CN114199499B - Heat storage element for large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment - Google Patents
Heat storage element for large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN114199499B CN114199499B CN202210139554.4A CN202210139554A CN114199499B CN 114199499 B CN114199499 B CN 114199499B CN 202210139554 A CN202210139554 A CN 202210139554A CN 114199499 B CN114199499 B CN 114199499B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of hypersonic wind tunnel test equipment, and discloses a heat storage element for a large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment. The heat storage element is a metal element which is layered and stacked in the heat storage heater and used for heat storage, and comprises a basic body and a matching block body, wherein the basic body is a square grid body which is layered and filled in a central cavity of a lining cylinder of the heat storage heater and is arranged in an array manner on each layer, and the matching block body is a matching grid body which corresponds to the basic body and is suitable for being filled in the edge of the lining cylinder of the heat storage heater; gaps which face the incoming flow and are communicated up and down are processed on the basic body and the matching block body, and the gap ratio of the heat storage element is 0.33; the weight of each base body and the matching block body is greater than or equal to the buoyancy force received by each in the flow field. The heat storage element is not moved, does not drop slag or float upwards, is convenient to disassemble, assemble and fix, ensures the reliability of the heat storage heater, and improves the cleanliness of test airflow and the quality and efficiency of wind tunnel tests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hypersonic wind tunnel test equipment, and particularly relates to a heat storage element for a large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment.
Background
In a conventional hypersonic wind tunnel using air as a test medium, because the gas flow velocity is extremely high and reaches Mach number 5 to Mach number 10, the air flow is violently expanded through a spray pipe to cause condensation of water vapor and carbon dioxide, so that the nonuniformity of a flow field is caused, and test data is inaccurate, which is not allowed in a hypersonic wind tunnel pneumatic test. Therefore, a heat accumulating type heater is required to be arranged in a conventional hypersonic wind tunnel taking large-flow high-speed air as a medium, and the airflow is heated to a required condensation preventing temperature. As the main application of the hypersonic wind tunnel is to develop a high-precision pneumatic test, the clean and pollution-free test airflow at the outlet of the heater is inevitably required.
The conventional hypersonic wind tunnel has large air flow and high heating temperature, the maximum net heating power of the air reaches 30Mw, and a heat accumulating type electric heater is adopted for reducing the power of a power distribution system. The heat accumulating electric heater has the working principle that a metal electric heating element is used as a heating body, the heat accumulating element is heated to a required temperature in a conduction or radiation mode, then cold air enters from the lower end of the heater and carries out turbulent heat exchange with the heat accumulating element, airflow is heated to a required condensation preventing temperature, hot air flows out from the upper end of the heater, and a supersonic flow field is formed in a wind tunnel test section. The function of the heat storage element is therefore to heat the incoming air to the required temperature.
The flow velocity of airflow in the heat accumulating type heater of the hypersonic wind tunnel reaches 30m/s at most, the highest service temperature is 700 ℃, the highest operation pressure is 8MPa, and the maximum airflow is 180 kg/s. The heat storage element used in the heat storage heater is required to work in the high-temperature, high-pressure, large-flow and high-speed gas environment for a long time.
A pebble bed heat storage type heater is commonly used in the hypersonic wind tunnel, and a pebble bed heat storage element is a heat storage small ball with the diameter of phi 25.4mm and is made of ceramics.
