CN114191456A - Extraction method and application of enteromorpha lipid rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid - Google Patents
Extraction method and application of enteromorpha lipid rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant extraction, and relates to an extraction method and application of enteromorpha lipid rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, which comprises the following specific steps: (1) cleaning, drying and crushing the enteromorpha to obtain enteromorpha dry powder; (2) soaking dry Enteromorpha prolifera powder in anhydrous ethanol for 30-60min, and adding into supercritical CO2Extracting in an extraction kettle to obtain an enteromorpha lipid extract rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid; the extract contains n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as C18:4n-3, C16:4n-3 and C16:3n-3, chlorophyll, sterol, carotenoid and other active substances, and is an active substance containing various polyunsaturated fatty acids, identified by GC-MS; can be used for improving metabolic syndrome; the extraction method is simple, and the enteromorpha is changed into valuable from enteromorphaThe study of lipids provides a new research approach.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of plant extraction, and relates to an extraction method and application of enteromorpha lipid, wherein the lipid extracted from enteromorpha contains various n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and can be used for improving metabolic syndrome.
Background art:
the Enteromorpha prolifera is Enteromorpha (Enteromorpha) of Ulvaceae of Chlorophyta, and comprises Enteromorpha linza Linn, Enteromorpha intestinalis, Enteromorpha aspera Linn, Enteromorpha oblata, Enteromorpha prolifera and Enteromorpha striolata, and is distributed in coastal areas such as Zhejiang and Fujian in China. At present, enteromorpha linza and enteromorpha tabescens are mostly used for eating, the main processing mode is drying in the sun, and the enteromorpha linza and enteromorpha tabescens are used for primary processed foods such as enteromorpha peanut, enteromorpha cake and the like. In recent years, enteromorpha prolifera continuously erupts in yellow sea areas such as Qingdao along with the circulation of seawater to cause green tide disasters. The enteromorpha prolifera damages coastal landscapes in yellow sea areas, so that the environmental sanitation and ecological problems are caused, the time and the labor are consumed for manual fishing, and a great amount of enteromorpha prolifera after fishing causes great economic burden and social burden. Therefore, the enteromorpha is urgently required to be developed and utilized, the enteromorpha is turned into wealth, deep processing and comprehensive utilization are carried out, and the utilization value of the enteromorpha is improved. The enteromorpha is rich in nutrient substances, including carbohydrates, proteins, dietary fibers, fat, minerals and the like, wherein the fat contains n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and has potential in functional food development. At present, the functional research of enteromorpha is mostly focused on enteromorpha polysaccharide, and the research of enteromorpha lipid is less.
The metabolic syndrome is a complex metabolic disorder syndrome with central obesity as the core and combined blood sugar, blood pressure, triglyceride concentration increase and/or high density lipoprotein concentration decrease, and is mainly manifested by obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension and glycolipid metabolic disorder. Research shows that EPA and DHA have the effect of improving metabolic syndrome, the dietary intake of EPA and DHA can increase the content of plasma phospholipid and plasma cholesterol ester EPA and DHA, EPA is metabolized in blood fat to generate DPA, and the DPA is stored in blood fat as n-3PUFA, so that the blood fat metabolism is improved.
At present, reports of the application of the enteromorpha lipid in improving the metabolic syndrome are not found.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide an extraction method and application of enteromorpha lipid, and the enteromorpha lipid extracted by the supercritical extraction method contains various n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and can be applied to conditioning metabolic syndrome.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention provides an extraction method of enteromorpha lipid rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) pretreatment of enteromorpha prolifera: cleaning enteromorpha, removing impurities, drying or sun-drying the enteromorpha at the temperature of 50-150 ℃, crushing by a crusher, and sieving by a sieve of 40-80 meshes to obtain enteromorpha dry powder;
(2) supercritical CO2Extraction ofDried enteromorpha powder: soaking the dry Enteromorpha prolifera powder in absolute ethyl alcohol for 30-60min, wherein the mass ratio of the dry Enteromorpha prolifera powder to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 4: 1; then the dry Enteromorpha powder and absolute ethyl alcohol are filled into supercritical CO2Extracting in an extraction kettle to obtain the enteromorpha lipid extract rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.
