CN114192571B - Infinitesimal reactor for enhanced natural degradation treatment of organic contaminated soil and construction method - Google Patents
Infinitesimal reactor for enhanced natural degradation treatment of organic contaminated soil and construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of bioremediation of organic contaminated soil, and further relates to a micro-element reactor for enhanced natural degradation treatment of organic contaminated soil and a construction method thereof. The micro-element reactor is composed of a water culture and conditioning layer and a biodegradable layer, and a geotextile is additionally arranged between the two layers; wherein the water nutrition regulating layer is composed of clean clay soil, bentonite and water nutrition preparation; the biodegradation layer consists of slightly polluted soil, turfy soil and functional microbial agent. The micro-element reactor provided by the invention combines the management and control treatment of the polluted site with the natural degradation and restoration process, and has good application prospect for safe development and recycling of the site.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bioremediation of organic contaminated soil, and further relates to a micro-element reactor for enhanced natural degradation treatment of organic contaminated soil and a construction method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of the industrialization process, when reasonable planning is combined with urban layout, a plurality of chemical plants established in early stage are moved to a factory area successively and are concentrated to be developed far away from a main urban area of a city, and most of the left original site areas are located in the urban area of the city and are accompanied with the problem of soil pollution.
Aiming at the problem of site pollution in urban areas, residential houses exist around the site, and development requirements of the polluted site also exist, so that treatment requirements of the polluted site are urgent, but secondary pollution threats are easily caused in a general disposal process. Although the ex-situ remediation technology adopting the dredging disposal mode can thoroughly remove pollution factors from a polluted site, pollution diffusion is easily caused in the dredging process, potential human health risk problems are brought to surrounding residents, the ex-situ disposal cost is high, and the economic burden is increased. To this, adopt risk management and control to deal with the measure, effectively keep apart to polluting the place region, can realize the safe utilization of regional top. Therefore, although the low-cost safe disposal and utilization of the polluted site at the present stage are realized, the pollution factors in the site are not effectively reduced, and the exposure risk of the potential pollution factors in the original polluted area is continuously increased along with the extension of the utilization time of the site, so that the potential pollution factors always become a potential pollution safety hazard.
In order to efficiently, economically and reliably realize safe disposal of a polluted site and safe development and utilization of an area where the site is located, and simultaneously realize safe blocking control and effective degradation removal of a pollution factor, blocking measures and a reinforced biodegradation process can be combined, and the aims of continuous degradation and safe control of the pollution factor are achieved by constructing a continuous and stable microbial metabolism microenvironment in-situ soil. To this, this patent provides a have pollution factor separation control concurrently and strengthens natural degradation process's infinitesimal reactor, utilizes infinitesimal reactor to last to carrying nutrient substance and functional microorganism in the contaminated soil layer through the material exchange process, will exchange simultaneously to the inside pollution factor of infinitesimal reactor and strengthen biodegradable, and then progressively realizes lasting pollution factor degradation process. The infinitesimal reactor is safe and reliable in-situ treatment and application aiming at the polluted area, and has good application and popularization prospects.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a micro-element reactor for strengthening natural degradation of organic contaminated soil and a construction method and application thereof
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a micro-element reactor for strengthening natural degradation treatment of organic contaminated soil is provided, wherein the micro-element reactor comprises a water-nutrient regulating layer and a biodegradable layer, and geotextile is additionally arranged between the water-nutrient regulating layer and the biodegradable layer; wherein the water-nourishing regulating layer is composed of clean clay soil, bentonite and a water-nourishing preparation;
the biodegradable layer is composed of slightly polluted soil, turfy soil and functional microbial agent.
The micro-element reactor is constructed in situ in the polluted soil to be treated, wherein a biodegradation layer in the reactor is arranged on the polluted soil.
