CN114192776A - Preparation method of neodymium iron boron magnetic material - Google Patents
Preparation method of neodymium iron boron magnetic material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114192776A CN114192776A CN202111483671.4A CN202111483671A CN114192776A CN 114192776 A CN114192776 A CN 114192776A CN 202111483671 A CN202111483671 A CN 202111483671A CN 114192776 A CN114192776 A CN 114192776A
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- fixedly connected
- magnetic material
- iron boron
- neodymium iron
- boron magnetic
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- QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[Fe].[Nd] Chemical compound [B].[Fe].[Nd] QJVKUMXDEUEQLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000875 high-speed ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNFQZZCDNRLKRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M [O-2].[OH-].O.O.[Al+3] Chemical compound [O-2].[OH-].O.O.[Al+3] PNFQZZCDNRLKRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/004—Filling molds with powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/10—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with one or a few disintegrating members arranged in the container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/06—Selection or use of additives to aid disintegrating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
- B08B1/10—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools characterised by the type of cleaning tool
- B08B1/12—Brushes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
- B08B1/30—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools by movement of cleaning members over a surface
- B08B1/32—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools by movement of cleaning members over a surface using rotary cleaning members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
- B08B1/50—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools involving cleaning of the cleaning members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
- B22F3/03—Press-moulding apparatus therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a neodymium iron boron magnetic material, which comprises the following steps: crushing ferric oxide, screening, putting a shaft for removing impurities into a ball mill, filling absolute ethyl alcohol into the ball mill, and grinding and crushing; when the ferric oxide is ground and crushed, neodymium oxide and aluminum oxide with corresponding components are added in batches, and then the discharged liquid is distilled to recover absolute ethyl alcohol; drying the mixture after ball milling, filling the powder at the screening position into a female die on a forging press, matching with a main oil cylinder to drive a sliding block and a male die to slide downwards, matching with an electromagnet to maintain the pressure of the male die, and performing high-temperature and high-pressure press molding on the powder to obtain the neodymium-iron-boron magnetic material; according to the invention, the anhydrous ethanol is added into the ball mill, so that the impurities are quickly separated, and the load of the main oil cylinder is reduced and the pressing quality of the neodymium iron boron magnetic material is improved by matching the electromagnet with the main oil cylinder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a neodymium iron boron magnetic material.
Background
The neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material is a permanent magnet material based on an intermetallic compound Re2Fe14B, and the lattice structure of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material is a tetragonal crystal structure based on the structure, so that the high saturation magnetization intensity is favorably formed. .
A chinese patent with publication number CN105702404B discloses a method for preparing a neodymium iron boron magnetic material, which comprises mixing ferric oxide, neodymium oxide and aluminum tetraoxide, adding aluminum powder, burning with magnesium strips to generate a reactant, preliminarily separating the generated reactant, removing light substances such as magnesium oxide and aluminum oxide, performing oxidation treatment, adding sodium borohydride solution for high-temperature reduction, and calcining to obtain the neodymium iron boron magnetic material.
When high-speed ball-milling needs to be carried out on raw materials in the prior art, impurities mixed in the raw materials are exposed and ground into powder, the raw materials are polluted, screening needs to be additionally carried out, time and labor are consumed, and meanwhile, dust flies upward during dry milling and is not beneficial to environmental protection.
Therefore, the invention provides a preparation method of the neodymium iron boron magnetic material.
Disclosure of Invention
To remedy the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one of the technical problems set forth in the background is addressed.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the preparation method of the neodymium iron boron magnetic material comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing ferric oxide, screening, removing impurity shafts, putting into a ball mill, filling absolute ethyl alcohol into the ball mill, and stopping filling when the volume of the absolute ethyl alcohol reaches one third of the volume of the ball mill; then starting a ball mill to grind and crush the ferric oxide;
s2, when the ferric oxide is ground and crushed, neodymium oxide and aluminum oxide of corresponding components are added in batches, then high-speed ball milling is carried out, the ball mill is drained at the grinding end of the ball mill, then the drained liquid is distilled, and the absolute ethyl alcohol is recovered;
s3, drying the ball-milled mixture, adding an ignition agent and igniting, cooling the combusted mixture to room temperature, putting the dried mixture into a reaction kettle, dripping oil, mixing, stirring and reacting, carrying out reduction reaction on reactants, carrying out vibration screening after the reaction is finished, filling the screened powder into a female die on a forging press, matching with a main oil cylinder to drive a sliding block and a male die to slide downwards, matching with an electromagnet to carry out pressure maintaining on the male die, and carrying out high-temperature and high-pressure press forming on the powder; cooling to room temperature to obtain the neodymium iron boron magnetic material; in the prior art, when high-speed ball milling is carried out, impurities mixed in raw materials are exposed and ground into powder, the raw materials are polluted, additional screening is needed, time and labor are consumed, and meanwhile, dust flies during dry milling to be not beneficial to environmental protection; through the electro-magnet cooperation master cylinder, reduce the load of master cylinder, pressure stability when increasing the die pressurize simultaneously reduces the influence of leaking hydraulic oil to pressure in the master cylinder, further increases neodymium iron boron magnetism nature material's suppression quality.
