CN114199605A - Horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed and test method - Google Patents

Horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed and test method Download PDF

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CN114199605A
CN114199605A CN202210149056.8A CN202210149056A CN114199605A CN 114199605 A CN114199605 A CN 114199605A CN 202210149056 A CN202210149056 A CN 202210149056A CN 114199605 A CN114199605 A CN 114199605A
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drill string
horizontal drill
module
horizontal
test
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CN114199605B (en
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林伟
况雨春
朱光辉
杨博
潘磊
银星
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Karamay Joint Institute Of Advanced Science And Technology
Southwest Petroleum University
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Karamay Joint Institute Of Advanced Science And Technology
Southwest Petroleum University
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract

The invention provides a dynamics simulation test bed of a horizontal drill column system and a test method, which relate to the technical field of petroleum development simulation tests and comprise a horizontal drill column module, a power module, a rock breaking module and a measuring module, wherein a sectional type shaft is used for the simulation test bed, so that the restriction of the sectional type shaft on the horizontal drill column can be simulated, and the measuring module can be conveniently installed on the horizontal drill column between two sectional type shafts, so that the monitoring result of the motion state of the simulated horizontal drill column is more real and accurate; the invention also has a conductive slip ring measuring device, realizes accurate measurement of the motion state and the vibration characteristic of the horizontal drill column and the drill bit, solves the technical problem that the motion state of the horizontal drill column system cannot be well known and mastered in the prior art, and achieves the technical effect of real-time and accurate monitoring of the motion state and the vibration characteristic of the horizontal drill column and the drill bit.

Description

Horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed and test method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum development simulation tests, in particular to a horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed and a test method.
Background
The horizontal well drilling technology is an effective means capable of greatly improving the oil layer drilling rate, and is widely applied to the fields of window sidetracking of old wells and unconventional oil and gas exploration and development. In the prior art, although static analysis of a horizontal drill string is helpful for better controlling a drilling process and realizing prediction of a well track, an actual drilling process is a dynamic process, the stress of the horizontal drill string changes along with the change of time, and in order to better understand and master the motion state of the horizontal drill string of the horizontal well, facilitate scientific prediction of the well track and reveal the dynamic mechanism of failure of the horizontal drill string, dynamic analysis of the horizontal drill string of the horizontal well needs to be carried out. At present, a great deal of theoretical research is carried out on the mechanics problem of the horizontal drill string by a plurality of scholars at home and abroad, and a corresponding proportion model is established for theoretical analysis, however, due to the structural complexity of the well body of the horizontal well, the underground operation pipe string generates violent vibration in the drilling process, including transverse vibration, axial vibration and torsional vibration, and the stick-slip vibration is taken as the extreme condition of the torsional vibration, so that the working life of the PDC drill bit is seriously shortened, and the failure of a drill rod and an underground measuring instrument is possibly caused. Therefore, the dynamic characteristics of the horizontal drill string are urgently researched, and the dynamic mechanism of the coupling vibration of the horizontal drill string and the control method of the coupling vibration of the horizontal drill string are proved. Scholars at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of theoretical research on the mechanical problem of the horizontal drill string, establish an equal proportion model and theoretical calculation, build an indoor test bed for the dynamics of the horizontal drill string of the horizontal well, and analyze the horizontal vibration, the stick slip and the vortex of the horizontal drill string under the conditions of contact and non-contact between the horizontal drill string and the well wall, but the current test bed does not form an accurate measurement system, and the motion state and the vibration characteristic of the horizontal drill string and a drill bit can not be accurately monitored in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dynamic simulation test bed and a dynamic simulation test method for a horizontal drill string system, and aims to solve the technical problem that the motion state and the vibration characteristic of a horizontal drill string and a drill bit cannot be monitored accurately in real time in the prior art.
The invention provides a dynamic simulation test bed of a horizontal drill string system, which comprises a horizontal drill string module, a power module, a rock breaking module and a measuring module and is characterized in that the horizontal drill string module comprises a horizontal drill string and a subsection shaft, the subsection shaft is coaxially arranged and fixed on a shaft barrel seat, the subsection shaft at least comprises 2 sections, a preset distance is arranged between every 2 adjacent subsection shafts, and the horizontal drill string is arranged in the subsection shaft.
Further, the measuring module at least comprises 1 acceleration sensor, and each acceleration sensor is installed on the horizontal drill string and is positioned in the interval space between every 2 adjacent segmented wellbores.
Further, the moving space of the acceleration sensor moving axially does not exceed the spacing space between every 2 adjacent segmented wellbores.
Furthermore, an elastic module is arranged at the end part of the sectional shaft, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the elastic module.
