CN114199105B - Automatic alignment detection platform and method for locomotive framework - Google Patents
Automatic alignment detection platform and method for locomotive framework Download PDFInfo
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- CN114199105B CN114199105B CN202111501599.3A CN202111501599A CN114199105B CN 114199105 B CN114199105 B CN 114199105B CN 202111501599 A CN202111501599 A CN 202111501599A CN 114199105 B CN114199105 B CN 114199105B
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- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0025—Measuring of vehicle parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
Abstract
The invention discloses a locomotive frame automatic alignment detection platform and a method thereof, belonging to the technical field of locomotive frame detection; the positioning supports are arranged on the base and used for detecting a pull rod seat on a locomotive framework, and each positioning support is provided with a detection positioning unit; the universal supporting seats are arranged on the base and used for supporting a locomotive framework; the plurality of alignment devices are arranged on the base and used for adjusting the relative positions of the locomotive framework on the detection platform, and each alignment device is provided with a distance measuring device. The invention can realize automatic alignment of locomotive frames placed on the locomotive frame, reduces the labor intensity of workers, improves the alignment working efficiency, and has higher alignment precision, thereby reducing the measurement cost, having good comprehensive measurement precision and high efficiency and meeting the industrialization requirement of in-service remanufacturing of a large number of locomotives.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of locomotive frame detection, and particularly relates to an automatic alignment detection platform and method for a locomotive frame.
Background
Railroads are an important vehicle worldwide, and locomotives must be serviced every 80 kilometers or 4 years. The existing manual production mode for locomotive maintenance by single locomotive and small locomotive in batches cannot meet the requirement of high-speed development of railway operation due to low efficiency and inconsistent product quality. The existing locomotive frame is of a three-shaft 'mesh' type structure, the overall appearance size of the locomotive frame is similar, the locomotive frame is an important part for connecting a locomotive carriage and a locomotive wheel pair, a traction vehicle runs along a rail track, and the whole weight of the locomotive is transmitted to the rail, so that the frame is easy to deform due to the fact that the locomotive is continuously impacted and vibrated by various forces acting on the locomotive in the running process of the locomotive, the relative positions of parts such as a pull rod seat, a motor hanging seat and the like on the frame are changed, when a pull rod seat notch is deviated or twisted, the installation of an axle box is affected, the gap between a rim and the rail is changed, the abrasion of the pull rod mandrel is accelerated, and the running performance and safety of the locomotive running are seriously affected. The existing alignment and detection methods are completed manually, the alignment efficiency is low, the labor intensity of workers is high, the detection process is complex, the detection time is long, the cost is high, the measurement result often does not accord with the actual assembly result, the reworking influence on the construction period is caused, and the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the automatic alignment detection platform and the automatic alignment detection method for the locomotive framework, which can realize the automatic alignment of the locomotive framework placed on the detection platform, reduce the labor intensity of workers, improve the alignment working efficiency, and simultaneously improve the alignment precision, thereby reducing the measurement cost, improving the efficiency, realizing good comprehensive measurement precision and meeting the industrialization requirement of in-service remanufacturing of a large number of locomotives.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, a locomotive frame automatic alignment detection platform is provided, comprising: a base; the positioning supports are arranged on the base and used for detecting a pull rod seat on a locomotive framework, and each positioning support is provided with a detection positioning unit; the universal supporting seats are arranged on the base and used for supporting a locomotive framework; the plurality of alignment devices are arranged on the base and used for adjusting the relative positions of the locomotive framework on the detection platform, and each alignment device is provided with a distance measuring device.
Further, the three groups of positioning supports are arranged, each group is two, and the two positioning supports of each group are respectively positioned at two sides of the base and are matched with the positions and the sizes of the pull rod seats on the locomotive frame.
Further, each of the detection positioning units includes at least one detection bit, and each of the detection bits includes an X-direction reference block, a Y-direction reference block, and a Z-direction reference block.