Preferably, the forging press comprises a workbench and a guide pillar, one side of the workbench is fixedly connected with a feeding bin through a support, and the bottom of the feeding bin is rotatably connected with a discharging pipe; the top of the workbench is fixedly connected with a main oil cylinder through a guide pillar, the guide pillar is connected with a sliding block in a sliding manner, and a piston rod of the main oil cylinder is fixedly connected with the sliding block; the top of the workbench is fixedly connected with a female die, and the bottom of the sliding block is fixedly connected with a male die through an electromagnet at a position corresponding to the female die; the flexible cushion blocks are fixedly connected in the grooves formed in the two sides of the electromagnet, and the paste-shaped magnetic conductivity material is filled in the cavity formed in each cushion block; the electromagnet is matched with the main oil cylinder for pressure maintaining, the stability of pressure in the pressing process of the neodymium iron boron magnetic material is improved, meanwhile, the hollow cushion block is filled with the paste magnetic conductivity material, the cushion block is in contact with the female die before the electromagnet, the electromagnet magnetizes the paste magnetic conductivity material, the attraction effect of the electromagnet on the female die is improved, an oriented magnetic field is formed between the lower end face of an iron core of the electromagnet and the upper end face of the female die, the distance between the two end faces is called as an air gap of a magnetic circuit, the smaller the air gap is, the stronger the oriented magnetic field is, the smaller the air gap is, the air gap is reduced, the oriented magnetic field is increased, and the attraction force of the electromagnet on the female die is maximized.
Preferably, an auxiliary oil cylinder is arranged between one side of the workbench and the sliding block, and the end part of a piston rod of the auxiliary oil cylinder is fixedly connected with the sliding block; the rod cavity of the auxiliary oil cylinder is communicated with the cavity through a flexible pipe; the auxiliary oil cylinder is extruded when the sliding block slides downwards, so that the auxiliary oil cylinder can forcibly suck the magnetic conductive material in the cavity, and the pressing effect of the electromagnet matched with the main oil cylinder on the powder in the concave die is further improved.
Preferably, a group of steel ropes is arranged in the cavity, the steel ropes are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, and two ends of each steel rope are fixedly connected with the inner walls of the top and the bottom of the cavity respectively; through the opposite pulling of the two ends of the steel rope on the cushion blocks, the cushion blocks are limited from excessively pulling and deforming in the vertical direction, the shape of the cushion blocks is maintained, the deformation of the cushion blocks is reduced, the deformation damage of the cushion blocks caused by the extrusion of the contact surfaces of the male die and the female die is reduced, the flatness of the bottoms of the cushion blocks is further ensured, the magnetic field coverage area of magnetized magnetic conductive materials on the female die is increased, and the attraction force and the attraction stability are increased.
Preferably, the middle part of the steel rope is provided with an elastic rope, one end of the elastic rope is fixedly connected with the steel rope, and the other end of the elastic rope is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cavity on the side far away from the male die; compress tightly the cushion through suppression in-process electro-magnet for cushion thickness reduces and extrudes to the recess outside, and the elastic rope pulls the steel cable under pulling of self elasticity and cushion lateral wall deformation this moment, makes the steel cable fold to one side in order, reduces the winding of steel cable, avoids the steel cable to pile up the extrusion damage that rain does not change to the cushion.
