CN114197411A - Water conservancy water and electricity sand washing system - Google Patents
Water conservancy water and electricity sand washing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114197411A CN114197411A CN202111523392.6A CN202111523392A CN114197411A CN 114197411 A CN114197411 A CN 114197411A CN 202111523392 A CN202111523392 A CN 202111523392A CN 114197411 A CN114197411 A CN 114197411A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/04—Valves, slides, or the like; Arrangements therefor; Submerged sluice gates
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
- E02B9/02—Water-ways
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
- E02B9/02—Water-ways
- E02B9/06—Pressure galleries or pressure conduits; Galleries specially adapted to house pressure conduits; Means specially adapted for use therewith, e.g. housings, valves, gates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water conservancy and hydropower sand washing system which comprises a dam body and a sand blocking bank arranged at an upstream inlet section of the dam body, wherein a sand discharge culvert is arranged at the bottom of the dam body, and a sand discharge gate is arranged in the sand discharge culvert; a sand discharge gallery is arranged at the bottom of the front wall surface of the sand blocking ridge and is communicated with a sand discharge culvert through a sand discharge pipe; a grid plate is arranged on the upstream side of the sand blocking ridge, the top of the grid plate is fixedly connected with the sand blocking ridge through a top plate, and the bottom of the grid plate is fixedly connected with a bottom plate; and a plurality of wing plates are fixed on the front wall surface of the grid plate, the wing plates are inclined downwards in the direction far away from the grid plate, and a control opening formed by two adjacent wing plates has a lift H1.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a sand washing system used in front of a dam of a hydropower station.
Background
Hydroelectric power generation is a traditional clean energy, and the hydroelectric power generation is generated by impacting a water turbine set with high-level water stored in a power station reservoir, and has important strategic significance in aspects of peak regulation, flood storage, drought resistance, power generation and the like. Due to factors such as strong washing of the earth surface by large water amount in flood season or soil structure of the river flowing through the ground, the water in most rivers can carry more silt for a long time or periodically. Particularly, in a flood season, the amount of deposited silt is greatly increased, a reservoir has drainage and flood discharge requirements, a large amount of silt is discharged from the reservoir along with water flow after settling, and in the process, the silt impacts blades of the water turbine at high speed along with the water flow, so that very serious abrasion is caused. Therefore, appropriate measures are taken to prevent silt from passing through the hydroelectric generating set, and the method has important significance for the safe operation of the hydroelectric generating set.
Chinese patent CN105089025A discloses a sand conveying device, which is characterized in that a sand blocking bank is arranged at a certain distance in front of a dam, and a sand discharge gallery arranged along the sand blocking bank is arranged at the bottom of the upstream side of the sand blocking bank. The sand blocking bank blocks the deep concentrated water and a still water area is constructed on the upstream side of the sand blocking bank, so that the sediment in the deep concentrated water is greatly settled at the deep concentrated water area, and the sand content of the machine water flow is reduced. The sand discharge gallery is connected with a sand discharge culvert on the dam through a sand discharge pipe so as to discharge deposited silt regularly. However, in this solution, the opening of the sand discharge gallery is directly exposed to the still water area, so that, during a non-sand discharge period, silt can be directly deposited in the sand discharge gallery through the exposed opening, thereby causing clogging, and especially when the sediment deposition height is large, the clogging can even cause complete blockage of the water channel of the sand discharge gallery, thereby causing sand discharge failure.
Chinese patent CN106368185A discloses a sand discharge system for a water inlet gallery of a hydropower station. Directly establish the sand discharge corridor on power station water inlet bottom plate in this patent, and use the preceding of corridor avoids blocking the sand, and the interval is equipped with a plurality of sand discharge holes and is used for control on avoiding of the preceding of this corridor the gate of sand discharge hole switching, this gate can be in the better sediment that prevents of non-sand discharge period gets into the sand discharge corridor. However, because the sand discharge gallery is arranged close to the bottom plate, when the sediment deposition height is large, a large amount of sediment accumulated above the sand discharge gallery can block a water flow outside a deposition layer from flowing to a channel of the sand discharge hole, so that the washing effect of the water flow on the sediment is insufficient, and the sediment is difficult to be effectively discharged; on the other hand, since the sand discharge gallery is permanently arranged on the water bottom, in order to reduce the failure rate and the maintenance difficulty, moving parts such as a gate are not generally expected to be adopted.