Further, in each detection position corresponding to each positioning support seat positioned on the same side of the base, the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks are coplanar; and the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks positioned on the two sides of the base are equidistant; in each detection position corresponding to the same group of positioning support, the reference surfaces of the X-direction reference blocks are coplanar and perpendicular to the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks; the reference planes of the Z-direction reference blocks are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
Further, the detection positioning units on the two groups of positioning supports at the two ends of the base are provided with two detection positions.
Further, the universal supporting seat comprises a supporting seat arranged on the base, a plurality of ball sockets are arranged on the supporting seat, a universal ball is arranged in each ball socket, and a plurality of balls are arranged between each universal ball and each ball socket; the fixed plate is arranged on the supporting seat, the fixed plate is provided with a through hole corresponding to the ball socket on the supporting seat, and one part of the universal ball passes through the through hole on the fixed plate and can freely roll.
Further, the alignment device is provided with three groups, each group is provided with two groups, wherein the two groups are positioned at two ends of the base and are used for adjusting the position of the locomotive frame relative to the detection platform in the Y direction; the other group is positioned in the middle of the base and is used for adjusting the position of the locomotive framework relative to the detection platform in the X direction.
Further, the alignment device comprises a base mounted on the base; the fixed plate, the lower connecting plate, the middle vertical plate, the upper connecting plate and the motor fixed plate are assembled into a 'sun' -shaped frame and fixedly connected with the base, and the motor is arranged on the motor fixed plate; the screw rod is arranged on the neutral plate through a bearing seat assembly, one end of the screw rod is connected with an output shaft of the motor through a coupler, and the other end of the screw rod is provided with a screw rod nut; one end of the push rod is fixedly connected with the screw rod nut, the other end of the push rod penetrates through a shaft sleeve fixedly connected to the fixed plate and is in sliding connection with the shaft sleeve, bearings are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the push rod through pin shafts, and the bearings are respectively embedded into rectangular grooves formed in the inner sides of the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate along the axial direction of the screw rod.
Further, the distance measuring device is a laser distance measuring sensor.
In a second aspect, a method for automatically aligning and detecting a locomotive frame is provided, which comprises the steps of adopting a detection mandrel, a square flat ruler and the locomotive frame automatic alignment and detection platform in the first aspect; the detection mandrel comprises a cylinder and double trapezoidal convex blocks connected to two ends of the cylinder and matched with the notches of the pull rod seat on the locomotive framework, one quarter of the detection mandrel is cut off along the axis of the cylinder, and a vertical surface formed after cutting off is used as a measurement reference surface; the method comprises the following steps: hanging a locomotive framework to be detected on a universal supporting seat; starting a leveling device according to the detection result of the distance measuring device, and leveling the locomotive frame; and placing the detection core shaft into each pull rod seat notch, and obtaining the actual parameters of each pull rod seat notch by measuring the gap between the detection core shaft and the pull rod seat notch and the relative position of the measurement reference surface of the detection core shaft and the detection positioning unit on the positioning support.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the automatic alignment of the locomotive frame placed on the locomotive frame can be realized by arranging the base, the positioning support, the universal support seat, the alignment device and the distance measuring device, so that the alignment precision and the automation degree are improved, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved;
(2) The deformation of the pull rod seat is measured by means of the detection mandrel and the like, so that accurate data are provided for the subsequent trimming of the locomotive frame; the method has the advantages of low measurement cost, good comprehensive measurement precision and high efficiency, and can meet the industrialization requirement of locomotive in-service remanufacturing because twenty minutes just before the detection workload of two hours is needed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a locomotive frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an automatic alignment detection platform for a locomotive frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an automatic alignment inspection platform with a locomotive frame in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of FIG. 3 at I;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the universal support block in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view in partial cross-section A-A of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of an alignment device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of section II of FIG. 3 (at the draw bar seat cut);
FIG. 10 is an isometric view of a test mandrel in an example embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a side view of a test mandrel in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of an automated alignment detection platform for a locomotive frame for alignment of the locomotive frame using an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged view at III in FIG. 3;
fig. 14 is an enlarged view at IV in fig. 12.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one:
as shown in fig. 1, the locomotive frame 1 mainly comprises two symmetrical side beams 101, two end beams 102, two cross beams 103, three groups of upper tie rod seats 104, lower tie rod seats 105 and the like.