Preferably, the middle part of the steel rope is sleeved with a tension spring, two ends of the tension spring are fixedly connected with the steel rope through fixing rings, and the steel rope between the two fixing rings is in a loose state in an initial state; the part of the steel rope in the tension spring is sleeved with an air bag, the diameter of the middle part of the air bag is smaller than that of the two ends of the air bag, and the air bag is connected with the steel rope in a sealing way; an air pipe is wrapped in the steel rope, one end of the air pipe is communicated with the air bag, the other end of the air pipe penetrates through the cushion block and then is communicated with the elastic spray pipe, and the bottom end of the spray pipe inclines towards the direction close to the center of the female die; tension spring is tensioned when steel rope is tensioned, so that the tension spring tightens the air bag, compressed air in the air bag is sprayed out through the air pipe and the spray pipe, and then powder remained on the top of the female die is blown to the center of the female die, the closing tightness of the male die and the female die is increased, and the density uniformity of powder pressing in the female die is further ensured.
Preferably, the elastic rope pulls the tension spring to be separated from the extrusion range of the electromagnet when the cushion block is squeezed to be flat; one side of the electromagnet is rotatably connected with a connecting rod through a support rod, the connecting rod is obliquely arranged, and the bottom end of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped scraper; a limiting pull line is fixedly connected between the connecting rod and the support rod; a group of recovery holes are formed in the workbench at one side of the female die, which is far away from the scraper, and a recovery box is fixedly connected to the bottom of the workbench at a position corresponding to the recovery holes; elasticity rope pulling extension spring breaks away from electro-magnet extrusion scope when squeezing flat through the cushion, avoid the pressure spring to be extruded the cushion of electro-magnet bottom position, it damages to reduce the cushion, when the electro-magnet whereabouts, the scraper blade of connecting rod bottom supports die top and scraping, strike off the unnecessary powder in die top, later the powder drops cyclic utilization in the collection box through retrieving the hole, further increase the suppression density homogeneity of powder in the die, guarantee that terrace die whereabouts suppression distance is the same, increase neodymium iron boron magnetism nature material's suppression precision.
Preferably, the bottom end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with a guide wheel, one side of the guide wheel, which is far away from the scraper, is provided with a cleaning roller, and the cleaning roller is rotatably connected with the connecting rod through a support; a belt in an 8-shaped arrangement is sleeved between the rotating shaft of the guide wheel and the rotating shaft of the cleaning roller; a group of bristles are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the cleaning roller; the cleaning roller is driven to rotate through the guide wheel, so that powder left by the scraper at the top of the female die is cleaned towards the middle of the female die by the cleaning roller, the closed tightness of the male die and the female die is further increased, and the density uniformity of powder pressing in the female die is ensured.
Preferably, the periphery of the guide wheel is sleeved with a rubber ring, and a group of magnetic blocks are uniformly distributed on the inner circumference of the rubber ring; a group of through holes are formed in the positions, close to the top, of the female die, corresponding to the guide wheels, and magnetic strips mutually attracted with the magnetic blocks are embedded in the through holes; the friction force between the guide wheel and the female die is increased through the rubber ring, and the guide wheel slip caused by residual powder on the top of the female die is further reduced by matching with the attraction of the magnetic block and the magnetic strip.
Preferably, the bristles are arc-shaped and arranged in a pairwise crossing manner to form a cleaning assembly, the end parts of the two bristles in the cleaning assembly are fixedly connected with an iron ball and a magnetic ball respectively, and the peripheries of the iron ball and the magnetic ball are wrapped with elastic buffer layers; mutual scraping when two brush hairs through intercrossing extrude, reduce remaining impurity on the brush hair, cooperation magnetism ball constantly with the attraction of iron ball, later the magnetism ball breaks away from with the iron ball under the attraction of magnetism strip, the brush hair that increases the shake drives iron ball and magnetism ball and to the hitting vibration effect of die, further guarantees the even closely knit distribution of powder in the die, increases neodymium iron boron magnetism nature material's suppression precision.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the preparation method of the neodymium iron boron magnetic material, the anhydrous ethanol is added into the ball mill, impurities are dissolved or suspended in the anhydrous ethanol, then the impurities are quickly separated, and meanwhile, the anhydrous ethanol is matched with steel balls in the ball mill to increase the efficiency of raw material flowing and grinding; through the electro-magnet cooperation master cylinder, reduce the load of master cylinder, pressure stability when increasing the die pressurize simultaneously reduces the influence of leaking hydraulic oil to pressure in the master cylinder, further increases neodymium iron boron magnetism nature material's suppression quality.
2. According to the preparation method of the neodymium iron boron magnetic material, the friction force between the guide wheel and the female die is increased through the rubber ring, and the guide wheel slip caused by residual powder on the top of the female die is further reduced by matching with the attraction of the magnetic block and the magnetic strip, so that the cleaning efficiency is increased.
