CN114196508A

CN114196508A - Energy-saving device and process for producing protein feed by using vinasse

Info

Publication number: CN114196508A
Application number: CN202111544022.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 夏苗; 胡猛; 黄晶晶; 黄益平; 蔡鑫磊
Original assignee: China Construction Industrial and Energy Engineering Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Construction Industrial and Energy Engineering Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-16
Filing date: 2021-12-16
Publication date: 2022-03-18
Anticipated expiration: 2041-12-16
Also published as: CN114196508B

Abstract

The invention provides an energy-saving device and a process for producing protein feed by using vinasse. The rice husk separation utilizes the principle that the rice husk density is little, easily float on the surface of water, through soaking fresh lees in clean water for the rice husk floats on the surface of water, filters out the rice husk through the filter screen, and the process is simple, and the power consumption is low, and equipment is simple and easy, and clean water accessible later stage distillation recycle, energy-concerving and environment-protective. The inside rational arrangement temperature-sensing of fermentation equipment, humidity induction system are furnished with humidification and dehydrating unit, and the water bath divide into two parts from top to bottom, let in the circulating water respectively and carry out the segmentation accuse temperature, are favorable to when the fermentation of stewing the interior material hypomere heat than the higher condition of upper segment, in time remove the heat for material temperature distribution is more even, and the activity of fungus crowd and product quality are more stable.

Description

Energy-saving device and process for producing protein feed by using vinasse

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of protein feed production, in particular to an energy-saving device and process for producing protein feed by using vinasse.

Background

The process technology for preparing the protein feed by fermenting the vinasse takes a water-saving and energy-saving solid-state fermentation process as a main stream, can solve the problem of vinasse pollution, can utilize cheap vinasse as resources to produce high-added-value products, and has wide application prospect.

In the brewing process, in order to ensure air permeability, rice hulls are usually added, so that a large amount of rice hulls are mixed in fresh vinasse. The direct participation of the rice hulls in the fermentation preparation of the protein feed can cause excessive lignin in the product, the lignin is difficult to digest by livestock, and the digestion and absorption of other nutrients by the livestock are also influenced. Therefore, the rice hulls are separated, so that the rice hulls do not participate in the process of preparing the feed through fermentation, and the quality of the feed can be improved. But the rice hulls are directly discarded after being separated, so that not only is the resource wasted, but also the environment is polluted, and if the separated rice hulls can be fully utilized, the concepts of environmental protection and energy conservation can be fully embodied. In the field of utilization of the rice husks of the vinasse, the following ideas and methods are provided at present. Chinese patent CN205455968U uses a separation device comprising a drum screen, a permanent magnet drum, a kneading machine, a rotary screen, and the like to separate rice hulls from fermented distillers' grains, and the separated rice hulls are used as fuel. Chinese patent CN209885933U utilizes fresh distillers' grains rice husk crushing device to crush rice husk and then convert the crushed rice husk into high-protein feed under the action of saccharifying enzyme and cellulase, and the patent needs to use more kinds of enzymes. Therefore, a more efficient and energy-saving rice husk separating device and a more energy-saving rice husk separating process are needed.

Meanwhile, the solid-state fermentation easily causes the problems of uneven temperature and humidity distribution, so that the fermentation degree is not uniform, the technical difficulty of automatic control and online monitoring is improved, and the problems of reduced controllability, unstable product quality and the like in the fermentation process are caused. These problems need to be improved by reasonably distributing the internal temperature and humidity monitoring points of the equipment and corresponding regulation and control means.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems of complexity, high energy consumption, uneven temperature and humidity distribution and the like easily caused by solid state fermentation of the conventional rice hull separation device, the invention provides the energy-saving device for producing the protein feed by using the vinasse, and the corresponding process flow reasonably recycles the rice hulls, so that further energy conservation and environmental protection are realized; the fermentation device reasonably distributes temperature and humidity monitoring sites and is provided with efficient temperature and humidity regulation and control measures, so that the problems of uneven temperature and humidity distribution, reduced controllability and unstable product quality in the fermentation process are solved.

The invention provides an energy-saving device for producing protein feed by using vinasse.

Preferably, solid-liquid separation device's top is equipped with the lees feed inlet, solid-liquid separation device's inside is equipped with scalable filter screen and first agitating unit, solid-liquid separation device's both sides bottom all is equipped with the outlet, be equipped with the drainage filter screen on the outlet, solid-liquid separation device's bottom is equipped with husking lees discharge gate and rice husk discharge gate.

