CN114200008A - Vehicle-mounted nondestructive detection system and method for internal defect of railway track plate structure - Google Patents
Vehicle-mounted nondestructive detection system and method for internal defect of railway track plate structure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering nondestructive testing, and discloses a vehicle-mounted nondestructive testing system and method for internal diseases of a railway track plate structure. The invention carries out array detection from the upper part of the track slab, can nondestructively detect the disease condition in the track slab, and identifies the disease position, depth and mortar void condition in the track slab; the sensor array keeps constant distance with the track slab in a non-contact mode, is convenient for movement detection, has expansibility, can increase and reduce the number of sensors according to the detection precision requirement, and is high in acquisition efficiency by taking the track electric vehicle as a carrier and a multi-channel host to receive data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to a vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing system and method for internal defects of a railway track slab structure.
Background
At present, the state of a track slab is important for the safety of a train running at a high speed, but is influenced by factors such as train load, vibration, weather erosion, temperature change and the like, the track slab is difficult to avoid the defects of cracks and void, the defects can cause corrosion of concrete structure steel bars, the durability is poor, and how to quickly, accurately and nondestructively find the positions and scales of the defects before maintenance is very necessary.
For the detection of concrete cracks, manual naked eye identification or crack graduated scale short-distance detection is mostly adopted, the precision is low, the artificial influence is large, in recent years, the crack detection is carried out by adopting an image identification technology, and although the plane detection precision is high, the crack depth cannot be detected; at present, to crack depth detection, there is the ultrasonic detection scheme, but mostly be a mode of receiving, need progressively enlarge receiving and dispatching apart from, efficiency is lower, and high-speed railway skylight is short at night, time moreover, and it is big to traditional crack detection technique degree of difficulty. The void in the railway track slab is mostly generated between the track slab and the supporting layer, belongs to hidden defects, is difficult to detect by an appearance inspection method, and needs to be detected by an elastic wave reflection method. At present, a contact accelerometer is mostly adopted for void detection, and a single-channel transmitting mode and a single-channel receiving mode are mostly adopted, so that the problems of poor resolution and low efficiency exist, and therefore, a high-efficiency and high-precision nondestructive detection method and equipment need to be researched and developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the related art, the disclosed embodiment of the invention provides a vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive detection system and method for diseases in a railway track plate structure, which can solve the problem of detection of the diseases of the track plate and mortar below the track plate and improve the detection efficiency. The technical scheme is as follows:
the vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing method for the internal defect of the railway track slab structure comprises the following steps:
step one, arranging a non-contact acoustic emission array detection system;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying the electric rail trolley onto a railway rail, and then placing a power supply storage battery and an acoustic emission multi-channel host machine on the electric rail trolley and fixing the electric rail trolley; the power supply storage battery is connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host by using a power supply cable, and then the electromagnetic impact hammer and the acoustic emission sensor array are respectively connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host by using an excitation source control cable and a signal transmission cable;
secondly, exciting a signal by the electromagnetic impact hammer, and performing data acquisition by the acoustic emission multi-channel host;
the acoustic emission multi-channel host controls the electromagnetic impact hammer to perform one-time hammering on a ballastless track plate below the electromagnetic impact hammer, the electromagnetic impact hammer performs one-time hammering in the process of each traveling of the electric track trolley, and an excited elastic wave signal is transmitted forwards along the ballastless track plate; the acoustic emission multi-channel host starts to receive elastic wave signals collected by the acoustic emission sensor array;
step three, moving the trolley, exciting the signal again and collecting the data again;
after data acquisition is finished, the electric rail trolley continuously moves forwards, after the electric rail trolley is hammered for the last time, the acoustic emission multi-channel host receives ranging information of a ranging encoder in real time, when the moving distance reaches a set distance each time, the acoustic emission multi-channel host controls the electromagnetic impact hammer to hammer towards a ballastless track plate downwards again, the acoustic emission multi-channel host receives signals acquired by the acoustic emission sensor array again, and when the data acquisition is finished each time, a data file is continuously saved in an acoustic emission multi-channel host project directory;
step four, data synthesis;
synthesizing the data files acquired in the second step and the fourth step to construct elastic wave synthetic data, wherein the data comprises: excitation point position, receiving point position, sampling interval, sampling point number and signal amplitude;
step five, data imaging;
imaging the synthesized data, wherein the data imaging comprises four parts: establishing an elastic longitudinal wave velocity model, reconstructing an elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence, performing signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging and signal sequence amplitude focusing imaging;
step six, analyzing defect difference;
after data imaging is finished, firstly multiplying the longitudinal time of a time imaging section by v calculated in signal sequence amplitude focusing imaging, and converting the result into depth; then, overlapping the time superposition imaging section and the amplitude focusing imaging section to form a final imaging section, wherein the transverse direction is the position and the longitudinal direction is the depth; finally, according to the imaging result in the step five, making a difference epsilon-epsilon with the imaging section of the non-defective model0Forming a differential profile, wherein epsilon is the signal amplitude;
step seven, outcome output;
and drawing a detection section of the railway ballastless track plate along the line direction according to the analysis result of the sixth step, wherein the detection section comprises the position, scale and quantitative evaluation result of the diseases in the structure.