Drawings
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the spacer of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5 at A;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the construction of the connecting rod and guide wheel of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 7 at B;
in the figure: the device comprises a forging press 1, a workbench 11, a guide post 12, a feeding bin 13, a discharging pipe 14, a main oil cylinder 15, a sliding block 16, a female die 2, an electromagnet 17, a male die 21, a groove 18, a cushion block 19, a cavity 22, a secondary oil cylinder 23, a flexible pipe 24, a steel rope 25, an elastic rope 26, a tension spring 27, a fixing ring 28, an air bag 29, an air pipe 3, a spray pipe 31, a support rod 32, a connecting rod 33, a scraper 34, a limiting pull wire 35, a recovery hole 36, a recovery box 37, a guide wheel 4, a cleaning roller 41, a belt 42, bristles 43, a rubber ring 44, a magnetic block 45, a magnetic strip 46, a cleaning assembly 47, an iron ball 48, a magnetic ball 49 and an elastic buffer layer 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the neodymium iron boron magnetic material according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, crushing ferric oxide, screening, removing impurity shafts, putting into a ball mill, filling absolute ethyl alcohol into the ball mill, and stopping filling when the volume of the absolute ethyl alcohol reaches one third of the volume of the ball mill; then starting a ball mill to grind and crush the ferric oxide;
s2, when the ferric oxide is ground and crushed, neodymium oxide and aluminum oxide of corresponding components are added in batches, then high-speed ball milling is carried out, the ball mill is drained at the grinding end of the ball mill, then the drained liquid is distilled, and the absolute ethyl alcohol is recovered;
s3, drying the ball-milled mixture, adding an ignition agent and igniting, cooling the combusted mixture to room temperature, putting the dried mixture into a reaction kettle, dripping oil, mixing, stirring and reacting, carrying out reduction reaction on reactants, carrying out vibration screening after the reaction is finished, filling the screened powder into a female die 2 on a forging press 1, matching with a main oil cylinder 15 to drive a sliding block 16 and a male die 21 to slide downwards, matching with an electromagnet 17 to carry out pressure maintaining on the male die 21, and carrying out high-temperature and high-pressure press forming on the powder; cooling to room temperature to obtain the neodymium iron boron magnetic material; in the prior art, when high-speed ball milling is carried out, impurities mixed in raw materials are exposed and ground into powder, the raw materials are polluted, additional screening is needed, time and labor are consumed, and meanwhile, dust flies during dry milling to be not beneficial to environmental protection; through the cooperation of electro-magnet 17 with master cylinder 15, reduce the load of master cylinder 15, pressure stability when increasing the die 2 pressurize simultaneously reduces the influence of leaking hydraulic oil to pressure in the master cylinder 15, further increases neodymium iron boron magnetism nature material's suppression quality.
As shown in fig. 2 to 3, the forging press 1 comprises a workbench 11 and a guide post 12, wherein one side of the workbench 11 is fixedly connected with a feeding bin 13 through a support, and the bottom of the feeding bin 13 is rotatably connected with a discharging pipe 14; the top of the workbench 11 is fixedly connected with a main oil cylinder 15 through a guide pillar 12, the guide pillar 12 is slidably connected with a sliding block 16, and a piston rod of the main oil cylinder 15 is fixedly connected with the sliding block 16; the top of the workbench 11 is fixedly connected with a female die 2, and the bottom of the sliding block 16 is fixedly connected with a male die 21 through an electromagnet 17 at a position corresponding to the female die 2; the flexible cushion blocks 19 are fixedly connected in the grooves 18 formed in the two sides of the electromagnet 17, and the cavities 22 formed in the cushion blocks 19 are filled with paste-shaped magnetic conductivity materials; the electromagnet 17 is matched with the main oil cylinder 15 for pressure maintaining, the stability of pressure in the pressing process of the neodymium iron boron magnetic material is improved, meanwhile, the hollow cushion block 19 is filled with the paste magnetic conductivity material, the cushion block 19 is in contact with the female die 2 before the electromagnet 17, the electromagnet 17 magnetizes the paste magnetic conductivity material, the attraction effect of the electromagnet 17 on the female die 2 is improved, an oriented magnetic field is formed between the lower end face of an iron core of the electromagnet 17 and the upper end face of the female die 2, the distance between the two end faces is called as an air gap of a magnetic circuit, the smaller the air gap is, the stronger the oriented magnetic field is, the smaller the air gap is, the air gap is reduced, the oriented magnetic field is increased, and the attraction force of the electromagnet 17 on the female die 2 is maximized.