Preferably, the top of the fermentation tank is provided with a hulled vinasse feeding hole, a humidifying and spraying device and an air through hole; an upper water bath jacket is arranged at the upper part of the outer side of the fermentation tank, an upper water bath inlet is arranged at the lower part of one side of the upper water bath jacket, and an upper water bath outlet is arranged at the upper part of the other side of the upper water bath jacket; a lower water bath jacket is arranged at the lower part of the outer side of the fermentation tank, a lower water bath outlet is arranged at the upper part of one side of the lower water bath jacket, and a lower water bath inlet is arranged at the lower part of the other side of the upper water bath jacket; a second stirring device, a plurality of temperature monitoring points and a plurality of humidity monitoring points are arranged inside the fermentation tank; the bottom of fermentation cylinder is equipped with the protein feed discharge gate, the bottom of fermentation cylinder is located the both sides of protein feed discharge gate all are equipped with the vacuum dehumidification mouth.

Preferably, the top of one side of the first low-temperature drying device and the top of one side of the second low-temperature drying device are provided with feed inlets, the bottom of one side of the first low-temperature drying device is provided with a dry air inlet, the top of the other side of the first low-temperature drying device is provided with a dry air outlet, the bottom of the other side of the first low-temperature drying device is provided with a discharge outlet, and a screw rod is arranged inside the first low-temperature drying device and the second low-temperature drying device.

The invention also provides a process for producing protein feed based on the device, which comprises the following steps:

s1, fresh vinasse enter a solid-liquid separation device, are stirred and placed still after being injected with clear water, and when most of the rice hulls are positioned on the upper portion of a liquid level, the rice hulls and the lower portion of the husked vinasse are separated by stretching out a telescopic filter screen, separated vinasse clear liquid is filtered out from water outlets at the bottoms of two sides, the husked vinasse enters a first low-temperature drying device from a husked vinasse discharging port at the bottom, and the telescopic filter screen is folded up, and the rice hulls are recycled to a wine making working section from a rice hull discharging port at the bottom. The method has the advantages that the rice hulls and the de-husked vinasse are separated by utilizing buoyancy, the principle is simple, the device is simple, the energy consumption is low, the rice hulls can be recycled, and the strain cost and the fermentation process difficulty increased by the existence of the rice hulls are avoided.

S2, distilling the filtered clear liquid of the vinasse, continuously using the obtained clear water for rice hull separation, and recycling the obtained ethanol; most of the water for separating the rice hulls can be recycled, so that the waste of water resources and the cost of wastewater treatment are reduced.

And S3, allowing the wet de-shelled vinasse to enter a first low-temperature drying device, blowing dry air to reduce the humidity of the wet de-shelled vinasse, and conveying the wet de-shelled vinasse into a fermentation tank through a screw. Wherein, the screw rod conveying can enough make the lees of shelling get into the fermentation cylinder smoothly, can increase the area of contact of lees of shelling and dry air again to a certain extent, improves drying efficiency.

S4, feeding the dried de-shelled vinasse into a fermentation tank, regulating and controlling the oxygen content in the fermentation tank by intermittent stirring under the action of strains, regulating and controlling the fermentation temperature by two-stage water bath, and regulating the humidity in the fermentation tank by a humidifying and spraying device, so that the de-shelled vinasse is fermented into the protein feed.

S5, feeding the fermented crude protein feed product into a second low-temperature drying device, purging by dry air to reduce the humidity of the crude protein feed product, conveying by a screw to obtain a protein feed product, and preparing powdered or granular finished feed according to downstream requirements. Wherein, screw rod conveying can enough make the crude protein feed product convey smoothly, can increase the area of contact of crude protein feed product and dry air to a certain extent again, improves drying efficiency.

Preferably, in S4, the stirring is performed intermittently, 2-8 times per day, the fermentation is performed for 48-96h, the initial water content of the de-husked vinasse is 40-60%, and the inoculation amount of the strain is 4-15%. Proper stirring can increase the contact surface of the strain, so that the strain is fully contacted with the raw materials, the biochemical reaction is promoted, the phenomenon of uneven concentration, humidity and temperature during fermentation is eliminated to a certain extent, if the stirring frequency is too much, the growth of dominant strain can be damaged, the mixed strain is easy to contaminate, the quality of the vinasse feed is reduced, and the power cost of production is increased.

Preferably, in S4, the fermentation temperature is controlled by two-stage water bath and a temperature monitoring point, and the fermentation temperature is 28-35 ℃.

Preferably, in S4, the humidity in the fermentation tank is adjusted by a humidification spray device in cooperation with a humidity monitoring point and a vacuum dehumidification port.

Preferably, in S4, the oxygen content in the fermenter is controlled by intermittent stirring in combination with an air vent.