In one embodiment, in the second step, a data acquisition is completed, the data is stored in a project directory established by the acoustic emission multi-channel host in a binary file form, the data file comprises a file header and an acquisition signal, the file header stores the project name and the excitation point position (x)s,ys) Receiving point position (x)r,yr) Sampling interval delta t, sampling point number N and signal sequence xi are stored according to the sequence of sampling points.
In one embodiment, in step four, the method for synthesizing data is: reading all data files, wherein the file header comprises total excitation number, sampling interval delta t, sampling point number N and excitation point position (x) of each times,ys) And the position of the receiving point (x)r,yr) The signal sequence xi is stored in the line sequence according to the excitation sequence and the sampling sequence, and the synthesized data file is still stored in a binary file.
In one embodiment, in step five, establishing the elastic longitudinal wave velocity model includes:
establishing an elastic longitudinal wave layered speed model according to the structure size and the strength, wherein the railway structure sequentially comprises a ballastless track plate, a mortar cushion layer and a lower concrete foundation from top to bottom; and (3) establishing a two-dimensional space model according to the track structure, setting the elastic longitudinal wave velocity, and completing the establishment of the two-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity model.
In one embodiment, in step five, reconstructing the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence includes:
calculating an elastic wave signal sequence of different moments of a source point excitation point and a receiving point based on an elastic longitudinal wave velocity model and an observation position of a laminated structure of a ballastless track slab, and preparing for related imaging with observation data, wherein the sequence mainly reflects a layer interface due to the fact that the calculation is based on a reflection principle; the implementation mode of the step of reconstructing the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence is to load the data acquired in the step four, obtain the positions of an excitation point and a receiving point, and solve an elastic wave displacement equation based on an elastic longitudinal wave speed model of a ballastless track slab structure
Sum velocity stress equation
Wherein u is a displacement field, v is a propagation velocity of an acoustic wave in a medium, p is a stress, and v isxAnd vzThe elastic longitudinal wave velocities of mass points in the transverse and longitudinal directions respectively adopt isotropy, so that v isx＝vz。
In one embodiment, in step five, the signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging comprises:
after the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence is reconstructed, carrying out signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging for identifying the change of a layer interface;
signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging implementationThe mode is that the cross-correlation calculation is carried out on the reconstructed longitudinal wave signal sequence at the same time and the data sequence collected in the step four, and the expression is as follows: s (x, t) R (x, t), S (x, t) and R (x, t) respectively represent a spatial position x, a reconstructed signal and an actually measured signal with an extrapolation time t, after the cross-correlation operation is carried out on the reconstructed signal and the actually measured signal at the same time, the values at all the times are superposed and imaged,
t is the total time length, and if the deep layer interface is not obvious, the superposition imaging can be carried out by adopting a normalization calculation formula:
or
Finally, a time series correlation imaging section is formed, wherein the transverse direction is the position, and the longitudinal direction is the time.
