WO1996032617B1 - Ceramic heat exchanger system - Google Patents
Ceramic heat exchanger systemInfo
- Publication number
- WO1996032617B1 WO1996032617B1 PCT/US1996/005173 US9605173W WO9632617B1 WO 1996032617 B1 WO1996032617 B1 WO 1996032617B1 US 9605173 W US9605173 W US 9605173W WO 9632617 B1 WO9632617 B1 WO 9632617B1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- ceramic heat
- tube
- tile
- tube sheet
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract 63
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 12
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Abstract
A heat exchanger (10) provided with ceramic tubes (60) is disclosed, for use as a recuperator in a furnace for example, which provides a tube-to-tube sheet seal including two tile pieces (58, 59) engaging a ball seal (70) which holds the ends of the ceramic tubes in the tube sheet assemblies (51). The ball seals permit axial and angular movement of the tubes (60) relative to the tube sheet assemblies (51) to reduce tube breakage and seal failures due to differential thermal expansion and the brittleness of the ceramic tubes. The tube sheet assemblies (51) are metallic and are designed with a double wall configuration containing cooling ducts (65) to prevent melting due to excessive temperatures.
Claims
1. A ceramic heat exchanger for a heat recovery system comprising: a shell having a first tube sheet at a first end and a second tube sheet at a second end; at least one ceramic heat exchanger tube disposed between said first tube sheet and said second tube sheet, said ceramic heat exchanger tube mounted into seal assembly means on each of said tube sheets; and each of said seal assembly means allowing for both axial tube expansion and contraction as well as angular freedom of motion to prevent the development of a moment force on said ceramic heat exchanger tube.
2. A method of using the ceramic heat exchanger of claim 1, wherein said heat exchanger operates in the temperature range of about 900°C to about 1600°C, and wherein heat transfer is achieved by a combination of convective means and radiant means. 54 -
3. A ceramic heat exchanger for a heat recovery system, comprising: a shell having a first tube sheet at a first end and a second tube sheet at a second end; at least one ceramic heat exchanger tube disposed between said first tube sheet and said second tube sheet, said ceramic heat exchanger tube mounted into seal assemblies on said tube sheets; and each of said seal assemblies comprising a ball seal mounted in said tube sheets, said ball seal for allowing tube expansion and contraction without displacing said tube sheets, said ball seal having a radius of curvature centered from the centerline of said ceramic heat exchanger tube in two planes which allows an angular freedom of motion for said ceramic heat exchanger tube.
4. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 3, wherein said shell is a refractory lined shell having disposed between said first tube sheet and said second tube sheet, a plurality of ceramic heat exchanger tubes. - 55
5. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 3, wherein said ball seal is mounted in each said tube sheets by a first tile piece and a second tile piece, said first tile piece being a tube side tile and said second tile piece being a process side tile, said first and second tiles joined at a junction which retains the ball seal and has a slightly larger radius in two planes than the radius of said ball seal.
6. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 3, wherein said ball seal has a first radius and is mounted in each said tube sheets by a first tile piece and a second tile piece, said first tile piece being a tube side tile and said second tile piece being a process side tile; said first and second tile pieces joined at a junction, said junction having a curved surface, said curved surface having a second radius in the transverse plane which is greater than said first radius of said ball seal, and said curved surface having a third radius in the longitudinal plane which is greater than said first radius of said ball seal; and each radius formed at an offset to cause the longitudinal curve of said first and second tile pieces to approach the surface of said ball seal at each end of said curved surface of said junction. 56
7. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 5, wherein said junction having a curved surface is filled with ceramic fiber to form a seal and to act as a cushion for said ball seal.
8. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 3, wherein each of said tube sheets is comprised of two parallel metal wall plates having two sides, said two sides each having disposed thereon a refractory material, said parallel wall plates having disposed there-between a metal tubing which is concentric to the centerline of said ceramic heat exchanger tube.
9. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 7, wherein each of said tube sheets is comprised of two parallel metal wall plates having two sides, said two sides each having disposed thereon a refractory material, said parallel wall plates joined by a metal tubing, said tubing concentric to the centerline of said ceramic heat exchanger tube; and
said tube side tile and said process side tile each having a flange which overlaps said refractory material disposed on said two sides of said parallel plates.
10. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 9, wherein said tubing disposed between said two parallel wall plates, forms a cooling duct thereby for pumping a cooling gas therethrough.
11. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 9, wherein the location of said centerline of said ceramic heat exchanger tube within said tube sheets forms a triangular pattern or a rectangular pattern.
12. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 9, wherein said tube sheets can be circular, triangular, rectangular or polygonal in shape.
13. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 9, wherein each of said tube sheets is comprised of said parallel wall plates joined by said metal tubing, said tubing concentric to said centerline of said ceramic heat exchanger tube; and - 58 -
spacer plates disposed at the end of rows comprised of said at least one ceramic heat exchanger tube, said spacer plates for providing an even coolant flow between said parallel wall plates.
14. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 9, wherein said parallel wall plates have at least one thermocouple means disposed in a cooling duct formed therebetween.
15. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 9, wherein each of said tube sheets has a single fixed mounting point in said shell and at least one movable mount means for allowing expansion in a radial direction from said fixed mounting point.
16. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 9, wherein each of said tube sheets has fuLl seal contact with said shell during any deflection due to thermal expansion and contraction.
17. A ceramic heat exchanger for a heat recovery system, comprising: a shell having a refractory lining, said shell having a first tube sheet assembly at a first end and a second tube sheet assembly at a substantially opposing end; - 59 -
each said tube sheet assemblies comprising a hot side plate and a process side plate, said hot side plate and said process side plate being substantially parallel to each other and having therebetween a hollow spacing means; at least one ceramic heat exchanger tube mounted between said first tube sheet assembly and said second tube sheet assembly, each said ceramic heat exchanger tube having a centerline, said hollow spacing means between said parallel plates of said tube sheets being concentric to said centerline; and at least two ball seals holding said at least one ceramic heat exchanger tube in said tube sheet assemblies, each said ball seal having a radius of curvature centered from said centerline of each said ceramic heat exchanger tube in two planes which allows an angular freedom of motion for said ceramic heat exchanger tube.
18. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 17, wherein said shell has a hot gas inlet and a hot gas outlet between said tube sheet assemblies, each said tube sheet assemblies comprised of parallel steel plates having a refractory material coating on both sides, said hollow spacing means disposed between said parallel plates for passing a cooling gas therethrough, and a process gas inlet and outlet chamber on each end outside each said tube sheet assembly. - 60 -
19. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 17, wherein said shell has a process gas inlet and a process gas outlet between said tube sheets assemblies, each said tube sheet assemblies comprised of parallel steel plates having a refractory material coating on both sides, said hollow spacing means disposed between said parallel plates for passing a cooling gas therethrough, and a hot gas inlet and a hot gas outlet chamber on each end outside each said tube sheet assembly.
20. A method of using the ceramic heat exchanger of claim
18, wherein said cooling gas can be ambient air, or steam at about 100 to about 150°C.
21. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 18, wherein said ball seal is held in each said tube sheet assembly between a hot face tile and a cold face tile, and a refractory material is cast on the surfaces of said hot face tile and said cold face tile.
22. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 21, wherein the ratio of thickness of said refractory material cast on the surface of said hot face tile to the thickness of said refractory material cast on the surface of said cold face tile is adjusted to the same ratio as the hot side - 61 -
temperature and cold side temperature above the cooled temperature of said tube sheet assembly.
23. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 21, wherein said cold face tile has a hexagonal shaped opening on centerline to allow a matching tool means to engage threads on said cold face tile into threads on said hot face tile.
24. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 21, wherein the outside diameter of said ceramic heat exchanger tube is ground to a diameter which allows a slip fit with the inside diameter of said ball seal.
25. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 21, wherein each of said ceramic heat exchanger tubes is independently removable.
26. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 21, wherein each of said ceramic heat exchanger tubes can be plugged in the event of a failure of said ceramic heat exchanger tubes.
27. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 21, wherein said tube sheet assemblies can accommodate two or more ceramic heat exchanger tube sizes. - 62 -
28. The ceramic heat exchanger of claim 21, wherein said tube sheet assemblies can accommodate said heat exchanger tubes having centerline spacing between adjacent tubes of two to three times the outside diameter of an exchanger tube.