The pebble bed heat storage element has the following defects: a. the contact area between the heat storage small ball and the electric heating element is small, the heat transfer efficiency is low, the heating rate of the heat storage small ball is low, the preheating time is long, the local overtemperature damage of the electric heating element can be caused, and the reliability of the electric heating element and the wind tunnel test efficiency are influenced; b. the heat storage small balls are naturally stacked in the container, and under the working condition of repeated expansion and contraction for a long time, the small balls can irregularly move and extrude and generate larger stress, so that the lining cylinder and the electric heating element are deformed or even damaged, and the reliability of the electric heating element is reduced; c. the heat storage small balls are ceramic balls, so that slag is easy to fall off, the slag falls more seriously in the mutual extrusion and friction processes of the ceramic balls, test airflow is polluted, a sand blasting effect exists on a test model, and the precision of test data is influenced; d. in the running process of the hypersonic wind tunnel, because high-pressure large-flow airflow flows to a downstream vacuum system, the heat storage small balls on the uppermost layer are easy to float upwards under the action of buoyancy, and the electricity-leading connection and downstream equipment in the upper end socket can be damaged, so that the running safety of the wind tunnel is influenced; e. the heat storage pellets are small in size, large in quantity and movable, are inconvenient to install and disassemble in the container, cannot fix the electric heating element, can cause the electric heating element to shift and incline, and affect the reliability of the electric heating element and the wind tunnel test efficiency.
Currently, there is a need to develop a heat storage element for use in high flow, high temperature, high pressure, high velocity gas environments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat storage element for a large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment.
The invention relates to a heat storage element for a large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment, which is characterized in that the heat storage element is a metal element which is stacked in a heat storage heater in a layered mode and used for heat storage, and comprises a basic body and a matching block body, wherein the basic body is a square grid body which is filled in a central cavity of an inner lining cylinder of the heat storage heater in a layered mode and is arranged in an array mode on each layer, the matching block body is a matching grid body which corresponds to the basic body and is suitable for being filled at the edge of the inner lining cylinder of the heat storage heater, the matching grid body is processed by adopting the basic body, and one surface of the matching grid body is an arc-shaped curved surface matched with the inner lining cylinder;
the basic body and the matching block bodies are in a grid body type, gaps which face the incoming flow and are communicated with each other in an up-down mode and are 3-5 mm wide are machined in the body, the thickness of grids between the gaps is 6-10 mm, the thickness of the grids is 2 times of the width of the gaps, and the gap ratio is 0.33;
the size deviation of the outer surfaces of the basic body and the matching block body is less than +/-0.1 mm, the planeness is less than 0.05mm, the non-parallelism is less than 0.1mm, and the roughness is less than 6.3 mu m;
the weight of each base body and the matching block body is greater than or equal to the buoyancy force received by each in the flow field.
Furthermore, the basic body and the matching block are integrally processed by precision casting, or an outer frame is cast firstly and then the grid plate is inserted and welded.
Further, the thickness range of the outer walls of the basic body and the matching block body is 5 mm-12 mm.
Furthermore, the basic body and the matching block body are made of heat-resistant steel or alloy.
The heat storage element for the large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment is cast in a segmented and blocked manner; each layer of heat storage element consists of a plurality of basic bodies and a plurality of matched blocks with a plurality of specifications and a plurality of numbers, and is vertically arranged in the lining cylinder on the inner side of the heat insulation layer of the heat storage heater together with the electric heating element. The length and the width of the basic body are determined according to the heat storage inner diameter, the total heat storage height and the arrangement mode of the electric heating elements so as to be convenient to install; the matching block is machined from the basic mold. The height of the basic body and the height of the matching block are comprehensively determined according to the internal airflow pressure and the flow velocity, so that the weight of the basic body is ensured to be larger than the buoyancy force, and the basic body and the matching block cannot float upwards. The outer surfaces of the basic bodies and the matching blocks are precisely machined, so that the basic bodies and the matching blocks are tightly attached to each other after the heat storage elements are installed, and each layer of heat storage elements are kept horizontal and not inclined. And the secondary machining is not carried out on the inner runner wall surfaces of each basic body and the matching blocks, the original roughness after casting is kept, and the turbulent flow heat exchange efficiency of airflow and the wall surfaces is improved. In order to guarantee the strength and the heat exchange area, the thickness range of the outer wall of the basic body and the outer wall of the matching block body is 5 mm-12 mm.