The water-retaining conditioning layer and the biodegradable layer are separated by geotextile, and the geotextile has a mass per unit area of 400-600 g/m 2 。
The total permeability coefficient of the water nutrient regulating layer reaches 1-5 multiplied by 10 -6 cm/s, the initial water content reaches 40-90% of the maximum water holding capacity of the whole material, and the proper thickness range of the water-nourishing regulating layer reaches 300-500 mm; which consists of clean clay soil, bentonite and a water nutrient preparation,
the clean clay soil accounts for 70-85% (w/w) of the water nutrient layer, wherein the components with the particle size of less than 0.002mm in the clean clay soil account for 25-65% (w/w) of the clean clay soil;
the bentonite accounts for 10-20% (w/w) of the water-retaining and conditioning layer, and is sodium bentonite with the particle size range of 200-300 meshes;
the water-nourishing preparation accounts for 5-10% (w/w) of the water-nourishing regulating layer and is composed of industrial grade (NH) 4 ) 3 PO 3 Industrial grade KNO 3 And straw biochar; wherein, after the addition, the quick-acting nitrogen content in the mixed material reaches 200-300 mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content reaches 80-120 mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content reaches 1000-1500 mg/kg, and the soluble organic carbon content reaches 200-500 mg/kg;
the thickness of the biodegradable layer is 500-800 mm, and the biodegradable layer is composed of slightly polluted soil, turfy soil and functional microbial agent;
the slightly polluted soil accounts for 70-85% (w/w) of the biodegradable layer; after the corresponding content of the target pollutant to be treated in the soil is applied to clean soil and incubated for 120 hours, the fatality rate of the abundance of the indigenous microorganisms in the soil is not more than 50% of the initial content, namely the content of the target pollutant is not more than the EC50 value of the lethal effect of the indigenous microorganisms;
the turfy soil accounts for 10-25% (w/w) of the biodegradable layer; wherein the organic matter content of the turfy soil is more than or equal to 30 percent (w/w).
The functional microbial agent accounts for 5-10% (w/w) of the biodegradable layer.
The functional microbial agent can be any bacterial strain with organic pollutant degradation capability.
The construction method of the micro-element reactor for the reinforced natural degradation treatment of the organic contaminated soil comprises the steps of digging on the contaminated soil to be treated, and then sequentially adding a biodegradation layer, geotextile and a water-curing and regulating layer.
The application of the micro-element reactor for the reinforced natural degradation treatment of the organic contaminated soil is that the reactor is built in situ in the contaminated soil to be treated and is applied to the reinforced natural degradation treatment of the contaminated soil in situ.
The water and nutrient substances are slowly released to the biodegradable layer through the water nutrient and regulation layer in the micro-element reactor, so that the stable habitat in the biodegradable layer is ensured, and the enhanced natural degradation of organic pollutants in the polluted soil layer is realized through pollutant migration and substance exchange modes between the biodegradable layer and the polluted soil layer.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) The micro-element reactor is composed of a water nutrition regulating layer and a biodegradation layer, wherein the water nutrition regulating layer has the functions of preventing pollutants at the lower part of the water nutrition regulating layer from being upwards diffused and exposed and keeping a stable and continuous microbial degradation environment in the biodegradation layer;
2) The water nutrient regulating layer has the functions of slowly releasing moisture, quick-acting nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus, quick-acting potassium and soluble organic carbon into the biodegradable layer, and ensures that nutrient substances required by microbial metabolism in the biodegradable layer are sufficient and stable;
3) The biodegradable layer has the function that organic pollutants can be rapidly metabolized, degraded and removed when the pollutants in the polluted soil at the lower part of the biodegradable layer are upwards exchanged or diffused into the biodegradable layer, and meanwhile, functional microorganisms contained in the biodegradable layer also have the function of migrating and replenishing the functional microorganisms into the polluted soil layer, so that the natural degradation process of the organic pollutants in the polluted soil layer is strengthened;
4) The biodegradation layer generally represents the construction of a biodegradation barrier through the self biodegradation effect and the natural degradation effect of an enhanced in-situ polluted soil layer, and sustainably maintains good microbial degradation environment and enhances the natural degradation function by utilizing the sustained and slow-release water nutrient supply condition;