Furthermore, the horizontal drill string module further comprises support rods fixedly connected with two ends of the horizontal drill string respectively, and the support rods are rotatably mounted on the support seat and can move axially along the support seat.
Furthermore, the simulation drill bit is a three-blade PDC micro drill bit.
Furthermore, the measuring module further comprises a test joint, the test joint is fixedly installed between the horizontal drill string and the supporting rod, and a strain gauge is installed on the test joint.
Furthermore, the measuring module further comprises a conductive slip ring, the conductive slip ring comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, the inner ring is connected with the test connector, and the outer ring is mounted on the guide mechanism and can move axially along the guide mechanism.
Further, the power module comprises a motor, the motor and the simulation drill bit end are both provided with an encoder, and the motor end is also provided with a frequency converter.
The invention also provides a dynamic simulation test method of the horizontal drill column system, which adopts the simulation test bed and comprises the following steps:
1) placing a rock block in a rock fixing frame, and then fixing the rock block;
2) starting a motor and a frequency converter of the power module, loading preset rotating speed and torque, starting a hydraulic cylinder of the power module, and pushing the test bed to move forwards by the hydraulic cylinder to carry out bit pressure loading;
3) starting a measuring module and recording the motion track of the horizontal drill column;
4) initializing an information acquisition module according to test requirements;
5) collecting test data, transmitting the test data to a computer for data analysis, and observing and recording test phenomena;
6) after the simulated drill bit drills into the rock block for a preset distance, the hydraulic cylinder, the frequency converter and the motor are closed;
7) and (3) repeating the steps 1), 2), 3), 4), 5) and 6) according to the test requirements until the test is stopped after the comparison test is carried out on the simulation test combination under different conditions.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a dynamics simulation test bed of a horizontal drill column system and a test method, wherein the dynamics simulation test bed comprises a horizontal drill column module, a power module, a rock breaking module and a measuring module, and the simulation test bed uses a sectional type shaft, so that the restriction of the sectional type shaft on the horizontal drill column can be simulated, and an acceleration sensor can be conveniently installed on the horizontal drill column between two sectional type shafts, so that the monitoring result of the motion state of the simulated horizontal drill column is more real and accurate; the invention also has a conductive slip ring measuring device, the conductive slip ring is used as a transmission device, corresponding voltage and torque signals are measured and output along with the rotation motion and the axial feeding motion of the horizontal drill stem, and the accurate measurement of the motion state and the vibration characteristic of the horizontal drill stem and the drill bit is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a sectioned well bore configuration provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a sectioned well bore along section line a-a according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Icon: 1-a horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed; 10-horizontal drill string module; 101-horizontal drill string; 102-a staged wellbore; 103-a well bore seat; 104-a support bar; 105-a support base; 106-test joints; 20-a power module; 201-axial power module; 202-a rotary power module; 30-a rock breaking module; 301-a mock drill bit; 302-a rock block; 303-rock fixing frame; 40-a measurement module; 401-an acceleration sensor; 402-a conductive slip ring; 50-an information acquisition module; 60-a computer; 701-a first rotating speed encoder, 702-a second rotating speed encoder; 801-first displacement encoder, 802-second displacement encoder.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a dynamics simulation test bed 1 of a horizontal drill string system, as shown in fig. 1, comprising a horizontal drill string module 10, a power module 20, a rock breaking module 30 and a measuring module 40,
the horizontal drill string module 10 comprises a horizontal drill string 101 and a sectioned well bore 102, as shown in fig. 2, the sectioned well bore 102 is coaxially arranged and fixed on a well bore seat 103, the sectioned well bore 102 at least comprises 2 sections, a preset distance is arranged between every 2 adjacent sectioned well bores 102, and the horizontal drill string 101 is arranged in the sectioned well bore 102.
In the actual drilling process, contact exists between a horizontal drill string and a well wall/casing, the vibration characteristic of a drill bit on a drill rod is directly influenced by the constraint of the casing on the horizontal drill string, and in consideration of the measurement of the vibration characteristic of the horizontal drill string and the constraint influence of the casing on the horizontal drill string, the obtained embodiment of the invention adopts an open casing, namely, a complete casing is divided into a plurality of distributed short casings, so that the constraint of the casing on the horizontal drill string can be simulated, and meanwhile, a measuring module 40 is conveniently installed on the horizontal drill string between the two casings.
