CN114197544A - Counterforce device and counterforce applying method for single-pile vertical static load test - Google Patents
Counterforce device and counterforce applying method for single-pile vertical static load test Download PDFInfo
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- CN114197544A CN114197544A CN202111342988.6A CN202111342988A CN114197544A CN 114197544 A CN114197544 A CN 114197544A CN 202111342988 A CN202111342988 A CN 202111342988A CN 114197544 A CN114197544 A CN 114197544A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of foundation pile detection in construction engineering, and discloses a counter-force device and a counter-force applying method for a single-pile vertical static load test, aiming at solving the problems of lower test efficiency, lower safety, time and labor waste in the prior art; the invention applies small load to the detected pile by simultaneously applying a plurality of jacks arranged around the detected pile and then converts the small load into large load by the loading beam lever, and the load is applied to the detected pile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of foundation pile detection in construction engineering, in particular to a reaction device and a reaction force applying method for a single-pile vertical static load test.
Background
The principle of the single-pile vertical static load test is that the load close to or slightly higher than the actual working condition of a pile is loaded on the pile top of a detected pile step by step, and the corresponding single-pile vertical compression bearing capacity or single-pile vertical compression bearing capacity is determined by observing the settlement or pull-up amount of the pile top generated along with the load change and time, so that a basis is provided for the design and engineering acceptance of the pile. The vertical static load test of different single piles according to the purpose of the test mainly includes: the single-pile vertical compression-resistant static load test and the single-pile vertical pulling-resistant static load test are two types.
The currently known counterforce device for the single-pile vertical static load test mainly adopts a pressure-weight platform counterforce device (commonly called a stacking method), an anchor pile cross beam counterforce device, an anchor pile pressure-weight combined counterforce device and the like. The counter-force device of the ballast platform consists of a heavy block, a main beam, a secondary beam, a jack and the like, and the method involves the hoisting and placing of the heavy block and the main and secondary beams and the lap joint or welding of the main and secondary beams, so that the method is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and if the operation is improper, a large safety accident is easily caused, and the personal safety of field testers is seriously threatened. The anchor pile cross beam counterforce device is composed of anchor piles, a main beam, a secondary beam, a jack and the like, and the method relates to the construction of the anchor piles, so that a long test period is needed, the cost investment is huge, the method is not economical, and in addition, the method also relates to the lap joint or welding of the primary beam and the secondary beam with the anchor piles, and a large potential safety hazard exists. The anchor pile weight combined counter-force device is characterized in that the weight block and the anchor pile are combined to provide counter-force, so that the method has the problems of the two methods. In addition, in the traditional static load test counterforce device and method, the load applied by the jack is equal to the maximum test load, and for a large-tonnage or ultra-large-tonnage static load test, the performance of the jack is seriously tested. If one or a few jacks with large lifting capacity are used, the jacks are bulky, impractical and uneconomical; it is also a problem if a plurality of jacks of smaller lifting capacity are used, that a large number of jacks are simultaneously placed in a limited spatial position.
Therefore, a novel reaction device for a single-pile vertical static load test and a reaction force application method are needed, which can improve the test efficiency and are safe, economical, time-saving and labor-saving.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a counter-force device and a counter-force applying method for a single-pile vertical static load test, and aims to solve the problems of low test efficiency, low safety, time and labor waste in the prior art.
The invention is realized in such a way, the counter-force device for the single-pile vertical static load test comprises a counter-force frame 1, a counter-force plate 2, a counter-force disc 3, a pulley base plate 4, a jack 5, a foundation anchor rod 6 and a bolt 7, wherein the counter-force frame 1 comprises a cross beam 11 and a loading beam 12, the counter-force plate 2 comprises a bottom plate 21, a loading beam buttress 22, a U-shaped groove 23, a cover plate 24, a cover plate anchor rod 25, a cross beam buttress 26, a cross beam anchor rod 27 and a foundation anchor rod hole 28, the counter-force disc 3 comprises a disc body 31 and an anchor hole 32, the pulley base plate 4 comprises a base plate 41, a fixing plate 42, a pulley shaft 43 and a pulley 44, the pulley shaft 43 is fixed on the base plate 41 by the fixing plate 42, and the pulley 44 rotates around the pulley shaft 43.
