CN114194422B - Retraction avoidance type locking and releasing device - Google Patents
Retraction avoidance type locking and releasing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114194422B CN114194422B CN202111557589.1A CN202111557589A CN114194422B CN 114194422 B CN114194422 B CN 114194422B CN 202111557589 A CN202111557589 A CN 202111557589A CN 114194422 B CN114194422 B CN 114194422B
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- supporting seat
- rotary
- retraction
- locking
- rotary supporting
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/64—Systems for coupling or separating cosmonautic vehicles or parts thereof, e.g. docking arrangements
- B64G1/641—Interstage or payload connectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
- B64G1/64—Systems for coupling or separating cosmonautic vehicles or parts thereof, e.g. docking arrangements
- B64G1/645—Separators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a retraction avoidance type locking and releasing device which comprises four modules, namely a supporting unit, a locking unit, a separating unit and a retraction unit. The locked structure is supported on the petal structure of the rotary supporting seat through the adapter plate, the lower edge of the petal structure of the rotary supporting seat is supported on the wedge-shaped structure of the shell, and the locking unit sequentially compresses the disengaging spring, the adapter plate and the rotary supporting seat; when the lock is unlocked, the split nuts are separated, the locking bolt is released from the spring to be ejected out due to the fact that the limit is lost, the rotary tension spring pulls the sliding bolt to move, the rotary supporting seat is further pulled to rotate, after the rotary supporting seat rotates for a certain angle, the rotary supporting seat retracts into the shell under the action of the retraction spring, and release is completed. In the rail operation process, the rotary tension spring can continuously tighten the rotary supporting seat to avoid rotation of the rotary supporting seat. The device can generate controllable clearance between the locked structure and the rotary supporting seat, avoids the working stroke of the locked structure, and has compact structure, high space utilization rate, simple and convenient assembly and good inclusion.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spacecraft structures and mechanisms, in particular to a space locking and releasing device.
Background
The spacecraft needs a plurality of unlocking devices to realize the functions of connection, locking and controllable unlocking between two structures, and most of the locking and releasing devices in the prior art aim at occasions that the two structures are positioned on different installation matrixes and can normally work only after being completely separated. For a rotating structure on a spacecraft, the rotating structure needs to be locked in the launching stage, so that the structure can bear the launching mechanical environment, after the orbit is unlocked, the locked structure is still connected to the same substrate, and relative movement exists between the locked structure and the locked structure in working. The locking and releasing device is required to be reliably locked and controllably unlocked, and on the premise of not adding other auxiliary structures, enough gaps are generated between the released locked structures, so that possible friction or collision is avoided, and normal operation of the spacecraft is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the locking and separating requirements of a rotary structure, the invention solves the problems of uncontrolled gap, high collision risk, complex structure and the like in the existing locking and releasing technology, and provides the locking and releasing device with compact structure, reliable connection and controllable gap after release.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that: a retraction avoidance type locking release device comprises four modules, namely a supporting unit, a locking unit, a separating unit and a retraction unit.
The supporting unit comprises a rotary supporting seat, a shell and an adapter plate; the upper end of the rotary supporting seat and the inner side of the shell are respectively provided with a plurality of petal structures and wedge structures along the circumferential direction, when the rotary supporting seat is connected, the locked structure is supported on the petal structures of the rotary supporting seat through the adapter plate, the lower edges of the petal structures of the rotary supporting seat are supported on the wedge structures of the shell, and the bottom end of the shell is fixed on the cabin plate of the spacecraft.
The locking unit comprises a locking bolt, a loading nut and a split nut; a spring gland is fixed at the top of the locking bolt, and a precompressed uncoupling spring is arranged between the spring gland and the adapter plate; and when in connection, a pre-tightening load is applied to the locking bolt through the loading nut, so that the release spring, the adapter plate and the rotary supporting seat are pressed downwards, and the lower end of the locking bolt is matched with the split nut.
The separation unit adopts a disengaging spring to provide driving force for locking bolt ejection during unlocking.
The retraction unit comprises a retraction spring, a sliding bolt and a rotary tension spring, wherein the precompressed retraction spring is arranged between the wedge-shaped structure and the flanging of the rotary supporting seat, and the rotary tension spring and the sliding bolt are arranged in an annular groove at the top end of the shell.