Further, supercritical CO of step (2)2The extraction process conditions are as follows: CO 22The flow is 35-45L/h, the pressure of the extraction kettle is 20-35 MPa, and the temperature is 35-55 ℃; the pressure of the separation kettle I is 7-8 MPa, and the temperature is 55-60 ℃; the pressure of the separation kettle II is 4-6 MPa, and the temperature is 35-40 ℃; in the extraction process, an absolute ethyl alcohol entrainer accounting for 15-20% of the mass of the dry Enteromorpha prolifera powder is added, the extraction time is 2-6 h, and lipid extracts are collected every 15-45 min.
The invention also provides the enteromorpha functional lipid obtained by the extraction method, which contains active substances of polyunsaturated fatty acids C18:4n-3, C16:4n-3 and C16:3 n-3.
The invention also provides application of the enteromorpha functional lipid in preparation of foods, medicines or health-care foods for improving metabolic syndrome.
Compared with the prior art, the method adopts supercritical CO2The enteromorpha lipid extracted by the extraction method is identified by GC-MS, contains n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as C18:4n-3, C16:4n-3 and C16:3n-3, chlorophyll, sterol, carotenoid and other active substances, and the like, and indicates that the extracted enteromorpha lipid is an active substance containing various polyunsaturated fatty acids; experiments prove that the enteromorpha lipid can be used for improving metabolic syndrome; the extraction method is simple, the enteromorpha is changed into valuable, and a new research idea is provided for the research of enteromorpha lipid.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is GC-MS chromatogram of enteromorpha lipid related to the invention.
FIG. 2 is a mass spectrum of C16:3 methyl ester in the enteromorpha lipid.
FIG. 3 is a mass spectrum of C16:4 methyl ester in the enteromorpha lipid according to the invention.
FIG. 4 is a mass spectrum of C18:4 methyl ester in the enteromorpha lipid according to the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an application experiment process of the enteromorpha lipid according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of the Enteromorpha lipid on human metabolic syndrome.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments in combination with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the embodiment relates to an extraction method of enteromorpha lipid rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) pretreatment of enteromorpha prolifera: drying enteromorpha prolifera with hot air at 150 ℃, crushing and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve;
(2) by means of supercritical fluid CO2Extracting enteromorpha lipid by extraction: the existing 10L supercritical equipment is adopted, the model number of the equipment is HA220-40-11, and supercritical CO is adopted2The extraction process conditions are as follows: CO 22The flow is 35L/h, the feeding amount of the extraction kettle is 3.75kg, the pressure of the extraction kettle is 22MPa, and the temperature is 60 ℃; the pressure of the separation kettle I is 8MPa, and the temperature is 55 ℃; the pressure of the separation kettle II is 4MPa, and the temperature is 40 ℃; in the extraction process, an absolute ethyl alcohol entrainer accounting for 15% of the mass of the enteromorpha dry powder is added, the extraction time is 2h, and fat-soluble extracts are collected every 30min to obtain 495g of enteromorpha lipid extracts.
Example 2:
the embodiment relates to an extraction method of enteromorpha lipid rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) pretreatment of enteromorpha prolifera: drying enteromorpha prolifera with hot air at 150 ℃, crushing and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve;
(2) by means of supercritical fluid CO2Extracting enteromorpha lipid by extraction: before extraction, soaking the enteromorpha dry powder in absolute ethyl alcohol for 30min, wherein the mass ratio of the enteromorpha dry powder to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 4: 1; then the dry Enteromorpha powder and absolute ethyl alcohol are filled into supercritical CO2The extraction equipment is 10L of supercritical equipment, the feeding amount of the extraction kettle is 2.4kg of enteromorpha powder and CO2The flow is 40L/h, the pressure of the extraction kettle is 28MPa, and the temperature is 45 ℃; the pressure of the separation kettle I is 7MPa,the temperature is 55 ℃; the pressure of the separation kettle II is 6MPa, and the temperature is 35 ℃; the extraction time is 2h, and the fat-soluble extract is collected every 15min to obtain 406g of enteromorpha lipid extract.
In the embodiment, before extraction, the enteromorpha dry powder is soaked in absolute ethyl alcohol for 30min in advance, so that the ethyl alcohol is enabled to be soaked in enteromorpha cells, cell walls are damaged, and extraction of fat-soluble components can be promoted.