In one embodiment, in step five, the signal sequence amplitude focus imaging comprises:
after the signal sequence is subjected to time-varying correlated superposition, carrying out amplitude focusing imaging on the signal sequence which varies with the position, wherein the amplitude focusing imaging is mainly used for identifying internal defect points through a multi-channel array and is used for identifying the internal defect points of a target body;
calculation during first-stage walking:
wherein, tmR is the travel time between a target point and an observation point in the ballastless track slabmIs the distance between the sensor and a target point in the ballastless track plate, h is the horizontal distance between the target point and an observation point in the ballastless track plate, dmThe method comprises the following steps of calculating the vertical distance between a target point and an observation point in a ballastless track plate, wherein v is the average speed of ultrasonic waves transmitted in the ballastless track plate, and v is calculated as follows: let the excitation time be t0Time unit is mu s, then the arrival time of the first wave is automatically read from the eight acoustic wave detection curves, the time difference delta t is made between two adjacent channels, and the difference is further determined by a formula viL is the distance between two sound wave sensors, and the speed v between two channels is calculated and obtainediFinally by the formula
Calculating the average elastic wave velocity of the measurement interval;
after the travel time calculation is finished, the through type
Amplitude superposition focusing imaging is carried out on the elastic wave signals, when defects exist in the target body, strong reflection can be formed on longitudinal wave sequences at corresponding positions and moments, and the signal intensity of the defect parts can be enhanced through multiple superposition; wherein R (d)m,tm) For the mth measured longitudinal wave signal sequence, R (x)i,yi) Is a receiving point (x)i,yi) The amplitude focusing imaging sequence is formed, wherein N is the total number of the collected signals, and N is the moving distance of the rail car/20 cm, and finally, an amplitude focusing imaging section is formed, the transverse direction is the position, and the longitudinal direction is the depth;
and finally, multiplying the longitudinal time of the time imaging section by the v calculated in the amplitude focusing imaging, converting the result into depth, and superposing the time superposition imaging section and the amplitude focusing imaging section to form a final imaging section, wherein the transverse direction is the position and the longitudinal direction is the depth.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing system for internal defect of a railway track slab structure, which implements the vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing method for internal defect of a railway track slab structure, and the vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing system for internal defect of a railway track slab structure comprises:
the system comprises an electric rail trolley arranged on a railway track, an acoustic emission multi-channel host and a power supply storage battery, wherein the acoustic emission multi-channel host and the power supply storage battery are arranged above the electric rail trolley;
an electromagnetic impact hammer, an acoustic emission sensor array, an acoustic panel and a distance measuring encoder are hung below the electric rail trolley;
the acoustic emission multi-channel host arranged above the electric rail trolley is connected with a power supply storage battery through a power supply cable;
the electromagnetic impact hammer suspended below the electric rail trolley is fixed below the electric rail trolley through an excitation source rubber strip, and the electromagnetic impact hammer is connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host through an excitation source control cable;
and the acoustic emission sensor array suspended below the electric rail trolley is connected with the acoustic emission multichannel host through a signal transmission cable.
In one embodiment, a distance measuring encoder is suspended below the electric rail trolley and is connected with a rear axle of the electric rail trolley through a belt, and the distance measuring encoder is connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host through a distance measuring signal cable;
the acoustic emission sensor array is composed of eight acoustic emission sensor bodies, is arranged below the cross rod at equal intervals, and the cross rod is fixed below the electric rail trolley through the sensor rubber strips.
In one embodiment, the sound-absorbing plate is positioned between the electromagnetic impact hammer and the acoustic emission sensor array, and the sound-absorbing plate is at the same transverse distance with the electromagnetic impact hammer and the first acoustic emission sensor body;
the electromagnetic impact hammer impacts the surface of the ballastless track plate and is controlled by the electromagnetic relay.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
1. the invention carries out array detection from the upper part of the track slab, can nondestructively detect the disease condition in the track slab, and identifies the disease position, depth and mortar void condition in the track slab;
2. the sensor array keeps a constant distance with the track slab in a non-contact mode, so that the movement detection is convenient, the sensor array has expansibility, the number of sensors can be increased and reduced according to the detection precision requirement, and meanwhile, the track electric vehicle is used as a carrier, a multi-channel host receives data, so that the acquisition efficiency is high;
3. the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 of the nondestructive testing system is controlled by an electromagnetic relay, the impact strength and the interval are controllable, the electromagnetic impact hammer can be automatically excited according to a set distance, the energy of the excited elastic wave is stable, and the data consistency is good;
4. the detection system automatically excites the elastic waves and automatically collects data along with the movement of the carrying system, and the section of the elastic waves of the track slab is quickly generated by quickly imaging according to the collected data, so that the automation degree is high;
5. compared with the performance comparison condition of the prior art for testing the internal diseases of the ballastless track slab, the detection method has the advantages of high precision, accurate defect positioning, visual imaging, high automation degree, quick imaging and high efficiency, can identify the positions of the diseases and detect the depth and scale of the diseases, and can provide effective technical support for railway maintenance.