Further, the cross beam 11 includes a cross beam body 111, a cross beam anchor rod hole 112 and a load beam rotation shaft 113, and the load beam 12 includes a load beam body 121, a load beam rotation shaft hole 122, a load beam pulley shaft 123 and a load beam pulley 124, and the load beam pulley 124 rotates around the load beam rotation shaft 113.
Further, reaction plate 2 is symmetrically arranged around the detected pile, the long side direction of the reaction plate is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of loading beam 12, wherein the clear distance between reaction plate 2 and the detected pile is greater than or equal to 1B (B is the width of the reaction plate) and greater than 1.5m, foundation anchor rod 6 penetrates through foundation anchor rod hole 28 on reaction plate 2, one end is anchored into the ground, and the other end is anchored with reaction plate 2.
Further, the cross beam 11 is erected on the cross beam buttress 26 on the reaction plate 2, and the cross beam anchor rod 27 passes through the cross beam anchor rod hole 112, and the cross beam 11 is fixed on the cross beam buttress 26 through the bolt 7.
Furthermore, the reaction plate 3 is placed on the pile top of the pile to be detected, the center of the reaction plate 3 is overlapped with the center of the pile to be detected, and the main reinforcement of the pile to be detected passes through the anchor hole 32 on the reaction plate 3 and is anchored with the plate body 31 of the reaction plate 3.
Further, the load beam 12 is overlapped with the load beam rotating shaft 113 of the cross beam 11 at the load beam rotating shaft hole 122, the load beam rotating shaft 113 is located at the center of the cross beam 11 and on the load beam 11 side closer to the pile to be tested, and the load beam 12 rotates around the load beam rotating shaft 113 in the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal central axis of the load beam 12.
Further, the inside of the cross beam body 111 is provided with a lubricating mechanism 8, the lubricating mechanism 8 comprises an oil storage bag 81 and pressure rods 82 which are arranged inside the cross beam body 111, and extension springs 83 which are arranged on the outer surfaces of the pressure rods 82, the pressure rods 82 are provided with two groups, the two groups of pressure rods 82 are connected with the upper jaw and the lower jaw of the cross beam body 111 through the extension springs 83, and the oil storage bag 81 is arranged between the two groups of pressure rods 82.
Furthermore, the two sides of the oil storage bag 81 are provided with connecting bent pipes 84, one ends of the connecting bent pipes 84 are provided with extension pipes 85, the outer surfaces of the two groups of compression bars 82 are provided with traction ropes 86, and one ends of the two groups of traction ropes 86 are connected with the loading beam rotating shaft 113 in a cross connection mode.
According to another aspect of the invention, a counterforce application method for a single pile vertical static load test is also provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a reaction plate and a foundation anchor rod: according to the influence factors such as the maximum test load, the size of the cross beam, the field geological condition and the clear distance specification of the ground geological condition and the detected pile, the reaction plates and the foundation anchor rods are symmetrically constructed around the detected pile;
s2, mounting a reaction frame: symmetrically installing the assembled reaction frame around the tested pile according to the position of the constructed reaction plate;
s3, mounting a reaction force disc: according to the test purpose, the horizontal position of the installed loading beam and the thickness of the reaction plate, the reaction plate is reasonably installed on the top of the tested pile, and during the compression-resistant static load test, the reaction plate is positioned below the pulley of the loading beam and does not need to be anchored with the main reinforcement of the tested pile; during the anti-pulling static load test, the reaction disc is positioned above the loading beam pulley and needs to be anchored with the main reinforcement of the pile to be tested;
s4, placing a jack and a pulley backing plate: according to different test purposes, a jack and a pulley base plate are respectively arranged at reasonable positions, during a compression-resistant static load test, the jack is arranged on the loading beam buttress on the reaction plate, the pulley base plate is arranged above the jack, the loading beam is arranged above the pulley base plate, the pulley of the pulley base plate is arranged at the central axis position of the lower bottom surface of the loading beam buttress, the jack and the central axis of the base plate of the pulley base plate are coincided; during the anti-pulling static load test, the loading beam is suspended above the loading beam buttress, the pulley base plate is arranged on the loading beam in an inverted mode, the loading beam is positioned below the pulley base plate, the pulley of the pulley base plate is positioned at the central axis position of the upper top surface of the loading beam, the jack is arranged on the base plate of the pulley base plate in an inverted mode, and the central axes of the loading beam buttress, the jack and the base plate of the pulley base plate are coincident;
s5, hierarchical loading: and carrying out graded loading on the maximum test load according to the requirements of relevant specifications, then reversely calculating the actual working load required by the jack under each grade of load according to the number of the jacks and the lever ratio m/n of the loading beam, converting the counter force of the jack on the loading beam through the lever of the loading beam when the jack is loaded to the actual working load so as to change the test load applied to the tested pile, and carrying out graded loading and unloading according to the requirements of the relevant specifications and the corresponding stability judgment standards until the test is finished.