5) The biodegradable layer comprises slightly polluted soil components, so that the sustained metabolic activity of functional microorganisms aiming at pollution factors in the polluted soil at the lower part of the biodegradable layer is favorably maintained, and as the metabolic functions of organic pollutants of most microorganisms are inducible activities, once the pollution factors are lost as inducers, the degradation capability of the microorganisms is lost or weakened, and the degradation activity of the functional microorganisms is difficult to maintain under long-term conditions, the slightly polluted soil can be utilized to better maintain the microbial remediation function, and the slightly polluted soil is one of the embodiment forms for strengthening natural degradation;
6) The geotextile positioned between the water nutrient adjustment layer and the biodegradable layer has the function of maintaining the stable structure of the biodegradable layer, and meanwhile, the water permeability of the geotextile further ensures that the uniform water nutrient supply adjustment is carried out in the biodegradable layer;
7) The infinitesimal reactor technology provided by the invention can be infinitely amplified according to the area of a polluted site or a polluted area, and the enhanced natural degradation effect on the in-situ polluted soil can be realized by completely covering the polluted area.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a micro-element reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a design drawing of a pilot test of the reinforced natural degradation disposal of SVOCs contaminated soil by using the micro-element reactor provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change in the content of SVOCs in the biodegradable layer of the small test provided in the examples of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the content variation of SVOCs in a soil layer contaminated by a small test provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an application of a pilot scale test micro-reactor in an SVOCs contaminated site according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The micro-element reactor is constructed by stacking and compacting a water-nutrient adjusting layer, geotextile and a biodegradable layer from top to bottom, wherein the water-nutrient adjusting layer is prepared by mixing clean clay soil, bentonite and a water-nutrient preparation, and the total permeability coefficient reaches 1-5 multiplied by 10 -6 cm/s, and has the functions of holding water and nutrients, slowly releasing, supplying to a biodegradable layer and blocking pollutants; the biodegradable layer is made of slightly polluted soil, turfy soil and functional microorganismsThe microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing and blending, and has the functions of degrading organic pollutants and strengthening the natural degradation of the organic pollutants in the polluted soil layer below the microbial inoculum. Covering the complete polluted area with the micro-reactor, and realizing the reinforced natural degradation treatment process for the whole polluted site through the vertical migration of pollutants and the microbial metabolism process.
The micro-element reactor for the reinforced natural degradation treatment of the organic contaminated soil obtains better application effect in small and pilot scale tests of the SVOCs contaminated soil, realizes the metabolic degradation of an organic contaminated site by microorganisms under natural conditions, and realizes the reinforcing effect of the process.
Example 1 bench test of a micro-element reactor for enhanced natural degradation treatment of SVOCs contaminated soil
After a certain coking plant in the north is closed, SVOCs pollution condition exists in original site soil of a plant area, a park green land is built in the original plant area according to the planning design of the site of the plant area, and the polluted area is urgently needed to be treated and repaired in order to meet the soil quality requirement of the park land. In view of the fact that the ex-situ remediation treatment process mainly based on dredging is high in cost and combined with land use planning characteristics, no deep dredging construction requirements exist in the field in the future, and therefore comprehensive analysis is conducted, and the optimal treatment cost advantage is achieved by adopting a mode of combining in-situ blocking control and remediation.
Based on this, set up this embodiment infinitesimal reactor, through the processing technology of strengthening the natural degradation, with the help of the dual function of separation management and control biodegradable to realize high-efficient low consumption's place and administer. In order to explore the applicability of the technology to the disposal of such contaminated sites, a bench test is firstly adopted to evaluate the application effect of the micro-reactor technology. The micro-element reactor is composed of a water nutrition adjusting layer, geotechnical cloth, a biodegradation layer and a polluted soil layer as shown in figure 1, so that the micro-element reactor can strengthen natural degradation.