Comparison table with prior art
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the disclosure.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of a vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing system for internal defects of a railway track slab structure provided by an embodiment of the invention
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a nondestructive testing method for a railway track plate vehicle-mounted non-contact acoustic emission array provided by an embodiment of the invention
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a structure model and a detection effect of a non-damaged track slab according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein, fig. 3(a) is a model of a non-damaged track slab structure; (b) is the imaging result.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a structure model of a track slab containing diseases and an imaging effect provided by an embodiment of the invention;
wherein, fig. 4(a) is a structural model of a track slab containing diseases; fig. 4(a) shows the imaging result.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of the detection result of the railway track slab structure provided by the embodiment of the invention
In the figure: 1. an electric rail trolley; 2. an acoustic emission multi-channel host; 3. a power supply battery; 4. an electromagnetic impact hammer; 5. an acoustic emission sensor array; 6. a power supply cable; 7. an excitation source control cable; 8. a signal transmission cable; 9. an acoustic emission sensor body; 10. a cross bar; 11. a sensor rubber strip; 12. an excitation source rubber strip; 13. a sound-absorbing panel; 14. a ranging signal cable; 15. a ballastless track slab; 16. a ranging encoder; 17. a belt.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein, but rather should be construed as broadly as the present invention is capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. As used herein, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in figure 1, the vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing system for the internal diseases of the railway track slab structure comprises an electric track trolley 1 arranged on a railway track, an acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 and a power supply storage battery 3, wherein the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 and the power supply storage battery 3 are arranged above the electric track trolley 1, and an electromagnetic impact hammer 4, an acoustic emission sensor array 5, an acoustic panel 13 and a distance measurement encoder 16 are hung below the electric track trolley 1. The steel rail is fixed on the ballastless track plate 15 through a fastener, and the electric track trolley 1 is positioned on the steel rail.
The acoustic emission multi-channel host machine 2 arranged above the electric rail trolley 1 is connected with the power supply storage battery 3 through a power supply cable 6.
The electromagnetic impact hammer 4 suspended below the electric rail trolley 1 is fixed below the electric rail trolley 1 through an excitation source rubber strip 12, and the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 is connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 through an excitation source control cable 7.
And an acoustic emission sensor array 5 suspended below the electric rail trolley 1 is connected with the acoustic emission multichannel host 2 through a signal transmission cable 8.
The distance measuring encoder 16 suspended below the electric rail trolley 1 is connected with a rear axle of the electric rail trolley 1 through a belt 17, and the distance measuring encoder 16 is connected with the acoustic emission multichannel host 2 through a distance measuring signal cable 14. The acoustic emission sensor array 5 is composed of 8 acoustic emission sensor bodies 9, is arranged below a cross rod 10 at equal intervals, has a distance of 20 cm, and the cross rod 10 is fixed below the electric rail trolley 1 through a sensor rubber strip 11. The acoustic board 13 is located between the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 and the acoustic emission sensor array 5, and the transverse distances between the acoustic board 13 and the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 as well as between the acoustic board 13 and the first acoustic emission sensor body 9 are both 20 cm. The electromagnetic impact hammer 4 can impact the surface of the ballastless track plate 15, the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 is controlled by an electromagnetic relay, elastic waves can be stably excited, and the impact force and the interval are controllable.
As shown in fig. 2, the invention also provides a vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing method for internal damage of a railway track slab structure, which comprises the following steps:
s1, arranging a non-contact acoustic emission array detection system;
the system connection is implemented according to the mode shown in figure 1, the electric rail trolley 1 is manually transported to the railway track, and then the power supply storage battery 3 and the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 are placed on the electric rail trolley 1 and fixed. The power supply battery 3 is connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 through a power supply cable 6, and then the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 and the acoustic emission sensor array 5 are respectively connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 through an excitation source control cable 7 and a signal transmission cable 8.
S2, exciting a signal by the electromagnetic impact hammer 4, and performing data acquisition by the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2;
the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 controls the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 to perform one-time hammering on the ballastless track plate 15 below the electromagnetic impact hammer 4, the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 performs one-time hammering every time the electric track trolley 1 travels 20 centimeters, and the excited elastic wave signal is transmitted forwards along the ballastless track plate 15; at the same time, the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 starts to receive the signals collected by the acoustic emission sensor array 5, and the sampling rate>1M/s, namely sampling interval delta t is 1 mu s, one-time data acquisition is completed, the data is stored in an item directory established by the acoustic emission multi-channel host 2 in a binary file form, a file header and an acquisition signal are contained in the data file, and the file header stores an engineering name and an excitation point position (x is x)s,ys) Receiving point position (x)r,yr) Sampling interval delta t, sampling point number N and signal sequence xi are stored according to the sequence of sampling points.