Specifically, the measurement module 40 at least comprises 1 acceleration sensor 401, each acceleration sensor 401 is mounted on the horizontal drill string 101, since the acceleration sensor 401 will move axially along the horizontal drill string 101 during the simulated drilling process, in order to prevent the acceleration sensor 401 from touching the segmented wellbore 102 and causing damage, the mounting position of the acceleration sensor 401 is located in the space between every 2 adjacent segmented wellbores 102, and the moving space of the acceleration sensor 401 in the axial direction is located in the space between every 2 adjacent segmented wellbores 102.
Specifically, the acceleration sensor 401 is a 9-axis wireless acceleration sensor, and can measure the axial and lateral vibration characteristics of the horizontal drill string 101 during the drilling process, and the specific test mode is as follows: first, the orientation is determined by the quaternion = [1, 2, 3, 4] measured by the acceleration sensor 401, and the gravitational acceleration component in each direction is calculated:
Figure 901043DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
in the above formula, g1 、g2 、g3The gravity acceleration components in the directions of x, y and z are respectively, and g is the gravity acceleration;
finally, subtracting the measured acceleration from the gravity acceleration component to obtain the vibration acceleration in the directions of x, y and z:
Figure 607444DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,
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Figure 378271DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Figure 730755DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
the acceleration measured by the acceleration sensor 401 in the x, y, z directions,
Figure 610986DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
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Figure 469537DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
the vibration acceleration in the x, y and z directions obtained by final calculation are respectively.
The end of the sectioned well bore 102 is provided with an elastic module, the elastic module can buffer the acceleration sensor 401, a pressure sensor is arranged in the elastic module, and the experimental process is stopped after the system detects a pressure signal of the pressure sensor, so that the acceleration sensor is prevented from being damaged due to collision.
The horizontal drill string 101 is made of a quenched steel rod which has good bending and torsion resistance, can recover within a certain elastic deformation range and can bear large axial pressure;
specifically, the horizontal drill string module 10 further includes a support rod 104 fixedly connected to each end of the horizontal drill string 101, the support rod 104 is rotatably mounted on a support base 105 and can move axially along the support base 105, and the support rod 104 is added to restrain a lateral degree of freedom of the end of the horizontal drill string 101 when measuring an axial force and a torque.
The power module 20 comprises an axial power module 201 and a rotary power module 202, and the power module 20 is fixedly connected with one end of the horizontal drill string module 10 and is used for providing axial power and rotary power for the horizontal drill string module 10. The axial power module 201 is composed of a hydraulic system, and comprises a motor, a plunger pump, a hydraulic oil tank, an electromagnetic valve, an overflow valve and a hydraulic cylinder. The maximum output thrust of the motor can be changed by adjusting the overflow valve. The hydraulic system uses a variable frequency motor which can control the speed of axial feeding, namely the displacement of a pump. And a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with a base of the rotating motor to provide axial thrust for the system. The whole base of the rotating motor is connected with the guide rail through a linear bearing, and the motor base is connected with the horizontal drill string system through a thrust bearing, so that the base can transmit the axial force of the hydraulic cylinder to the drill rod, and meanwhile, the motor can axially slide on the guide rail. The rotary power module 202 provides driving torque for the system, and the module is composed of a variable frequency motor, a speed reducer and a frequency converter.
The rock breaking module 30 comprises a simulation drill bit 301, a rock block 302 and a rock fixing frame 303, and the rock breaking module 30 is fixedly connected with the other end of the horizontal drill string module 10. The simulation drill bit 301 adopts a three-blade PDC micro drill bit, and in order to truly reflect the influence of the drill bit-rock acting force, the three-blade PDC micro drill bit with the diameter of 60mm is adopted; the bit whirl is one of the main reasons for the premature failure of PDC bits, and during the drilling process of the bit, the instantaneous rotation center of the bit is constantly changed, so that the bit deviates from the geometric center and rotates and contacts with the well wall to form the bit whirl.
The measurement module 40 may measure at least one of the following data: the output shaft force and torque of the power module 20, the shaft force and torque of the mock drill bit 301, the axial feed and rotational speeds of the power module 20 and the horizontal drill string module 10, the vibration acceleration at various points of the horizontal drill string module 10.
Specifically, the measurement module 40 further includes a test joint 106, the test joint 106 is fixedly installed between the horizontal drill string 101 and the support rod 104, and a strain gauge is installed on the test joint 106, and when the horizontal drill string 101 is mechanically deformed, a resistance value of the strain gauge is correspondingly changed. The test joint can respond to changes of shaft force and torque with enough sensitivity, and simultaneously needs to meet the torsion resistance and the compression resistance of an experiment so as to prevent the sensor from being damaged due to overlarge axial load and torsion load.