Example 3:
the embodiment relates to an extraction method of enteromorpha lipid rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) pretreatment of enteromorpha prolifera: naturally drying the enteromorpha, crushing and sieving with a 40-mesh sieve;
(2) by means of supercritical fluid CO2Extracting enteromorpha lipid by extraction: before extraction, soaking the enteromorpha dry powder in absolute ethyl alcohol for 60min, wherein the mass ratio of the enteromorpha dry powder to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 4: 1; then the dry Enteromorpha powder and absolute ethyl alcohol are filled into supercritical CO210L of supercritical equipment, and 1.17kg of enteromorpha powder and CO in the extraction kettle2The flow is 40L/h, the pressure of the extraction kettle is 35MPa, and the temperature is 40 ℃; the pressure of the separation kettle I is 8MPa, and the temperature is 60 ℃; the pressure of the separation kettle II is 5MPa, and the temperature is 37 ℃; in the extraction process, an absolute ethyl alcohol entrainer accounting for 20% of the dry powder mass of the enteromorpha is added, the extraction time is 3h, and fat-soluble extracts are collected every 15min to obtain 214g of enteromorpha lipid extract.
Example 4:
this example is an identification method of the enteromorpha lipid extract extracted in example 3, which sequentially performs the following steps:
(1) methyl esterification of an enteromorpha lipid extract, adding chloroform into the enteromorpha lipid extract for redissolving, taking 1mL of solution, adding 3mL of a sulfuric acid methanol solution (the volume ratio of sulfuric acid to methanol is 1:20) and 1mL of toluene for methyl esterification, carrying out water bath at 70 ℃, reacting for 2h, and uniformly mixing at intervals of 30min in a vortex manner;
(2) after methyl esterification, adding 2mL of n-hexane and 1mL of physiological saline, uniformly mixing for 1min in a vortex mode, and then centrifuging at the rotating speed of 2000rpm for 10 min; taking the upper n-hexane phase, adding into a glass filled with 2mL of distilled waterIn a glass test tube, the glass test tube is vibrated until the n-hexane layer is crystal clear and transparent, and then the n-hexane layer is transferred to a glass test tube filled with anhydrous sodium sulfate Na2SO4Detecting whether the water is contained in the pointed centrifugal tube; if the anhydrous sodium sulfate is agglomerated, the material is transferred to the container containing anhydrous sodium sulfate Na2SO4Until the anhydrous sodium sulfate is not agglomerated, the material does not contain water;
(3) the n-hexane phase was recovered, filtered through an SPE column, and subjected to gas chromatography, and the results are shown in Table 1.
The gas chromatography instrument of this example is gas chromatography Agilent7820A, and it uses DB-23 column (60m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm), detector FID, injection port temperature 260 ℃, chromatographic column temperature 205 ℃, detector temperature 260 ℃, temperature raising program as starting temperature 140 ℃, maintaining for 2min, raising to 160 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, maintaining for 5min, raising to 180 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, maintaining for 12min, raising to 200 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, maintaining for 8min, raising to 205 ℃ at 20 ℃/min, maintaining for 11 min. Then the reaction was run to 140 ℃. The air flow is 400mL/min, the hydrogen gas flow is 30mL/min, and the nitrogen flow is 25 mL/min. The sample injection amount is 2 mu L, and the split ratio is 10: 1.
Table 1 shows that the enteromorpha lipid is analyzed by gas chromatography, the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acid in the enteromorpha lipid is 15.684%, the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the enteromorpha lipid is 57.105%, wherein n-3PUFA is 48.982%, and n-6PUFA is 7.607%. The polyunsaturated fatty acid accounts for more than 50 percent of the total amount of the fatty acid, has great development potential, and provides a new direction for the development of the enteromorpha lipid.
TABLE 1 gas chromatography analysis of fatty acid composition in Enteromorpha lipid
In the embodiment, the enteromorpha lipid extract is further identified by adopting a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, and the analysis conditions are as follows:
the running time is 58.75min, the initial temperature is 140 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2min, and the speed is 20 ℃/min to 160 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 5 min; keeping the temperature for 12min at the speed of 20 ℃/min to 180 ℃; keeping the temperature for 8min at the speed of 20 ℃/min to 200 ℃; at a rate of 20 deg.C/min to 205 deg.C for 11min, at a rate of 6 deg.C/min to 280 deg.C for 5 min. The sample injection amount is 1 mu L, the sample injection port is 230 ℃, the pressure is 12.775psi, the total flow is 14mL/min, the spacer purge flow is 3mL/min, the split ratio is 10:1, and the split flow is 10 mL/min. The column was HP-INNOWAx (Agilent 19091N-133I), 30m x 250 μm x 0.25.25 μm, MSD temperature 280 ℃, collision cell pressure 10psi, and quench gas He 2.25 mL/min.