Further, in the compression static load test: the jack is arranged in the U-shaped groove on the loading beam buttress, the central axis of the jack is coincided with the central axis of the loading beam buttress, the pulley backing plate is arranged on the jack, the central axis of the backing plate of the pulley backing plate is coincided with the central axis of the jack, one end of the loading beam body of the loading beam is erected on the pulley backing plate, the pulley is positioned at the central axis position of the lower bottom surface of the loading beam, the pulley shaft of the loading beam is vertical to the longitudinal direction of the loading beam, one end of the loading beam pulley of the loading beam is arranged on the counter-force disc and is contacted with the top surface of the counter-force disc, wherein when the loading beam is loaded to the maximum test load, the loading beam pulley is not separated from the top surface of the counter-force disc, and one end of the loading beam body is not separated from the pulley of the pulley backing plate, in the anti-pulling static load test: one end of the loading beam body is arranged in the U-shaped groove on the loading beam buttress and is suspended, one end of the loading beam pulley of the loading beam is arranged under the counter-force disc and is contacted with the bottom surface of the counter-force disc, the pulley backing plate is arranged on the loading beam body upside down, the backing plate central axis of the pulley backing plate is coincided with the loading beam buttress central axis, the pulley is positioned at the central axis position of the upper top surface of the loading beam, the pulley shaft of the loading beam is vertical to the longitudinal direction of the loading beam, the jack is arranged on the backing plate of the pulley backing plate upside down, the jack central axis is coincided with the central axis of the loading beam buttress, the cover plate of the counter-force plate is arranged on the jack and is anchored on the loading beam buttress through the cover plate anchor rod to provide counter-force for the jack, when the load is loaded to the maximum test load, the load beam pulley is not separated from the bottom surface of the reaction disc, and one end of the load beam body is not separated from the pulley of the pulley backing plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a counterforce device and a counterforce application method for a single-pile vertical static load test, which are characterized in that a plurality of jacks arranged around a tested pile simultaneously apply small loads, then the small loads are converted into large loads through a loading beam lever to apply loads to the tested pile, and according to different compression-resistant static load tests or pulling-resistant static load tests of test purposes, the jacks are respectively arranged below or above a loading beam to jack or press the loading beam, and the loading beam reverses the loads by taking a loading beam rotating shaft on a cross beam as a fulcrum, so that the compression or pulling of the tested pile is realized.
