CN114199105A - Automatic alignment detection platform and method for locomotive framework - Google Patents
Automatic alignment detection platform and method for locomotive framework Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114199105A CN114199105A CN202111501599.3A CN202111501599A CN114199105A CN 114199105 A CN114199105 A CN 114199105A CN 202111501599 A CN202111501599 A CN 202111501599A CN 114199105 A CN114199105 A CN 114199105A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- detection
- locomotive
- base
- locomotive frame
- alignment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0025—Measuring of vehicle parts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
- G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic locomotive framework aligning detection platform and a method in the technical field of locomotive framework detection, wherein the automatic locomotive framework aligning detection platform comprises a base; the positioning supports are arranged on the base and used for detecting a pull rod seat on a locomotive frame, and each positioning support is provided with a detection positioning unit; a plurality of universal supporting seats which are arranged on the base and used for supporting the locomotive frame; and the plurality of aligning devices are arranged on the base and are used for adjusting the relative position of the locomotive framework on the detection platform, and each aligning device is provided with a distance measuring device. The invention can realize automatic alignment of the locomotive framework placed on the locomotive framework, reduces the labor intensity of workers, improves the alignment working efficiency, has higher alignment precision, thereby reducing the measurement cost, has good comprehensive measurement precision and high efficiency, and can meet the industrial requirement of in-service remanufacturing of a large batch of locomotives.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of locomotive framework detection, and particularly relates to an automatic locomotive framework alignment detection platform and method.
Background
Railroads are an important vehicle worldwide, and locomotives must be overhauled every 80 kilometers or 4 years of operation. The existing manual production mode of locomotive maintenance by single piece and small batch cannot meet the requirement of high-speed development of railway operation due to low efficiency and inconsistent product quality. The existing locomotive frame is a three-axis, 'mu' -shaped structure, the overall dimension of the locomotive frame is similar, the locomotive frame is an important part for connecting a locomotive carriage and a locomotive wheel pair, the locomotive frame can draw a vehicle to run along a rail track and transmit the whole weight of the locomotive vehicle to the rail, and the frame is easy to deform due to the continuous impact and vibration of various forces acting on the locomotive in the running process of the locomotive, so that the relative positions of parts such as pull rod seats, motor hanging seats and the like on the frame are changed, when the cuts of the pull rod seats deviate or twist, the installation of an axle box can be influenced, the gap between a wheel rim and the rail can be changed, the abrasion of a pull rod mandrel can be accelerated, and the running performance and the safety of the locomotive can be seriously influenced. The existing alignment and detection methods are finished manually, the alignment efficiency is low, the labor intensity of workers is high, the detection process is complex, the detection time is long, the cost is high, the measurement result is often inconsistent with the actual assembly result, the rework is caused, the construction period is influenced, and the cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the automatic alignment detection platform and the method for the locomotive framework, which can realize automatic alignment of the locomotive framework placed on the platform, reduce the labor intensity of workers, improve the work efficiency of alignment, and have higher alignment precision, thereby reducing the measurement cost, improving the efficiency, having good comprehensive measurement precision and meeting the industrial requirement of in-service remanufacturing of a large number of locomotives.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, a platform for automatically aligning and detecting a locomotive frame is provided, comprising: a base; the positioning supports are arranged on the base and used for detecting a pull rod seat on a locomotive frame, and each positioning support is provided with a detection positioning unit; a plurality of universal supporting seats which are arranged on the base and used for supporting the locomotive frame; and the plurality of aligning devices are arranged on the base and are used for adjusting the relative position of the locomotive framework on the detection platform, and each aligning device is provided with a distance measuring device.
Furthermore, the positioning supports are provided with three groups, each group is provided with two positioning supports, and the two positioning supports of each group are respectively positioned at two sides of the base and matched with the position and the size of a pull rod seat on the locomotive framework.
Further, each detection positioning unit comprises at least one detection bit, and each detection bit comprises an X-direction reference block, a Y-direction reference block and a Z-direction reference block.
Furthermore, in each detection position corresponding to each positioning support positioned on the same side of the base, the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks are coplanar; the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks positioned on the two sides of the base are equidistant; in each detection position corresponding to the same group of positioning supports, the datum plane of the X-direction datum block is coplanar and vertical to the datum plane of the Y-direction datum block; the reference surfaces of the Z-direction reference blocks are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
Furthermore, the detection positioning units on the two groups of positioning supports at the two ends of the base are provided with two detection positions.