Specifically, the measurement module 40 further includes a conductive slip ring 402, where the conductive slip ring 402 includes an inner ring connected to the test connection 106 and an outer ring mounted on and axially movable along a guide mechanism, the conductive slip ring 402 of this embodiment is a gold-plated conductive slip ring, and as a transmission device, the inner ring of the conductive slip ring 402 is fixed to the test connection 106 and can rotate with the horizontal drill string 101, and the outer ring thereof is constrained by a guide rail with a lateral degree of freedom, so that the conductive slip ring 402 can perform a stable axial feeding motion along the guide rail, and thus, the rotational motion of the horizontal drill string 101 is finally converted into an axial feeding motion of the outer ring of the conductive slip ring 402, and a measured voltage signal can be stably output.
The dynamics simulation test bed 1 of the horizontal drill string system of the embodiment further comprises encoders, specifically a first displacement encoder 701 and a second displacement encoder 702, wherein the first displacement encoder 701 is arranged on the side of the horizontal drill string 101 close to the motor, and the second displacement encoder 702 is arranged on the side of the simulated drill bit 301 and is used for monitoring the displacement and the motion trail of the horizontal drill string 101 and the simulated drill bit 301 and acquiring data; the drilling machine is also provided with a first rotating speed encoder 801 and a second rotating speed encoder 802, wherein the first rotating speed encoder 801 is arranged on the motor, and the second rotating speed encoder 802 is arranged at the position of the simulation drill bit 301 and is used for monitoring and acquiring the rotating speeds of the motor and the simulation drill bit 301; the first displacement encoder 701, the second displacement encoder 702, the first rotating speed encoder 801 and the second rotating speed encoder 802 transmit the acquired displacement, rotating speed and motion track data to the information acquisition device 50 through data lines; the information acquisition device 50 is connected to a computer 60, and the computer 60 analyzes the acquired data.
The embodiment also provides a horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test method, which adopts the horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bed 1 and mainly comprises the following steps:
1) placing a rock block in a rock fixing frame, and then fixing the rock block;
2) starting a motor and a frequency converter of the power module, loading preset rotating speed and torque, starting a hydraulic cylinder of the power module, and pushing the test bed to move forwards by the hydraulic cylinder to carry out bit pressure loading;
3) starting a measuring module and recording the motion track of the horizontal drill column;
4) initializing an information acquisition module according to test requirements;
5) collecting test data, transmitting the test data to a computer for data analysis, and observing and recording test phenomena;
6) after the simulated drill bit drills into the rock block for a preset distance, the hydraulic cylinder, the frequency converter and the motor are closed;
7) and (3) repeating the steps 1), 2), 3), 4), 5) and 6) according to the test requirements until the test is stopped after the comparison test is carried out on the simulation test combination under different conditions.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1.一种水平钻柱系统动力学模拟试验台,包括水平钻柱模块、动力模块、破岩模块和测量模块,其特征在于,所述水平钻柱模块包括水平钻柱和分段井筒,所述分段井筒同轴设置并固定于井筒座上,所述分段井筒至少包括2段,每2段相邻的所述分段井筒之间设置有预设距离,所述水平钻柱设置于所述分段井筒内。1. A horizontal drill string system dynamics simulation test bench, comprising a horizontal drill string module, a power module, a rock breaking module and a measurement module, wherein the horizontal drill string module comprises a horizontal drill string and a segmented wellbore, so The segmented wellbore is coaxially arranged and fixed on the wellbore seat, the segmented wellbore includes at least 2 sections, a preset distance is set between the adjacent segmented wellbore of each 2 sections, and the horizontal drill string is arranged on the In a segmented wellbore. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水平钻柱系统动力学模拟试验台,其特征在于,所述测量模块至少包括1个加速度传感器,每个所述加速度传感器均安装于所述水平钻柱上,并位于每2段相邻的所述分段井筒之间的间隔空间内。2 . The dynamic simulation test bench for a horizontal drill string system according to claim 1 , wherein the measurement module comprises at least one acceleration sensor, and each of the acceleration sensors is installed on the horizontal drill string. 3 . and located in the space between the adjacent segmented wellbore of every 2 sections. 