The heat storage element for the large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment has the following advantages that:
a. each basic body of the heat storage element is cast in a segmented and blocking mode and is a regular square grid body, the heat storage element can be guaranteed to be in complete contact with the side wall surface of the electric heating element, the contact area is large, the heat transfer efficiency is high, the heating rate of the heat storage element is high, the preheating time is short, heat of the electric heating element can be timely transferred to the heat storage element, the local over-temperature risk of the electric heating element is reduced, and the reliability and wind tunnel test efficiency of the electric heating element are improved.
b. Each layer of heat storage element is vertically installed in the lining barrel on the inner side of the heat insulation layer in a building block mode, acting force between the heat storage elements is mainly gravity in the vertical direction, and under the working condition of repeated thermal expansion and cold contraction for a long time, each basic body and the matching blocks only move up and down in the vertical direction, so that the lining barrel and the electric heating element cannot be stressed and deformed or even damaged.
c. Each basic body and the matching block are cast by heat-resistant steel or alloy, so that slag is not dropped, and the cleanliness of test airflow is ensured.
d. Under expend with heat and contract with cold operating mode, every layer of heat accumulation component is the same along direction of height displacement, for whole removal, can not extrude each other, and frictional force is little, can not lead to the oxide layer to drop, has ensured experimental air current cleanliness factor.
e. The height of each layer of the heat storage element can be adjusted according to the internal airflow pressure and the flow velocity, so that the weight of the heat storage element is greater than the buoyancy force under various working conditions, the heat storage element cannot float upwards, the electricity leading connection and downstream equipment cannot be damaged, and the safe operation of the wind tunnel is ensured.
f. Each basic body of the heat storage element is a regular square grid body, the electric heating element is positioned, meanwhile, a special clamp can be adopted for quick installation or disassembly, and the installation and the disassembly are convenient.
The heat storage element for the large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment does not move, drop slag and float upwards, is convenient to disassemble, assemble and fix, ensures the reliability of the heat storage heater, and improves the cleanliness of test airflow and the quality and efficiency of wind tunnel tests.
Drawings
Fig. 1a is a schematic structural diagram (front view) of a basic body in a heat storage element for a large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment according to the invention;
fig. 1b is a schematic structural view (side view) of a basic body in a heat storage element for a large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-velocity gas environment of the present invention;
fig. 1c is a schematic structural view (top view) of a basic body in the heat storage element for a large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a perspective view of a basic body in the heat storage element for a large flow rate high temperature high pressure high velocity gas environment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a storage heater of embodiment 1 (front sectional view);
fig. 4 is a plan sectional view of a storage heater of embodiment 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing an arrangement of a basic body and a mating block in the storage heater of embodiment 1.
In the figure, 1. a basic body; 2. matching blocks; 3. a gap; 4. a grid plate; 5. an outer wall.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention relates to a heat storage element for a large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment, which is a metal element stacked in a heat storage heater in a layered mode and used for heat storage, and comprises a basic body 1 and a matching block body 2, wherein the basic body 1 is a square grid body which is filled in a central cavity of a lining cylinder of the heat storage heater in a layered mode and is arrayed on each layer, the matching block body 2 is a matching grid body which corresponds to the basic body 1 and is suitable for being filled at the edge of the lining cylinder of the heat storage heater, the matching grid body is processed by adopting the basic body 1, and one surface of the matching grid body is an arc-shaped curved surface matched with the lining cylinder;
the basic body 1 and the matching block 2 are both in a grid type, gaps 3 which face incoming flow and are through from top to bottom and are 3 mm-5 mm wide are machined in the body, the thickness of grid plates 4 between the gaps 3 is 6 mm-10 mm, the thickness of the grid plates 4 is 2 times of the width of the gaps 3, and the gap ratio is 0.33;
the size deviation of the outer surfaces of the basic body 1 and the matching block 2 is less than +/-0.1 mm, the planeness is less than 0.05mm, the non-parallelism is less than 0.1mm, and the roughness is less than 6.3 mu m;
the weight of each basic body 1 and the mating block 2 is equal to or greater than the buoyancy each receives in the flow field.