Furthermore, the universal supporting seat comprises a supporting seat arranged on the base, a plurality of ball sockets are arranged on the supporting seat, a universal ball is arranged in each ball socket, and a plurality of balls are arranged between each universal ball and each ball socket; the fixing plate is arranged on the supporting seat, a through hole corresponding to the ball socket on the supporting seat is formed in the fixing plate, and one part of the universal ball penetrates through the through hole in the fixing plate and can roll freely.
Furthermore, the alignment device comprises three groups, wherein each group comprises two groups, and two groups are positioned at two ends of the base and used for adjusting the position of the locomotive framework relative to the detection platform in the Y direction; and the other group is positioned in the middle of the base and used for adjusting the position of the locomotive framework in the X direction relative to the detection platform.
Further, the aligning device comprises a base installed on the base; the fixing plate, the lower connecting plate, the middle vertical plate, the upper connecting plate and the motor fixing plate are assembled into a 'ri' -shaped frame and fixedly connected with the base, and the motor is arranged on the motor fixing plate; the screw rod is arranged on the middle vertical plate through a bearing seat assembly, one end of the screw rod is connected with an output shaft of the motor through a coupler, and the other end of the screw rod is provided with a screw rod nut; one end of the push rod is fixedly connected with the screw rod nut, the other end of the push rod penetrates through a shaft sleeve fixedly connected to the fixed plate and is in sliding connection with the shaft sleeve, bearings are mounted on the upper surface and the lower surface of the push rod through pin shafts, and the bearings are respectively embedded into rectangular grooves formed in the inner sides of the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate along the axial direction of the screw rod.
Further, the distance measuring device is a laser distance measuring sensor.
The second aspect provides a locomotive framework automatic alignment detection method, which comprises the steps of adopting a detection mandrel, a square flat rule and the locomotive framework automatic alignment detection platform of the first aspect; the detection mandrel comprises a cylinder and double-trapezoid bumps, wherein the double-trapezoid bumps are connected to two ends of the cylinder and matched with notches of a pull rod seat on a locomotive frame; the method comprises the following steps: hoisting a locomotive frame to be detected to a universal supporting seat; starting an alignment device according to the detection result of the distance measuring device to align the locomotive frame; and placing the detection core shaft into each pull rod seat notch, and obtaining the actual parameters of each pull rod seat notch by measuring the gap between the detection core shaft and the pull rod seat notch and the relative position of the measurement reference surface of the detection core shaft and the detection positioning unit on the positioning support.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the locomotive frame can be automatically aligned by arranging the base, the positioning support, the universal support seat, the aligning device and the distance measuring device, so that the alignment precision and the automation degree are improved, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved;
(2) according to the invention, the deformation of the pull rod seat is measured by means of the detection mandrel and the like, so that accurate data is provided for the subsequent trimming of the locomotive frame; the method has the advantages of low measurement cost, good comprehensive measurement precision and high efficiency, the detection workload of two hours is required before the completion in twenty minutes, and the industrialization requirement of the in-service remanufacturing of the locomotive can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall construction of a locomotive frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of an automatic alignment detection platform for a locomotive framework according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of the self-aligning inspection platform after placement of the locomotive frame in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view at I of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the universal bearing block in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a partial cross-sectional structure of an alignment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view taken at II in FIG. 3 (at the cut of the tie bar base);
FIG. 10 is an isometric view of a testing mandrel in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a side view of a testing mandrel in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of the alignment of a locomotive frame using an automatic alignment detection platform of the locomotive frame provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is an enlarged view at III of FIG. 3;
fig. 14 is an enlarged view at IV in fig. 12.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the locomotive frame 1 mainly comprises two symmetrical side beams 101, two end beams 102, two cross beams 103, three groups of upper tie rod seats 104 and lower tie rod seats 105.
An automatic alignment detection platform for a locomotive framework comprises a base; the positioning supports are arranged on the base and used for detecting a pull rod seat on a locomotive frame, and each positioning support is provided with a detection positioning unit; a plurality of universal supporting seats which are arranged on the base and used for supporting the locomotive frame; a plurality of aligning devices which are arranged on the base and used for adjusting the relative position of the locomotive framework on the detection platform, and a distance measuring device is arranged on each aligning device.
As shown in fig. 2 to 14, a first group of positioning supports 8, a second group of positioning supports 9 and a third group of positioning supports 10 are symmetrically and parallelly fixedly installed on the left side and the right side of the base 2; in this embodiment, there are three sets of two positioning supports, and the two positioning supports of each set are respectively located at the left and right sides of the base 2 and are matched with the position and size of the pull rod seat on the locomotive frame 1. Each positioning support is provided with a detection positioning unit 7, and the detection positioning units 7 have three groups of twelve positions which are respectively matched with the positions and the sizes of three groups of draw bar seats on the locomotive framework 1 to be detected, as shown in fig. 3.