2. The invention provides a counterforce device and a counterforce applying method for a single-pile vertical static load test, wherein a lubricating mechanism is arranged inside a cross beam body, the lubricating mechanism comprises an oil storage bag and a pressure rod which are arranged inside the cross beam body, and an extension spring arranged on the outer surface of the pressure rod, two groups of pressure rods are arranged, the two groups of pressure rods are connected with the upper jaw and the lower jaw of the cross beam body through the extension spring, the oil storage bag is arranged between the two groups of pressure rods, two sides of the oil storage bag are respectively provided with a connecting bent pipe, one end of the connecting bent pipe is provided with an extension pipe, the outer surfaces of the two groups of pressure rods are respectively provided with a traction rope, one ends of the two groups of traction ropes are respectively connected with a loading beam rotating shaft and are in cross connection, when the loading beam rotating shaft rotates, the traction rope can be pulled, and the traction rope can pull the pressure rod to enable the pressure rod to extrude the oil storage bag, and lubricating oil is filled in the oil storage bag in advance, lubricating oil is extruded from the extension pipe and is sprayed on the surface of the rotating shaft, so that the lubrication degree of the rotating shaft and the cross beam body is improved, the energy loss is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a reaction device for a single-pile vertical static load test provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cross beam body of the counterforce device for a single-pile vertical static load test provided by the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction device lubricating mechanism for a single-pile vertical static load test provided by the invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view (section A-A) of a reaction device for a single-pile vertical static load test provided by the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction frame of a reaction force device for a single-pile vertical static load test provided by the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a cross beam structure of a reaction device for a single-pile vertical static load test provided by the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a reaction plate of a reaction force device for a single-pile vertical static load test provided by the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a loading beam of the counterforce device for a single-pile vertical static load test provided by the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a reaction plate structure of a reaction device for a single-pile vertical static load test provided by the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a pulley backing plate structure of a counterforce device for a single-pile vertical static load test provided by the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of the overall anti-compression static load test state of the counterforce device of the single-pile vertical static load test provided by the invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of the overall anti-pulling static load test state of the reaction device for the single-pile vertical static load test provided by the invention;
FIG. 13 is a flow chart of a reaction force device method for a single pile vertical static load test provided by the invention.
In the figure: 1. a reaction frame; 11. a cross beam; 111. a cross beam body; 112. a cross beam anchor rod hole; 113. a load beam rotation axis; 12. a load beam; 121. a load beam body; 122. the loading beam rotates the shaft hole; 123. a load beam pulley shaft; 124. a load beam pulley; 2. a reaction plate; 21. a base plate; 22. loading a beam buttress; 23. a U-shaped groove; 24. a cover plate; 25. a cover plate anchor rod; 26. a well beam buttress; 27. a cross beam anchor; 28. a foundation anchor rod hole; 3. a counterforce disk; 31. a tray body; 32. an anchor eye; 4. a pulley backing plate; 41. a base plate; 42. a fixing plate; 43. a pulley shaft; 44. a pulley; 5. a jack; 6. a foundation anchor rod; 7. a bolt; 8. a lubrication mechanism; 81. an oil reservoir bladder; 82. a pressure lever; 83. an extension spring; 84. connecting a bent pipe; 85. lengthening a pipe; 86. and (6) pulling the rope.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following describes the implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the present embodiment correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.
In order to solve the technical problem of how to improve the test work efficiency, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 4-12, the following preferred technical solutions are provided:
the utility model provides a vertical static test's of single pile counterforce device, including counterforce frame 1, counterforce board 2, reaction plate 3, pulley backing plate 4, jack 5, ground stock 6 and bolt 7, counterforce frame 1 includes well word roof beam 11 and loading roof beam 12, counterforce board 2 includes bottom plate 21, loading beam buttress 22, U type groove 23, apron 24, apron stock 25, well word roof beam buttress 26, well word roof beam stock 27 and ground stock hole 28, counterforce board 3 includes disk body 31 and anchor eye 32, pulley backing plate 4 includes backing plate 41, fixed plate 42, pulley shaft 43 and pulley 44, fixed plate 42 fixes pulley shaft 43 on backing plate 41, pulley 44 rotates around pulley shaft 43.
The cross beam 11 includes a cross beam body 111, a cross beam anchor rod hole 112 and a load beam rotation shaft 113, the load beam 12 includes a load beam body 121, a load beam rotation shaft hole 122, a load beam pulley shaft 123 and a load beam pulley 124, and the load beam pulley 124 rotates around the load beam rotation shaft 113.
The reaction plates 2 are symmetrically arranged around the tested pile, the long side direction of the reaction plates is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the loading beam 12, wherein the clear distance between the reaction plates 2 and the tested pile is more than or equal to 1B (B is the width of the reaction plates 2) and more than 1.5m, the foundation anchor rod 6 penetrates through a foundation anchor rod hole 28 on the reaction plates 2, one end of the foundation anchor rod is anchored into the ground, and the other end of the foundation anchor rod is anchored with the reaction plates 2.