As shown in fig. 4, an auxiliary oil cylinder 23 is arranged between one side of the workbench 11 and the sliding block 16, and the end of a piston rod of the auxiliary oil cylinder 23 is fixedly connected with the sliding block 16; the rod cavity of the auxiliary oil cylinder 23 is communicated with the cavity 22 through a flexible pipe 24; the auxiliary oil cylinder 23 is extruded when the sliding block 16 slides downwards, so that the auxiliary oil cylinder 23 forcibly sucks the magnetic material in the cavity 22, and the pressing effect of the electromagnet 17 matched with the main oil cylinder 15 on the powder in the female die 2 is further increased.
As shown in fig. 5, a set of steel cables 25 is arranged in the cavity 22, the steel cables 25 are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, and two ends of the steel cable 25 are fixedly connected with the top and bottom inner walls of the cavity 22 respectively; through the opposite pulling of the two ends of the steel rope 25 to the cushion block 19, the excessive pulling deformation of the cushion block 19 in the vertical direction is limited, the shape of the cushion block 19 is maintained, the extrusion damage of the contact surface of the convex die 21 and the concave die 2 after the cushion block 19 is deformed is reduced, the flatness of the bottom of the cushion block 19 is further ensured, the magnetic field coverage area of the magnetized magnetic conductivity material to the concave die 2 is increased, and the attraction force and the attraction stability are increased.
An elastic rope 26 is arranged in the middle of the steel rope 25, one end of the elastic rope 26 is fixedly connected with the steel rope 25, and the other end of the elastic rope 26 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cavity 22 at the side far away from the male die 21; the cushion block 19 is compressed by the electromagnet 17 in the pressing process, so that the thickness of the cushion block 19 is reduced and the cushion block is extruded out of the groove 18, the elastic rope 26 pulls the steel rope 25 under the pulling of the elasticity of the elastic rope and the deformation of the side wall of the cushion block 19, the steel rope 25 is folded to one side in order, the winding of the steel rope 25 is reduced, and the damage of the steel rope 25 caused by the accumulation of rain on the unchanged extrusion of the cushion block 19 is avoided.
As shown in fig. 6, a tension spring 27 is sleeved in the middle of the steel cable 25, two ends of the tension spring 27 are fixedly connected with the steel cable 25 through fixing rings 28, and the steel cable 25 between the two fixing rings 28 is in a loose state in an initial state; the part of the steel rope 25 positioned in the tension spring 27 is sleeved with an air bag 29, the diameter of the middle part of the air bag 29 is smaller than that of the two ends, and the air bag 29 is connected with the steel rope 25 in a sealing way; an air pipe 3 is wrapped in the steel rope 25, one end of the air pipe 3 is communicated with the air bag 29, the other end of the air pipe 3 penetrates through the cushion block 19 and then is communicated with an elastic spray pipe 31, and the bottom end of the spray pipe 31 inclines towards the direction close to the center of the female die 2; tension spring 27 is tensioned when steel rope 25 is tensioned, so that tension spring 27 tightens air bag 29, compressed air in air bag 29 is sprayed out through air pipe 3 and spray pipe 31, and then powder remaining on the top of female die 2 is blown to the center of female die 2, the closing tightness of male die 21 and female die 2 is increased, and the uniformity of the powder pressing density in female die 2 is further ensured.
As shown in fig. 7, when the cushion block 19 is squeezed, the elastic rope 26 pulls the tension spring 27 to be out of the squeezing range of the electromagnet 17; one side of the electromagnet 17 is rotatably connected with a connecting rod 33 through a support rod 32, the connecting rod 33 is obliquely arranged, and the bottom end of the connecting rod 33 is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped scraper 34; a limit stay wire 35 is fixedly connected between the connecting rod 33 and the support rod 32; a group of recovery holes 36 are formed in the workbench 11 on one side, away from the scraper 34, of the female die 2, and a recovery box 37 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the workbench 11 at a position corresponding to the recovery holes 36; elastic rope 26 pulling extension spring 27 breaks away from electro-magnet 17 extrusion scope when squeezing flat through cushion 19, avoid the pressure spring to be extruded the cushion 19 at electro-magnet 17 bottom position, reduce cushion 19 and damage, when electro-magnet 17 whereabouts, the scraper blade 34 of connecting rod 33 bottom supports die 2 top and scrapes, strike off the unnecessary powder in die 2 top, later the powder drops cyclic utilization in collection box 37 through recovery hole 36, further increase the suppression density homogeneity of powder in die 2, guarantee that terrace die 21 whereabouts suppression distance is the same, increase neodymium iron boron magnetic material's suppression precision.
