impacts the ground to excite seismic waves, so that the geophones generate induced voltage to trigger; at the same time when the geophone is triggered, the time service module records and stores the touchdown time of the seismic source body; and at the same triggered time, the wireless communication module sends a wireless pulse signal to the earthquake observation system, the earthquake observation system receives the wireless pulse signal at the same time and synchronously starts to acquire and record and store earthquake data, so that the real-time measurement of the body-to-ground time point (touchdown time) of the earthquake source is realized, the earthquake observation system is informed to synchronously acquire and record the earthquake data in real time through an invalid communication technology, and the synchronization of data acquisition and earthquake excitation is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, should still fall within the scope covered by the contents disclosed in the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a geophone-based ground source excitation system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a distribution of a plurality of geophones in a geophone-based ground source excitation system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a seismic data acquisition method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the present specification, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and the like are used for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or modifications in the relative relationship may be made without substantial changes in the technical content.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, embodiment 1 provides a geophone-based ground seismic source excitation system, which includes a geophone 1, a time service module 2 and a wireless communication module 3, and the geophone 1, the time service module 2 and the wireless communication module 3 can be integrated together; the time service module 2 is a GPS/beidou time service module/system, and the wireless communication module 3 may be a radio transmitter corresponding to a radio receiver of the earthquake observation system 4. The geophone 1 is electrically connected with the time service module 2 and the wireless communication module 3, and the time service module 2 is electrically connected with the wireless communication module 3 to transmit time information. The geophone 1, the time service module 2 and the wireless communication module 3 can share one power supply device, and can also be respectively provided with independent power supplies; the power supply can adopt a rechargeable power supply or a detachable power supply, such as a lithium battery, a button battery and the like.
The seismic detectors 1 are provided with 12 seismic detectors 1, the 12 seismic detectors 1 are distributed in an annular shape with the diameter of 1.5m by taking a preset shot point 5 as a circle center, the 12 seismic detectors are uniformly distributed on the ring, each seismic detector is inserted into the ground and coupled with a ground medium, the 12 seismic detectors 1 are divided into two groups, each group comprises 6 seismic detectors 1, the seismic detectors 1 in each group are arranged in series, the two groups of seismic detectors 1 are arranged in parallel, and the seismic detectors 1 are triggered based on seismic waves excited by the impact of a seismic source body on the ground. When the geophone 1 is triggered, the triggered signal is transmitted to the time service module 2 and the wireless communication module 3. And when the geophone 1 is triggered, the time service module 2 synchronously records and stores the touchdown time of the geophone body. When the geophone 1 is triggered, the wireless communication module 3 synchronously transmits a wireless pulse signal to the seismic observation system 4, the wireless pulse signal can inform the seismic observation system 4 to synchronously record seismic data, and the wireless pulse signal can also transmit the touchdown time to the seismic observation system.
The ground seismic source excitation system based on the geophone further comprises a differential GPS positioning module 6(RTK system), and after seismic data acquisition, recording and storage are completed, the RTK system is used for measuring the current seismic source body and recording and storing the ground contact coordinates of the seismic source body.
The ground seismic source excitation system based on the geophone further comprises a waveform recording module 7, and the waveform recording module 7 is electrically connected with the geophone 1 and the wireless communication module 3 respectively. When the geophone 1 is triggered, an electric signal is sent to the waveform recording module 7, the waveform recording module 7 synchronously records vibration data synchronously generated after the geophone 1 is triggered, and the accuracy of the touchdown time recorded by the time service module 2 can be analyzed by analyzing the data.
The geophone is provided with a threshold adjusting unit for adjusting the triggering threshold, and the triggering threshold (sensitivity) of the geophone is adjusted based on the triggering condition of the geophone and factors such as instrument equipment, environment, weather and the like, so that false triggering caused by a non-artificial seismic source, such as false triggering caused by wind-blown weed, and the like, is avoided.
The seismic detector is used as a trigger device to realize the ground triggering timing of the seismic source body, record the absolute time of the ground of the seismic source body, control the seismic observation system to synchronously acquire data, realize the synchronization of the data recording and the seismic triggering of the seismic acquisition system, and measure the current seismic source body by using the RTK system and record and store the ground contact coordinate of the seismic source body.
The ground seismic source excitation system based on the geophone has the following advantages:
(1) the geophone directly converts seismic waves excited by the falling time of a seismic source body into electric signals to serve as trigger switching values, the sensitivity is high, and time delay caused by topographic factors can be weakened.
(2) The seismic detectors are used as vibration sensors, 12 detectors are sequentially arranged on a circular ring with the diameter of 1.5m, and when the seismic source body impacts the ground to vibrate, the triggering unit circuit is synchronously closed, so that synchronous data acquisition of the seismic observation system is realized.
(3) The ground seismic source excitation system based on the geophone is characterized in that the geophone is directly coupled with the ground, can be arranged and disassembled at any time, and is convenient and quick.
(4) The wireless transmission technology can remotely control a synchronous closed loop in a remote way, and the arrangement of the gun lines is reduced.
Before the seismic exploration data acquisition work is carried out each time, a ground seismic source excitation system and a seismic observation system need to be calibrated based on a GPS/Beidou time service system. When the seismic source is excited in the ground, the ground seismic source excitation system automatically records the current time, and data are transmitted in real time through wireless equipment, so that the ground seismic data acquisition system can synchronously acquire seismic record data, and reliable time information is provided for data processing and interpretation.
Based on a seismic observation system and the ground seismic source excitation system described in embodiment 1, embodiment 2 provides a seismic data acquisition method, as shown in fig. 3, including the following steps:
and step S1, a seismic source body is thrown above the preset shot point, and the seismic source body impacts the ground to excite seismic waves. The unmanned aerial vehicle throwing platform carries the seismic source body to fly to a certain height, the seismic source body is thrown over a preset shot point, the seismic source body impacts the ground in an accelerated mode, and the seismic source body collides with a ground medium strongly to excite seismic waves.