Further, the basic body 1 and the matching block 2 are integrally processed by precision casting, or are processed by firstly casting an outer frame and then insert-welding the grid plate 4.
Further, the thickness of the outer wall 5 of the basic body 1 and the outer wall 5 of the matching block body 2 ranges from 5mm to 12 mm.
Further, the basic body 1 and the matching block 2 are made of heat-resistant steel or alloy.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1a, 1b, 1c and 2, the basic body 1 of the present embodiment is a rectangular parallelepiped with a length of 100mm × a width of 100mm × a height of 150 mm; the width of the gap 3 of the grid is 3mm, the thickness of the grid plate 4 is 6mm, the thickness of the grid plate 4 is 2 times of the width of the gap 3, and the gap ratio is 0.33; the depth of the gap 3 of the grid is 150mm, and the thickness of the outer wall 5 is 5 mm.
The basic body 1 of the embodiment is formed by precision casting, a 3mm gap can be directly cast, or a 12mm gap can be cast first and then a 6mm grid plate is inserted and welded.
The basic body 1 and the mating block 2 of the present embodiment are used for the storage heater shown in fig. 3 and 4, and the storage heater is composed of an electric heating element, a heat storage element, a heat insulating layer, a heater case, and the like.
The basic body 1 and the mating block 2 of the present embodiment are arranged as shown in fig. 5.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, but it can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications and refinements of the present invention will readily occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A heat storage element for a large-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment is characterized in that the heat storage element is a metal element which is stacked in a heat storage heater in a layered mode and used for heat storage, and comprises a basic body (1) and a matching block body (2), wherein the basic body (1) is a square grid body which is filled in a central cavity of an inner lining cylinder of the heat storage heater in a layered mode and arrayed in each layer, the matching block body (2) is a matching grid body which corresponds to the basic body (1) and is suitable for being filled at the edge of the inner lining cylinder of the heat storage heater, the matching grid body is processed by the basic body (1), and one surface of the matching grid body is an arc-shaped curved surface matched with the inner lining cylinder;
the basic body (1) and the matching block body (2) are both in a grid body type, gaps (3) which are in the direction of incoming flow and are through from top to bottom and 3 mm-5 mm wide are machined in the body, the thickness of grid plates (4) between the gaps (3) is 6 mm-10 mm, the thickness of the grid plates (4) is 2 times of the width of the gaps (3), and the gap ratio is 0.33;
the size deviation of the outer surfaces of the basic body (1) and the matching block body (2) is less than +/-0.1 mm, the planeness is less than 0.05mm, the non-parallelism is less than 0.1mm, and the roughness is less than 6.3 mu m;
the weight of each basic body (1) and the matching block body (2) is more than or equal to the buoyancy force respectively suffered by the basic bodies and the matching block bodies in the flow field.
2. The heat storage element for high-flow, high-temperature, high-pressure and high-speed gas environment according to claim 1, wherein the basic body (1) and the matching block (2) are integrally processed by precision casting, or are processed by casting an outer frame and then insert-welding the grid plate (4).
3. The heat storage element for high-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the outer wall (5) of the basic body (1) and the matching block body (2) ranges from 5mm to 12 mm.
4. The heat storage element for high-flow, high-temperature, high-pressure and high-speed gas environment according to claim 1, wherein the basic body (1) and the matching block (2) are made of heat-resistant steel or alloy.
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| CN115266013B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-02 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Lining cylinder for high-flow high-temperature high-pressure high-speed gas environment and mounting method |
| CN117404948A (en) * | 2023-10-24 | 2024-01-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十六研究所 | Building block type phase-change heat storage unit and assembly method thereof |
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