3.根据权利要求2所述的一种水平钻柱系统动力学模拟试验台,其特征在于,所述加速度传感器轴向移动的活动空间不超过每2段相邻的所述分段井筒之间的间隔空间。3 . The dynamic simulation test bench for a horizontal drill string system according to claim 2 , wherein the active space for the axial movement of the acceleration sensor does not exceed the interval between the adjacent segmented wellbores of every 2 sections. 4 . space. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水平钻柱系统动力学模拟试验台,其特征在于,所述分段井筒的端部设置有弹性模块,所述弹性模块内设置有压力传感器。4 . The dynamic simulation test bench for a horizontal drill string system according to claim 1 , wherein an elastic module is arranged at the end of the segmented wellbore, and a pressure sensor is arranged in the elastic module. 5 . 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水平钻柱系统动力学模拟试验台,其特征在于,所述水平钻柱模块还包括与所述水平钻柱的两端分别固定连接的支撑杆,所述支撑杆可旋转的安装于支撑座上并可沿所述支撑座轴向移动。5 . The dynamic simulation test bench for a horizontal drill string system according to claim 1 , wherein the horizontal drill string module further comprises support rods that are respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the horizontal drill string, so the The support rod is rotatably mounted on the support base and can move axially along the support base. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种水平钻柱系统动力学模拟试验台,其特征在于,所述模拟钻头为三刀翼PDC微钻头。6 . The dynamic simulation test bench for a horizontal drill string system according to claim 1 , wherein the simulated drill bit is a three-blade PDC micro-drill. 7 . 7.根据权利要求5所述的一种水平钻柱系统动力学模拟试验台,其特征在于,所述测量模块还包括测试接头,所述测试接头固定安装于所述水平钻柱与所述支撑杆之间,所述测试接头上安装有应变片。7 . The dynamic simulation test bench for a horizontal drill string system according to claim 5 , wherein the measurement module further comprises a test joint, and the test joint is fixedly installed on the horizontal drill string and the support. 8 . Between the rods, strain gauges are mounted on the test joints. 8.根据权利要求7所述的一种水平钻柱系统动力学模拟试验台,其特征在于,所述测量模块还包括导电滑环,所述导电滑环包括内圈和外圈,所述内圈与所述测试接头连接,所述外圈安装于导向机构上并可沿着所述导向机构轴向移动。8 . The dynamic simulation test bench for a horizontal drill string system according to claim 7 , wherein the measurement module further comprises a conductive slip ring, and the conductive slip ring comprises an inner ring and an outer ring, and the inner ring The ring is connected with the test connector, and the outer ring is mounted on the guide mechanism and can move axially along the guide mechanism. 9.根据权利要求1所述的一种水平钻柱系统动力学模拟试验台,其特征在于,所述动力模块包括电机,在所述电机和所述模拟钻头端均安装有编码器,在所述电机端还安装有变频器。9 . The dynamic simulation test bench for a horizontal drill string system according to claim 1 , wherein the power module comprises a motor, and an encoder is installed on both the motor and the simulated drill bit, and an encoder is installed at the end of the motor. 10 . A frequency converter is also installed at the motor end. 10.一种水平钻柱系统动力学模拟试验方法,采用如权利要求1-9任一项所述的模拟试验台,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:10. A method for simulating the dynamics of a horizontal drill string system, using the simulation test bench according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, comprising the following steps: 1)将岩石块放置在岩石固定架中,然后将所述岩石块固定;1) Place the rock block in the rock holder, and then fix the rock block; 2)启动动力模块的电机和变频器,加载预定的转速和扭矩,再启动所述动力模块的液压缸,液压缸推动试验台向前运动,进行钻压加载;2) Start the motor and frequency converter of the power module, load the predetermined speed and torque, and then start the hydraulic cylinder of the power module, and the hydraulic cylinder pushes the test bench forward to load the WOB; 3)启动测量模块,记录水平钻柱的运动轨迹;3) Start the measurement module and record the movement trajectory of the horizontal drill string; 4)根据试验要求,初始化信息采集模块;4) According to the test requirements, initialize the information acquisition module; 5)采集试验数据,并将试验数据传输到进行数据分析的计算机上,并观察和记录试验现象;5) Collect test data, transmit the test data to the computer for data analysis, and observe and record the test phenomenon; 6)待模拟钻头钻进到岩石块预定距离后关闭液压缸、变频器和电机;6) Turn off the hydraulic cylinder, frequency converter and motor after the simulated drill bit has drilled into the rock block for a predetermined distance; 7)根据试验需要,重复步骤1)、2)、3)、4)、5)、6),直到对不同条件下的模拟试验组合进行了对比试验后,停止试验。7) According to the test needs, repeat steps 1), 2), 3), 4), 5), and 6) until the comparison test is performed on the simulation test combinations under different conditions, and then the test is stopped.
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CN115901054A (en) * 2022-11-25 2023-04-04 西南石油大学 Drill string power detection system and detection method thereof
CN115935559A (en) * 2023-02-20 2023-04-07 中海油田服务股份有限公司 Downhole tool bending simulation method and device
CN116296183A (en) * 2023-03-17 2023-06-23 西南石油大学 Multi-directional excitation coupling vibration test bench

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