The bottom end of the connecting rod 33 is rotatably connected with a guide wheel 4, one side of the guide wheel 4, which is far away from the scraper 34, is provided with a cleaning roller 41, and the cleaning roller 41 is rotatably connected with the connecting rod 33 through a bracket; a belt 42 which is arranged in an 8 shape is sleeved between the rotating shaft of the guide wheel 4 and the rotating shaft of the cleaning roller 41; a group of bristles 43 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the cleaning roller 41; drive cleaning roller 41 through guide pulley 4 and rotate for cleaning roller 41 cleans the powder that die 2 top scraper blade 34 was omitted to die 2 middle part, further increases the closed tightness of terrace die 21 and die 2, guarantees the density homogeneity of powder suppression in the die 2.
The periphery of the guide wheel 4 is sleeved with a rubber ring 44, and a group of magnetic blocks 45 are uniformly distributed on the inner circumference of the rubber ring 44; a group of through holes are formed in the positions, close to the top, of the female die 2 and corresponding to the guide wheel 4, and magnetic strips 46 mutually attracted with the magnetic blocks 45 are embedded in the through holes; the friction force between the guide wheel 4 and the female die 2 is increased through the rubber ring 44, and the guide wheel 4 is further reduced from slipping caused by residual powder on the top of the female die 2 by matching with the attraction of the magnetic block 45 and the magnetic strip 46.
Example two
As shown in fig. 8, a first comparative example, in which another embodiment of the present invention is: the bristles 43 are arc-shaped and arranged in a pairwise crossing manner to form a cleaning assembly 47, the end parts of the two bristles 43 in the cleaning assembly 47 are fixedly connected with an iron ball 48 and a magnetic ball 49 respectively, and the peripheries of the iron ball 48 and the magnetic ball 49 are wrapped with an elastic buffer layer 5; scrape each other when two brush hairs 43 through intercrossing extrude, reduce remaining impurity on the brush hair 43, cooperation magnetism ball 49 constantly with iron ball 48's attraction, later the magnetism ball breaks away from with iron ball 48 under magnetism strip 46's attraction, increase the brush hair 43 of shake and drive iron ball 48 and magnetism ball 49 and to the hitting vibration effect of die 2, further guarantee the even closely knit distribution of powder in the die 2, increase neodymium iron boron magnetism nature material's pressing precision.
When the ball mill works, the absolute ethyl alcohol is added into the ball mill, impurities are dissolved or suspended in the absolute ethyl alcohol, then the absolute ethyl alcohol is quickly separated, and meanwhile, the absolute ethyl alcohol is matched with steel balls in the ball mill to increase the efficiency of raw material flowing and grinding; the electromagnet 17 is matched with the main oil cylinder 15, so that the load of the main oil cylinder 15 is reduced, the pressure stability of the female die 2 during pressure maintaining is improved, the influence of hydraulic oil leaking in the main oil cylinder 15 on the pressure is reduced, and the pressing quality of the neodymium iron boron magnetic material is further improved; the electromagnet 17 is matched with the main oil cylinder 15 for pressure maintaining, the stability of pressure in the pressing process of the neodymium iron boron magnetic material is improved, meanwhile, the hollow cushion block 19 is filled with the paste magnetic conductivity material, the cushion block 19 is in contact with the female die 2 before the electromagnet 17, the electromagnet 17 magnetizes the paste magnetic conductivity material, the attraction effect of the electromagnet 17 on the female die 2 is improved, an oriented magnetic field is formed between the lower end face of an iron core of the electromagnet 17 and the upper end face of the female die 2, the distance between the two end faces is called as an air gap of a magnetic circuit, the smaller the air gap is, the stronger the oriented magnetic field is, the smaller the air gap is, the air gap is reduced, the oriented magnetic field is increased, and the attraction force of the electromagnet 17 on the female die 2 is maximized; the auxiliary oil cylinder 23 is extruded when the sliding block 16 slides downwards, so that the auxiliary oil cylinder 23 forcibly sucks the magnetic material in the cavity 22, and the pressing effect of the electromagnet 17 matched with the main oil cylinder 15 on the powder in the female die 2 is further increased; the cushion blocks 19 are prevented from excessively pulling and deforming in the vertical direction through the opposite pulling of the two ends of the steel rope 25 to the cushion