Each detection positioning unit 7 includes at least one detection bit, and each detection bit includes an X-direction reference block, a Y-direction reference block, and a Z-direction reference block.
For satisfying the demand that different motorcycle types locomotive framework measured, all be provided with two on every detection positioning unit 7 of first group positioning support 8, third group positioning support 10 and detect the position, like figure 4, every detects the position and includes three reference block: the X-direction reference block 701, the Y-direction reference block 702 and the Z-direction reference block 703 are respectively used as three direction references for measuring the position of the locomotive frame draw bar seat. Because the spatial position relations of three reference blocks at the same detection position of different vehicle types are the same, the distance between two longitudinal reference blocks is 200mm only because the wheel base of the locomotive is 1800mm or 2000 mm. The arrangement of the detection positioning unit not only saves the equipment cost, but also saves the field use area and improves the utilization rate of the equipment.
When the measuring platform is built, a precision instrument is used for measuring, and the D surfaces (six blocks) of the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks 702 corresponding to the detection positions on the left side and the right side are ensured to be on the same plumb surface, namely the D surfaces of the reference surfaces of the six Y-direction reference blocks 702 are coplanar, and the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks 702 on the two sides are required to be equidistant; and ensuring that the C surface of the reference surface of the X-direction reference block 701 corresponding to the detection position in the same group is positioned on the same plumb surface and is vertical to the D surface of the reference surface, and the upper surface of the reference surface of the Z-direction reference block 703 corresponding to the detection position in the same group is positioned on the same horizontal plane. The construction and installation process of the detection platform is one-time debugging and long-term use.
The four universal supporting seats 3 are used for supporting the locomotive frame to be tested and respectively supporting the front end and the rear end of the left side beam and the right side beam of the locomotive frame. The structure is shown in fig. 5 and 6, the lower part of the universal supporting seat 3 is fixed on the base 2 through screws, and the distance is determined according to the size of a locomotive frame. The universal supporting seat 3 comprises a supporting seat 301, a fixing plate 302, a universal ball 303 and balls 304, wherein a plurality of ball sockets are uniformly distributed on an upper flange of the supporting seat 301, a plurality of small balls 304 and the universal ball 303 are arranged in the ball sockets, and a through hole corresponding to the ball sockets on the supporting seat is formed in the center of the fixing plate 302 and is fixedly connected with the upper flange of the supporting seat 301 through a screw; the top of the universal ball 303 passes through the through hole of the fixing plate 302 and protrudes out of the fixing plate 302, the universal ball 303 can roll freely, the number and the diameter of the universal ball 303 can be determined according to the requirement of bearing capacity, in the embodiment, the number of the universal balls 303 is twenty-five, and the diameter of the universal balls 303 is twenty-five
The interval is 45mm, and every universal ball can bearing 180KG, is enough to bear the weight of locomotive framework, guarantees that the locomotive framework can remove in a flexible way at universal bearing 3, reduces frictional force.
In this embodiment, three sets of six alignment devices, namely a first set of alignment device 4, a second set of alignment device 5, and a third set of alignment device 6, are fixedly disposed on the base 2, each set of alignment devices is composed of two symmetrically distributed electric propulsion mechanisms with the same structure, the first set of alignment device 4 and the second set of alignment device 5 are respectively disposed at the front end and the rear end of the base 2, and are transversely symmetrically disposed, and the propulsion directions thereof should be perpendicular to the reference plane of the Y-direction reference block 702 for aligning the left and right positions of the locomotive frame on the detection platform; the third group of alignment devices 6 are arranged in the middle of the base 2, are longitudinally arranged between the two beams 104 of the locomotive framework 1 to be tested, and have a propulsion direction perpendicular to the reference surface of the X-direction reference block 701, and are used for aligning the front and rear positions of the locomotive framework on the detection platform.
The electric propulsion mechanism comprises a base 401, a fixing plate 402, a lower connecting plate 403, a shaft sleeve 404, an upper connecting plate 405, a bearing 406, a push rod 407, a lead screw nut 408, a bearing seat assembly 409, a lead screw 410, a motor fixing plate 411, a motor 412, a coupling 413 and a middle vertical plate 414, and the structure of the electric propulsion mechanism is shown in fig. 7.
The base 401 is a welding part and is fixedly connected with the base 2 through a screw hole at the bottom.
The fixing plate 402, the lower connecting plate 403, the middle plate 414, the upper connecting plate 405, and the motor fixing plate 411 are fixed by screws to form a "sun" shaped frame, and are fixedly connected to the base 401, for mounting the electric propulsion mechanism.