Chinese patent CN101003970A discloses a self-draining sand corridor. In this patent, set up a plurality of sand discharge holes through the top at the sand discharge corridor to cover an apron in the top of sand discharge hole, will the apron is assumed through the guide plate of vertical setting to be in sand discharge hole top certain distance department. The apron in this patent also can prevent effectively that the silt that subsides from getting into the sediment outflow corridor during non-sediment outflow period. But equally, because this sediment outflow mouth hugs closely the bottom plate setting, also exist when silt deposit height is great in the scheme that this patent provided, arrange the sedimentary deposit of mouth top and can block the passageway of the rivers flow direction sand discharge hole outside the sedimentary deposit layer, reduce the scouring action of rivers to silt.
In the scheme of above-mentioned patent, for preventing the problem that the rivers passageway is blockked up, the deposit elevation of silt need strict control usually, simultaneously, when reaching the settlement elevation of setting for, in time open the sand discharge corridor and carry out the sand washing. The sand washing operation interval of the two times is too short, and the sand washing operation needs to be frequently carried out; on the other hand, because the sand content of the warehousing water flow is irregular, the actual sediment elevation of the sediment before the sand bank is difficult to be effectively predicted, and the sand washing operation interval needs to be further compressed to establish a safety margin.
Based on the practical problems, how to effectively prolong the sand washing operation interval and reduce the sensitivity to the sediment deposition elevation has important significance on the operation and maintenance of the sand washing system of the hydropower station.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a water conservancy hydroelectric sand washing system, which comprises a dam body, wherein a drainage channel is arranged at the middle lower part of the dam body, a turbine unit is arranged in the drainage channel, a drainage gate is arranged at the upstream side, and the upstream side of the drainage channel is higher than the downstream side; a sand discharge culvert is also arranged below the drainage channel of the dam body, and a sand discharge gate is arranged on the sand discharge culvert; a concrete bottom plate is laid at the bottom of the upstream side reservoir of the dam body, and the concrete bottom plate and dam bodies or mountain bodies (not shown in the figure) at two sides form an inlet section of the dam body; be provided with on the bottom plate of the upper reaches department of entrance and block the sand bank, the upper reaches side bottom of blocking the sand bank is seted up and is followed the sand discharge corridor that the direction of blocking the sand bank extends, the sand discharge corridor passes through the sand discharge pipe intercommunication the sand discharge culvert, and then works as when the sand discharge floodgate is opened, the sedimentary silt of permitted rivers smuggleing secretly is followed sand discharge corridor and is discharged the reservoir through sand discharge pipe, sand discharge culvert.
One part of the top opening of the sand discharge gallery is covered by the bottom plate, and the other part is opened to form a flow gap with the width smaller than that of the sand discharge gallery, wherein the flow gap is preferably close to the front side wall (referred to as an upstream side wall surface) of the sand blocking bank; the sand discharge gallery is provided with a circular arc-shaped bottom; the flowing gap and the arc-shaped bottom can form a scouring vortex at the bottom of the sand discharge gallery when water flows enter, so that silt accumulated in the sand discharge gallery during the previous sand discharge is scoured and discharged along with the water flows.
Importantly, a grating plate is vertically arranged at a certain distance at the upstream of the sand blocking ridge, a plurality of openings are formed in the grating plate, and the certain distance is larger than or equal to the width of the flow gap; the grating plate is connected with the sand-blocking ridge through a top plate, preferably, the top plate forms a common top of the sand-blocking ridge and the grating plate, that is, the sand-blocking ridge and the grating plate have the same height, but such an arrangement is not essential, and a person skilled in the art may set the two plates to have different heights according to actual use requirements, for example, the sand-blocking ridge is higher than the grating plate or vice versa, but when the grating plate is higher than the sand-blocking ridge, preferably, the part of the grating plate higher than the sand-blocking ridge does not have an opening.
The grating plate extends downwards to be connected with the bottom plate, so that the sand blocking ridge, the top plate and the grating plate jointly enclose a vertical suction cavity; the bottom of the suction cavity is communicated with the sand discharge gallery through the sand discharge gap, and the front side wall of the suction cavity is communicated with the still water area at the upstream of the sand blocking bank through the opening on the grid plate; wherein, the same or different openings have height distribution in the vertical direction of the grating plate, and the height distribution can be a plurality of horizontal openings arranged at intervals in the vertical direction or a plurality of non-horizontal openings with extending height in the vertical direction.