An automatic alignment detection platform for a locomotive framework comprises a base; a plurality of positioning supports which are arranged on the base and used for detecting the pull rod seat on the locomotive framework, wherein each positioning support is provided with a detection positioning unit; the universal supporting seats are arranged on the base and used for supporting the locomotive framework; the plurality of alignment devices are arranged on the base and used for adjusting the relative positions of the locomotive framework on the detection platform, and each alignment device is provided with a distance measuring device.
As shown in fig. 2 to 14, a first group of positioning supports 8, a second group of positioning supports 9 and a third group of positioning supports 10 are symmetrically and parallelly fixedly arranged on the left side and the right side of the base 2; in this embodiment, there are three sets of two positioning supports, and two positioning supports of each set are respectively located at the left and right sides of the base 2 and are matched with the positions and sizes of the pull rod seats on the locomotive frame 1. Each positioning support is provided with one detection positioning unit 7, and the detection positioning units 7 have three groups of twelve positions which are matched with the positions and the sizes of three groups of pull rod seats on the locomotive frame 1 to be detected respectively, as shown in fig. 3.
Each detection positioning unit 7 comprises at least one detection bit, each detection bit comprising an X-direction reference block, a Y-direction reference block and a Z-direction reference block.
In order to meet the requirements of locomotive frame measurement of different vehicle types, two detection positions are arranged on each detection positioning unit 7 of the first group of positioning supports 8 and the third group of positioning supports 10, as shown in fig. 4, and each detection position comprises three reference blocks: the X-direction reference block 701, the Y-direction reference block 702 and the Z-direction reference block 703 are respectively used as three direction references for measuring the positions of the tie rod seats of the locomotive frame. Because the spatial position relationship of the three reference blocks of the same detection position of different vehicle types is the same, but because the vehicle axle distance is divided into 1800mm or 2000mm, the distance between the two longitudinal reference blocks is 200mm. The arrangement of the detection positioning unit not only saves equipment cost, but also saves the field use area and improves the utilization rate of the equipment.
When the measuring platform is built, the measuring is performed by a precise instrument, and the reference surfaces D of the Y-direction reference blocks 702 corresponding to the detection positions on the left side and the right side are firstly ensured to be positioned on the same plumb surface (six blocks respectively), namely the reference surfaces D of the six Y-direction reference blocks 702 are coplanar, and the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks 702 on the two sides are equidistant; and the reference surface C of the X-direction reference block 701 with the same group of corresponding detection positions is positioned on the same plumb plane and is vertical to the reference surface D, and the upper surface of the reference surface of the Z-direction reference block 703 with the same group of corresponding detection positions is positioned on the same horizontal plane. The construction and installation process of the detection platform is one-time debugging and long-term use.
The four universal supporting seats 3 are used for supporting the locomotive framework to be tested and are respectively supported at the front end and the rear end of the left side beam and the right side beam of the locomotive framework. The structure is shown in fig. 5 and 6, the lower part of the universal supporting seat 3 is fixed on the base 2 through screws, and the space between the universal supporting seat and the base is determined according to the size of the locomotive frame. The universal supporting seat 3 comprises a supporting seat 301, a fixed plate 302, a universal ball 303 and balls 304, wherein a plurality of ball sockets are uniformly distributed on an upper flange of the supporting seat 301, a plurality of small balls 304 and the universal ball 303 are arranged in the ball sockets, a through hole corresponding to the ball socket on the supporting seat is arranged in the center of the fixed plate 302, and the through hole is fixedly connected with the upper flange of the supporting seat 301 through screws; the top of the universal ball 303 passes through the through hole of the fixing plate 302 and protrudes out of the fixing plate 302, the universal ball 303 can roll freely, the number and the diameter of the universal ball 303 can be determined according to the bearing capacity requirement, in the embodiment, the number of the universal balls 303 is twenty-five, and the diameter isThe distance is 45mm, each universal ball can bear 180KG, so that the weight of the locomotive frame can be borne, the locomotive frame can be ensured to flexibly move on the universal supporting seat 3, and the friction force is reduced.