S3, trolley moving, signal re-excitation and data re-acquisition:
after the last data acquisition, the electric rail trolley 1 continuously moves forwards, after the last hammering, the acoustic emission multichannel host 2 receives ranging information of the ranging encoder 16 in real time, when the moving distance reaches 20 centimeters each time, the acoustic emission multichannel host 2 controls the electromagnetic impact hammer 4 to hammer towards the ballastless track plate 15 downwards again, the acoustic emission multichannel host 2 receives signals acquired by the acoustic emission sensor array 5 again, and when the data acquisition is completed each time, data files are continuously saved in the item directory of the acoustic emission multichannel host 2.
S4, data synthesis:
synthesizing the data files acquired in the steps S2 and S3 to construct elastic wave synthesized data, wherein the data includes: excitation point position, receiving point position, sampling interval, sampling point number and signal amplitude;
the synthesis method comprises the following steps: reading all data files, wherein the file header comprises total excitation number, sampling interval delta t, sampling point number N and excitation point position (x) of each times,ys) And the position of the receiving point (x)r,yr) The signal sequence xi is stored in the line sequence according to the excitation sequence and the sampling sequence, and the synthesized data file is still stored in a binary file.
S5, data imaging:
imaging the data of S4, the data imaging comprising four parts: establishing an elastic longitudinal wave velocity model, reconstructing an elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence, performing signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging and performing signal sequence amplitude focusing imaging.
(1) Establishing an elastic longitudinal wave velocity model
The method comprises the steps of establishing an elastic longitudinal wave layered speed model according to the structural size and strength of a ballastless track board 15, a mortar cushion and a underlying concrete foundation, wherein the ballastless track board 15, the mortar cushion and the underlying concrete foundation are sequentially arranged on a railway from top to bottom, the ballastless track board 15 is generally 20 cm thick, the mortar cushion is 3-10 cm thick, the underlying foundation concrete is 50 cm thick, the strength C50 of the ballastless track board 15, the strength C30 of the mortar cushion and the underlying concrete foundation C40 are arranged on the railway, establishing a two-dimensional space model according to the track structure, setting the elastic longitudinal wave speed of the ballastless track board 15 to be 3800m/s, the elastic longitudinal wave speed of the mortar cushion to be 0m/s and the elastic longitudinal wave speed of the underlying concrete foundation to be 4000m/s, and completing establishment of the two-dimensional longitudinal wave speed model.
(2) Reconstruction of elastic longitudinal wave signal sequences
Based on an elastic longitudinal wave velocity model and an observation position of a laminated structure of a ballastless track plate 15, elastic wave signal sequences of different moments of a source point excitation point and a receiving point are calculated, preparation is made for related imaging with observation data, and calculation is based on a reflection principleThe sequence mainly reflects the layer interface. The step of reconstructing the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence is implemented by a loading step S4Acquiring positions of an excitation point and a receiving point according to the acquired data, and solving an elastic wave displacement equation based on an elastic longitudinal wave velocity model of the ballastless track slab 15 structure
Sum velocity stress equation
Wherein u is a displacement field, v is a propagation velocity of an acoustic wave in a medium, p is a stress, and v isxAnd vzThe elastic longitudinal wave velocities of mass points in the transverse and longitudinal directions respectively adopt isotropy, so that v isx＝vzObtaining longitudinal wave signal sequence, sampling interval, sampling point number and step S4Is consistent with the above.
(3) After the reconstruction of the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence is completed, the signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging is carried out
The step is mainly used for identifying the change of the layer interface, and the implementation mode of the signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging is to reconstruct the longitudinal wave signal sequence and the step S at the same time4And performing cross-correlation calculation on the acquired data sequences, wherein an expression is as follows: s (x, t) R (x, t), S (x, t) and R (x, t) respectively represent a spatial position x, a reconstructed signal and an actually measured signal with an extrapolation time t, after the cross-correlation operation is carried out on the reconstructed signal and the actually measured signal at the same time, the values at all the times are superposed and imaged,
t is the total time length, and if the deep layer interface is not obvious, the superposition imaging can be carried out by adopting a normalization calculation formula:
or
Finally, a time series correlation imaging section is formed,the horizontal direction is position (unit: m) and the vertical direction is time (unit: sec).