When the sand discharge gate is opened, the suction cavity can suck sediment deposited in a still water area by means of the openings distributed at different heights; and when the height of the deposited silt is larger, the silt at the high position can be preferentially pumped by virtue of the openings distributed at the high position, so that the height of the deposited silt is gradually reduced under the continuous scouring of the sand discharge water flow, and the openings distributed at the low position are exposed. Therefore, the vertically arranged suction cavity and the openings distributed at different heights can effectively solve the technical problem that the water flow is blocked to flow to the passage of the sand discharge gallery when the sediment deposition height is large, so that the sand discharge gallery can respond quickly when the sediment deposition height is large to discharge sand.
The upper side wall surface of the grid plate is provided with a plurality of wing plates at intervals in the vertical direction, a gap between every two adjacent wing plates forms a foremost edge opening of a sand discharge gallery into which silt enters in the sand discharge process, the opening is marked as a control opening in the invention, and the lower side edges of the wing plates are fixedly connected with the upper side wall surface of the grid plate and form horizontal joint marks; the flap is arranged to be inclined downwardly, in particular with the upstream edge of the flap being arranged lower than the downstream edge.
For two strakes adjacent in the vertical direction, the upstream edge of the upper strake is set lower than the downstream edge of the lower strake, and the difference in height between the upstream edge and the downstream edge is referred to as the lift H1 (hereinafter referred to as the lift H1) of the control opening in the invention, where the lift H1 can be understood as the minimum height at which silt needs to climb up when entering the sand discharge corridor 10 from the control opening. Preferably, the lift H1 is not less than 10 cm.
The several wings are arranged so that the projections of all wings on the upstream side wall surface of the grid plate overlap to completely cover the opening, so that the lift H1 of the corresponding control opening needs to be overcome no matter which control opening the sand enters the sand discharge corridor.
In the sand discharging period, the sand discharging gate is opened, and a pressure difference is formed between the interior of the sand discharging gallery and the still water area, wherein the pressure difference is enough to drive the sediment to overcome the lift range, so that the sediment enters the sand discharging gallery from the corresponding control opening and is discharged; in the non-sand-discharging period, the sand-discharging gate is closed, the sand-discharging pipe and the sand-discharging gallery are filled with water, and no obvious pressure difference exists between the sand-discharging pipe and the still water area, so that no fluid flows between the sand-discharging gallery and the still water area; at the moment, the silt in the still water area is settled freely and forms silt accumulation after a long time; during the sedimentation process, silt is blocked by the flaps and cannot enter the suction chamber through the control opening, and even after silt has built up and covered the control opening, silt cannot enter the suction chamber by slipping due to the lift H1. Therefore, the wing plate can completely block silt out of the suction cavity and the sand discharge gallery in the non-sand discharge period, and prevent settled silt from blocking the sand discharge gallery.
Preferably, the plurality of openings gradually increase in size (hereinafter referred to as height) in the vertical direction from top to bottom, and the corresponding control openings gradually increase in height from top to bottom, wherein the lift H1 of the lower control opening is not less than the lift H1 of the upper control opening. Specifically, the distance between two adjacent wing plates is gradually increased in the top-down direction, and the width of the wing plates arranged from top to bottom is gradually increased to ensure the lift H1 of each control opening.
The silt in the upper part can be discharged through the small-size control opening in the upper part in the early stage of sand discharge, and the silt is discharged through the large-size control opening in the middle and lower part in the middle and later stage of sand discharge. For the middle and later period of sand discharge, the silt height can not cover the upper control opening, so that the main flowing fluid of the upper control opening is water; because the size of the differential control opening is set, the amount of fluid flowing through the upper control opening is small, and the suction power of the suction cavity and the sand discharge gallery cannot be greatly occupied, so that the control opening at the middle lower part can keep a stronger suction effect, and the washing effect of water flow on silt at the middle lower part is improved.
The main reason for this is that once the sand discharge gallery and the suction cavity are arranged, the volume of the inner cavity is limited, and the water level in the reservoir can be regarded as being kept constant in the sand discharge process, that is, the water pressure outside the control opening can be regarded as being kept constant; thus, the sand discharge flow is substantially positively correlated with the area of the control opening exposure. When the heights of the openings and the control openings are the same, the control opening at the upper part is gradually exposed after the settled silt is gradually lowered, so that water can be directly discharged from the exposed control opening, and the distance between the upper control opening and the silt accumulation layer is gradually increased at the moment, so that the scouring action of the water flow flowing out of the upper control opening on the silt is weakened; meanwhile, the water flow flowing into the sand discharge gallery through the upper control opening occupies part of the drainage capacity of the sand discharge gallery, so that the suction effect of the lower control opening is weakened. And after the height of the upper control opening is reduced, even if the upper control opening is gradually exposed, the water discharge amount of the upper control opening is not enough to greatly occupy the whole discharge capacity of the sand discharge gallery, so that the suction strength of the lower control opening is ensured.