In step S2, a plurality of geophones arranged around a predetermined shot point are triggered based on seismic waves. When the seismic source body is contacted with the ground, the seismic source body enters an annular area formed by a plurality of geophones distributed on the ground, and the geophones are triggered by strong ground vibration to generate induction voltage so as to be automatically triggered.
And step S3, the time service module synchronously records and stores the touchdown time of the seismic source body based on the triggering of the geophone.
In step S4, the wireless communication module synchronously transmits a wireless pulse signal to the seismological observation system based on the triggering of the geophone.
And step S5, the seismic observation system synchronously acquires, records and stores the seismic data based on the received wireless pulse signals. A radio receiver of the earthquake observation system receives and automatically stores a wireless pulse signal emitted by a ground earthquake source excitation system; and when receiving the wireless pulse signal, the synchronous automatic closing trigger unit circuit starts the seismic data acquisition and recording storage.
And step S6, after the seismic data acquisition, recording and storage are finished, the touchdown coordinates of the current seismic source body are measured, recorded and stored by using the differential GPS positioning module.
And step S7, after the grounding coordinates of the current seismic source body are measured and recorded, the seismic source body and the ground seismic source excitation system are recovered.
Before the seismic source body is put in or when the geophones are arranged around a preset shot point, the triggering threshold value of the geophone is adjusted by using a threshold value adjusting unit of the geophone; for example, based on the condition that the geophone is triggered and factors such as instrument equipment, environment, weather and the like, the triggering threshold (sensitivity) of the geophone is adjusted, and false triggering caused by a non-artificial seismic source, such as false triggering caused by wind-blown weed and the like, is avoided.
When the geophone is triggered, the waveform recording module is used for synchronously recording vibration data synchronously generated after the geophone is triggered so as to be used for subsequently judging the accuracy analysis of the touchdown time recorded by the time service module.
In embodiments 1 and 2, when the geophone is triggered, the time service module synchronously records the touchdown time, the wireless communication module synchronously transmits a wireless pulse signal, the seismic observation system synchronously receives the wireless pulse signal and synchronously acquires, records and stores seismic data, and the waveform recording module synchronously records seismic data synchronously generated after the geophone is triggered.
Thus, a work flow is formed, and the seismic source excitation work of the next shot position can be started.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A geophone-based ground source excitation system comprising:
the geophones are arranged in a plurality and are uniformly distributed around a preset shot point in an annular mode, each geophone is inserted into the ground and coupled with a ground medium, the geophones are divided into two groups, the geophones in each group are arranged in series, the two groups of geophones are arranged in parallel, and the geophones are triggered based on seismic waves excited by the impact of a seismic source body on the ground;
the time service module is used for synchronously recording and storing the touchdown time of the seismic source body based on the triggering of the geophone;
and the wireless communication module synchronously transmits a wireless pulse signal to the seismic observation system based on the triggering of the geophone.
2. The geophone-based ground source excitation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said geophone is provided with a threshold adjustment unit for adjusting the trigger threshold; the number of the geophones is 12, each group is 6, and the diameter of the formed ring is 1.5 m.
3. The geophone-based ground source excitation system in accordance with claim 1, wherein said time service module is a GPS/beidou time service module.
4. The geophone-based ground source excitation system in accordance with claim 1, further comprising a differential GPS positioning module for measuring and recording the touchdown coordinates of the stored seismic source volume based on the current seismic source volume.
5. The geophone-based ground source excitation system of any of claims 1-4, further comprising a waveform recording module for synchronously recording seismic data synchronously generated after geophone activation based on said geophone being activated.
6. A seismic data acquisition method, based on a seismic survey system and the geophone-based ground source excitation system of any of claims 1-4, comprising:
putting a seismic source body above a preset shot point, wherein the seismic source body impacts the ground to excite seismic waves;
triggering a plurality of geophones arranged around a predetermined shot point based on seismic waves;
the time service module synchronously records and stores the touchdown time of the seismic source body based on the triggering of the geophone;
the wireless communication module synchronously transmits wireless pulse signals to the earthquake observation system based on the triggering of the geophone;
the earthquake observation system synchronously acquires, records and stores earthquake data based on the received wireless pulse signals.
7. The seismic data acquisition method of claim 6, wherein the seismic observation system stores the wireless pulse signal after it is based on the received wireless pulse signal.
8. The seismic data acquisition method of claim 6, wherein after the seismic data acquisition, recording and storage is completed, the touchdown coordinates of the current seismic source body are measured and recorded and stored by using a differential GPS positioning module, and then the seismic source body and the ground seismic source excitation system are recovered.
9. A seismic data acquisition method according to claim 6, wherein the triggering threshold of the geophone is adjusted by means of a geophone threshold adjustment unit before the source body is launched or when the geophone is placed around a predetermined shot point.
10. The seismic data acquisition method of claim 6, wherein the seismic data synchronously generated after the geophone is triggered is synchronously recorded based on the geophone being triggered using a waveform recording module.
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| CN110703314A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-17 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Seismic source excitation device, seismic data acquisition system and method |
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- 2021-12-02 CN CN202111462988.XA patent/CN114200517A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN207623544U (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-07-17 | 长安大学 | A kind of shot point excitation apparatus based on wireless transmission |
| CN110697042A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-17 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Seismic exploration system based on unmanned aerial vehicle puts in seismic source |
| CN110703314A (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2020-01-17 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Seismic source excitation device, seismic data acquisition system and method |
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| 周存忠: "地震词典", 31 December 1991, 上海辞书出版社, pages: 331 - 340 * |
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