The well beam 11 is erected on the well beam buttress 26 on the reaction plate 2, the well beam anchor rod 27 penetrates through the well beam anchor rod hole 112, and the well beam 11 is fixed on the well beam buttress 26 through the bolt 7.
The reaction plate 3 is arranged on the pile top of the detected pile, the center of the reaction plate 3 is coincided with the center of the detected pile, and the main reinforcement of the detected pile passes through the anchor hole 32 on the reaction plate 3 and is anchored with the plate body 31 of the reaction plate 3.
The load beam 12 is overlapped with the load beam rotating shaft 113 on the cross beam 11 at the load beam rotating shaft hole 122, the load beam rotating shaft 113 is located at the center of the cross beam 11 and is closer to the side of the pile to be tested on the load beam 11, and the load beam 12 rotates around the load beam rotating shaft 113 in the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal central axis of the load beam 12.
Specifically, the load is applied to the detected pile by simultaneously applying small loads to a plurality of jacks 5 arranged on the periphery of the detected pile and then converting the small loads into large loads through levers of loading beams 12, the compression static load tests or the pulling static load tests are carried out according to different test purposes, the jacks 5 are respectively arranged below or above the loading beams 12 to jack or press the loading beams 12, and the loading beams 12 rotate the loads by taking loading beam rotating shafts 113 on cross beams 11 as fulcrums, so that the compression or pulling of the detected pile is realized.
In order to solve the technical problem of how to reduce the energy loss, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the following preferred technical solutions are provided:
the inside of the cross beam body 111 is provided with a lubricating mechanism 8, the lubricating mechanism 8 comprises an oil storage bag 81 and pressure rods 82 which are arranged inside the cross beam body 111, and extension springs 83 which are arranged on the outer surfaces of the pressure rods 82, the pressure rods 82 are provided with two groups, the two groups of pressure rods 82 are connected with the upper jaw and the lower jaw of the cross beam body 111 through the extension springs 83, and the oil storage bag 81 is arranged between the two groups of pressure rods 82.
The two sides of the oil storage bag 81 are provided with connecting bent pipes 84, one ends of the connecting bent pipes 84 are provided with lengthening pipes 85, the outer surfaces of the two groups of compression bars 82 are provided with traction ropes 86, and one ends of the two groups of traction ropes 86 are connected with the loading beam rotating shaft 113 in a cross connection mode.
Specifically, when the load beam rotating shaft 113 rotates, the traction rope 86 is pulled, and the traction rope 86 pulls the pressure lever 82, so that the pressure lever 82 presses the oil storage bag 81, and the lubricating oil is filled in the oil storage bag 81 in advance, so that the lubricating oil is extruded from the extension pipe 85 and is sprayed on the surface of the rotating shaft 113, the lubrication degree of the rotating shaft 113 and the cross beam body 111 is improved, the energy loss is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Referring to fig. 13, in order to better explain the above embodiment, the present invention further provides an implementation of a method for applying a counter force in a vertical static load test of a mono-pile, the method comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing the reaction plate 2 and the foundation anchor rod 6: according to the maximum test load, the size of the cross beam 11, the site geological conditions and relevant specifications, and the like, defining the clear distance between the cross beam and the detected pile, and symmetrically constructing reaction plates 2 and foundation anchor rods 6 around the detected pile;
s2, mounting a reaction frame 1: symmetrically installing the assembled reaction frame 1 around the tested pile according to the position of the constructed reaction plate 2;
s3, mounting reaction plate 3: according to the test purpose, the horizontal position of the installed loading beam 12 and the thickness of the reaction disc 3, the reaction disc 3 is reasonably installed on the top of the tested pile, and during the compression-resistant static load test, the reaction disc 3 is positioned below the loading beam pulley 124, and the reaction disc 3 does not need to be anchored with the main reinforcement of the tested pile; during the anti-pulling static load test, the reaction disc 3 is positioned above the loading beam pulley 124, and the reaction disc 3 must be anchored with the main reinforcement of the pile to be detected;