Preferably, the opening is arranged at a non-zero included angle (including a vertical arrangement not shown in the figure) corresponding to the bottom plate; further, the opening has an opening width (not shown in the figure) which is gradually increased from top to bottom; when the opening is matched with the control opening with the height gradually increasing from top to bottom for use, the sand discharge ratio of the lower control opening can be further improved, and the scouring effect of the sediment at the middle and lower parts is strengthened.
Preferably, the sand blocking ridge and the suction cavity are formed by splicing a plurality of prefabricated sections; the prefabricated sections include transverse sections arranged perpendicular to the direction of the main body water flow in the reservoir as described above.
Preferably, the prefabricated section further comprises a plurality of longitudinal sections arranged parallel to the water flow direction. The longitudinal section is provided with a sand blocking ridge, a suction cavity and a sand discharge gallery which are the same as those of the transverse section, and the difference is that the longitudinal section is provided with two side grid plates arranged in parallel with the water flow direction and a front end plate which is arranged at the upstream of the side grid plates and closes an opening formed between the two side grid plates; side openings are formed in the two side grid plates; a side wing plate is arranged on the outer side of the side grid plate; the upper end and the lower end of the two side grid plates are respectively sealed by the cover plate and the bottom plate, so that an auxiliary cavity is enclosed by the two side grid plates, the front end plate, the cover plate and the bottom plate and is communicated with the suction cavity.
The side openings may be horizontal openings parallel to the base plate or have a non-zero angle with respect to the base plate as described earlier, with the width of the side openings increasing in the top-down direction.
The side wing plate can be fixedly connected with the side grid plate at one edge to form a horizontal seam as described above, and the other edge of the side wing plate is inclined downwards; a control opening with a lift H1 is formed between two adjacent flanks.
The front end plate has a tail portion extending beyond the side grid plate, the tail portion closing the front end (pointing in the direction facing the main body water flow in the reservoir) opening of the adjacent side wing plate. The flanges on the transverse sections cooperate with the flanges on the longitudinal sections and allow for the formation of a seam.
The arrangement of the longitudinal segments allows for an increase in the area of the effective sand discharge area in the longitudinal direction. When no longitudinal section is arranged, after a certain period of sand discharge, the sediment accumulation layer close to the control opening is emptied, so that the sand peak moves backwards (towards the direction far away from the dam body), the sediment accumulation area is farther and farther away from the control opening, the scouring effect of water flow on the sediment is weakened, effective sand discharge cannot be realized, sand discharge needs to be stopped at the moment, and the sand peak is waited to move forwards. After the longitudinal section in the embodiment is additionally arranged, the backward shifting sand peak can be effectively covered, and the single sand discharge amount is greatly improved.
Preferably, the wing plates and the side wing plates are detachably mounted on the grid plate and the side grid plate respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can at least obtain the following beneficial effects: a suction cavity for shielding a flowing gap at the top of the sand discharge gallery is constructed above the sand discharge gallery by arranging the grid plate and the top plate, so that the blockage phenomenon caused by the fact that silt is directly deposited in the sand discharge gallery in the non-sand discharge period is prevented; the plurality of wing plates which are inclined downwards are arranged on the outer side of the grid plate, and the inclination angles and the widths of the wing plates are limited, so that a control opening formed by two adjacent wing plates has a certain lift range, and the lift range can prevent accumulated silt from entering the sand discharge gallery through sliding; meanwhile, as each control opening is vertically arranged, a passage for flushing water flow to the sand discharge gallery can be quickly established when the sediment accumulation height is larger, so that the water passage blockage caused by the overlarge sediment accumulation height is prevented; the heights of the control openings arranged from top to bottom are gradually increased, so that the flow of the scouring water flow is reasonably distributed at the upper control opening and the lower control opening, and the scouring effect on the silt at the middle and lower parts can be optimized; by arranging the longitudinal section sand blocking ridge, the sand flushing and discharging range and the single sand flushing and discharging amount can be effectively increased; thereby further increasing the time interval between two flushing and sand discharging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of the sand wash system as a whole;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of a transverse sill;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of a transverse sill with wings;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a control opening having an equal height;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a control opening having a height gradually increasing from top to bottom;
FIG. 6 is one of the schematic views of an opening having a non-zero included angle with respect to the base plate;
FIG. 7 is another schematic view of an opening having a non-zero included angle with respect to the base plate;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the combination of the opening and the wing depicted in FIG. 6 or 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a vertical sill;
fig. 10 is another schematic view of the vertical sand trap;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a longitudinal sill with side wings;
fig. 12 is a combination view of the transverse sand trap and the longitudinal sand trap;
figure 13 is a schematic view of a detachable wing panel.