29. A high temperature heat recovery system, comprising: a high temperature furnace wherein exhaust gas is between about 900 and 1,500°C; a high temperature ceramic heat exchanger means having tube sheets and ceramic tubes, which transfers the heat from a hot gas to a process gas stream; a hot gas environmental cleanup means; a stack means for venting said exhaust gas to the atmosphere; a process gas pumping means to pass said process gas through said high temperature ceramic heat exchanger means where heat from said hot gas is recovered; a combustor means for mixing preheated process gas with fuel on its introduction to said high temperature furnace; and a means for providing cooling gas to said tube sheets in said high temperature ceramic heat exchanger means.
30. The high temperature heat recovery system of claim 29, wherein said high temperature ceramic heat exchanger means comprises two or more heat exchangers in series.
31. The high temperature heat recovery system of claim 29, wherein said high temperature ceramic heat exchanger means comprises two or more heat exchangers in parallel.
32. The high temperature heat recovery system of claim 29, wherein said high temperature ceramic heat exchanger means comprises two or more heat exchangers in a combination of series and parallel arrangements.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96912760A EP0817949A4 (en) | 1995-04-14 | 1996-04-09 | Ceramic heat exchanger system |
| AU55460/96A AU5546096A (en) | 1995-04-14 | 1996-04-09 | Ceramic heat exchanger system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/422,097 US5630470A (en) | 1995-04-14 | 1995-04-14 | Ceramic heat exchanger system |
| US08/422,097 | 1995-04-14 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1996032617A1 WO1996032617A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
| WO1996032617B1 true WO1996032617B1 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
Family
ID=23673379
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1996/005173 WO1996032617A1 (en) | 1995-04-14 | 1996-04-09 | Ceramic heat exchanger system |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5630470A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0817949A4 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5546096A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2218042A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996032617A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6273180B1 (en) | 1998-12-23 | 2001-08-14 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'eploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Heat exchanger for preheating an oxidizing gas |
| US6499768B2 (en) * | 2001-05-30 | 2002-12-31 | Asm International N.V. | Joint assembly for connecting two tubes |
| US6896041B2 (en) * | 2001-08-14 | 2005-05-24 | H2Gen Innovations, Inc. | Heat exchange reactor having integral housing assembly |
| EP1304159A1 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-04-23 | Methanol Casale S.A. | Method and reactor for carrying out chemical reactions in pseudo-isothermal conditions |
| ITMI20022449A1 (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-05-20 | Tycon Technoglass S P A | HEAT EXCHANGER WITH SILICON CARBIDE TUBE BAND E |
| US20050034847A1 (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2005-02-17 | Robert Graham | Monolithic tube sheet and method of manufacture |
| US7294314B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2007-11-13 | Graham Robert G | Heat exchangers with novel ball joints and assemblies and processes using such heat exchangers |
| US7128005B2 (en) * | 2003-11-07 | 2006-10-31 | Carter Jr Greg | Non-polluting high temperature combustion system |
| US20080199554A1 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2008-08-21 | Husky Injection Molding Systems Ltd. | Method and apparatus for coupling melt conduits in a molding system and/or a runner system |
| US20050255189A1 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2005-11-17 | Manda Jan M | Method and apparatus for coupling melt conduits in a molding system and/or a runner system |
| US6948453B1 (en) * | 2004-08-13 | 2005-09-27 | Equistar Chemicals, Lp | Hydrocarbon cracking |
| US20080118310A1 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2008-05-22 | Graham Robert G | All-ceramic heat exchangers, systems in which they are used and processes for the use of such systems |
| US20080135452A1 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2008-06-12 | Alnoor Bandali | Hydrocarbon cracking |
| ES2374080T3 (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2012-02-13 | Ib.Ntec | THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEM THAT PRACTICES A HEAT PRODUCTION DEVICE THROUGH CIRCULATION OF A PRESSURE FLUID THROUGH A PLURALITY OF PIPES. |