s4, placing the jack 5 and the pulley backing plate 4: according to different test purposes, a jack 5 and a pulley backing plate 4 are respectively arranged at reasonable positions, during a compression-resistant static load test, the jack 5 is arranged on a loading beam buttress 22 on a reaction plate 2, the pulley backing plate 4 is arranged above the jack 5, a loading beam 12 is arranged above the pulley backing plate 4, a pulley 44 of the pulley backing plate 4 is arranged at the central axis position of the lower bottom surface of the loading beam buttress 22, the jack 5 and a backing plate 41 of the pulley backing plate 4 are superposed; during the anti-pulling static load test, the loading beam 12 is suspended above the loading beam buttress 22, the pulley backing plate 4 is arranged on the loading beam 12 in an inverted mode, the loading beam 12 is arranged below the pulley backing plate 4, the pulley 44 of the pulley backing plate 4 is arranged on the central axis of the upper top surface of the loading beam 12, the jack 5 is arranged on the backing plate 41 of the pulley backing plate 4 in an inverted mode, and the central axes of the loading beam buttress 22, the jack 5 and the backing plate 41 of the pulley backing plate 4 are overlapped;
s5, hierarchical loading: the maximum test load is loaded in a grading way according to the requirements of relevant specifications, the actual working load required by the jack 5 under each grade of load is inversely calculated according to the number of the jacks 5 and the lever ratio m/n of the loading beam 12, when the jack 5 is loaded to the actual working load, the counter force of the loading beam 12 is converted through the lever of the loading beam 12, so that the test load applied to the tested pile is changed, and the grading loading and unloading are carried out according to the requirements of the relevant specifications and the corresponding stability judgment standards until the test is finished.
In the compression static load test: jack 5 is arranged in U type groove 23 on loading beam buttress 22, and make 5 axis of jack coincide with loading beam buttress 22 axis, pulley backing plate 4 is arranged on jack 5, and make backing plate 41 central axis of pulley backing plate 4 coincide with 5 central axis of jack, loading beam body 121 one end of loading beam 12 erects on pulley 44 on pulley backing plate 4, pulley 44 is located the axis position department of the lower bottom surface of loading beam 12, loading beam pulley shaft 123 is perpendicular to loading beam 12 longitudinal direction, loading beam pulley 124 one end of loading beam 12 is arranged on reaction plate 3, and contact with reaction plate 3 top surface, wherein, when loading to the maximum test load, loading beam pulley 124 does not deviate from reaction plate 3 top surface, and loading beam body 121 one end does not deviate from pulley 44 of pulley backing plate 4, when resistance to plucking the static load test: one end of a loading beam body 121 is arranged in a U-shaped groove 23 on a loading beam buttress 22 and suspended, one end of a loading beam pulley 124 of a loading beam 12 is arranged below a counterforce disc 3 and is contacted with the bottom surface of the counterforce disc 3, a pulley backing plate 4 is arranged on the loading beam body 121 in an inverted manner, the central axis of a backing plate 41 of the pulley backing plate 4 is coincided with the central axis of the loading beam buttress 22, a pulley 44 is arranged at the central axis position of the upper top surface of the loading beam 12, a loading beam pulley shaft 123 is vertical to the longitudinal direction of the loading beam 12, a jack 5 is arranged on the backing plate 41 of the pulley backing plate 4 in an inverted manner, the central axis of the jack 5 is coincided with the central axis of the loading beam buttress 22, a cover plate 24 of a counterforce plate 2 is arranged on the jack 5 and is anchored on the loading beam buttress 22 through a cover plate anchor rod 25 to provide the jack 5, when the maximum test counterforce is loaded, the loading beam pulley 124 is not separated from the bottom surface of the disc 3, and one end of the load beam body 121 does not come off the pulley 44 of the pulley shim plate 4.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A reaction device for a single-pile vertical static load test comprises a reaction frame (1), a reaction plate (2), a reaction disc (3), a pulley base plate (4), a jack (5), a foundation anchor rod (6) and a bolt (7), and is characterized in that the reaction frame (1) comprises a cross beam (11) and a loading beam (12), and the reaction plate (2) comprises a bottom plate (21), a loading beam buttress (22), a U-shaped groove (23), a cover plate (24), a cover plate anchor rod (25), a cross beam buttress (26), a cross beam anchor rod (27) and a foundation anchor rod hole (28);
reaction dish (3) are including disk body (31) and anchor eye (32), and pulley backing plate (4) are including backing plate (41), fixed plate (42), pulley shaft (43) and pulley (44), and fixed plate (42) will pulley shaft (43) are fixed on backing plate (41), pulley (44) wind pulley shaft (43) rotate.