The lead screw 410 is mounted on the middle vertical plate 414 through a bearing seat assembly 409, one end of the lead screw is connected with a motor 412 fixed on a motor fixing plate 411 through a coupler 413, and the other end of the lead screw is provided with a lead screw nut 408.
One end of a push rod 407 is fixedly connected with a screw rod nut 408, the other end of the push rod passes through a shaft sleeve 404 fixedly connected to the fixing plate 402 and is in sliding connection with the shaft sleeve 404, bearings 406 are mounted on the upper surface and the lower surface of the push rod 407 through pin shafts, the bearings 406 are respectively embedded into rectangular grooves formed in the inner sides of the upper connecting plate 405 and the lower connecting plate 403 along the axial direction of the screw rod 410, the bearings 406 are in rolling contact with the surface B of the rectangular grooves, and when the motor 412 works, the screw rod nut 408 drives the push rod 407 to move only along the axial direction of the screw rod 410 through transmission of a screw rod nut pair, and rotation is not generated.
In this embodiment, each of the alignment devices is provided with a distance measuring device, and the distance measuring device adopts a laser distance measuring sensor; specifically, a pair of first laser distance measuring sensors 11 are respectively and bilaterally symmetrically mounted on the outer side surfaces of the bases 401 of the two alignment devices of the first group of alignment devices 4, a pair of second laser distance measuring sensors 12 are also respectively and bilaterally symmetrically mounted on the outer side surfaces of the bases 401 of the two alignment devices of the second group of alignment devices 5, the laser beams of the four laser distance measuring sensors are all required to be perpendicular to the corresponding reference plane D of the Y-direction reference block 702, and the distances W from the emitting surfaces of the laser distance measuring sensors to the reference plane D of the Y-direction reference block 702 are equal. The installation height of the laser ranging sensor corresponds to the middle part of the height direction of the side beam of the locomotive frame 1 to be measured, so that the distance of the inner side surface of the side beam at the position can be measured.
The third laser distance measuring sensor 13 is respectively installed on the side surfaces of the bases 401 of the two alignment devices of the third group of alignment device 6, and the laser beam of the third laser distance measuring sensor is perpendicular to the C surface of the reference surface of the X-direction reference block 701 and is used for measuring the position of the cross beam of the locomotive frame 1 to be measured. In this embodiment, the first laser ranging sensor 11, the second laser ranging sensor 12, and the third laser ranging sensor 13 are all LK-G155 laser ranging sensors, and the ranging range thereof is 110mm to 190 mm.
Whether the pull rod seat is deformed or not, and data such as the deformation amount, the axle distance deviation, the horizontal center distance deviation of the upper pull rod seat and the lower pull rod seat are measured and calculated by taking the central line of the notch of the pull rod seat as a reference, and the notch of the pull rod seat is a trapezoidal notch E with the inclination of 1:10, as shown in figure 9, and the notch is used for matching with a pull rod mandrel of an upper axle box pull rod of a locomotive and transmitting the power of a locomotive wheel pair to a locomotive carriage. Since the central line F of the pull rod seat cut is virtual and cannot be directly measured, a detection mandrel 14 similar to the pull rod mandrel is designed for this purpose, as shown in fig. 10, 11 and 13.
The detection mandrel 14 is a cylinder 1401, two trapezoidal bumps 1402 which are symmetrical up and down are respectively arranged at two ends of the cylinder, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, the inclination of the trapezoidal bump 1402 is 1:10, the length and the height of the trapezoidal bump are matched with the length and the depth of a cut E of a lower pull rod seat 105 of a locomotive frame to be detected, and then the whole detection mandrel 14 is milled 1/4 along the axis of the cylinder. When the detection core shaft 14 is used, the detection core shaft 14 is connected with a locomotive frame to be measured by closely matching the trapezoid bump 1402 of the detection core shaft with the notch E of the pull rod seat, so that the axis of the detection core shaft 14 is overlapped with the central line of the notch of the pull rod seat of the locomotive frame, the vertical surface of the detection core shaft 14 can be used as a measurement reference surface G, the position of the central line of the notch of the pull rod seat to be measured is accurately determined by measuring the distance to the reference surface G, and therefore the detection core shaft 14 constructs the measurement reference position of the central line of the notch of the pull rod seat to be measured.
This embodiment can realize carrying out the automatic alignment to the locomotive framework of placing it through setting up base, locating support, universal bearing, aligning device, range unit, has improved the precision and the degree of automation of alignment, has reduced operating personnel's intensity of labour simultaneously, has improved work efficiency.