In the figure: 1 is the dam main part, 2 is drainage channel, 3 is the turbo set, 4 is the drainage floodgate, 5 is the sediment outflow culvert, 6 is the drainage floodgate, 7 is the sand blocking bank, 8 is the grid board, 9 is the suction chamber, 10 is the sediment outflow corridor, 11 is the bottom plate, 12 is the roof, 13 is the opening, 14 is the pterygoid lamina, 15 is the side grid board, 16 is the side opening, 17 is the apron, 18 is the front end plate, 19 is the pterygoid lamina, 20 is the afterbody, 21 is the seam, 22 is the draw-in groove, 23 is the riser, 24 is the diaphragm, 25 is the trip.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a water conservancy and hydropower sand washing system, which includes a dam body 1, a drainage channel 2 is arranged at the middle lower part of the dam body 1, a turbine unit 3 is arranged in the drainage channel 2, a drainage gate 4 is arranged at the upstream side, and the upstream side of the drainage channel 2 is higher than the downstream side; a sand discharge culvert 5 is also arranged below the drainage channel 2 of the dam body 1, and a sand discharge gate 6 is arranged on the sand discharge culvert 5; a concrete bottom plate 11 is laid at the bottom of the upstream side reservoir of the dam body 1, and the concrete bottom plate 11 and dam bodies or mountain bodies (not shown in the figure) at two sides form an inlet section of the dam body 1; be provided with on the bottom plate 11 of the upper reaches department of entrance and block sand bank 7, the edge is seted up to the upper reaches side bottom of blocking sand bank 7 the sand discharge corridor 10 that the direction of blocking sand bank 7 extends, sand discharge corridor 10 passes through the sand discharge pipe intercommunication sand discharge culvert 5, and then works as when sand discharge floodgate 6 opens, it follows sand discharge corridor 10 through sand discharge pipe, sand discharge culvert 5 discharge reservoir to allow rivers to smuggle sedimentary silt secretly.
Wherein one part of the top opening of the sand drain gallery 10 is covered by the bottom plate 11, and the other part is opened, so as to form a flow gap with a width smaller than that of the sand drain gallery 10, and the flow gap is preferably close to the front side wall (referred to as the upstream side wall surface) of the sand trap 7; the sand discharge gallery 10 has a circular arc-shaped bottom; the flowing gap and the arc-shaped bottom of the sand discharge gallery 10 enable water flow to form a scouring vortex at the bottom of the sand discharge gallery 10 when entering, so that silt accumulated in the sand discharge gallery 10 during the previous sand discharge is scoured and discharged together with the water flow.
Importantly, a grating plate 8 is vertically arranged at a certain distance upstream of the sand trap 7, a plurality of openings 13 are formed in the grating plate 8, and the certain distance is greater than or equal to the width of the flow gap; the grating plate 8 is connected to the sand-blocking sill 7 through a top plate 12, in this embodiment, the top plate 12 preferably forms a common top of the sand-blocking sill 7 and the grating plate 8, that is, both have the same height, but such an arrangement is not necessary, and those skilled in the art can also set the two to have different heights according to the actual use requirement, for example, the sand-blocking sill 7 is higher than the grating plate 8 or vice versa, but when the grating plate 8 is higher than the sand-blocking sill 7, it is preferable that the portion of the grating plate 8 higher than the sand-blocking sill 7 does not have an opening.
The grid plate 8 extends downwards to be connected with a bottom plate 11, so that the sand trap 7, a top plate 12 and the grid plate 8 jointly enclose a vertical suction cavity 9; the bottom of the suction cavity 9 is communicated with a sand discharge gallery 10 through the sand discharge gap, and the front side wall of the suction cavity 9 is communicated with a static water area at the upstream of the sand blocking ridge 7 through an opening 13 on the grating plate 18; wherein, the same or different openings 13 have a height distribution in the vertical direction of the grating plate 8, as shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the openings 13 are preferably a plurality of horizontal cuts arranged in the vertical direction. When the sand sluice 6 is opened, the suction chamber 9 can suck sediment deposited in the still water area by means of the openings 13 distributed at different heights; when the height of the sediment condensed and deposited is larger, the sediment at the high position can be preferentially sucked by virtue of the openings 13 distributed at the high position, so that the height of the deposited sediment is gradually reduced under the continuous scouring of the sand discharge water flow, and the openings 13 distributed at the low position are exposed; that is, the vertically arranged suction chamber 9 and the openings 13 distributed at different heights effectively solve the technical problem of blocking the passage of water flow to the sand discharge gallery when the sediment deposition height is large, so that the sand discharge can be performed quickly in response to the large sediment deposition height.