blocks 19, the shape of the cushion blocks 19 is maintained, the damage caused by the extrusion of the contact surfaces of the male die 21 and the female die 2 after the cushion blocks 19 deform is reduced, the flatness of the bottoms of the cushion blocks 19 is further ensured, the magnetic field coverage area of magnetized magnetic conductivity materials to the female die 2 is increased, and the attraction force and the attraction stability are increased; the cushion block 19 is compressed by the electromagnet 17 in the pressing process, so that the thickness of the cushion block 19 is reduced and the cushion block is extruded out of the groove 18, at the moment, the elastic rope 26 pulls the steel rope 25 under the self elasticity and the deformation of the side wall of the cushion block 19, the steel rope 25 is folded to one side in order, the winding of the steel rope 25 is reduced, and the unchanged extrusion damage of rain accumulated on the steel rope 25 to the cushion block 19 is avoided; when the steel rope 25 is tensioned, the tension spring 27 is tensioned, so that the tension spring 27 tightens the air bag 29, compressed air in the air bag 29 is sprayed out through the air pipe 3 and the spray pipe 31, and then powder remaining on the top of the female die 2 is blown to the center of the female die 2, the closing tightness of the male die 21 and the female die 2 is increased, and the density uniformity of powder pressing in the female die 2 is further ensured; when the cushion block 19 is squeezed to be flat, the elastic rope 26 pulls the tension spring 27 to be separated from the extrusion range of the electromagnet 17, the compression spring is prevented from being extruded to the cushion block 19 at the bottom of the electromagnet 17, damage to the cushion block 19 is reduced, when the electromagnet 17 falls, the scraper 34 at the bottom of the connecting rod 33 abuts against and scrapes the top of the female die 2, redundant powder at the top of the female die 2 is scraped, then the powder falls through the recovery hole 36 and is recycled in the recovery box 37, the uniformity of the pressing density of the powder in the female die 2 is further improved, the same falling pressing distance of the male die 21 is ensured, and the pressing precision of the neodymium iron boron magnetic material is improved; the guide wheel 4 drives the cleaning roller 41 to rotate, so that the cleaning roller 41 cleans powder left by the scraper 34 at the top of the female die 2 towards the middle of the female die 2, the closing tightness of the male die 21 and the female die 2 is further increased, and the density uniformity of powder pressing in the female die 2 is ensured; the friction force between the guide wheel 4 and the female die 2 is increased through the rubber ring 44, and the guide wheel 4 is further reduced from slipping caused by residual powder on the top of the female die 2 by matching with the attraction of the magnetic block 45 and the magnetic strip 46.
The front, the back, the left, the right, the upper and the lower are all based on figure 1 in the attached drawings of the specification, according to the standard of the observation angle of a person, the side of the device facing an observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and the like.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a neodymium iron boron magnetic material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing ferric oxide, screening, removing impurity shafts, putting into a ball mill, filling absolute ethyl alcohol into the ball mill, and stopping filling when the volume of the absolute ethyl alcohol reaches one third of the volume of the ball mill; then starting a ball mill to grind and crush the ferric oxide;
s2, when the ferric oxide is ground and crushed, neodymium oxide and aluminum oxide of corresponding components are added in batches, then high-speed ball milling is carried out, the ball mill is drained at the grinding end of the ball mill, then the drained liquid is distilled, and the absolute ethyl alcohol is recovered;
s3, drying the ball-milled mixture, adding an ignition agent and igniting, cooling the combusted mixture to room temperature, putting the dried mixture into a reaction kettle, dripping oil, mixing, stirring and reacting, carrying out reduction reaction on reactants, carrying out vibration screening after the reaction is finished, filling the screened powder into a female die (2) on a forging press (1), matching with a main oil cylinder (15) to drive a sliding block (16) and a male die (21) to slide downwards, matching with an electromagnet (17) to carry out pressure maintaining on the male die (21), and carrying out high-temperature and high-pressure press forming on the powder; cooling to room temperature to obtain the neodymium iron boron magnetic material.