Example two:
based on the locomotive framework automatic alignment detection platform of the first embodiment, the embodiment provides a locomotive framework automatic alignment detection method, which comprises the following steps: hoisting a locomotive frame to be detected to a universal supporting seat; starting an alignment device according to the detection result of the distance measuring device to align the locomotive frame; and (3) placing the detection mandrel into the notches of the pull rod seats, and measuring the relative position of the measurement reference surface of the detection mandrel and the detection positioning unit on the positioning support to obtain the actual parameters of the notches of the pull rod seats.
The alignment method of the locomotive frame to be tested is as follows.
The locomotive framework pull rod seats are welded on the left side beam and the right side beam, the pull rod seats are bilaterally symmetrical relative to the middle plane of the locomotive framework during design, but the design reference cannot be found during the remanufacturing process of the locomotive in service, the side beams of the locomotive framework are used as the reference during actual operation, and the side beams and the cross beams of the locomotive framework need to be overhauled before measurement in the process. Therefore, in the detection on the detection platform of the present invention, since the measurement reference is converted to the three reference blocks on the detection positioning unit 7 at the corresponding positions as the reference, the locomotive frame 1 to be measured must be aligned with respect to the detection positioning unit 7 before the detection, so that the distances from the two ends of the side beams to the reference plane D surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks 702 at the corresponding positions are equal. The alignment method and steps are as follows.
(1) And hoisting the piece to be tested. The locomotive frame 1 to be measured is turned over, the pull rod seat is turned upwards, and the locomotive frame is stably placed on the four universal supporting seats 3 of the detection platform by a crane, so that the laser ranging sensors are all within the measurement range, and the locomotive frame is shown in figure 3.
(2) And (5) transverse coarse alignment. The measurement and control system is turned on to obtain a set of measured data Y1, Y2 of the first laser ranging sensor 11, and the program of the measurement and control system calculates the average value Ya of (Y1+ Y2)/2, as shown in fig. 12, where the dashed line in the figure is the target position of the locomotive frame.
If Y1< Ya, the electrically controlled propulsion mechanism on the left side of the first alignment device 4 operates to feed Y1-S0 quickly and then to Ya-Y1. Wherein, S0 is the distance between the end face of the push rod 407 in the electric control propulsion mechanism and the emitting face of the laser ranging sensor, and the value is a fixed value, and after being measured during installation and debugging, the value is stored in the measurement and control system.
If Y1> Ya (i.e. Y2< Ya), the electrically controlled propulsion mechanism on the right side of the first alignment device 4 operates to feed Y2-S0 quickly and then Ya-Y2.
(3) In synchronization with step (2), a set of measured data Y3, Y4 of the second laser ranging sensor 12 is acquired, and the average Yb thereof is calculated as (Y3+ Y4)/2. If Y3 is less than Yb, the electric control propulsion mechanism on the left side in the second alignment device 5 works, and fast feeds Y3-S0 and then advances Yb-Y3; if Y3 is greater than Yb, the electrically controlled propulsion mechanism on the right side of the second aligning device 5 operates to feed Y4-S0 quickly and then Yb-Y4.
(4) And (5) longitudinally adjusting. And acquiring measured data X1 of the third laser ranging sensor 13, if X1 is smaller than Xa, operating the electric control propulsion mechanism at the front end of the third alignment device 6, and feeding X1-S0 quickly and then feeding Xa-X1. If X1 is more than Xa, the electric control propulsion mechanism at the rear end of the third aligning device 6 works to feed (Xa-S0) - (X1-Xa) quickly and then to feed X1-Xa.
And Xa is the distance from the emitting surface of the laser ranging sensor to the inner side surface of the side beam of the locomotive frame in the target position state. The value is a fixed value determined in advance according to different vehicle types and is stored in the measurement and control system. When in the target position, the ideal (i.e., undeformed) center line of the notch of each tie bar base of the locomotive frame coincides with the reference plane of the X-direction reference block 701 corresponding to the detection position.
(5) And (4) transversely fine-adjusting. Because the influence of the transverse placement deviation of the locomotive frame to be measured on the measurement precision is large, after the transverse rough adjustment is finished, the measured data Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 of each laser ranging sensor are obtained again, if Y1 is less than Y2, the electric control propulsion mechanism on the left side in the first adjusting device 4 is in working progress, the measurement and control system judges in real time, and when | Y1-Y2| is less than δ, the first adjusting device 4 stops working; if Y3< Y4, the electric control propulsion mechanism on the left side in the second alignment device 5 advances, the measurement and control system judges in real time, and when | Y3-Y4| < delta, the second alignment device 5 stops working. Otherwise the operation is similar. Where δ is a threshold value stored in the system in advance, representing the measurement accuracy, and δ is set to 0.1mm in this example.