(4) After the signal sequence is subjected to time-varying correlated superposition, amplitude focusing imaging of the signal sequence changing along with the position is carried out, wherein the amplitude focusing imaging is mainly used for identifying internal defect points through a multi-channel array, and the step is mainly used for identifying the internal defect points of a target body.
Calculation during first-stage walking:
wherein, tmR is the travel time between a target point and an observation point in the ballastless track slab 15mIs the distance between the sensor and the target point in the ballastless track plate 15, h is the horizontal distance between the target point and the observation point in the ballastless track plate 15, dmThe method comprises the following steps of calculating the vertical distance between a target point and an observation point in the ballastless track plate 15, wherein v is the average speed of ultrasonic waves transmitted in the ballastless track plate 15, and v is: let the excitation time be t0Time unit is mu s, then the arrival time of the first wave is automatically read from 8 acoustic wave detection curves, the time difference delta t is made between two adjacent channels, and the difference is further determined by a formula viCalculating to obtain the speed v between two channelsiFinally by the formula
And calculating the average elastic wave velocity of the measurement interval.
After the travel time calculation is finished, the through type
The elastic wave signals are subjected to amplitude superposition focusing imaging, when defects exist in the target body, the longitudinal wave sequences at corresponding positions and moments can form strong reflection, and the signal intensity of the defect parts can be enhanced through multiple times of superposition. Wherein R (d)m,tm) For the mth measured longitudinal wave signal sequence, R (x)i,yi) Is a receiving point (x)i,yi) The amplitude focusing imaging sequence of (1), N is the total number of the collected signals, N is the moving distance of the rail car/20 cm, and finally the amplitude focusing imaging sequence is formedLike a cross-section, the lateral direction is the position (unit: m) and the longitudinal direction is the depth (unit: cm).
Finally, multiplying the longitudinal time of the time imaging section by the v calculated in the amplitude focusing imaging, converting the result into depth, and overlapping the time superposition imaging section and the amplitude focusing imaging section to form a final imaging section, as shown in fig. 3(b) and 4(b), the transverse direction is the position (unit: meter), and the longitudinal direction is the depth (unit: meter).
S6And defect difference analysis:
in step S5After the imaging is finished, firstly multiplying the longitudinal time of the time imaging section by the v calculated in the signal sequence amplitude focusing imaging, converting the longitudinal time into the depth, then overlapping the time superposition imaging section and the amplitude focusing imaging section to form a final imaging section, wherein the transverse direction is the position (unit: meter), the longitudinal direction is the depth (unit: centimeter), and finally, according to the imaging result in the fifth step (figure 4b), the difference epsilon-epsilon with the imaging section without the defect model (figure 3b) is made0And forming a differential section (figure 5), wherein epsilon is signal amplitude, as shown in figure 5, the excitation main frequency in imaging is 50kHz, and the sampling interval is 50 mus, so that the internal diseases of the ballastless track plate 15 structure can be clearly distinguished.
Using formulas
Quantitatively analyzing the defect degree of the structure of the railway ballastless track plate 15 by sections, wherein delta is residual error, N is the total number of units in the sections, i is the number of internal units, and epsiloniIs the signal amplitude of the ith cell, ε0The design model signal amplitude for the ith cell.
S7And outputting results:
according to S6And analyzing the result, and drawing the detection section of the railway ballastless track plate 15 along the line direction, wherein the detection section comprises the position, scale and quantitative evaluation result of the internal diseases of the structure.
Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
It will be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims (10)
1. The vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing method for the internal defect of the railway track plate structure is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, arranging a non-contact acoustic emission array detection system;
the method comprises the following steps that an electric rail trolley (1) is conveyed to a railway track, and then a power supply storage battery (3) and an acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) are placed on the electric rail trolley (1) and fixed; a power supply battery (3) is connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) by using a power supply cable (6), and then the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) and the acoustic emission sensor array (5) are respectively connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) by using an excitation source control cable (7) and a signal transmission cable (8);
secondly, the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) excites signals, and the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) carries out data acquisition;
the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) controls the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) to perform one-time hammering on the ballastless track plate (15) below the electromagnetic impact hammer (4), the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) performs one-time hammering in the process of each traveling of the electric track trolley (1), and the excited elastic wave signal is transmitted forwards along the ballastless track plate (15); the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) starts to receive signals collected by the acoustic emission sensor array (5);
step three, moving the trolley, exciting the signal again and collecting the data again;
after data acquisition is finished, the electric rail trolley (1) continuously moves forwards, after the electric rail trolley is hammered for the last time, the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) receives ranging information of a ranging encoder (16) in real time, when the moving distance reaches a set distance each time, the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) controls the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) to hammer towards the ballastless track plate (15) downwards again, the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) receives signals acquired by the acoustic emission sensor array (5) again, and after the data acquisition is finished each time, data files are continuously saved in an item directory of the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2);
step four, data synthesis;
synthesizing the data files acquired in the second step and the fourth step to construct elastic wave synthetic data, wherein the data comprises: excitation point position, receiving point position, sampling interval, sampling point number and signal amplitude;
step five, data imaging;
imaging the synthesized data, wherein the data imaging comprises four parts: establishing an elastic longitudinal wave velocity model, reconstructing an elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence, performing signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging and signal sequence amplitude focusing imaging;
step six, analyzing defect difference;
after data imaging is finished, firstly multiplying the longitudinal time of a time imaging section by v calculated in signal sequence amplitude focusing imaging, and converting the result into depth; then, overlapping the time superposition imaging section and the amplitude focusing imaging section to form a final imaging section, wherein the transverse direction is the position and the longitudinal direction is the depth; finally, according to the imaging result in the step five, making a difference epsilon-epsilon with the imaging section of the non-defective model0Forming a differential profile, wherein epsilon is the signal amplitude;
step seven, outcome output;
and drawing a detection section of the railway ballastless track plate (15) along the line direction according to the analysis result of the six steps, wherein the detection section comprises the position, scale and quantitative evaluation result of the diseases in the structure.
2. The railway track plate structure internal defect vehicle-mounted non-contact device according to claim 1The array nondestructive testing method is characterized in that in the second step, data acquisition is completed once, the data is stored in a project directory established by the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) in a binary file form, a file header and an acquisition signal are contained in the data file, and the file header stores an engineering name and an excitation point position (x)s,ys) Receiving point position (x)r,yr) Sampling interval delta t, sampling point number N and signal sequence xi are stored according to the sequence of sampling points.
3. The vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing method for internal diseases of the railway track plate structure according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fourth step, the data synthesis method comprises the following steps: reading all data files, wherein the file header comprises total excitation number, sampling interval delta t, sampling point number N and excitation point position (x) of each times,ys) And the position of the receiving point (x)r,yr) The signal sequence xi is stored in the line sequence according to the excitation sequence and the sampling sequence, and the synthesized data file is still stored in a binary file.
4. The vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing method for internal diseases of railway track slab structures according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the establishing of the elastic longitudinal wave velocity model comprises the following steps:
an elastic longitudinal wave layered speed model is established according to the structure size and the strength, and the railway structure sequentially comprises a ballastless track plate (15), a mortar cushion layer and a concrete foundation under the mortar cushion layer from top to bottom; and (3) establishing a two-dimensional space model according to the track structure, setting the elastic longitudinal wave velocity, and completing the establishment of the two-dimensional longitudinal wave velocity model.
5. The vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing method for the internal damage of the railway track plate structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step five, reconstructing the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence comprises:
based on an elastic longitudinal wave velocity model and an observation position of a laminated structure of a ballastless track plate (15), elastic wave signal sequences of different moments of a source point excitation point and a receiving point are calculated and correlated with observation dataPreparing for imaging, the sequence mainly reflecting layer interfaces as the calculation is based on the reflection principle; the implementation mode of the step of reconstructing the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence is to load the data acquired in the step four, obtain the positions of an excitation point and a receiving point, and solve an elastic wave displacement equation based on an elastic longitudinal wave velocity model of a ballastless track plate (15) structure
Sum velocity stress equation
Wherein u is a displacement field, v is a propagation velocity of an acoustic wave in a medium, p is a stress, and v isxAnd vzThe elastic longitudinal wave velocities of mass points in the transverse and longitudinal directions respectively adopt isotropy, so that v isx＝vz。
6. The vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing method for the internal diseases of the railway track plate structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step five, the signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging comprises the following steps:
after the elastic longitudinal wave signal sequence is reconstructed, carrying out signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging for identifying the change of a layer interface;
the implementation mode of the signal sequence cross-correlation superposition imaging is that cross-correlation calculation is carried out on a reconstructed longitudinal wave signal sequence at the same time and a data sequence acquired in the step four, and an expression is as follows: s (x, t) R (x, t), S (x, t) and R (x, t) respectively represent a spatial position x, a reconstructed signal and an actually measured signal with an extrapolation time t, after the cross-correlation operation is carried out on the reconstructed signal and the actually measured signal at the same time, the values at all the times are superposed and imaged,
t is the total time length, and if the deep layer interface is not obvious, the superposition imaging can be carried out by adopting a normalization calculation formula:
or
Finally, a time series correlation imaging section is formed, wherein the transverse direction is the position, and the longitudinal direction is the time.