The reaction device of the small test is a specially-made long-term treatment device aiming at the evaluation effect of the small test. The reactor is designed as shown in FIG. 2, and is designed into a cylindrical structure with a total height of 120cm and a cross-sectional diameterFor 20cm, the inside constitution of cylinder is from top to bottom respectively: a water replenishing space with the height of 5cm is reserved at the top, a clean soil layer with the height of 5cm is arranged close to the lower part of the water replenishing space, a water nutrition adjusting layer is arranged below the clean soil layer, and the water nutrition adjusting layer is formed by mixing 80wt% of clean clay soil, 15wt% of 300-mesh bentonite and a water nutrition preparation; wherein the clay soil is cleaned<The proportion of the 0.002mm component is 38% (w/w), and the balance is water nutrition preparation; the water-based nutrient preparation is prepared from industrial grade (NH) 4 ) 3 PO 3 Industrial grade KNO 3 And straw biochar, wherein the quick-acting nitrogen content reaches 265mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus content reaches 110mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium content reaches 1230mg/kg, the soluble organic carbon content reaches 370mg/kg, the uniformly mixed materials are filled into a cylinder device, and the total permeability coefficient reaches 3.5 multiplied by 10 -6 cm/s, the water content reaches 65 percent of the maximum water holding capacity, and the total thickness of the water-supply regulating layer is 300mm.
The geotechnical cloth is arranged below the water-curing and regulating layer in the test device, is cut into a disc shape with the diameter of 20cm and is tightly attached to the water-curing and regulating layer and the biodegradable layer, and the geotechnical cloth is selected from the geotechnical cloth with the mass of 400g/m 2 The material of (1).
The lower layer of the geotextile is a biodegradable layer, and the biodegradable layer consists of 75wt% of slightly polluted soil, 20wt% of turfy soil and the balance of functional microbial agent; wherein the types of SVOCs pollution factors in the slightly polluted soil are benzo [ a ] respectively]Anthracene (24.6 mg/kg), benzo [ a ]]Pyrene (2.4 mg/kg), naphthalene (98.3 mg/kg), dibenzo [ a, h]Anthracene (3.06 mg/kg), through preliminary experiment detection, the pollution factor is mixed into clean soil according to the above dosage, and the initial microbial abundance in the soil reaches 3.5 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g dry soil, after culturing for 120h, the abundance of microorganisms in the polluted soil reaches 2.3 multiplied by 10 8 CFU/g dry soil, which is 66% of the initial content, accords with the condition of slightly polluted soil; the turfy soil contains 34.1 percent of substances, the functional microbial agent is a microorganism with high-ring-number polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation activity, the inoculation amount reaches 5.6 percent by weight, and the functional microbial agent comprises Bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus licheniformis and sphingomonas(Sphingomonas sp.), the strains are activated in a conventional way and mixed according to the equal volume ratio after being activated; the total thickness of the biodegradable layer reaches 500mm, and meanwhile, an aeration pipeline is arranged in the biodegradable layer, is externally connected with an air pump, and is subjected to aeration treatment once every 30 to 40 days.
The above strains are known strains and are commercially available, or strains described in the literature are available in public distribution channels.
The part below the biodegradable layer is a contaminated soil layer, SVOCs pollution factors and content in the contaminated soil layer are shown in table 1, and the thickness of the contaminated soil layer reaches 300mm.