The GC-MS result is shown in figure 1, the main fatty acid composition in the enteromorpha lipid can be seen from figure 1, and secondary mass spectrum information of C16:3, C16:4 and C18:4 is further extracted. FIGS. 2-4 show the secondary mass spectral information and chemical structures of C16:3, C16:4, and C18:4, respectively. The technical scheme is used for separating and extracting three polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly C18:4, from enteromorpha lipid for the first time, and the three polyunsaturated fatty acids can be used as precursor fatty acids for synthesis of EPA and DHA and new sources of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, and have development and utilization significance.
Example 5:
the embodiment relates to a preparation method of an enteromorpha lipid capsule, which comprises the following steps:
100g of the enteromorpha lipid extract in example 3 and 400g of commercially available olive oil were mixed to prepare capsule core liquid, gelatin, glycerol and water (mass ratio of 100:40:98) are adopted for the outer wall, 1000 soft capsules are prepared by adopting an automatic rotary capsule rolling machine in the prior art, and each capsule contains 100mg of the enteromorpha lipid extract.
Example 6:
the embodiment relates to an application experiment of an enteromorpha lipid extract for improving metabolic syndrome. The method comprises the following specific steps:
90 patients with metabolic syndrome are recruited, the screening standard is that the waist circumference of a male with central obesity is more than or equal to 94cm, the waist circumference of a female is more than or equal to 80cm, and the two factors are as follows: triglyceride (TG) is more than or equal to 1.7 mmol/L; male HDL is less than 1.03mmol/L, female HDL is less than 1.29 mmol/L; the systolic pressure (BP) is not less than 130mmHg or the diastolic pressure is not less than 85mmHg, or the blood pressure is diagnosed as hypertension; fasting blood glucose (FPG) is not less than 5.6mmol/L, or can be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. Patients were randomized into 3 groups of 30 people each. Continuously intervening 100mg/day linseed oil (n-3PUFA 50%), 100mg/day fish oil (DHA + EPA 50%), and 100mg/day enteromorpha lipid capsule for three months respectively. The blood pressure and blood collection and the indexes such as TC, TG, LDL, HDL, blood sugar and the like are respectively detected before intervention and at 3 months, and the experimental flow is shown in figure 5.
The experimental result after the human body takes the enteromorpha prolifera lipid group for 3 months is shown in figure 6, the triglyceride and the total cholesterol of the edible enteromorpha prolifera lipid group are reduced, the blood sugar and the blood pressure are in the normal level range, and the metabolic syndrome is obviously improved. Compared with linseed oil and fish oil, the enteromorpha lipid has the effect of improving metabolic syndrome under the condition of equal dosage.
Claims (7)
1. The extraction method of enteromorpha lipid rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) pretreatment of enteromorpha prolifera: cleaning, drying and crushing the enteromorpha to obtain enteromorpha dry powder;
(2) supercritical CO2Extracting enteromorpha dry powder: soaking dry Enteromorpha prolifera powder in anhydrous ethanol for 30-60min, and adding into supercritical CO2Extracting in an extraction kettle to obtain the enteromorpha lipid extract rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.
2. The extraction method of enteromorpha lipid rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids according to claim 1, characterized in that the supercritical CO of step (2)2The extraction process conditions are as follows: CO 22The flow is 35-45L/h, the pressure of the extraction kettle is 20-35 MPa, and the temperature is 35-55 ℃; the pressure of the separation kettle I is 7-8 MPa, and the temperature is 55-60 ℃; the pressure of the separation kettle II is 4-6 MPa, and the temperature is 35-40 ℃; in the extraction process, an absolute ethyl alcohol entrainer accounting for 15-20% of the mass of the dry Enteromorpha prolifera powder is added, the extraction time is 2-6 h, and lipid extracts are collected every 15-45 min.
3. The extraction method of enteromorpha lipid rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in step (1) is 50-150 ℃.
4. The extraction method of the enteromorpha lipid rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the enteromorpha dry powder is 40-80 meshes.
5. The extraction method of the enteromorpha lipid rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the enteromorpha dry powder to the absolute ethyl alcohol in the step (2) is 4: 1.
6. The enteromorpha lipid extract obtained by the extraction method of claim 1, is characterized by containing active substances of polyunsaturated fatty acids C18:4n-3, C16:4n-3 and C16:3 n-3.
7. Use of the enteromorpha lipid extract in the preparation of food, medicine or health food for improving metabolic syndrome according to claim 7.
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