Preferably, the temperature of the drying air does not exceed 60 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the main process flow of the invention comprises rice hull separation, solid-liquid separation, fermentation, low-temperature drying and the like. The rice husk separation utilizes the principle that the rice husk density is little, easily float on the surface of water, through soaking fresh lees in clean water for the rice husk floats on the surface of water, filters out the rice husk through the filter screen, and the process is simple, and the power consumption is low, and equipment is simple and easy, and clean water accessible later stage distillation recycle, energy-concerving and environment-protective. The inside rational arrangement temperature monitoring of fermentation equipment, humidity monitoring devices are furnished with humidification and dehydrating unit, and the water bath divide into two parts from top to bottom, lets in the circulating water respectively and carries out the segmentation accuse temperature, is favorable to the condition that the interior material hypomere heat is higher than the upper segment to when the fermentation of stewing, in time removes the heat for material temperature distribution is more even, and the activity of fungus crowd and product quality are more stable.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a solid-liquid separation apparatus in example 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first low-temperature drying apparatus in embodiment 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fermenter according to example 1 of the present invention.

Wherein, 1, a solid-liquid separation device; 11. a vinasse feeding hole; 12. a telescopic filter screen; 13. a first stirring device; 14. a water outlet; 15. a drainage filter screen; 16. discharging a shell-removed vinasse; 17. discharging the rice hulls; 2. a first low temperature drying device; 21. a feed inlet; 22. a dry air inlet; 23. a dry air outlet; 24. a discharge port; 25. a screw; 3. a fermentation tank; 30. a hulled distillers' grains feed inlet; 31. a humidifying spraying device; 32. an air vent; 33. putting the water bath jacket on the container; 331. an upper water bath inlet; 332. an upper water bath outlet; 34. a lower water bath jacket; 341. an outlet of the water bath; 342. a lower water bath inlet; 35. a second stirring device; 36 temperature monitoring points; 37. a humidity monitoring point; 38. a protein feed outlet; 39. a vacuum dehumidification port; 4. and a second low-temperature drying device.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1-4, an energy-saving device for producing protein feed by using vinasse comprises a solid-liquid separation device 1, a first low-temperature drying device 2, a fermentation tank 3 and a second low-temperature drying device 4 which are connected in sequence.

Referring to fig. 2, a lees feed inlet 11 is formed in the top of the solid-liquid separation device 1, a telescopic filter screen 12 and a first stirring device 13 are arranged in the solid-liquid separation device, water outlets 14 are formed in the bottoms of the two sides of the solid-liquid separation device, a water discharging filter screen 15 is arranged on each water outlet 14, and a husking lees discharge outlet 16 and a rice husk discharge outlet 17 are formed in the bottoms of the solid-liquid separation device in parallel. Wherein, the scalable filter screen of separation rice husk can be packed up or expand, satisfies the effect of separation, and the drainage filter screen also is equipped with to the outlet simultaneously, and the outlet sets up 2, and one is opened one and is equipped with, when one of them drainage filter screen blocks up, closes this outlet and clears up and open another outlet.

Referring to fig. 3, the top of the fermentation tank 3 is provided with a hulled wine lees feed inlet 30, a humidifying and spraying device 31 and an air vent 32; an upper water bath jacket 33 is arranged at the upper part of the outer side of the fermentation tank 3, an upper water bath inlet 331 is arranged at the lower part of one side of the upper water bath jacket 33, an upper water bath outlet 332 is arranged at the upper part of the other side of the upper water bath jacket 33, a lower water bath jacket 34 is arranged at the lower part of the outer side of the fermentation tank 3, a lower water bath outlet 341 is arranged at the upper part of one side of the lower water bath jacket 34, and a lower water bath inlet 342 is arranged at the lower part of the other side of the lower water bath jacket; a second stirring device 35 is arranged in the fermentation tank 3, and four temperature monitoring points 36 and two humidity monitoring points 37 are uniformly distributed on the second stirring device 35; the bottom of the fermentation tank 3 is provided with a protein feed outlet 38, and the bottom of the fermentation tank 3 is provided with vacuum dehumidification ports 39 at two sides of the protein feed outlet 38.

Referring to fig. 4, a feed inlet 21 is formed in the top of one side of the first low-temperature drying device 2, a dry air inlet 22 is formed in the bottom of one side, a dry air outlet 23 is formed in the top of the other side, a discharge outlet 24 is formed in the bottom of the other side, a screw 25 is arranged in the second low-temperature drying device 4, and the second low-temperature drying device and the first low-temperature drying device 2 are identical in structure.