As shown in fig. 3, a plurality of wing plates 14 are arranged on the upstream side wall surface of the grid plate 8 at intervals in the vertical direction, a gap between two adjacent wing plates 14 forms a foremost edge opening of a sand discharge gallery 10 into which silt enters in the sand discharge process, which is marked as a control opening in the invention, and the downstream side edges of the wing plates 14 are fixedly connected with the upstream side wall surface of the grid plate 8 to form horizontal seam marks; the flap 14 is arranged to be inclined downwardly, which means in particular that the upstream edge of the flap 14 is arranged to be lower than the downstream edge.
As shown in fig. 4, for two strakes 14 adjacent in the vertical direction, the upstream side edge of the upper strake 14 is set lower than the downstream side edge of the lower strake 14, and the difference in height between the upstream side edge and the downstream side edge is referred to as the lift H1 (hereinafter referred to as the lift H1) of the control opening in the present invention, where the lift H1 refers to the minimum height that the silt needs to climb up when entering the sand drain gallery 10 from the control opening. The several wings 14 are arranged such that the projections of all wings 14 onto the upstream side wall surface of the grid plate 8 overlap to completely cover the opening 13, so that the lift H1 of the respective control opening needs to be overcome no matter from which control opening sand enters the sand drain gallery 10.
In the sand discharging period, the sand discharging gate 6 is opened, and a pressure difference is formed between the interior of the sand discharging gallery 10 and a still water area, wherein the pressure difference is enough to drive the sediment to overcome the lift range H1, and then the sediment enters the sand discharging gallery 10 from the corresponding control opening and is discharged; in the non-sand-discharging period, the sand discharge gate 6 is closed, the sand discharge pipe and the sand discharge gallery 10 are filled with water, and no obvious pressure difference exists between the sand discharge pipe and the still water area, so that no fluid flows between the sand discharge gallery 10 and the still water area; at the moment, the silt in the still water area is settled freely and forms silt accumulation after a long time; in the settlement process, silt is by pterygoid lamina 14 blocks, therefore can not get into through the control opening and suck chamber 9, and even if silt forms to pile up and cover behind the control opening, because the existence of this lift range H1, silt also can't get into through sliding suction chamber 9, consequently, pterygoid lamina 14 can be in the non-period of sand discharging with silt complete separation outside suction chamber 9 and sand discharging corridor 10, prevent that the silt of settling from blockking sand discharging corridor 10.
In this embodiment, the plurality of openings 13 have the same size, and the plurality of wing plates 14 have the same size.
A simulation test was performed on the solution described in this embodiment, wherein the simulation device adopted is the structure shown in fig. 3 and 4, the device is placed in an acrylic water tank, the water in the water tank passes through the top plate 12, and the lateral openings of the suction chamber 9 and the sand discharge gallery 10 are blocked by the side wall of the acrylic water tank, so as to simulate the working condition during the non-sand discharge period when the sand discharge gate 6 is closed. The heights of the grid plates 8 and the sand bars 7 are both 2m, and the lift range H1 of the adjacent wing plates 14 is 10 cm; fine river sand with the granularity of 0.25-0.35mm is accumulated on the upstream side of the wing plate 14, and consequently, when the silt close to the wing plate 14 is accumulated to reach 2m in height, silt does not enter a suction cavity, namely the silt cannot overcome the lift of 10 cm.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 5, unlike embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the size (hereinafter referred to as height) of the plurality of openings 13 in the arrangement direction gradually increases from top to bottom, and the height of the corresponding control openings gradually increases from top to bottom, wherein the lift H1 of the lower control opening is not smaller than the lift H1 of the upper control opening. Specifically, it can be shown that the distance between two adjacent vanes 14 is gradually increased in the top-down direction, and the width of the vanes 14 arranged from top to bottom is gradually increased to ensure the lift H1 of each control opening. In this embodiment, the height of the lower control opening is at least 1.5 times of the height of the upper control opening in two adjacent control openings.