7. The vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing method for the internal defect of the railway track plate structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step five, the signal sequence amplitude focusing imaging comprises the following steps:
after the signal sequence is subjected to time-varying correlated superposition, carrying out amplitude focusing imaging on the signal sequence which varies with the position, wherein the amplitude focusing imaging is mainly used for identifying internal defect points through a multi-channel array and is used for identifying the internal defect points of a target body;
calculation during first-stage walking:
wherein, tmR is the travel time between a target point and an observation point in the ballastless track slab (15)mIs the distance between the sensor and a target point in the ballastless track plate (15), h is the horizontal distance between the target point and an observation point in the ballastless track plate (15), dmThe method comprises the following steps of calculating the vertical distance between a target point and an observation point in a ballastless track plate (15), v is the average speed of ultrasonic wave transmitted in the ballastless track plate (15), and v is: let the excitation time be t0Time unit is mu s, then the arrival time of the first wave is automatically read from the eight acoustic wave detection curves, the time difference delta t is made between two adjacent channels, and the difference is further determined by a formula viL is the distance between two sound wave sensors, and the speed v between two channels is calculated and obtainediFinally by the formula
Calculating the average elastic wave velocity of the measurement interval;
after the travel time calculation is finished, the through type
Amplitude superposition focusing imaging is carried out on the elastic wave signals, when defects exist in the target body, strong reflection can be formed on longitudinal wave sequences at corresponding positions and moments, and the signal intensity of the defect parts can be enhanced through multiple superposition; wherein R (d)m,tm) For the mth measured longitudinal wave signal sequence, R (x)i,yi) Is a receiving point (x)i,yi) The amplitude focusing imaging sequence is formed, wherein N is the total number of the collected signals, and N is the moving distance of the rail car/20 cm, and finally, an amplitude focusing imaging section is formed, the transverse direction is the position, and the longitudinal direction is the depth;
and finally, multiplying the longitudinal time of the time imaging section by the v calculated in the amplitude focusing imaging, converting the result into depth, and superposing the time superposition imaging section and the amplitude focusing imaging section to form a final imaging section, wherein the transverse direction is the position and the longitudinal direction is the depth.
8. The vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing system for the internal defect of the railway track slab structure, which realizes the vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing method for the internal defect of the railway track slab structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized by comprising:
the system comprises an electric rail trolley (1) arranged on a railway track, an acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) and a power supply battery (3) which are arranged above the electric rail trolley (1);
an electromagnetic impact hammer (4), an acoustic emission sensor array (5), an acoustic board (13) and a distance measuring encoder (16) are hung below the electric rail trolley (1);
the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) arranged above the electric rail trolley (1) is connected with the power supply battery (3) through a power supply cable (6);
an electromagnetic impact hammer (4) suspended below the electric rail trolley (1) is fixed below the electric rail trolley (1) through an excitation source rubber strip (12), and the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) is connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) through an excitation source control cable (7);
an acoustic emission sensor array (5) suspended below the electric rail trolley (1) is connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) through a signal transmission cable (8).
9. The vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing system for the internal diseases of the railway track plate structure is characterized in that a distance measuring encoder (16) hung below the electric track trolley (1) is connected with a rear axle of the electric track trolley (1) through a belt (17), and the distance measuring encoder (16) is connected with the acoustic emission multi-channel host (2) through a distance measuring signal cable (14);
the acoustic emission sensor array (5) is composed of eight acoustic emission sensor bodies (9), arranged below a cross rod (10) at equal intervals, and the cross rod (10) is fixed below the electric rail trolley (1) through a sensor rubber strip (11).
10. The vehicle-mounted non-contact array nondestructive testing system for the internal diseases of the railway track slab structure is characterized in that the sound-absorbing board (13) is positioned between the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) and the acoustic emission sensor array (5), and the transverse distances between the sound-absorbing board (13) and the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) and between the sound-absorbing board and the first acoustic emission sensor body (9) are the same;
the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) impacts the surface of the ballastless track plate (15), and the electromagnetic impact hammer (4) is controlled by an electromagnetic relay.
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