TABLE 1
And after the materials in the device are filled, the blocking and natural degradation monitoring management is started. The experiment period lasts for two years, the monitoring period is 720 days in total, the sample collection is carried out once every 60 days, and the samples of the surface clean soil layer, the biodegradation layer and the polluted soil layer are respectively collected to carry out the content determination of each pollution factor of the SVOCs. The monitoring results are shown in fig. 3 and 4. The result shows that the four pollutants are not detected in the clean soil layer, the content of each type of pollution factor in the biodegradable layer is increased and then reduced, and the content of each pollution factor in the polluted soil layer is gradually reduced within two years, which shows that the pollution factors are removed through the natural degradation action in the biodegradable layer and the polluted soil layer respectively, the removal rates of benzo [ a ] anthracene, benzo [ a ] pyrene, naphthalene and dibenzo [ a, h ] anthracene in the polluted soil layer reach 69.1%, 67.1%, 63.7% and 77.3% respectively, and the content of the four pollution factors in the polluted soil layer meets the requirement of the screening value of the second type of building land; in the control contaminated soil group without any treatment measures, the removal rate range of the four pollution factors is only 16.2-25.7%, and thus, in the natural degradation process, the micro-element reactor technology obviously realizes the reinforcement effect on the natural degradation.
In conclusion, the micro-element reactor technology effectively realizes the reinforced natural degradation of the organic contaminated soil in the small-scale test process through the functions of blocking and reinforcing natural degradation, and shows good application potential.
Example 2 Pilot test of a micro-reactor for enhanced Natural degradation treatment of SVOCs contaminated soil
Based on the data characteristics of the pilot test, in order to further evaluate the practical application effect of the micro-element reactor technology in the site-level polluted soil environment, the disposal range with the area of 5m multiplied by 5m is defined in the original plant area of the certain coke-oven plant, and the pilot test disposal of the micro-element reactor technology is carried out. The maximum pollution depth of the site pollution area reaches 6.5m underground, and the concentration distribution ranges of pollution factors are 23.7-48.2 mg/kg of benzo [ a ] anthracene (average value 36.7 mg/kg), 2.1-6.2 mg/kg of benzo [ a ] pyrene (average value 4.3 mg/kg), 86.7-273.2 mg/kg of naphthalene (average value 194.8 mg/kg) and 2.3-8.5 mg/kg of dibenzo [ a, h ] anthracene (average value 5.8 mg/kg).
Referring to fig. 5, a micro-element reactor is constructed in the original area of a certain coke-oven plant, specifically: firstly, partial excavation is carried out, the excavation depth reaches 130cm, and then a biodegradation layer (800 mm thick) and geotextile (400 g/m) are sequentially added 2 ) The water culture and conditioning layer (300 mm thick) and the surface layer cleaning soil layer (200 mm thick), aiming at the construction of the biodegradation layer and the water culture and conditioning layer, the preparation of the mixed material is basically consistent with the composition of each material in a small test. Wherein, the difference includes: the water content of the total materials in the water-curing and regulating layer reaches 56% of the saturated water content, and the permeability coefficient of the compacted materials reaches 2.3 multiplied by 10 -6 cm/s, the inoculation amount of the functional microbial agent in the mixed material of the biodegradable layer reaches 7.3 percent, and regular aeration treatment is not provided in the biodegradable layer.
And after the field layout is finished, the pilot test area management is still carried out in a long-term monitoring mode. Sampling monitoring at different depths is carried out every 30 days in the management process, the sampling depths are set to be 10cm, 40cm, 90cm and 150cm in sequence, and the monitoring period is 360 days. The monitoring result of a pilot test shows that samples with the depth of 10cm all detect the existence of four pollution factors, a small amount of pollutants are detected at the positions of 40cm and 90cm, but the contents of the four pollution factors at the position of 150cm do not exceed the screening value standard of two types of construction sites (table 1), the contents of the four pollution factors at the position of 150cm respectively reach 28.2mg/kg of benzo [ a ] anthracene, 3.1mg/kg of benzo [ a ] pyrene, 146.7mg/kg of naphthalene and 4.7mg/kg of dibenzo [ a, h ] anthracene, and the removal rates of the total pollution factors are 23.2%, 27.5%, 24.7% and 19.2% in sequence by taking the initial mean value content as a reference. In contrast to the control group, in the area where the micro-reactor technology is not performed, the natural degradation rate of the pollution factor is only 5.3% -9.3%.