In the solution of this embodiment, silt in the upper part can be discharged through the small-sized control opening in the upper part in the early stage of sand discharge, and silt is discharged through the large-sized control opening in the middle and lower part in the middle and later stage of sand discharge. For the middle and later period of sand discharge, the silt height can not cover the upper control opening, so that the main flowing fluid of the upper control opening is water; because the size of the differential control opening is set in the embodiment, the amount of fluid flowing through the upper control opening is small, and the suction power of the suction cavity 9 and the sand discharge gallery 10 cannot be greatly occupied, so that the middle and lower control opening can keep a stronger suction effect compared with the scheme of the embodiment 1, and the washing effect of the sediment in the middle and lower parts is improved.
The reason for this is mainly that once the sand discharge gallery 10 and the suction chamber 9 are arranged, the volume of the inner chamber is limited, and in the sand discharge process, the water in the reservoir can be regarded as being kept unchanged, that is, the water pressure outside the control opening can be regarded as being kept unchanged; thus, the sand discharge flow is substantially positively correlated with the area of the control opening exposure. In embodiment 1, the heights of the openings 13 and the control openings are the same, and after the settled sediment gradually falls, the upper control opening is gradually exposed, so that water can be directly discharged from the exposed control opening, and the distance between the upper opening and the sediment accumulation layer is gradually increased, so that the scouring action of the water flow flowing out of the upper opening on the sediment is weakened; at the same time, the water flow flowing into the sand drain gallery 10 via the upper control opening takes up part of the drainage capacity of the sand drain gallery 10, so that the suction effect of the lower control opening is simultaneously reduced. The solution of this embodiment reduces the height of the upper control opening so that even if the upper control opening is gradually exposed, the displacement thereof is not sufficient to significantly encroach on the overall discharge capacity of the sand drain gallery 10, thus ensuring the suction strength at the lower control opening.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 6-8, unlike embodiments 1 and 2, in this embodiment, the opening 13 is disposed at a non-zero included angle (including a vertical arrangement not shown in the drawings) corresponding to the bottom plate 11; the arrangement of the vanes 14 is the same as in embodiment 1 or 2, i.e. the control opening formed by adjacent vanes 14 has a lift H1; the wings 14 arranged from top to bottom may be equally spaced or may be progressively spaced to control the height of the opening to progressively increase. As analyzed in example 1, since each control opening has a lift H1, during periods of non-discharge, silt is blocked from the flap 14 and from the opening 13, and thus cannot enter the suction chamber 9 through the opening 13.
Further, the opening 13 in this embodiment may have an opening width (not shown in the figure) that gradually increases from top to bottom; when the sand-discharging device is matched with the control opening with the height gradually increasing from top to bottom in the embodiment 2 for use, the sand-discharging flow rate of the lower control opening can be further increased, and the scouring effect on the sediment at the middle and lower parts is enhanced.
Example 4
Different from the embodiments 1 to 3, the sand trap 7 and the suction chamber 9 in the embodiment are formed by splicing a plurality of prefabricated sections; the pre-fabricated sections include transverse sections disposed perpendicular to the direction of water flow of the bulk material in the reservoir as described in examples 1-3. Preferably, the prefabricated sections further comprise a plurality of longitudinal sections arranged parallel to the direction of water flow.
As shown in fig. 9-12, the longitudinal section has the same bars 7, suction chambers 9 and sand discharge galleries 10 as the transverse section, except that the longitudinal section has two side grates 15 arranged parallel to the direction of the water flow, and a front end plate 18 arranged upstream of the side grates 15 and closing the opening formed between the two side grates 15; side openings 16 are formed in the two side grid plates 15; the outer side of the side grid plate 15 is provided with a side wing plate 19; the upper and lower ends of the two side grids 15 are respectively sealed by the cover plate 17 and the bottom plate 11, so that the two side grids 15, the front end plate 18, the cover plate 17 and the bottom plate 11 enclose an auxiliary cavity which is communicated with the suction cavity 9.
The side openings 16 may be horizontal openings parallel to the base plate 11 or have a non-zero angle with respect to the base plate 11 as described in embodiments 1-3, while the width of the side openings 16 increases in a direction from top to bottom with a non-zero angle with respect to the base plate 11.
The side wing plate 19 can also be fixedly connected with the side grid plate 15 at one edge to form a horizontal seam as described in the embodiments 1-3, and the other edge is inclined downwards; a control opening having a lift H1 is formed between adjacent two of the flanks 19.
As shown in fig. 12, the front end plate 18 has a tail portion 20 extending beyond the side grid 15, and the tail portion 20 closes the front end (facing the direction of the main water flow in the reservoir) opening of the adjacent side wing plate 19. The flaps 14 on the transverse section cooperate with the side flaps 19 on the longitudinal section and allow the formation of a seam 21.