Example 2

A process for producing protein feed from distiller's grains features that 1 ten thousand tons of biological feed is produced per year, and the loss of dry matter (1%) and distillers' grains (2.5 tons)When 1t protein feed product is produced, about 2.5 ten thousand of vinasse are required to be stored, and the volume is about 4.8 ten thousand m³. 6 fermentors are operated simultaneously, and each fermenter can process 50t at one time, namely about 100m³And (4) vinasse. The apparatus of example 1 was used, comprising the following steps:

s1, 50t of fresh vinasse with 60% of water content and 20% of rice hull content enters a solid-liquid separation device 1, 50t of clean water is injected and then stirred and stands, when most of the rice hulls are positioned on the upper portion of a liquid level, the rice hulls and the lower portion of husked vinasse are separated by stretching out a telescopic filter screen 12, clear liquid of the vinasse after separation is filtered out from water outlets 14 at the bottoms of two sides, the husked vinasse enters a first low-temperature drying device 2 from a husked vinasse discharging port 16 at the bottom, the telescopic filter screen 12 is folded, and the rice hulls are recovered to a wine making working section from a rice hull discharging port 17 at the bottom.

S2, distilling the filtered clear liquid of the vinasse, continuously using the obtained clear water for rice hull separation, and recycling the obtained ethanol.

S3, the wet de-husked vinasse enters the first low-temperature drying device 2, the humidity of the wet de-husked vinasse is reduced through blowing dry air, the wet de-husked vinasse is conveyed to the fermentation tank 3 through the screw rod 25, the blown air is discharged from the dry air outlet 23 at the top, the temperature of the dry air is not more than 60 ℃, the dry air is cooled to 30 ℃ after being dried and then enters the fermentation tank 3, and the water content of the dried de-husked vinasse is controlled to be 50%.

And (3) feeding the shelled vinasse dried by S4 and 35t into a fermentation tank 3, wherein the mixture ratio is 1: 1: 1, the oxygen content in the fermentation tank 3 is regulated and controlled by intermittently stirring and matching with an air port 32 under the inoculation effect of 5 percent of candida utilis, lactobacillus casei and bacillus subtilis, the temperature distribution is uneven due to heat generated in the fermentation process in the stirring clearance, namely the material standing period, the temperature of the upper material is lower than that of the lower material, the outer water bath is divided into two sections, four temperature monitoring points 36 are matched to regulate and control the fermentation temperature to be 30 ℃, the humidity in the fermentation tank 3 is regulated by matching with a humidity monitoring point 37 and a vacuum dehumidification port 39 through a humidification spraying device 31, the humidity of the shelling distiller grains is not lower than 45 percent before the fermentation is finished, and the shelling distiller grains are fermented into protein feed. Wherein the initial water content of the de-husked distiller's grains is 50%, stirring is carried out intermittently, stirring is carried out for 4 times every day, and fermentation is carried out for 72 h.

S5, feeding the fermented crude protein feed product into a second low-temperature drying device 4, purging the crude protein feed product by dry air to reduce the humidity of the crude protein feed product, discharging the purged air from the top, wherein the temperature of the dry air is not more than 60 ℃, obtaining 20t of the crude protein feed product, drying, cooling to below 35 ℃, and preparing powdery or granular finished feed according to downstream requirements.

The changes in the nutrient content before and after fermentation of the distillers' grains are shown in the following table:

example 3

A process for producing protein feed from vinasse by adopting the device of the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:

S3, the wet de-husked vinasse enters the first low-temperature drying device 2, the humidity of the wet de-husked vinasse is reduced through blowing dry air, the wet de-husked vinasse is conveyed to the fermentation tank 3 through the screw rod 25, the blown air is discharged from the dry air outlet 23 at the top, the temperature of the dry air is not more than 60 ℃, the dry air is cooled to 28 ℃ after being dried and then enters the fermentation tank 3, and the water content of the dried de-husked vinasse is controlled to be 53%.

And (3) feeding the shelled vinasse dried by S4 and 35t into a fermentation tank 3, wherein the mixture ratio is 2: 1: 1 under the effect of inoculating candida utilis, lactobacillus casei and bacillus subtilis in a proportion of 10%, the oxygen content in the fermentation tank 3 is regulated and controlled by intermittently stirring and matching with the air port 32, the temperature distribution is uneven due to heat generated in the fermentation process in the stirring clearance, namely the material standing period, the temperature of the upper material is lower than that of the lower material, the outer water bath is divided into two sections, the fermentation temperature is regulated and controlled to be 28 ℃ by matching with four temperature monitoring points 36, the humidity in the fermentation tank 3 is regulated by matching with the humidity monitoring point 37 and the vacuum dehumidification port 39 through the humidification spraying device 31, the humidity of the hulled distillers grains before the fermentation is finished is ensured to be not lower than 48%, and the hulled distillers grains are fermented into the protein feed. Wherein the initial water content of the de-husked vinasse is 53%, stirring is carried out intermittently, 4 times of stirring are carried out every day, and fermentation is carried out for 96 hours.

the above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an utilize economizer of lees production protein feed which characterized in that, includes consecutive solid-liquid separation equipment, first low temperature drying device, fermentation cylinder and second low temperature drying device.