2. The counterforce device for the single-pile vertical static load test of claim 1, wherein: the cross beam (11) comprises a cross beam body (111), a cross beam anchor rod hole (112) and a loading beam rotating shaft (113), the loading beam (12) comprises a loading beam body (121), a loading beam rotating shaft hole (122), a loading beam pulley shaft (123) and a loading beam pulley (124), and the loading beam pulley (124) rotates around the loading beam rotating shaft (113).
3. The counterforce device for the single-pile vertical static load test of claim 2, wherein: reaction plate (2) symmetry is laid around the examined stake, its long limit direction perpendicular to load beam (12) longitudinal direction, wherein, clear distance more than or equal to 1B (B) between reaction plate (2) and the examined stake does the width of reaction plate (2) just is greater than 1.5m, and ground stock (6) pass on reaction plate (2) ground stock hole (28), one end anchor income stratum, one end with reaction plate (2) anchor.
4. The counterforce device of claim 3, wherein: the cross beam (11) is erected on the counter-force plate (2) on the cross beam buttress (26), and the cross beam anchor rods (27) penetrate through the cross beam anchor rod holes (112) and are fixed on the cross beam buttress (26) through the bolts (7).
5. The counterforce device of the single-pile vertical static load test of claim 4, wherein: the reaction disc (3) is placed on the pile top of the pile to be detected, the center of the reaction disc (3) is overlapped with the center of the pile to be detected, and the main reinforcement of the pile to be detected penetrates through the anchor hole (32) on the reaction disc (3) and is anchored with the disc body (31) of the reaction disc (3).
6. The counterforce device of the single-pile vertical static load test of claim 5, wherein: the loading beam (12) is in the loading beam rotating shaft hole (122) and the loading beam rotating shaft (113) on the cross beam (11) are in lap joint, the loading beam rotating shaft (113) is located at the center position of the cross beam (11), the loading beam (11) is closer to one side of a detected pile, and the loading beam (12) winds the loading beam rotating shaft (113) and rotates in a vertical plane passing through the longitudinal central axis of the loading beam (12).
7. The counterforce device of claim 6, wherein: the inside of well word roof beam body (111) is provided with lubricated mechanism (8), lubricated mechanism (8) are including setting up in the inside oil storage bag (81) and depression bar (82) of well word roof beam body (111) to and set up on depression bar (82) surface extension spring (83), depression bar (82) are provided with two sets ofly, two sets of depression bar (82) are all connected through upper and lower jaw of extension spring (83) with well word roof beam body (111), oil storage bag (81) set up between two sets of depression bar (82).
8. The counterforce device of claim 7, wherein: the two sides of the oil storage bag (81) are provided with connecting bent pipes (84), one ends of the connecting bent pipes (84) are provided with lengthening pipes (85), the outer surfaces of the two groups of compression bars (82) are provided with traction ropes (86), and one ends of the two groups of traction ropes (86) are connected with the loading beam rotating shaft (113) in a cross connection mode.