In this embodiment, the arrangement of the longitudinal segments allows the area of the effective sand discharge area to be increased in the longitudinal direction. When no longitudinal section exists, after sand discharge for a certain time, a sediment accumulation layer close to the control opening is emptied, the sediment accumulation area moves backwards along with the sand peak, the distance between the sediment accumulation area and the control opening is more and more far, the scouring effect of water flow on the sediment is weakened, effective sand discharge cannot be achieved, sand discharge needs to be stopped at the moment, and the sand peak is waited to move forwards. After the longitudinal section in the embodiment is additionally arranged, the backward shifting sand peak can be effectively covered, and the single sand discharge amount is greatly improved.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 13, unlike embodiments 1 to 4, in the present embodiment, the wing plates 14 are detachably attached to the grid plate 8; the detachable connection may be by any means known in the art. Specifically, in the present embodiment, a clamping groove 22 is provided on the top plate 12; the wing plates 14 are respectively fixed on two sides of a vertical plate 23, the top ends of the vertical plates 23 are connected to a transverse plate 24, and the transverse plate 24 is provided with a clamping hook 25 clamped with the clamping groove 22.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A water conservancy and hydropower sand washing system comprises a dam body and a sand blocking bank (7) arranged at an upstream inlet section of the dam body (1), wherein a sand discharge culvert (5) is arranged at the bottom of the dam body (1), and a sand discharge gate (6) is arranged in the sand discharge culvert (5); a sand discharge gallery (10) is arranged at the bottom of the front wall surface of the sand blocking ridge (7), and the sand discharge gallery (10) is communicated with a sand discharge culvert (5) through a sand discharge pipe; the method is characterized in that: a grid plate (8) is arranged on the upstream side of the sand blocking sill (7), the top of the grid plate (8) is fixedly connected with the sand blocking sill (7) through a top plate (12), and the bottom of the grid plate (8) is fixedly connected with a bottom plate (11); a plurality of wing plates (14) are fixed on the front wall surface of the grid plate (8), the wing plates (14) are inclined downwards in the direction far away from the grid plate (8), and a control opening formed by two adjacent wing plates (14) has a lift (H1).
2. The water conservancy and hydropower sand washing system of claim 1, wherein: the height of the control opening formed by the wing plates (14) arranged from top to bottom is gradually increased, and the lift (H1) of the lower control opening is not less than that (H1) of the upper control opening.
3. The water conservancy and hydropower sand washing system of claim 1, wherein: the openings (13) on the grating plates (8) form a non-zero included angle relative to the bottom plate (11).
4. A water conservancy and hydropower sand washing system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the upper width of the opening (13) is smaller than the lower width.
5. The water conservancy and hydropower sand washing system of claim 1, wherein: the sand blocking ridge (7) is formed by splicing a plurality of prefabricated sections.
6. A water conservancy and hydropower sand washing system as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the prefabricated section comprises a transverse section and a longitudinal section, the longitudinal section is provided with two side grid plates (15), and a front end plate (18) for closing an upstream opening formed between the side grid plates (15) is arranged at the upstream opening; side openings (16) are formed in the two side grid plates (15); the outer side of the side grid plate (15) is provided with a side wing plate (19); the upper end and the lower end of the two side grid plates (15) are respectively sealed by the cover plate (17) and the bottom plate (11), so that an auxiliary cavity is enclosed by the two side grid plates (15), the front end plate (18), the cover plate (17) and the bottom plate (11), and the auxiliary cavity is communicated with the suction cavity (9).
7. A water conservancy and hydropower sand washing system as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the side wing plates (19) on the longitudinal sections are matched with the wing plates (14) on the transverse sections, and after the longitudinal sections and the transverse sections are spliced, joint marks (21) are formed.
8. A water conservancy and hydropower sand washing system as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the front end panel (18) has a tail portion (20) extending beyond the side grid (15), the tail portion (20) closing the front end opening of the adjacent side flap (19).
9. The water conservancy and hydropower sand washing system of claim 7, wherein: the control opening formed between adjacent side wings (19) is also partially lifted (H1), and the lift (H1) of the control opening formed by the side wing (19) is the same as the lift (H1) of the control opening formed by the corresponding wing (14).
10. A water conservancy and hydropower sand washing system as claimed in claim 2 or 9, wherein: the lift (H1) is not less than 10cm and allows the formation of a silt deposit height of not less than 2m on the outside of the wing (14) or the side wing (19).
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| CN202111523392.6A CN114197411B (en) | 2021-12-14 | 2021-12-14 | Water conservancy water and electricity sand washing system |
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