(6) And when the subsequent measurement work is finished, the measurement and control system issues an instruction, and each electric control propulsion mechanism returns to the initial position to wait for the next detection work.
The automatic locomotive frame alignment method overcomes the defects that multiple persons are required to cooperate, the position and the size are measured one by one repeatedly and the position of the locomotive frame to be measured is adjusted repeatedly when the existing manual adjustment is carried out, the time required for alignment is greatly shortened, operators are reduced to one person, and the alignment precision is greatly improved.
And detecting the locomotive frame pull rod seat to be detected.
In the operation process of a locomotive, the locomotive frame pull rod seat is often deformed due to various forces, and the deformation of the pull rod seat must be detected in the in-service remanufacturing process of the locomotive, so that actual measurement data are provided for subsequent deviation calculation and deformation restoration. Three groups of data need to be measured for the pull rod seat: the deformation of the inner plane of the notch at the outer side of the pull rod seat, the longitudinal deformation of the center of the notch at the outer side of the pull rod seat and the longitudinal deformation of the center of the notch at the inner side of the pull rod seat. The three groups of data reflect the transverse deformation, longitudinal deformation and torsional deformation of the pull rod seat, and influence the distance between the wheel rim and the rail, the transverse displacement of the framework and the installation and abrasion of the axle box pull rod.
This embodiment makes a comprehensive measurement of these dimensions on the locomotive frame by means of a detection mandrel, a depth vernier caliper, a square gauge 15, a feeler gauge, etc. The measurement procedure is as follows.
(1) In the process of installing the alignment detection platform, an ideal (i.e. undeformed) locomotive frame is firstly used for debugging, so that the central line of the notch of the pull rod seat is superposed with the reference plane of the X-direction reference block 701 corresponding to the detection position, and the distance between the side beam of the locomotive frame and the reference plane of the corresponding Y-direction reference block 702 is equal, and the state is determined as a target position. Then, the positions of the first aligning device 4, the second aligning device 5, and the third aligning device 6 are adjusted so that the distances from the end surfaces of the push rods 407 to the side members or the cross member surfaces pushed by the push rods are equal to each other, the distances from the emitting surfaces of the laser distance measuring sensors mounted thereon to the measuring surfaces thereof are also equal to each other, the positions are fixed and set as original reference positions, and S0 is recorded and stored in the measurement and control system. The commissioning process is performed once and for a long period of time, in this example S0 ═ 10 mm.
(2) The detection mandrel 14 is placed into the notch of each pull rod seat, whether the notch is matched with the detection mandrel 14 or not is checked by using a 0.08mm feeler gauge, the insertion depth from the edge to the central line is not more than 10mm by using the 0.08mm feeler gauge, and the bottom gap is within the range of 0.5-0.6mm, as shown in fig. 13 and 14. If the range is exceeded, the air grinding wheel or the file is used for filing the incision, and the requirement is met.
(3) The first detection position is measured first in the axis pair order. The distance from the plane H in the notch on the outer side of the pull rod seat to the plane D of the reference block is directly measured by a depth vernier caliper, and the left side of the depth vernier caliper is recorded as U in sequence1iThe right side is marked as U in turn2iWhere the serial number i is 1, …, 6. As shown in fig. 9 and 14.
(4) Horizontally placing a square flat ruler 15 on a reference surface of a Z-direction reference block 703 using a group of detection positions, tightly attaching the square flat ruler 15 to a reference surface C of an X-direction reference block 701, inserting clearance gauges or clearance gauge combinations with different thicknesses between the square flat ruler 15 and a measurement reference surface G of a detection mandrel 14, and sequentially measuring the outer side of a left side notch, the inner side of the left side notch, the inner side of a right side notch and the right sideThe gaps at the outside of the incision, respectively denoted V1i、V2i、V3i、V4i。
(5) And (4) after the measurement of one group of detection positions is finished, repeating the steps (2) to (4) and measuring the next detection position until the measurement of 6 groups of 12 detection positions is finished. The obtained U1i、V1i、V2iAnd U2i、V3i、V4iThe transverse deformation, the longitudinal deformation and the torsional deformation of the pull rod seats on the left side and the right side are respectively.