To sum up, the treatment process of the organic contaminated soil micro-reactor effectively realizes the enhanced natural degradation treatment process of organic pollutants such as SVOCs pollution factors in pilot plant practice application, provides good use experience for large-scale popularization and application, and provides excellent technical reserve resources for low-cost and high-efficiency contaminated soil treatment technical markets.
Claims (6)
1. A micro-element reactor for strengthening natural degradation treatment of organic contaminated soil is characterized in that: the micro reactor is a water-curing and mixing layer and a biodegradable layer, and a geotextile is additionally arranged between the two layers; wherein the water-nourishing regulating layer is composed of clean clay soil, bentonite and a water-nourishing preparation;
the biodegradation layer consists of slightly polluted soil, turfy soil and functional microbial agent;
the micro reactor is constructed in situ in the polluted soil to be treated, wherein a biodegradable layer in the reactor is arranged on the polluted soil;
the thickness of the biodegradable layer is preferably 500 to 800mm, and the biodegradable layer is composed of slightly polluted soil, turfy soil and a functional microbial agent;
the slightly polluted soil accounts for 70-85% (w/w) of the biodegradable layer; the slightly polluted soil is a target pollutant to be treated in the soil, and after the corresponding content of the slightly polluted soil is applied to clean soil and incubated for 120h, the lethality of the abundance of indigenous microorganisms in the soil is enabled not to exceed 50% of the initial content, namely the content of the target pollutant is enabled not to exceed the EC50 value of the lethal effect of the indigenous microorganisms;
the turfy soil accounts for 10% -25% (w/w) of the biodegradable layer;
the functional microbial agent accounts for 5-10% (w/w) of the biodegradable layer.
2. The micro-reactor for enhanced natural degradation treatment of organic contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water-retaining regulation layer and the biodegradable layer are separated by geotextile, and the geotextile has the mass per unit area of 400 to 600g/m 2 。
3. The micro-reactor for enhanced natural degradation treatment of organic contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the total permeability coefficient of the water nutrient regulating layer after being prepared reaches 1~5 multiplied by 10 -6 cm/s, the initial water content is 40-90% of the maximum water holding capacity of the whole material, and the proper thickness range of the water-curing and regulating layer is 300-500 mm; which consists of clean clay soil, bentonite and a water nourishing preparation,
the clean clay soil accounts for 70% -85% (w/w) of the water nutrient layer, wherein the components with the grain diameter of less than 0.002mm in the clean clay soil account for 25% -65% (w/w) of the clean clay soil;
the bentonite accounts for 10-20% (w/w) of the water nutrient adjusting layer, and is sodium bentonite with the particle size ranging from 200-300 meshes;
the water-nourishing preparation accounts for 5-10% (w/w) of the water-nourishing regulation layer and is prepared from industrial grade (NH) 4 ) 3 PO 3 Industrial grade KNO 3 And straw biochar.
4. The method for constructing the micro-element reactor for the enhanced natural degradation treatment of the organic contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of clearing and digging the polluted soil to be treated, and then sequentially adding a biodegradation layer, geotechnical cloth and a water-curing and regulating layer.
5. Use of the micro-reactor for enhanced natural degradation treatment of organic contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein: the reactor is built in situ in the polluted soil to be treated, and is applied to in-situ reinforced natural degradation treatment of the polluted soil.
6. Use of the micro-reactor according to claim 5 for enhanced natural degradation treatment of organic contaminated soil, wherein: the water and nutrient substances are slowly released to the biodegradable layer through the water nutrient and regulation layer in the micro-element reactor, so that the stable habitat in the biodegradable layer is ensured, and the enhanced natural degradation of organic pollutants in the polluted soil layer is realized through pollutant migration and substance exchange modes between the biodegradable layer and the polluted soil layer.
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