In this embodiment, three groups of six alignment devices are fixedly arranged on the base 2, namely a first group of alignment devices 4, a second group of alignment devices 5 and a third group of alignment devices 6, each group of alignment devices is composed of two symmetrically distributed electric propulsion mechanisms with the same structure, the first group of alignment devices 4 and the second group of alignment devices 5 are respectively arranged at the front end and the rear end of the base 2 and are transversely and symmetrically arranged, and the propulsion directions of the first group of alignment devices 4 and the second group of alignment devices 5 are vertical to the reference plane of the Y-direction reference block 702 and are used for aligning the left and right positions of the locomotive frame on the detection platform; the third group of alignment devices 6 are arranged in the middle of the base 2, are longitudinally arranged between the two cross beams 104 of the locomotive frame 1 to be tested, and have a pushing direction which is perpendicular to the reference plane of the X-direction reference block 701 and are used for aligning the front and rear positions of the locomotive frame on the detection platform.
The electric propulsion mechanism comprises a base 401, a fixed plate 402, a lower connecting plate 403, a shaft sleeve 404, an upper connecting plate 405, a bearing 406, a push rod 407, a screw nut 408, a bearing seat assembly 409, a screw 410, a motor fixed plate 411, a motor 412, a coupler 413 and a neutral plate 414, and the structure of the electric propulsion mechanism is shown in fig. 7.
The base 401 is a welding assembly and is fixedly connected with the base 2 through screw holes at the bottom.
The fixing plate 402, the lower connecting plate 403, the neutral plate 414, the upper connecting plate 405 and the motor fixing plate 411 are fixed into a 'sun' type frame through screws and are fixedly connected with the base 401 for installing the electric propulsion mechanism.
The screw 410 is mounted on the neutral plate 414 through a bearing housing assembly 409, one end of which is connected to a motor 412 fixed to the motor fixing plate 411 through a coupling 413, and the other end of which is provided with a screw nut 408.
One end of a push rod 407 is fixedly connected with a screw rod nut 408, the other end of the push rod passes through a shaft sleeve 404 fixedly connected to a fixed plate 402 and is in sliding connection with the shaft sleeve 404, bearings 406 are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the push rod 407 through pin shafts, the bearings 406 are respectively embedded into rectangular grooves axially formed in the inner sides of an upper connecting plate 405 and a lower connecting plate 403 along a screw rod 410, the bearings 406 are in rolling contact with the B surface of the rectangular grooves, when a motor 412 works, the screw rod nut 408 drives the push rod 407 to move only along the axial direction of the screw rod 410 through screw rod nut pair transmission, and rotation cannot occur.
In the embodiment, each alignment device is provided with a distance measuring device, and the distance measuring devices adopt laser distance measuring sensors; specifically, on the outer side surfaces of the bases 401 of the two alignment devices of the first group of alignment devices 4, a pair of first laser ranging sensors 11 are respectively symmetrically installed on the left and right sides, and on the outer side surfaces of the bases 401 of the two alignment devices of the second group of alignment devices 5, a pair of second laser ranging sensors 12 are respectively symmetrically installed on the left and right sides, the laser beams of the four laser ranging sensors are all perpendicular to the reference surface D of the corresponding Y-direction reference block 702, and the distances W from the emission surfaces of the laser ranging sensors to the reference surface D of the Y-direction reference block 702 are equal. The mounting height of the laser ranging sensor corresponds to the middle part of the side beam of the locomotive frame 1 to be measured in the height direction so as to be capable of measuring the distance of the inner side surface of the side beam at the position.