In the locking state, the space positions of the adapter plate and the rotary supporting seat are fixed under the action of the pretightening force of the locking bolt, so that the function of bearing and locking is realized; when unlocking, the split nuts are separated, so that the limit on the locking bolt is released, and the locking bolt pops up under the action of restoring force of the release spring. The rotary tension spring pulls the sliding bolt to move, and simultaneously pulls the rotary supporting seat to rotate; after the rotary supporting seat rotates for a certain angle, the petal structure of the rotary supporting seat is completely staggered with the wedge-shaped structure of the shell in the circumferential direction, the petal structure rotates to a gap area between the two wedge-shaped structures, the rotary supporting seat loses longitudinal limit, and then the rotary supporting seat retracts into the shell under the action of the retraction spring, and the release is completed; at the moment, the gap between the locked structure and the rotary supporting seat is the largest, so that friction or collision between the separated structures can be prevented; in the rail operation process, the rotary tension spring can continuously tighten the rotary supporting seat to avoid rotation of the rotary supporting seat.
Further, the petal structure at the upper end of the rotary supporting seat has a conical surface on the inner side for supporting the adapter plate and a spherical surface on the outer side, wherein the surface is matched with the wedge-shaped structure of the shell.
Further, the wedge-shaped structure at the inner side of the top end of the shell is provided with a conical surface on the upper surface and is used for being matched with the spherical surface of the lower edge of the outer side of the petal structure of the rotary supporting seat, so that the rotary supporting seat is supported.
Further, the conical surface of the wedge-shaped structure of the shell is provided with a convex stop structure along the anticlockwise direction for limiting the rotation position of the rotary supporting seat.
Further, a cylindrical cavity is arranged below the wedge-shaped structure in the shell, and the inner diameter of the cavity is larger than the outer diameter of the retraction spring and is used for installing the retraction spring and limiting the position of the rotary supporting seat after release.
Further, the number of the petal structures of the rotary support seat is not less than 2 and the petal structures of the rotary support seat are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the circumferential angle of the petal structures of the rotary support seat is smaller than the angle of a notch area between the two wedge structures of the shell.
Further, the flanging of the rotary supporting seat is arranged at the lower end of the rotary supporting seat, and the outer diameter of the flanging is larger than the inner diameter of the shell wedge-shaped structure and the outer diameter of the retraction spring.
Further, the rotary supporting seat is provided with 1 or more limiting holes along the circumferential direction, and the limiting holes are used for being inserted into the stop tool during assembly, so that the rotation of the rotary supporting seat is limited.
Further, limiting holes are formed in the top end of the shell along the circumferential direction, and the number and positions of the holes correspond to those of the limiting holes of the rotary supporting seat and are used for inserting the stop tool.
Further, an annular groove is formed in the top end of the shell, and a mounting positioning and moving track is provided for the sliding bolt and the rotary tension spring.
Further, the sliding bolt is of an arc-shaped structure and can slide in the annular groove of the shell; the sliding bolt is longitudinally provided with a waist-shaped hole, and a stop screw is arranged in the hole and used for limiting the movement stroke of the sliding bolt; the inner side surface of the sliding bolt is fixed with a rotary deflector rod for poking the rotary supporting seat to rotate.
Further, the lower end of the adapter plate is a spherical surface and is used for being matched with the conical surface of the petal structure of the rotary supporting seat.
Further, the loading nut of the device is matched with the adapter plate through the spherical gasket, so that the centering requirement of the locking bolt installation process is reduced.
Further, the device is also provided with a bolt accommodating cover, so that the restoring length of the release spring can be limited, and the release spring and the locking bolt can be prevented from being out of control after release.
Further, the disengaging spring is arranged between the adapter plate and the spring gland, the spring gland is fixed at the top end of the locking bolt, once the device is unlocked, the disengaging spring can rapidly spring the locking bolt and continuously limit the locking bolt in the bolt containing cover, so that the locking bolt is prevented from falling back again, and the reliability of locking bolt ejection and containing is improved.
Compared with the existing locking and separating technology, the invention has the advantages of controllable gap after separation, compact structure, good structural inclusion and the like, and is particularly characterized in the following aspects:
(1) The retraction unit adopted by the invention can ensure that the rotary supporting seat rotates to a designated position after release, so that a controllable gap is generated between the locked structure and the rotary supporting seat, the working stroke of the locked structure is avoided, and the retraction avoidance type design avoids the possibility of collision or abrasion between the locked structure and the locking release device after separation.
(2) The locking and releasing device has compact structure, functions of connection, locking, unlocking, releasing and gap maintaining, and high space utilization rate.
(3) The matching surfaces among the transfer plate, the rotary supporting seat and the shell are all matched by adopting spherical surfaces and conical surfaces, so that the self-centering effect is achieved, and the assembly difficulty is reduced.
(4) The locking and releasing device can not generate fragments or pollutants after separation, and all parts have reliable storage space, so that the possibility of damage to precision components on related structures is effectively prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1 (a) is a locked state and FIG. 1 (b) is a separated state;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a rotary support base according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an adapter plate of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the housing of the present invention, wherein fig. 4 (a) is a three-dimensional view and fig. 4 (b) is a sectional view;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the retraction unit of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the retracting function of the present invention, wherein FIG. 6 (a) is a locked state and FIG. 6 (b) is a separated state;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of an assembly mode of the rotary support base.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a rotary support base; 2. an adapter plate; 3. a retraction spring; 4. a housing; 5. a release spring; 6. a spring gland; 7. a locking bolt; 8. loading a nut; 9. a spherical spacer; 10. a bolt housing cover; 11. a sliding bolt; 12. rotating the tension spring; 13. rotating the pulling rod; 14. a stop screw; 15. a fixing screw; 16. a split nut; 101. conical surface of the rotary supporting seat; 102. rotating the spherical surface of the supporting seat; 103. flanging; 104. a limit hole of the rotary supporting seat; 201. the spherical surface of the adapter plate; 202. a ball socket; 401. conical surface of the shell; 402. an annular groove; 403. slotting; 404. a housing limit hole; 405. a flange; 406. a protrusion; 407. a cylindrical cavity.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
The general structure of the present invention is shown in fig. 1 (a) and 1 (b). In the locking state, the locked structure is supported on the rotary supporting seat 1 through the adapter plate 2, and the rotary supporting seat 1 is supported on the shell 4; the top of the locking bolt 7 is fixedly provided with a spring gland 6, a precompressed uncoupling spring 5 is arranged between the spring gland 6 and the adapter plate 2, and a pre-tightening load is applied to the locking bolt 7 through a loading nut 8 during connection, so that the spherical gasket 9, the adapter plate 2 and the rotary supporting seat 1 are compressed, and the lower end of the locking bolt 7 is matched with a split nut 16; under the action of the pretightening force of the locking bolt 7, the space positions of the adapter plate 2 and the rotary supporting seat 1 are fixed. The precompressed retraction spring 3 is mounted between the housing 4 and the rotary support 1, and the rotary tension spring 12 and the sliding bolt 11 are disposed in an annular groove at the top end of the housing 4.
When the unlocking is released, the split nuts 16 are separated to release the limit on the locking bolt 7, and the locking bolt 7 is ejected under the restoring force of the release spring 5 and is contained in the bolt containing 10. The rotary tension spring 12 pulls the sliding bolt 11 to move, and simultaneously pulls the rotary supporting seat 1 to rotate; after the rotary supporting seat 1 rotates for a certain angle, the rotary supporting seat retracts into the shell 4 under the action of the retraction spring 3, and separation is completed.
The structure of the rotary support 1 of the present invention is shown in fig. 2. The upper end of the device is uniformly provided with 4 petal structures along the circumferential direction; the inner side of the petal structure is a conical surface 101 for supporting the adapter plate 2; the lower end of the petal structure is a sphere 102 which is used for being matched with the shell 4. The lower end of the rotary supporting seat 1 is provided with a flanging 103 for transmitting the elastic restoring force of the retraction spring 3; a limiting hole 104 is formed in the middle of the rotary support base 1 along the circumferential direction and is used for inserting a stop tool in the assembly stage.
The structure of the adapter plate 2 is shown in fig. 3, and is in a rotary flat plate structure, the lower end of the adapter plate is a spherical surface 201 and is used for being matched with the conical surface 101 of the rotary support seat 1, and the upper end of the adapter plate is provided with a ball socket 202 for placing the spherical gasket 9, so that the centering difficulty of the locking bolt 7 and the loading nut 8 during installation is reduced.
The structure of the shell 4 is shown in fig. 4 (a) and 4 (b), 4 wedge structures are distributed on the inner side of the top end of the shell 4, the upper surface of each wedge structure is a shell conical surface 401 which is used for being matched with the spherical surface 102 of the rotary supporting seat, and the anticlockwise end of the shell conical surface 401 is provided with a bulge 406 which is used for limiting the rotation position of the rotary supporting seat 1; the top end of the shell 4 is provided with an annular groove 402 for assembling the rotary tension spring 12 and the sliding bolt 11; two slotting structures 403 are symmetrically distributed on the inner side of the top end of the shell 4 along the circumferential direction, so that the installation and the movement of the rotary deflector rod 13 are facilitated; a limiting hole 404 corresponding to the position of the limiting hole 104 of the rotary supporting seat is formed on the outer side of the top end of the shell 4 along the circumferential direction; the bottom end of the shell 4 is provided with a flange 405 for fixing the shell 4 on a spacecraft cabin plate; below the wedge-shaped structure is a cylindrical cavity 407 for mounting the retraction spring 3 and limiting the rotation support 1 after separation.
The specific structure of the retraction unit of the present invention is shown in fig. 5, wherein the sliding bolt 11 and the rotary tension spring 12 are installed in the annular groove 402 and can move circumferentially along the annular groove 402; one end of the rotary tension spring 12 is fixed in the annular groove 402 through the fixing screw 15, the other end is connected to the sliding bolt 11, and the stop screw 14 arranged in the annular groove 402 is used for limiting the stroke of the circumferential movement of the sliding bolt 11; the rotary deflector 13 is fixed on the inner side surface of the sliding bolt 11, and the other end passes through the slot 403 to contact with the rotary support seat 1 (not shown in the figure), so that the rotary support seat 1 is rotated by the rotary deflector 13 during unlocking.
In the retraction process of the invention, as shown in fig. 6 (a) and 6 (b), in the locking state, the retraction spring 3 is pressed by the flange 103 of the rotary support seat 1, and the space position of the retraction spring is fixed; when the unlocking is released, the rotary deflector 13 dials the rotary support seat 1 to rotate for a certain angle, the petal structure of the rotary support seat 1 reaches a notch area between the two wedge structures on the shell, the rotary support seat loses longitudinal constraint, the restoring force of the retraction spring 3 pushes the rotary support seat 1 to move downwards, and therefore the retraction process of the rotary support seat 1 is completed, and the in-orbit operation of the locked structure is avoided.
The assembly mode of the rotary support seat 1 is shown in fig. 7, and the stop tool is inserted into the limit hole 104 of the rotary support seat through the limit hole 404 of the shell, so as to limit the circumferential rotation of the rotary support seat 1; after the pretightening force of the locking bolt 7 is applied, the position of the rotary supporting seat 1 is locked, and the stop tool is pulled out at the moment, so that the assembly process is completed.
It should be noted that the number of petal structures and wedge structures on the housing 4 of the rotary support 1 is not limited to 4, and in fact, the petal structures and wedge structures are arranged only to satisfy the following two conditions: firstly, the number is not less than 2, and the two are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction so as to ensure the stress balance; and secondly, in the circumferential direction, the angle of the petal structure is smaller than the angle of a gap area between the two wedge-shaped structures, so that the rotary supporting seat can be ensured to retract smoothly after being released.
The portions of the invention not disclosed in detail are well known in the art, and it will be appreciated that the retraction spring 3, the release spring 5, and the rotary tension spring 12 of the present invention are all standard components in the art.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The retraction avoidance type locking and releasing device is characterized by comprising four modules, namely a supporting unit, a locking unit, a separating unit and a retraction unit; wherein,
The supporting unit comprises a rotary supporting seat (1), an adapter plate (2) and a shell (4); the upper end of the rotary supporting seat (1) is provided with a plurality of petal structures along the circumferential direction, the inner side of each petal structure is a conical surface, and the lower edge of the outer side is a spherical surface; the lower end of the adapter plate (2) is a spherical surface and is used for being matched with a conical surface of a petal structure; the inner side of the shell (4) is provided with a plurality of wedge-shaped structures along the circumferential direction, the upper surface of each wedge-shaped structure is a conical surface and is used for being matched with the spherical surface of the petal structure, and one anticlockwise end of the conical surface of each wedge-shaped structure is provided with a convex stop structure; in a locking state, the locked structure is supported on a petal structure of the rotary supporting seat (1) through the adapter plate (2), and the lower edge of the petal structure of the rotary supporting seat (1) is supported on a wedge-shaped structure of the shell (4);
The locking unit comprises a locking bolt (7), a loading nut (8) and a split nut (16), wherein a pre-tightening load is applied to the locking bolt (7) through the loading nut (8) during connection, and the locking bolt (7) is matched with the split nut (16) at the lower end of the locking bolt (7) through the compression release spring (5), the adapter plate (2) and the rotary supporting seat (1);
the separation unit adopts a disengaging spring (5) to provide driving force for the locking bolt (7) to pop up when the separation unit is unlocked;
The retraction unit comprises a retraction spring (3), a sliding bolt (11) and a rotary tension spring (12); the sliding bolt (11) is of an arc structure, a kidney-shaped hole is longitudinally arranged in the sliding bolt, and a stop screw (14) for limiting the movement stroke of the sliding bolt (11) is arranged in the hole; a rotary deflector rod (13) is fixed on the inner side surface of the sliding bolt (11) and is used for poking the rotary supporting seat (1) to rotate; the precompressed retraction spring (3) is arranged between the wedge-shaped structure and the flanging of the rotary supporting seat (1), and the rotary tension spring (12) and the sliding bolt (11) are arranged in an annular groove at the top end of the shell (4);
When the lock is unlocked, the split nuts (16) are separated, the locking bolts (7) lose limit and pop out under the action of restoring force of the disengaging springs (5), the rotary tension springs (12) pull the sliding bolts (11) to move, then the rotary support seat (1) is driven to rotate, when the petal structure of the rotary support seat (1) rotates to a gap area between the two wedge-shaped structures of the shell (4), the rotary support seat (1) retracts into the shell under the action of the retracting springs (3), and release is completed.
2. Retraction avoidance type lock release according to claim 1, characterized in that a cylindrical cavity is provided in the housing (4) below the wedge-shaped structure, the cavity inner diameter being larger than the outer diameter of the retraction spring (3).
3. The retraction avoidance type locking release device according to claim 1, wherein the number of petal structures of the rotary support seat (1) is equal to or more than 2 and the number of wedge structures of the outer shell (4) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the circumferential angle of the petal structures is smaller than the angle of a gap area between the two wedge structures.
4. The retraction avoidance type locking release of claim 1 wherein the flange of the rotary support (1) is disposed at the lower end of the rotary support (1) and the outer diameter of the flange is greater than the inner diameter of the wedge-shaped structure of the housing (4) and the outer diameter of the retraction spring (3).
5. The retraction avoidance type locking release of claim 1 wherein the rotary support (1) and the housing (4) are circumferentially provided with corresponding position limiting holes for insertion of a stop tool.
6. The retraction avoidance type locking release of claim 1 wherein a bolt receiving cap (10) is provided above the adapter plate (2) to prevent uncontrolled fly-out of the release spring (5) and locking bolt (7) after release.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202111557589.1A CN114194422B (en) | 2021-12-19 | 2021-12-19 | Retraction avoidance type locking and releasing device |
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CN202111557589.1A CN114194422B (en) | 2021-12-19 | 2021-12-19 | Retraction avoidance type locking and releasing device |
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CN114194422A CN114194422A (en) | 2022-03-18 |
CN114194422B true CN114194422B (en) | 2024-06-18 |
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CN216233086U (en) * | 2021-12-19 | 2022-04-08 | 北京灵翼航宇科技有限公司 | Retracting avoiding type locking and releasing device |
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US6939073B1 (en) * | 2003-08-26 | 2005-09-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Releasable locking mechanisms |
US7001127B2 (en) * | 2003-10-20 | 2006-02-21 | Hi-Shear Technology | Non-pyrolytically actuated reduced-shock separation fastener |
CN100483291C (en) * | 2006-04-10 | 2009-04-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | Mini-sized large-load SMA space synchronous unlocking mechanism |
CN108190051A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-06-22 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of super large load tripper of SMA driving |
CN108327929A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-27 | 北京航空航天大学 | A kind of super-elasticity SMA bands non-firer's unlocking mechanism of cluster |
CN209535506U (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2019-10-25 | 北京灵翼航宇科技有限公司 | A kind of non-firer driving divides valve nut type tripper |
CN210707971U (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2020-06-09 | 北京卫星制造厂有限公司 | Multi-stage separation unlocking device based on split nut |
CN113277124B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-04-08 | 东南大学 | Unlocking separation device based on split nut |
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CN216233086U (en) * | 2021-12-19 | 2022-04-08 | 北京灵翼航宇科技有限公司 | Retracting avoiding type locking and releasing device |
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