9. A reaction force application method of a reaction force device for a monopile vertical static load test as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a reaction plate (2) and a foundation anchor rod (6): according to the maximum test load, the size of the cross beam (11), the site geological condition and relevant specifications, and the like, and according to the influence factors such as the clear distance specification between the cross beam and the detected pile, symmetrically constructing the reaction plates (2) and the foundation anchor rods (6) on the periphery of the detected pile;
s2, mounting a reaction frame (1): symmetrically installing the assembled reaction frame (1) around the tested pile according to the position of the constructed reaction plate (2);
s3, mounting reaction force disc (3): according to the purpose of the test, the horizontal position of the installed loading beam (12) and the thickness of the reaction plate (3), the reaction plate (3) is reasonably installed on the top of the tested pile, and during the compression-resistant static load test, the reaction plate (3) is positioned below the loading beam pulley (124), and the reaction plate (3) is not required to be anchored with the main reinforcement of the tested pile; during the anti-pulling static load test, the reaction disc (3) is positioned above the loading beam pulley (124), and the reaction disc (3) is anchored with the main reinforcement of the tested pile;
s4, placing a jack (5) and a pulley backing plate (4): according to different test purposes, a jack (5) and a pulley cushion plate (4) are respectively placed at reasonable positions, during a compression-resistant static load test, the jack (5) is placed on the loading beam buttress (22) on the reaction plate (2), the pulley cushion plate (4) is placed above the jack (5), the loading beam (12) is positioned above the pulley cushion plate (4) and enables the pulley (44) of the pulley cushion plate (4) to be positioned at the central axis position of the lower bottom surface of the pulley cushion plate, and the central axes of the loading beam buttress (22), the jack (5) and the cushion plate (41) of the pulley cushion plate (4) are coincided; during a pulling-resistant static load test, the loading beam (12) is suspended above the loading beam buttress (22), the pulley backing plate (4) is arranged on the loading beam (12) in an inverted mode, the loading beam (12) is arranged below the pulley backing plate (4) and enables the pulley (44) of the pulley backing plate (4) to be located at the central axis position of the upper top surface of the pulley backing plate, the jack (5) is arranged on the backing plate (41) of the pulley backing plate (4) in an inverted mode, and the central axes of the loading beam buttress (22), the jack (5) and the backing plate (41) of the pulley backing plate (4) are coincident;
s5, hierarchical loading: the maximum test load is loaded in a grading manner according to the requirements of relevant specifications, the actual working load required by the jack (5) under each grade of load is inversely calculated according to the number of the jacks (5) and the lever ratio m/n of the loading beam (12), when the jack (5) is loaded to the actual working load, the counter force of the jack to the loading beam (12) is converted through the lever of the loading beam (12) so as to become the test load applied to the tested pile, and the grading loading and unloading are carried out according to the relevant specifications and the requirements of corresponding stability judgment standards until the test is finished.
10. The counterforce exerting method of the counterforce device of the single pile vertical static load test of claim 9, characterized in that: in the compression static load test: the jack (5) is arranged in the U-shaped groove (23) on the loading beam buttress (22), the central axis of the jack (5) is coincided with the central axis of the loading beam buttress (22), the pulley backing plate (4) is arranged on the jack (5), the central axis of the backing plate (41) of the pulley backing plate (4) is coincided with the central axis of the jack (5), one end of the loading beam body (121) of the loading beam (12) is erected on the pulley (44) on the pulley backing plate (4), the pulley (44) is positioned at the central axis position of the lower bottom surface of the loading beam (12), the pulley shaft (123) of the loading beam is vertical to the longitudinal direction of the loading beam (12), the counter force end of the loading beam (124) of the loading beam (12) is arranged on the pulley disc (3) and is contacted with the top surface of the pulley disc (3), when the load is loaded to the maximum test load, the loading beam pulley (124) does not separate from the top surface of the reaction force disc (3), one end of the loading beam body (121) does not separate from the pulley (44) of the pulley backing plate (4), and when the anti-pulling static load test is carried out: loading beam body (121) one end is arranged in on loading beam buttress (22) U type groove (23) are interior and unsettled, loading beam (12) loading beam pulley (124) one end is arranged in under reaction plate (3), and in reaction plate (3) bottom surface contact, pulley backing plate (4) invert in on loading beam body (121), and make pulley backing plate (4) backing plate (41) the central axis with loading beam buttress (22) the central axis coincidence, pulley (44) are located the axis position department of the top surface of loading beam (12), loading beam pulley shaft (123) perpendicular to loading beam (12) longitudinal direction, jack (5) invert in pulley backing plate (4) on backing plate (41), and make jack (5) with loading beam buttress (22) the axis coincidence, the cover plate (24) of the counterforce plate (2) is placed on the jack (5) and is anchored on the loading beam buttress (22) through the cover plate anchor rod (25), counterforce is provided for the jack (5), when the maximum test load is loaded, the loading beam pulley (124) is not separated from the bottom surface of the counterforce disc (3), and one end of the loading beam body (121) is not separated from the pulley (44) of the pulley backing plate (4).
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