In the embodiment, the deformation of the pull rod seat is measured by means of the detection mandrel and the like, so that accurate data are provided for the subsequent trimming of the locomotive frame; the method has the advantages of low measurement cost, good comprehensive measurement precision and high efficiency, the detection workload of two hours before the completion can be completed within twenty minutes, and the industrialization requirement of the in-service remanufacturing of large-batch locomotives can be met.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a locomotive framework automatic alignment testing platform which characterized in that includes:
a base;
the positioning supports are arranged on the base and used for detecting a pull rod seat on a locomotive frame, and each positioning support is provided with a detection positioning unit;
a plurality of universal supporting seats which are arranged on the base and used for supporting the locomotive frame;
and the plurality of aligning devices are arranged on the base and are used for adjusting the relative position of the locomotive framework on the detection platform, and each aligning device is provided with a distance measuring device.
2. The locomotive frame automatic alignment detection platform of claim 1, wherein there are three sets of two positioning supports, and the two positioning supports of each set are respectively located on two sides of the base and match the position and size of the drawbar seat on the locomotive frame.
3. The locomotive frame auto-alignment inspection platform of claim 2, wherein each of said inspection positioning units comprises at least one inspection site, each of said inspection sites comprising an X-direction reference block, a Y-direction reference block and a Z-direction reference block.
4. The locomotive frame auto-alignment inspection platform of claim 3,
in each detection position corresponding to each positioning support positioned on the same side of the base, the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks are coplanar; the reference surfaces of the Y-direction reference blocks positioned on the two sides of the base are equidistant;
in each detection position corresponding to the same group of positioning supports, the datum plane of the X-direction datum block is coplanar and vertical to the datum plane of the Y-direction datum block; the reference surfaces of the Z-direction reference blocks are positioned on the same horizontal plane.
5. The locomotive frame automatic alignment detection platform of claim 3, wherein two detection positions are provided for each detection positioning unit on two sets of positioning supports at two ends of the base.
6. The locomotive frame automatic alignment detection platform of claim 1, wherein the universal bearing comprises a bearing mounted on a base, the bearing having a plurality of ball sockets, one universal ball disposed in each ball socket, a plurality of balls disposed between each universal ball and the ball socket; the fixing plate is arranged on the supporting seat, a through hole corresponding to the ball socket on the supporting seat is formed in the fixing plate, and one part of the universal ball penetrates through the through hole in the fixing plate and can roll freely.
7. The locomotive frame automatic alignment test platform of claim 1, wherein the alignment device has three sets of two, two sets of two sets being located at both ends of the base for adjusting the position of the locomotive frame relative to the test platform in the Y direction; and the other group is positioned in the middle of the base and used for adjusting the position of the locomotive framework in the X direction relative to the detection platform.
8. The locomotive frame self-aligning inspection platform of claim 7, wherein the alignment device includes a base mounted on the base;
the fixing plate, the lower connecting plate, the middle vertical plate, the upper connecting plate and the motor fixing plate are assembled into a 'ri' -shaped frame and fixedly connected with the base, and the motor is arranged on the motor fixing plate;
the screw rod is arranged on the middle vertical plate through a bearing seat assembly, one end of the screw rod is connected with an output shaft of the motor through a coupler, and the other end of the screw rod is provided with a screw rod nut;
one end of the push rod is fixedly connected with the screw rod nut, the other end of the push rod penetrates through a shaft sleeve fixedly connected to the fixed plate and is in sliding connection with the shaft sleeve, bearings are mounted on the upper surface and the lower surface of the push rod through pin shafts, and the bearings are respectively embedded into rectangular grooves formed in the inner sides of the upper connecting plate and the lower connecting plate along the axial direction of the screw rod.
9. The locomotive frame self-aligning inspection platform of claim 1, wherein the distance measuring device is a laser distance measuring sensor.