2. The method for preparing neodymium iron boron magnetic material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the forging press (1) comprises a workbench (11) and a guide post (12), one side of the workbench (11) is fixedly connected with a feeding bin (13) through a support, and the bottom of the feeding bin (13) is rotatably connected with a discharging pipe (14); the top of the workbench (11) is fixedly connected with a main oil cylinder (15) through a guide pillar (12), a sliding block (16) is connected on the guide pillar (12) in a sliding manner, and a piston rod of the main oil cylinder (15) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (16); the top of the workbench (11) is fixedly connected with a female die (2), and the bottom of the sliding block (16) is fixedly connected with a male die (21) through an electromagnet (17) at a position corresponding to the female die (2); the flexible cushion blocks (19) are fixedly connected in grooves (18) formed in two sides of the electromagnet (17), and paste-shaped magnetic conductivity materials are filled in cavities (22) formed in the cushion blocks (19).
3. The method for preparing neodymium iron boron magnetic material according to claim 2, characterized in that: an auxiliary oil cylinder (23) is arranged between one side of the workbench (11) and the sliding block (16), and the end part of a piston rod of the auxiliary oil cylinder (23) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (16); the rod cavity of the auxiliary oil cylinder (23) is communicated with the cavity (22) through a flexible pipe (24).
4. The method for preparing neodymium iron boron magnetic material according to claim 2, characterized in that: a group of steel ropes (25) are arranged in the cavity (22), the steel ropes (25) are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, and two ends of each steel rope (25) are fixedly connected with the inner walls of the top and the bottom of the cavity (22) respectively.
5. The method for preparing neodymium iron boron magnetic material according to claim 4, characterized in that: an elastic rope (26) is arranged in the middle of the steel rope (25), one end of the elastic rope (26) is fixedly connected with the steel rope (25), and the other end of the elastic rope is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cavity (22) far away from one side of the male die (21).
6. The method for preparing neodymium iron boron magnetic material according to claim 4, characterized in that: a tension spring (27) is sleeved in the middle of the steel rope (25), two ends of the tension spring (27) are fixedly connected with the steel rope (25) through fixing rings (28), and the steel rope (25) between the two fixing rings (28) is in a loose state in an initial state; the part of the steel rope (25) positioned in the tension spring (27) is sleeved with an air bag (29), the diameter of the middle part of the air bag (29) is smaller than that of the two ends, and the air bag (29) is hermetically connected with the steel rope (25); an air pipe (3) is wrapped in the steel rope (25), one end of the air pipe (3) is communicated with the air bag (29), the other end of the air pipe penetrates through the cushion block (19) and then is communicated with the elastic spray pipe (31), and the bottom end of the spray pipe (31) inclines towards the direction close to the center of the female die (2).
7. The method for preparing neodymium iron boron magnetic material according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the cushion block (19) is squeezed to be flat, the elastic rope (26) pulls the tension spring (27) to be separated from the squeezing range of the electromagnet (17); one side of the electromagnet (17) is rotatably connected with a connecting rod (33) through a support rod (32), the connecting rod (33) is obliquely arranged, and the bottom end of the connecting rod (33) is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped scraper (34); a limiting pull wire (35) is fixedly connected between the connecting rod (33) and the support rod (32); a set of recovery holes (36) are formed in the workbench (11) on one side, away from the scraper (34), of the female die (2), and a recovery box (37) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the workbench (11) and corresponds to the recovery holes (36).
8. The method for preparing neodymium iron boron magnetic material according to claim 7, characterized in that: the bottom end of the connecting rod (33) is rotatably connected with a guide wheel (4), one side, away from the scraper (34), of the guide wheel (4) is provided with a cleaning roller (41), and the cleaning roller (41) is rotatably connected with the connecting rod (33) through a support; a 8-shaped belt (42) is sleeved between the rotating shaft of the guide wheel (4) and the rotating shaft of the cleaning roller (41); a group of brush hairs (43) are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the cleaning roller (41).
9. The method for preparing neodymium iron boron magnetic material according to claim 8, characterized in that: a rubber ring (44) is sleeved on the periphery of the guide wheel (4), and a group of magnetic blocks (45) are uniformly distributed on the inner circumference of the rubber ring (44); a group of through holes are formed in the position, close to the top, of the female die (2) and corresponding to the guide wheel (4), and magnetic strips (46) which are mutually attracted with the magnetic blocks (45) are embedded in the through holes.
10. The method for preparing neodymium iron boron magnetic material according to claim 9, characterized in that: the brush hair (43) are arc-shaped and two liang of cross arrangement forms clearance subassembly (47), and two brush hair (43) tip in clearance subassembly (47) have linked firmly iron ball (48) and magnetic ball (49) respectively, and iron ball (48) and magnetic ball (49) periphery parcel have elastic buffer layer (5).
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Cited By (1)
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