A third laser ranging sensor 13 is respectively installed on the side surfaces of the bases 401 of the two alignment devices of the third group of alignment devices 6, and the laser beams of the third laser ranging sensor are perpendicular to the reference plane C of the X-direction reference block 701 and are used for measuring the position of the cross beam of the locomotive frame 1 to be measured. In this embodiment, the first laser ranging sensor 11, the second laser ranging sensor 12 and the third laser ranging sensor 13 are all LK-G155 laser ranging sensors, and the ranging range is 110 mm-190 mm.
The measurement and calculation of the data such as whether the pull rod seat is deformed and the deformation amount is large, the wheel base is deviated, the horizontal center distance deviation of the upper pull rod seat and the lower pull rod seat is deviated, and the like are based on the center line of the cut of the pull rod seat, wherein the cut of the pull rod seat is a trapezoid cut E with the inclination of 1:10, as shown in fig. 9, and the data are used for matching the pull rod core shaft of the axle box pull rod on the locomotive, so that the power of the locomotive wheel pair is transmitted to the locomotive carriage. Since the center line F of the draw bar seat notch is virtual and cannot be directly measured, a detection mandrel 14 similar to the draw bar mandrel is designed for this purpose, as shown in fig. 10, 11 and 13.
The inspection mandrel 14 is a cylinder 1401, two ends of the cylinder are respectively provided with two vertically symmetrical trapezoid protruding blocks 1402, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, the inclination of the trapezoid protruding blocks 1402 is 1:10, the length and the height of the trapezoid protruding blocks are matched with the length and the depth of the notch E of the lower pull rod seat 105 of the locomotive frame to be inspected, and then the whole inspection mandrel 14 is milled by 1/4 along the axis of the cylinder. When the detection mandrel 14 is used, the connection between the detection mandrel 14 and the locomotive frame to be detected is closely matched with the notch E of the pull rod seat by the trapezoidal convex block 1402 of the detection mandrel, so that the axis of the detection mandrel 14 coincides with the central line of the notch E of the pull rod seat of the locomotive frame, the vertical surface of the detection mandrel 14 can be used as a measurement reference surface G, and the position of the central line of the notch of the pull rod seat to be detected is accurately determined by measuring the distance from the reference surface G, so that the detection mandrel 14 constructs the measurement reference position of the central line of the notch of the pull rod seat to be detected.
According to the locomotive frame alignment device, the base, the positioning support, the universal support seat, the alignment device and the distance measuring device are arranged, so that the locomotive frame placed on the alignment device can be automatically aligned, the alignment precision and the automation degree are improved, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Embodiment two:
based on the locomotive frame automatic alignment detection platform of the first embodiment, the embodiment provides a locomotive frame automatic alignment detection method, which includes: hanging a locomotive framework to be detected on a universal supporting seat; starting a leveling device according to the detection result of the distance measuring device, and leveling the locomotive frame; and (3) placing the detection core shaft into each draw bar seat notch, and obtaining the actual parameters of each draw bar seat notch by measuring the relative positions of the measurement reference surface of the detection core shaft and the detection positioning unit on the positioning support.
The locomotive frame alignment method to be tested is as follows.
The locomotive frame pull rod seat is welded on the left side beam and the right side beam, and the pull rod seat is bilaterally symmetrical relative to the middle plane of the locomotive frame during design, but the design standard cannot be found during the remanufacturing process of the locomotive, and the side beams of the locomotive frame are taken as the standard during actual operation. Therefore, in the inspection on the inspection platform of the present invention, the measurement reference is converted into three reference blocks on the inspection positioning unit 7 at the corresponding positions, so that the locomotive frame 1 to be inspected must be aligned with respect to the inspection positioning unit 7 before inspection so that the distances from the two ends of the two side beams to the reference plane D of the Y-direction reference block 702 at the corresponding positions are equal. The alignment method and steps are as follows.
(1) And hanging the to-be-measured piece. The locomotive frame 1 to be tested is turned over, the side of the pull rod seat faces upwards, and the pull rod seat is stably placed on the four universal supporting seats 3 of the detection platform by using a crane handle, so that each laser ranging sensor is ensured to be in a measuring range, as shown in fig. 3.
(2) And (5) transverse rough alignment. The measurement and control system is started to acquire a set of measured data Y1 and Y2 of the first laser ranging sensor 11, and a program of the measurement and control system calculates an average value ya= (y1+y2)/2, as shown in fig. 12, wherein a dashed line is a target position of the locomotive frame.
If Y1< Ya, the electrically controlled propulsion mechanism on the left side of the first alignment device 4 is operated to feed Y1-S0 quickly and then to feed Ya-Y1. Wherein S0 is the distance between the end face of the push rod 407 in the electric control propulsion mechanism and the emitting face of the laser ranging sensor, and the distance is a certain value, and the value is stored in the measurement and control system after being measured during installation and debugging.
If Y1> Ya (i.e. Y2< Ya), then the electronically controlled propulsion mechanism on the right side of the first alignment device 4 is operated to feed Y2-S0 quickly and then Ya-Y2.
(3) And (2) synchronously executing the step (2), acquiring a set of measured data Y3 and Y4 of the second laser ranging sensor 12, and calculating an average value Yb= (Y3+Y4)/2. If Y3 is less than Yb, the electric control propulsion mechanism on the left side in the second alignment device 5 works, and Y3-S0 is fed quickly and Yb-Y3 is fed; if Y3> Yb, the electric control propulsion mechanism on the right side in the second alignment device 5 works, and Y4-S0 is fed quickly, and Yb-Y4 is fed.
(4) And (5) longitudinally aligning. And acquiring the measured data X1 of the third laser ranging sensor 13, and if X1 is smaller than Xa, operating an electric control propulsion mechanism at the front end in the third alignment device 6, and rapidly feeding X1-S0 and then feeding Xa-X1. If X1> Xa, then the electric control propulsion mechanism at the rear end in the third alignment device 6 works, and the quick feeding (Xa-S0) - (X1-Xa) is performed first, and then the X1-Xa is performed.
Wherein Xa is the distance from the emitting surface of the laser ranging sensor to the inner side surface of the side beam of the locomotive frame in the target position state. The value is a fixed value which is determined in advance according to different vehicle types and is stored in the measurement and control system. When in the target position state, the center line of each tie rod seat notch of the ideal (i.e., undeformed) locomotive frame coincides with the reference plane of the corresponding detection bit X-direction reference block 701.
(5) And (5) transverse fine alignment. Because the transverse placement deviation of the locomotive frame to be measured has a great influence on the measurement accuracy, after the transverse rough alignment is finished, the measured data Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 of each laser ranging sensor are acquired again, if Y1 is less than Y2, an electric control propulsion mechanism at the left side in the first alignment device 4 works, a measurement and control system judges in real time, and when Y1-Y2 is less than delta, the first alignment device 4 stops working; if Y3 is less than Y4, the electric control propulsion mechanism on the left side in the second alignment device 5 works, the measurement and control system judges in real time, and when Y3-Y4 is less than delta, the second alignment device 5 stops working. Other cases operate similarly. Where δ is a threshold value stored in advance in the system, representing the measurement accuracy, and in this example δ is set to 0.1mm.
(6) After the subsequent measurement work is finished, the measurement and control system issues instructions, and each electric control propulsion mechanism returns to the initial position to wait for the next detection work.
The automatic alignment method for the locomotive frame overcomes the defects that a plurality of persons are needed to cooperate, the position size measurement is repeatedly carried out one by one and the position of the locomotive frame to be measured is repeatedly adjusted in the conventional manual adjustment, the time required for alignment is greatly shortened, operators are reduced to one person, and the alignment precision is also greatly improved.
And detecting a pull rod seat of the locomotive framework to be detected.
In the operation process of a locomotive, the locomotive framework pull rod seat is often deformed due to various forces, and in the process of in-service remanufacturing of the locomotive, the deformation of the pull rod seat is detected, so that actual measurement data are provided for subsequent deviation calculation and deformation repair. Three sets of data need to be measured for the drawbar base: the deformation of the inner plane of the notch at the outer side of the pull rod seat, the longitudinal deformation of the center of the notch at the outer side of the pull rod seat and the longitudinal deformation of the center of the notch at the inner side of the pull rod seat. The three sets of data reflect the conditions of transverse deformation, longitudinal deformation and torsional deformation of the pull rod seat, and influence the distance between the wheel rim and the rail, the transverse movement of the framework and the installation and abrasion of the axle box pull rod.
The present embodiment performs comprehensive measurement of these dimensions on the locomotive frame by means of a detection spindle, a depth vernier caliper, a square flat ruler 15, a feeler gauge, and the like. The measurement procedure is as follows.
(1) In the process of aligning the test platform, an ideal (i.e., undeformed) locomotive frame is used for debugging, so that the center line of the notch of the pull rod seat coincides with the reference plane of the corresponding test bit X-direction reference block 701, and the distance between the locomotive frame side beam and the reference plane of the corresponding Y-direction reference block 702 is equal, and the state is defined as a target position. Then the positions of the first alignment device 4, the second alignment device 5 and the third alignment device 6 are adjusted to make the distances from the end face of the push rod 407 to the side beam or the cross beam surface pushed by the push rod equal, the distances from the emitting surface of each laser ranging sensor arranged on the push rod to the measuring surface of the side beam or the cross beam surface are also equal, the positions of the emitting surfaces of the laser ranging sensors are fixed, the positions of the emitting surfaces are set as original reference positions, and the positions are recorded S0 and stored in a measurement and control system. The debugging process is only performed once, for long use, s0=10mm in this example.
(2) The detection core shaft 14 is placed into the notch of each pull rod seat, whether the notch is closely matched with the detection core shaft 14 is checked by using a 0.08mm feeler gauge, the insertion depth from the edge to the central line by using the 0.08mm feeler gauge is not more than 10mm, and the bottom clearance is in the range of 0.5-0.6mm, as shown in fig. 13 and 14. If the cutting edge is out of range, a wind grinding wheel or a file is used for repairing and filing the cutting edge, so that the requirement is met.
(3) The first detection bit is measured first in the order of axis pairs. The distance from the plane H surface in the notch at the outer side of the pull rod seat to the plane D of the reference block is directly measured by a depth vernier caliper, and the left side is sequentially marked as U 1i The right side is marked as U in turn 2i Where the sequence number i=1, …,6. As in fig. 9 and 14.
(4) The square flat rule 15 is put on the reference surface of the Z-direction reference block 703 with a group of detection positions, the square flat rule 15 is tightly adhered to the reference surface C of the X-direction reference block 701, then a feeler rule or a combination of feelers with different thickness is inserted between the square flat rule 15 and the measurement reference surface G of the detection mandrel 14, and the gaps at the outer side of the left side incision, the inner side of the right side incision and the outer side of the right side incision are measured in sequence and respectively marked as V 1i 、V 2i 、V 3i 、V 4i 。
(5) And (3) after the measurement of one group of detection bits is completed, repeating the steps (2) - (4) and measuring the next detection bit until the measurement of 6 groups of 12 detection bits is completed. The U obtained 1i 、V 1i 、V 2i And U 2i 、V 3i 、V 4i The transverse, longitudinal and torsional deformation amounts of the pull rod seats at the left side and the right side are respectively.
The deformation of the pull rod seat is measured by means of the detection mandrel and the like, so that accurate data are provided for the subsequent trimming of the locomotive frame; the method has the advantages of low measurement cost, good comprehensive measurement precision and high efficiency, and can meet the industrialization requirement of in-service remanufacturing of a large number of locomotives, and the detection workload of two hours can be completed in twenty minutes.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and such modifications and variations should also be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. An automatic alignment detection platform for a locomotive frame, comprising:
a base;
the positioning supports are arranged on the base and used for detecting a pull rod seat on a locomotive framework, and each positioning support is provided with a detection positioning unit;
the universal supporting seats are arranged on the base and used for supporting a locomotive framework;
the plurality of alignment devices are arranged on the base and used for adjusting the relative positions of the locomotive framework on the detection platform, and each alignment device is provided with a distance measuring device;
the positioning supports are three groups, each group comprises two positioning supports, and the two positioning supports of each group are respectively positioned at two sides of the base and are matched with the positions and the sizes of the pull rod seats on the locomotive frame;
each detection positioning unit comprises at least one detection bit, and each detection bit comprises an X-direction reference block, a Y-direction reference block and a Z-direction reference block;
in each detection position corresponding to each positioning support seat positioned on the same side of the base, the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks are coplanar; and the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks positioned on the two sides of the base are equidistant;
in each detection position corresponding to the same group of positioning support, the reference surfaces of the X-direction reference blocks are coplanar and perpendicular to the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks; the reference surfaces of the Z-direction reference blocks are positioned on the same horizontal plane;
the detection positioning units on the two groups of positioning supports at the two ends of the base are respectively provided with two detection positions;
the universal supporting seat comprises a supporting seat arranged on the base, a plurality of ball sockets are arranged on the supporting seat, a universal ball is arranged in each ball socket, and a plurality of balls are arranged between each universal ball and each ball socket; the fixed plate is arranged on the supporting seat, a through hole corresponding to the ball socket on the supporting seat is arranged on the fixed plate, and one part of the universal ball passes through the through hole on the fixed plate and can freely roll;
the alignment device comprises three groups, wherein each group comprises two groups, two groups are positioned at two ends of the base and used for adjusting the position of the locomotive frame relative to the detection platform in the Y direction; the other group is positioned in the middle of the base and is used for adjusting the position of the locomotive framework relative to the detection platform in the X direction;
the alignment device comprises a base arranged on the base;
the fixed plate, the lower connecting plate, the middle vertical plate, the upper connecting plate and the motor fixed plate are assembled into a 'sun' -shaped frame and fixedly connected with the base, and the motor is arranged on the motor fixed plate;
the screw rod is arranged on the neutral plate through a bearing seat assembly, one end of the screw rod is connected with an output shaft of the motor through a coupler, and the other end of the screw rod is provided with a screw rod nut;
one end of the push rod is fixedly connected with the screw rod nut, the other end of the push rod penetrates through a shaft sleeve fixedly connected to the fixed plate and is in sliding connection with the shaft sleeve, bearings are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the push rod through pin shafts, and the bearings are respectively embedded into rectangular grooves formed in the inner sides of the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate along the axial direction of the screw rod.
2. The locomotive frame automatic alignment detection platform of claim 1, wherein the ranging device is a laser ranging sensor.
3. An automatic alignment detection method for a locomotive frame is characterized by comprising the steps of adopting a detection mandrel, a square flat ruler and the automatic alignment detection platform for the locomotive frame according to any one of claims 1-2;
the detection mandrel comprises a cylinder and double trapezoidal convex blocks connected to two ends of the cylinder and matched with the notches of the pull rod seat on the locomotive framework, one quarter of the detection mandrel is cut off along the axis of the cylinder, and a vertical surface formed after cutting off is used as a measurement reference surface;
the method comprises the following steps:
hanging a locomotive framework to be detected on a universal supporting seat;
starting a leveling device according to the detection result of the distance measuring device, and leveling the locomotive frame;
and placing the detection core shaft into each pull rod seat notch, and obtaining the actual parameters of each pull rod seat notch by measuring the gap between the detection core shaft and the pull rod seat notch and the relative position of the measurement reference surface of the detection core shaft and the detection positioning unit on the positioning support.
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