10. An automatic alignment detection method for a locomotive frame is characterized by comprising the steps of adopting a detection mandrel, a square flat rule and the automatic alignment detection platform for the locomotive frame according to any one of claims 1 to 9;
the detection mandrel comprises a cylinder and double-trapezoid bumps, wherein the double-trapezoid bumps are connected to two ends of the cylinder and matched with notches of a pull rod seat on a locomotive frame;
the method comprises the following steps:
hoisting a locomotive frame to be detected to a universal supporting seat;
starting an alignment device according to the detection result of the distance measuring device to align the locomotive frame;
and placing the detection core shaft into each pull rod seat notch, and obtaining the actual parameters of each pull rod seat notch by measuring the gap between the detection core shaft and the pull rod seat notch and the relative position of the measurement reference surface of the detection core shaft and the detection positioning unit on the positioning support.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111501599.3A CN114199105B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Automatic alignment detection platform and method for locomotive framework |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111501599.3A CN114199105B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Automatic alignment detection platform and method for locomotive framework |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114199105A true CN114199105A (en) | 2022-03-18 |
| CN114199105B CN114199105B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
Family
ID=80651761
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111501599.3A Active CN114199105B (en) | 2021-12-09 | 2021-12-09 | Automatic alignment detection platform and method for locomotive framework |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114199105B (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103234421A (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-08-07 | 南车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Diesel locomotive frame measurement method |
| CN203471221U (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-03-12 | 中国北车集团大同电力机车有限责任公司 | Locomotive frame assembling tool |
| CN103868701A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-18 | 南车洛阳机车有限公司 | Framework platform movable detection unit |
| CN107607024A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-01-19 | 中车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Car body bogie gap measuring apparatus |
| CN107635823A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2018-01-26 | 开马意大利有限公司 | System and method for carrying out video check to bow collector along overhead contact line |
| CN109382649A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-26 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Guide tracked threaded flex connects framework pairing device |
| WO2021217765A1 (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | 中铁四局集团第五工程有限公司 | Crts iii-type track slab rapid smart precision adjustment system and precision adjustment method |
-
2021
- 2021-12-09 CN CN202111501599.3A patent/CN114199105B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103868701A (en) * | 2012-12-13 | 2014-06-18 | 南车洛阳机车有限公司 | Framework platform movable detection unit |
| CN103234421A (en) * | 2013-05-07 | 2013-08-07 | 南车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Diesel locomotive frame measurement method |
| CN203471221U (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-03-12 | 中国北车集团大同电力机车有限责任公司 | Locomotive frame assembling tool |
| CN107635823A (en) * | 2015-05-12 | 2018-01-26 | 开马意大利有限公司 | System and method for carrying out video check to bow collector along overhead contact line |
| CN109382649A (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-02-26 | 中车大同电力机车有限公司 | Guide tracked threaded flex connects framework pairing device |
| CN107607024A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2018-01-19 | 中车戚墅堰机车有限公司 | Car body bogie gap measuring apparatus |
| WO2021217765A1 (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-04 | 中铁四局集团第五工程有限公司 | Crts iii-type track slab rapid smart precision adjustment system and precision adjustment method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 寇银;: "DF4A型机车构架的测量及探伤", 河南科技, no. 04, 29 February 2012 (2012-02-29) * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114199105B (en) | 2024-04-16 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107514965B (en) | Crankshaft main journal roundness and crankshaft coaxiality error detection device | |
| CN112762832B (en) | Mechanical zeroing device and method for driving mechanism with auxiliary measuring device | |
| CN106872104B (en) | Composite platform for measuring and correcting center of gravity of controllable pitch propeller blade | |
| KR20090057669A (en) | Automatic measuring device of the guide roll alignment state of continuous casting equipment using laser sensor | |
| CN113970299A (en) | Device for vertically measuring outline of elongated piece with high precision | |
| CN107449372B (en) | Laser triangle-based ball screw nut comprehensive parameter detection device and method | |
| CN101487686B (en) | Detection adjusting apparatus and method for thin slab assembly | |
| CN211668449U (en) | High-precision profile detection device for steel rail | |
| CN111366122A (en) | Frame longitudinal beam flatness measuring method and frame positioning detection tool | |
| CN114199105A (en) | Automatic alignment detection platform and method for locomotive framework | |
| CN110220436A (en) | For measuring the cubing of the tilting hole site precision of axis outer wall | |
| CN111947606B (en) | Tunnel central axis auxiliary measuring device and measuring method thereof | |
| CN114199155B (en) | Locomotive framework pull rod seat deformation measurement platform and method based on machine vision | |
| CN114166142B (en) | Locomotive framework pull rod seat deformation detection platform and method | |
| KR102455281B1 (en) | Automatic levelling system and method for railway vehicles | |
| CN113624790B (en) | Axle surface residual stress evaluation method and detection device | |
| CN113819827A (en) | Length measuring device for adjustable pull rod of airplane control system | |
| CN212779005U (en) | Special length measurement ware of aircraft control system pull rod | |
| CN214120969U (en) | Detection apparatus for car battery support | |
| CN113029530B (en) | High-precision zeroing device of driving system and zeroing method thereof | |
| CN114353647A (en) | Verification tool and method for centering condition of marine gas turbine and underframe | |
| CN210605479U (en) | Automatic centering system for test motor | |
| CN117629065A (en) | Nuclear power steam generator tube plate deep hole measuring device | |
| CN213422004U (en) | Allowance inspection and marking tool for fan hub blank | |
| CN111521164B (en) | Adjusting and detecting system and method for monorail track beam |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |