CN114194422A

CN114194422A - Retracting avoiding type locking and releasing device

Info

Publication number: CN114194422A
Application number: CN202111557589.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 付佳丽; 白志兵; 其他发明人请求不公开姓名
Original assignee: Beijing Lingyi Hangyu Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Lingyi Hangyu Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-12-19
Filing date: 2021-12-19
Publication date: 2022-03-18

Abstract

The invention provides a retraction avoiding type locking and releasing device which comprises a supporting unit, a locking unit, a separating unit and a retraction unit. The locking structure is supported on the petal structure of the rotary supporting seat through the adapter plate, the lower edge of the petal structure of the rotary supporting seat is supported on the wedge-shaped structure of the shell, and the locking unit sequentially compresses the release spring, the adapter plate and the rotary supporting seat; during the unblock, split nut separation, locking bolt loses spacing and is popped out by the separation spring, and rotatory extension spring pulling slip bolt moves, and then stirs the rotation of rotation supporting seat, and after rotatory certain angle, the rotation supporting seat is in retracting the shell under the spring effect that contracts, and the release is accomplished. In the process of rail operation, the rotary tension spring can continuously tension the rotary supporting seat to avoid the rotation of the rotary supporting seat. The device can produce controllable clearance between by locked structure and rotary supporting seat, dodges the working stroke by locked structure, and the device compact structure, space utilization are high, the assembly is simple and convenient, the inclusion is good.

Description

Retracting avoiding type locking and releasing device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of spacecraft structures and mechanisms, in particular to a space locking and releasing device.

Background

The spacecraft needs a plurality of unlocking devices to realize the functions of connection, locking and controllable unlocking between two structures, most of the locking releasing devices in the prior art aim at the situation that the two structures are located on different installation base bodies and need to be completely separated to normally work, and under the situation, the locked structures become two objects which independently move after being unlocked, such as separation of a multistage carrier rocket, separation between a satellite and the carrier rocket and the like. And for the rotary structure on the spacecraft, the structure needs to be locked in the launching stage, the structure can bear the launching mechanical environment, after the locking structure is unlocked in the orbit, the locked structure is still connected to the same base body, and relative motion exists between the locked structure and the locked structure in the working process. Therefore, the locking and releasing device is required to be capable of reliably locking and controllably unlocking, and sufficient clearance can be generated between the released locked structures on the premise of not increasing other auxiliary structures, so that possible friction or collision is avoided, and the normal work of the spacecraft is ensured.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the locking and separating requirements of a rotary structure, the invention solves the problems of uncontrolled gap after separation, high collision risk, complex structure and the like in the existing locking and releasing technology, and provides the locking and releasing device which has compact structure, reliable connection and controllable gap after releasing.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a retraction avoiding type locking and releasing device comprises a supporting unit, a locking unit, a separating unit and a retraction unit.

The supporting unit comprises a rotary supporting seat, a shell and an adapter plate; the rotary supporting seat upper end and the shell inboard are equipped with a plurality of petal structures and wedge structure respectively along circumference, and during the connection, support structurally at the petal of rotary supporting seat through the keysets by the locking structure, the structural lower edge support of rotary supporting seat petal is on the wedge structure of shell, and the shell bottom mounting is on spacecraft cabin board.

The locking unit comprises a locking bolt, a loading nut and a split nut; a spring gland is fixed at the top of the locking bolt, and a pre-compressed release spring is arranged between the spring gland and the adapter plate; during connection, a pre-tightening load is applied to the locking bolt through the loading nut, so that the releasing spring, the adapter plate and the rotary supporting seat are pressed downwards, and the lower end of the locking bolt is matched with the split nut.

The separation unit adopts a release spring to provide driving force for ejecting the locking bolt during unlocking.

The retraction unit comprises a retraction spring, a sliding bolt and a rotary tension spring, the pre-compressed retraction spring is arranged between the wedge-shaped structure and a flanging of the rotary support seat, and the rotary tension spring and the sliding bolt are arranged in an annular groove at the top end of the shell.

In a locking state, due to the action of the pretightening force of the locking bolt, the spatial positions of the adapter plate and the rotary supporting seat are fixed, so that the functions of bearing and locking are realized; when unlocking, the split nuts are separated, so that the limit of the locking bolt is released, and the locking bolt is popped up under the action of restoring force of the release spring. The rotary tension spring pulls the sliding bolt to move and simultaneously pulls the rotary supporting seat to rotate; after the rotary supporting seat rotates for a certain angle, the petal structures of the rotary supporting seat are completely staggered with the wedge-shaped structures of the shell in the circumferential direction, the petal structures rotate to a gap area between the two wedge-shaped structures, the rotary supporting seat loses longitudinal limit, and then the rotary supporting seat retracts into the shell under the action of a retraction spring to complete release; at the moment, the clearance between the locked structure and the rotary supporting seat is the largest, so that the friction or collision between the separated structures can be prevented; in the process of rail operation, the rotary tension spring can continuously tension the rotary supporting seat to avoid the rotation of the rotary supporting seat.

Furthermore, the petal structure at the upper end of the rotary supporting seat has a conical surface on the inner side for supporting the adapter plate and a spherical surface on the outer side with the lower edge matched with the wedge structure of the shell.

Furthermore, the upper surface of the wedge-shaped structure on the inner side of the top end of the shell is a conical surface and is used for being matched with the spherical surface of the lower edge of the outer side of the petal structure of the rotary supporting seat, so that support is provided for the rotary supporting seat.

Furthermore, the conical surface of the wedge-shaped structure of the shell is provided with a convex stopping structure along the anticlockwise direction, and the convex stopping structure is used for limiting the rotating position of the rotary supporting seat.

Furthermore, a cylindrical cavity is arranged below the wedge-shaped structure in the shell, the inner diameter of the cavity is larger than the outer diameter of the retraction spring, and the cavity is used for installing the retraction spring and limiting the position of the rotary supporting seat after release.

Further, the petal structure of rotary supporting seat with the number of wedge knot on the shell is the same, is no less than 2, sets up along circumference equipartition, and the circumference angle of rotary supporting seat petal structure is less than the angle in the breach district between two wedge structures of shell.

Furthermore, the flanging of the rotary support seat is arranged at the lower end of the rotary support seat, and the outer diameter of the flanging is larger than the inner diameter of the wedge-shaped structure of the shell and the outer diameter of the retraction spring.

Further, the rotary supporting seat is provided with 1 or more limiting holes along the circumferential direction and used for inserting a stopping tool during assembly, so that the rotation of the rotary supporting seat is limited.

Furthermore, the top end of the shell is circumferentially provided with limiting holes, and the number and the positions of the holes correspond to the limiting holes of the rotary supporting seat and are used for inserting the locking tool.

Furthermore, the top end of the shell is provided with an annular groove for providing a mounting, positioning and moving track for the sliding bolt and the rotary tension spring.

Further, the sliding bolt is of an arc-shaped structure and can slide in an annular groove of the shell; the sliding bolt is longitudinally provided with a waist-shaped hole, and a stop screw is arranged in the hole and used for limiting the movement stroke of the sliding bolt; and a rotary deflector rod is fixed on the inner side surface of the sliding bolt and used for deflecting the rotary supporting seat to rotate.

Furthermore, the lower end of the adapter plate is a spherical surface and is used for being matched with a conical surface of the petal structure of the rotary supporting seat.

Furthermore, a loading nut of the device is matched with the adapter plate through a spherical gasket, so that the centering requirement of the locking bolt in the installation process is reduced.

Furthermore, the device is also provided with a bolt storage cover, so that the return length of the release spring can be limited, and the release spring and the locking bolt can be prevented from flying out after being released.

Furthermore, the release spring is arranged between the adapter plate and the spring gland, the spring gland is fixed at the top end of the locking bolt, once the device is unlocked, the release spring can rapidly bounce the locking bolt and continuously limit the locking bolt in the bolt storage cover, the locking bolt is prevented from falling back again, and the ejection and storage reliability of the locking bolt is improved.

Compared with the prior locking and separating technology, the invention has the advantages of controllable gap after separation, compact structure, good structure inclusion and the like, and is particularly shown in the following aspects:

(1) the retraction unit adopted by the invention can ensure that the rotary supporting seat rotates to a specified position after being released, thereby generating a controllable gap between the locked structure and the rotary supporting seat and avoiding the working stroke of the locked structure.

(2) The locking and releasing device has a compact structure, has the functions of connection, locking, unlocking, releasing and clearance maintaining, and is high in space utilization rate.

(3) The matching surfaces between the adapter plate and the rotary supporting seat as well as between the rotary supporting seat and the shell are matched by adopting a spherical surface-conical surface, so that the self-centering effect is achieved, and the assembly difficulty is reduced.

(4) The locking and releasing device of the invention can not generate fragments or pollutants after separation, all parts have reliable containing spaces, and the possibility of damaging precision components on related structures is effectively prevented.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the general structure of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1(a) is a locked state and FIG. 1(b) is a separated state;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a rotary support base according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an adapter plate of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the housing of the present invention, in which fig. 4(a) is a three-dimensional view and fig. 4(b) is a sectional view;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the retraction unit of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the retraction function of the present invention, wherein FIG. 6(a) is a locked state and FIG. 6(b) is a separated state;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an assembly of the rotary support base.

The reference numbers illustrate: 1. rotating the supporting seat; 2. an adapter plate; 3. a retraction spring; 4. a housing; 5. disengaging the spring; 6. a spring gland; 7. locking the bolt; 8. loading the nut; 9. a spherical spacer; 10. a bolt housing cover; 11. a sliding bolt; 12. rotating the tension spring; 13. rotating the pulling rod; 14. a set screw; 15. a set screw; 16. a split nut; 101. rotating the conical surface of the supporting seat; 102. rotating the spherical surface of the supporting seat; 103. flanging; 104. rotating the limit hole of the support seat; 201. the spherical surface of the adapter plate; 202. a ball socket; 401. a conical surface of the shell; 402. an annular groove; 403. grooving; 404. a housing limiting hole; 405. a flange; 406. a protrusion; 407. a cylindrical cavity.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.

The general structure of the present invention is shown in fig. 1(a) and 1 (b). In a locking state, the locked structure is supported on the rotary supporting seat 1 through the adapter plate 2, and the rotary supporting seat 1 is supported on the shell 4; a spring gland 6 is fixed at the top of the locking bolt 7, a pre-compressed release spring 5 is installed between the spring gland 6 and the adapter plate 2, and a pre-tightening load is applied to the locking bolt 7 through a loading nut 8 during connection, so that the spherical gasket 9, the adapter plate 2 and the rotary supporting seat 1 are compressed, and the lower end of the locking bolt 7 is matched with a split nut 16 which is spliced; under the action of the pre-tightening force of the locking bolt 7, the spatial positions of the adapter plate 2 and the rotary supporting seat 1 are fixed. A pre-compressed retraction spring 3 is mounted between the housing 4 and the rotary support 1, and a rotary tension spring 12 and a sliding pin 11 are arranged in an annular groove at the top end of the housing 4.

When the unlocking is released, the split nut 16 is separated to release the limit of the locking bolt 7, and the locking bolt 7 is ejected out under the restoring force of the release spring 5 and is accommodated in the bolt accommodating portion 10. The rotary tension spring 12 pulls the sliding bolt 11 to move and simultaneously stirs the rotary supporting seat 1 to rotate; after the rotary supporting seat 1 rotates for a certain angle, the rotary supporting seat retracts into the shell 4 under the action of the retraction spring 3, and the separation is completed.

The structure of the rotary supporting seat 1 of the invention is shown in fig. 2. The upper end of the pedal is uniformly provided with 4 petal structures along the circumferential direction; the inner side of the petal structure is a conical surface 101 which is used for supporting the adapter plate 2; the lower end of the petal structure is a spherical surface 102 which is used for matching with the shell 4. The lower end of the rotary supporting seat 1 is provided with a flanging 103 for transferring the elastic restoring force of the retraction spring 3; and a limiting hole 104 is formed in the middle of the rotary supporting seat 1 along the circumferential direction and used for inserting a stopping tool in the assembling stage.

The adapter plate 2 of the invention is of a rotary flat plate structure, the lower end of the adapter plate is a spherical surface 201 and is used for being matched with the conical surface 101 of the rotary supporting seat 1, and the upper end of the adapter plate is provided with a ball socket 202 for placing a spherical gasket 9, so that the centering difficulty in mounting the locking bolt 7 and the loading nut 8 is reduced.

The structure of the shell 4 of the invention is shown in fig. 4(a) and fig. 4(b), 4 wedge structures are distributed on the inner side of the top end of the shell, the upper surface of each wedge structure is a shell conical surface 401 matched with the spherical surface 102 of the rotary supporting seat, and a protrusion 406 is arranged at the counterclockwise end of the shell conical surface 401 and used for limiting the rotating position of the rotary supporting seat 1; the top end of the shell 4 is provided with an annular groove 402 for assembling the rotary tension spring 12 and the sliding bolt 11; two slotted structures 403 are symmetrically distributed on the inner side of the top end of the shell 4 along the circumferential direction, so that the rotary deflector rod 13 can be conveniently installed and moved; a limiting hole 404 corresponding to the position of the limiting hole 104 of the rotary supporting seat is arranged on the outer side of the top end of the shell 4 along the circumferential direction; the bottom end of the shell 4 is provided with a flange 405 for fixing the shell 4 on a spacecraft deck; a cylindrical cavity 407 is arranged below the wedge-shaped structure and used for mounting the retraction spring 3 and limiting the rotating support seat 1 after separation.

The specific structure of the retraction unit of the present invention is shown in fig. 5, a sliding bolt 11 and a rotary tension spring 12 are installed in an annular groove 402 and can move along the circumferential direction of the annular groove 402; one end of a rotary tension spring 12 is fixed in the annular groove 402 through a fixing screw 15, the other end of the rotary tension spring is connected to the sliding bolt 11, and a stop screw 14 arranged in the annular groove 402 is used for limiting the stroke of the circumferential movement of the sliding bolt 11; the rotary shift lever 13 is fixed on the inner side surface of the sliding bolt 11, and the other end passes through the slot 403 to be in contact with the rotary support 1 (not shown in the figure), so that the rotary support 1 is shifted to rotate by the rotary shift lever 13 when unlocking.

The retracting process of the present invention is shown in fig. 6(a) and 6(b), in the locked state, the retracting spring 3 is pressed by the flange 103 of the rotary support seat 1, and the spatial position is fixed; when the unblock was released, rotatory driving lever 13 stirred the rotatory certain angle back of rotary supporting seat 1, and rotary supporting seat 1's petal structure reaches the breach district in the middle of two wedge structures on the shell, and rotary supporting seat loses fore-and-aft restraint, and the restoring force that contracts spring 3 promotes rotary supporting seat 1 and moves down to accomplish rotary supporting seat 1's the process of contracting, dodge the operation in the orbit by the compact structure.

The assembly mode of the rotary support seat 1 of the invention is shown in fig. 7, the stop tool passes through the shell limiting hole 404 and is inserted into the rotary support seat limiting hole 104, so as to limit the circumferential rotation of the rotary support seat 1; after the pretightening force of the locking bolt 7 is applied, the position of the rotary supporting seat 1 is locked, and the locking tool is pulled out to complete the assembling process.

It should be pointed out that the number of the petal structures of the rotary supporting seat 1 and the wedge structures on the shell 4 is not limited to 4, and in fact, the petal structures and the wedge structures only need to satisfy the following two points: the number of the first group is not less than 2, and the first group is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction to ensure the stress balance; and secondly, in the circumferential direction, the angle of the petal structure is smaller than the angle of the gap area between the two wedge-shaped structures so as to ensure that the rotary supporting seat can be smoothly retracted after being released.

The invention is not disclosed in detail and is well known in the art, and it is to be understood that the retraction spring 3, the disengagement spring 5 and the rotary tension spring 12 of the present invention are standard components in the art.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A retraction avoiding type locking and releasing device is characterized by comprising a supporting unit, a locking unit, a separating unit and a retraction unit; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

the supporting unit comprises a rotary supporting seat (1), an adapter plate (2) and a shell (4), a plurality of petal structures and wedge-shaped structures are respectively arranged at the upper end of the rotary supporting seat (1) and the inner side of the shell (4) along the circumferential direction, in a locking state, a locked structure is supported on the petal structures of the rotary supporting seat (1) through the adapter plate (2), and the lower edge of the petal structures of the rotary supporting seat (1) is supported on the wedge-shaped structures of the shell (4);

the locking unit comprises a locking bolt (7), a loading nut (8) and a split nut (16), a pre-tightening load is applied to the locking bolt (7) through the loading nut (8) during connection, a release spring (5), an adapter plate (2) and a rotary supporting seat (1) are compressed, and the lower end of the locking bolt (7) is matched with the split nut (16);

the separation unit adopts a release spring (5) to provide driving force for ejecting the locking bolt (7) during unlocking;

the retraction unit comprises a retraction spring (3), a sliding bolt (11) and a rotary tension spring (12), the pre-compressed retraction spring (3) is arranged between the wedge-shaped structure and the flanging of the rotary support seat (1), and the rotary tension spring (12) and the sliding bolt (11) are arranged in an annular groove at the top end of the shell (4);

during the unblock, split nut (16) separation, lock bolt (7) lose spacing and pop out under the effect of disengaging spring (5) restoring force, rotatory extension spring (12) pulling slip bolt (11) move, and then stir the rotation supporting seat (1) and rotate, and when the petal structure of rotation supporting seat (1) rotated to the breach zone between two wedge structures of shell (4), rotation supporting seat (1) retracted in the shell under the effect of spring (3) that contracts, and the release is accomplished.

2. The retracting and avoiding type locking and releasing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the petal structure of the rotary supporting seat (1) has a conical surface on the inner side supporting the adapter plate (2) and a spherical surface on the outer side lower edge matching with the wedge structure of the housing (4).

3. The retracting and avoiding type locking and releasing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lower end of the adapter plate (2) is spherical and is used for matching with a conical surface of a petal structure of the rotary supporting seat (1).

4. The retracting and avoiding type locking and releasing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the wedge-shaped structure of the shell (4) is a conical surface and is used for being matched with the spherical surface of the lower edge of the outer side of the petal structure of the rotary supporting seat (1); a convex stop structure is arranged at the anticlockwise end of the conical surface of the wedge-shaped structure of the shell (4).

5. The retracting, avoiding-type locking and releasing device according to claim 1, wherein a cylindrical cavity is arranged below the wedge-shaped structure in the housing (4), and the inner diameter of the cavity is larger than the outer diameter of the retracting spring (3).

6. The retracting avoiding type locking and releasing device according to claim 1, wherein the number of the petal structures of the rotary supporting seat (1) and the number of the wedge structures of the shell (4) are the same, not less than 2, the petal structures are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the circumferential angle of the petal structures is smaller than the angle of the gap area between the two wedge structures.

7. The retracting back-off locking and releasing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flanging of the rotary support seat (1) is arranged at the lower end of the rotary support seat (1), and the outer diameter of the flanging is larger than the inner diameter of the wedge-shaped structure of the shell (4) and the outer diameter of the retracting spring (3).

8. The retracting and avoiding type locking and releasing device according to claim 1, wherein the rotating support base (1) and the shell (4) are circumferentially provided with limiting holes corresponding in position for inserting a stopping tool.

9. The retracting and avoiding type locking and releasing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sliding bolt (11) is of an arc-shaped structure, a waist-shaped hole is longitudinally formed in the sliding bolt, and a stop screw (14) is arranged in the waist-shaped hole and used for limiting the movement stroke of the sliding bolt (11); a rotary deflector rod (13) is fixed on the inner side surface of the sliding bolt (11) and is used for deflecting the rotary supporting seat (1) to rotate.

10. The retracting and avoiding type locking and releasing device according to claim 1, wherein a bolt receiving cover (10) is arranged above the adapter plate (2) to prevent the disengaging spring (5) and the locking bolt (7) from flying out in an uncontrolled way after releasing.