2. The energy-saving device according to claim 1, wherein a lees feed inlet is arranged at the top of the solid-liquid separation device, a telescopic filter screen and a first stirring device are arranged inside the solid-liquid separation device, water outlets are arranged at the bottoms of two sides of the solid-liquid separation device, a drainage filter screen is arranged on the water outlet, and a husked lees discharge outlet and a rice husk discharge outlet are arranged at the bottom of the solid-liquid separation device.

3. The energy-saving device of claim 1, wherein the top of the fermentation tank is provided with a deshelled vinasse feed inlet, a humidifying and spraying device and an air port; an upper water bath jacket is arranged at the upper part of the outer side of the fermentation tank, an upper water bath inlet is arranged at the lower part of one side of the upper water bath jacket, and an upper water bath outlet is arranged at the upper part of the other side of the upper water bath jacket; a lower water bath jacket is arranged at the lower part of the outer side of the fermentation tank, a lower water bath outlet is arranged at the upper part of one side of the lower water bath jacket, and a lower water bath inlet is arranged at the lower part of the other side of the upper water bath jacket; a second stirring device, a plurality of temperature monitoring points and a plurality of humidity monitoring points are arranged inside the fermentation tank; the bottom of fermentation cylinder is equipped with the protein feed discharge gate, the bottom of fermentation cylinder is located the both sides of protein feed discharge gate all are equipped with the vacuum dehumidification mouth.

4. The energy saving device of claim 1, wherein the first low temperature drying device and the second low temperature drying device are provided with a feed inlet at the top of one side, a dry air inlet at the bottom of one side, a dry air outlet at the top of the other side, a discharge outlet at the bottom of the other side, and a screw rod is arranged inside.

5. A process for producing a protein feed based on the apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:

s1, feeding fresh vinasse into a solid-liquid separation device, injecting clear water, stirring, standing, extending out a telescopic filter screen to separate the rice hulls from the lower part of the hulled vinasse when most of the rice hulls are positioned at the upper part of the liquid level, filtering out the separated vinasse clear liquid from water outlets at the bottoms of two sides, feeding the hulled vinasse into a first low-temperature drying device from a hulled vinasse discharge port at the bottom, retracting the telescopic filter screen, and recycling the rice hulls from the rice hull discharge port at the bottom to a wine making working section;

s2, distilling the filtered clear liquid of the vinasse, continuously using the obtained clear water for rice hull separation, and recycling the obtained ethanol;

s3, enabling the wet de-shelled vinasse to enter a first low-temperature drying device, purging by dry air to enable the humidity of the wet de-shelled vinasse to be reduced, and conveying the wet de-shelled vinasse into a fermentation tank through a screw;

s4, feeding the dried shelled vinasse into a fermentation tank, regulating and controlling the oxygen content in the fermentation tank by intermittent stirring under the action of a strain, regulating and controlling the fermentation temperature by two-stage water bath, and regulating the humidity in the fermentation tank by a humidifying and spraying device to ferment the shelled vinasse into protein feed;

s5, feeding the fermented crude protein feed product into a second low-temperature drying device, purging by dry air to reduce the humidity of the crude protein feed product, conveying by a screw to obtain a protein feed product, and preparing powdered or granular finished feed according to downstream requirements.

6. The process of claim 5, wherein the stirring is performed intermittently at S4 for 2-8 times per day for 48-96 hours of co-fermentation, the initial moisture content of the de-shelled stillage is 40-60%, and the inoculum size of the seed is 4-15%.

7. The process of claim 5, wherein in S4, the fermentation temperature is controlled by two water baths in combination with a temperature monitoring point, and the fermentation temperature is 28-35 ℃.

8. The process of claim 5, wherein in S4, the humidity in the fermentation tank is adjusted by a humidifying spraying device in cooperation with a humidity monitoring point and a vacuum dehumidification port.

9. The process of claim 5, wherein in S4, the oxygen content in the fermenter is controlled by intermittent stirring in combination with an air vent.

10. The process of claim 5, wherein the temperature of the drying air does not exceed 60 ℃.