| US8752615B2 (en) * | 2008-01-08 | 2014-06-17 | General Electric Company | Methods and systems for controlling temperature in a vessel |
| CN104981677B (en) * | 2013-02-12 | 2018-01-02 | 达纳加拿大公司 | Heat exchanger with automatic align fittings |
| US9581395B2 (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2017-02-28 | Neptune-Benson, Llc | Multi-segmented tube sheet |
| US9302205B1 (en) | 2014-10-14 | 2016-04-05 | Neptune-Benson, Llc | Multi-segmented tube sheet |
| US9127896B1 (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-09-08 | Neptune-Benson, Llc | Multi-segmented tube sheet |
| US9303924B1 (en) * | 2014-10-14 | 2016-04-05 | Neptune-Benson, Llc | Multi-segmented tube sheet |
| US20180142966A1 (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2018-05-24 | General Electric Company | Tube sheet apparatus and heat exchanger |
| EP3564613A1 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-06 | Mann+Hummel GmbH | Heat exchanger, air intake system with a heat exchanger and method for mounting a heat exchanger |
| CN109442998B (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2020-03-24 | 长兴创智科技有限公司 | Furnace tube |
| US11320206B2 (en) | 2019-10-04 | 2022-05-03 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Pressure vessel with barrier layer |
| US20210278147A1 (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-09-09 | Uchicago Argonne, Llc | Additively Manufactured Modular Heat Exchanger Accommodating High Pressure, High Temperature and Corrosive Fluids |
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| US1235057A (en) * | 1916-04-22 | 1917-07-31 | Thomas H B Roberson | Radiator. |
| GB191175A (en) * | 1921-10-11 | 1923-01-11 | Heenan & Froude Ltd | Improvements in apparatus for transferring heat between air or gases and liquids |
| GB927573A (en) * | 1960-04-01 | 1963-05-29 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Improved heat-exchange assembly |
| US3306636A (en) * | 1964-10-12 | 1967-02-28 | Ralph F Hereth | Flexible pressure-compensated pipe coupling |
| GB1134411A (en) * | 1965-01-22 | 1968-11-20 | Foster Wheeler Ltd | The testing of tube and shell heat exchangers for tube failure |
| GB1212526A (en) * | 1967-06-15 | 1970-11-18 | Foster Wheeler Brown Boilers | Improvements in shell and tube heat exchangers |
| US3923314A (en) * | 1973-12-06 | 1975-12-02 | Carborundum Co | Non-rigid seal for joining silicon carbide tubes and tube sheets in heat exchangers |
| US4122894A (en) * | 1974-05-13 | 1978-10-31 | British Steel Corporation | Tube mounting means for a ceramic recuperator |
| GB1590918A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1981-06-10 | Hague Int | Ceramic heat exchange unit |
| US4106556A (en) * | 1976-11-26 | 1978-08-15 | Thermal Transfer, Division Of Kleinewefers | Ceramic tube recuperators |
| GB2015146B (en) * | 1978-02-10 | 1982-10-13 | Encomech Eng Services Ltd | Heat exchange tube plates |
| US4360057A (en) * | 1979-06-18 | 1982-11-23 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | High temperature abrasive resistant heat exchanger |
| DE3167387D1 (en) * | 1980-03-28 | 1985-01-10 | Peabody Encomech | Heat exchange apparatus |
| US4332295A (en) * | 1980-05-19 | 1982-06-01 | Hague International | Composite ceramic heat exchange tube |
| US4585057A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1986-04-29 | Krw Energy Systems Inc. | Cooled tubesheet inlet for abrasive fluid heat exchanger |
| US4632181A (en) * | 1983-03-03 | 1986-12-30 | Graham Robert G | Ceramic heat exchanger |
| JPS6062592A (en) * | 1983-09-14 | 1985-04-10 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | Heat exchanger |
| DE3676208D1 (en) * | 1985-02-05 | 1991-01-31 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | SEALING ARRANGEMENT FOR AN END PLATE AND A TUBE. |
| DE3930205A1 (en) * | 1989-09-09 | 1991-03-14 | Borsig Babcock Ag | TUBE BUNCH HEAT EXCHANGER |
| US5160176A (en) * | 1991-11-18 | 1992-11-03 | Stanley Aviation Corporation | Metal seal ball joint coupling assembly |
-
1995
- 1995-04-14 US US08/422,097 patent/US5630470A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-04-09 CA CA002218042A patent/CA2218042A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-09 WO PCT/US1996/005173 patent/WO1996032617A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-09 AU AU55460/96A patent/AU5546096A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-09 EP EP96912760A patent/EP0817949A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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