CN114188730A - 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna - Google Patents
2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114188730A CN114188730A CN202111459859.5A CN202111459859A CN114188730A CN 114188730 A CN114188730 A CN 114188730A CN 202111459859 A CN202111459859 A CN 202111459859A CN 114188730 A CN114188730 A CN 114188730A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0013—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective
- H01Q15/002—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna, which comprises a plurality of reflective array elements, wherein each reflective array element comprises a dielectric substrate and a floor which are in insulation connection, an isolation layer is arranged between the dielectric substrate and the floor, a first reflective unit and a second reflective unit are arranged on the dielectric substrate, the first reflective unit and the second reflective unit are both 1-bit reflective units, and the difference between the reflective phase angles of the first reflective unit and the second reflective unit is 60-120 degrees; an isolation layer is arranged between the medium substrate and the floor; because the reflection phase angles of the two reflection units are different by 60-120 degrees, the two 1-bit reflection units can be superposed through the structural arrangement of the invention, thereby realizing the quantization precision of the 2-bit reflection array antenna, simultaneously having the advantage of simple structure of the 1-bit reflection unit, reducing the complexity of the reflection array antenna structure and enabling the reflection array antenna to meet the use requirement in a narrow space.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication antenna equipment, in particular to a 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna.
Background
The reconfigurable reflection array antenna is designed by loading a reconfigurable technology on a traditional microstrip reflection unit, and the reflection unit can generate different reflection phases through the reconfigurable technology under the condition of not changing the physical structure of the reflection unit, so that the self-adaptive change of the phase distribution on the whole array surface is realized, the self-adaptive adjustment of multiple performances of the antenna is finally realized, and the utilization rate of the whole antenna is improved.
At present, 1-bit reconfigurable reflective array antennas have the advantage of simple design, so the research on the reconfigurable reflective array antennas mainly focuses on the research on 1-bit, wherein passive devices for realizing the phase adjustment of 1-bit mainly comprise PIN diodes, RF-MEMS switches and the like, but the loss of about 3.7dB is caused by the adoption of 1-bit phase quantization error, so that the efficiency of the reflective array antennas is lower; the 2-bit phase quantization reflective array can effectively improve the phase quantization precision and remarkably reduce the loss (the loss can be reduced to be less than 0.8 dB), but the antenna structure is complex, so that the whole reflective array antenna has larger volume and is not beneficial to being arranged in narrow spaces such as tunnels.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect that a 2-bit reflection unit in the prior art has a complex unit structure, the invention discloses a 2-bit reconfigurable reflection array antenna.
A2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna comprises a dielectric substrate and a floor, wherein an isolation layer is arranged between the dielectric substrate and the floor; a plurality of groups of mutually independent reflection array elements are arranged on the dielectric substrate; the reflection array element comprises a first reflection unit and a second reflection unit, the first reflection unit and the second reflection unit are 1-bit reflection units, and the reflection phase angles of the first reflection unit and the second reflection unit are different by 60-120 degrees.
Preferably, the first reflection unit is located on the top surface of the dielectric substrate, the second reflection unit is located on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate, and the reflection phase angles of the first reflection unit and the second reflection unit are different by 90 °.
Preferably, the first reflection unit includes a first reflection sheet fixed on the dielectric substrate, the first reflection sheet is further connected with a phase delay line, and a PIN diode for controlling an effective working length of the phase delay line is arranged on the phase delay line, so as to realize phase adjustment of the first reflection unit.
Preferably, the top surface of the dielectric substrate is further provided with a plurality of isolation units, the isolation units correspond to the first reflection units one to one and isolate the first reflection units, so that the first reflection units are respectively shielded in the top surface of the dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the isolation unit is a metal ring and surrounds the first reflection unit on the top surface of the dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the isolation unit has a zigzag structure.
Preferably, the isolation unit includes a plurality of metal isolation pillars, and each of the metal isolation pillars encloses a ring structure enclosing the first reflection unit.
Preferably, the second reflection unit includes a second reflection sheet and a third reflection sheet which are symmetrically arranged, and a PIN diode for controlling the conduction state of the second reflection sheet and the third reflection sheet is arranged between the second reflection sheet and the third reflection sheet.
Preferably, the isolation layer is made of an F4BM plate.
Preferably, a plurality of support columns are arranged between the dielectric substrate and the floor, and the dielectric substrate and the floor are separated through the support columns, so that the isolation layer is formed between the dielectric substrate and the floor through air.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the reflective array antenna comprises a plurality of reflective array elements, wherein the reflective array elements comprise a dielectric substrate and a floor which are in insulation connection, a first reflecting unit and a second reflecting unit are arranged on the dielectric substrate, the first reflecting unit and the second reflecting unit are both 1-bit reflecting units, and the difference between the reflecting phase angles of the first reflecting unit and the second reflecting unit is 60-120 degrees; an air cavity is also arranged between the medium substrate and the floor;
compared with the prior art, the two reflection units are integrally arranged on one dielectric substrate, the two reflection units are 1-bit reflection units, the reflection phase angles of the first reflection unit and the second reflection unit are different by 60-120 degrees, and the reflection phase angles of the two reflection units are staggered in the actual working process due to the fact that the reflection phase angles of the first reflection unit and the second reflection unit are different, so that 4 phase states are achieved through the two 1-bit reflection modules, and the phase angle difference between the two adjacent reflection states is 90 degrees; the technical effect of the 2-bit reflecting unit is realized by the superposition of the two 1-bit reflecting units with relatively simple structures, and the performance of the reflective array antenna is greatly expanded;
meanwhile, the functions are realized by overlapping the two 1-bit reflecting units, and the structure of the 1-bit reflecting unit is simpler than that of the 2-bit reflecting unit, so that compared with the traditional 2-bit reflecting array antenna, the reflecting array antenna provided by the invention has the advantages that the structure of the reflecting unit is simplified on the premise of ensuring the performance of the reflecting array antenna, the complexity of the structure of the reflecting array antenna is reduced, the structural complexity of the reflecting array antenna is favorably reduced, and the using requirements in a narrow space are met.
Meanwhile, the scheme of the invention can also greatly improve the phase quantization precision, reduce the quantization loss and improve the reflection efficiency; meanwhile, large-angle space beam scanning can be realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective array element in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a front side structure of a substrate according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a backside structure of a substrate according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective array element in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the variation of directivity coefficients of the 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array with scan angle according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a curve showing the change of four phase states with frequency corresponding to the 2-bit reconfigurable reflection unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a 3D simulation effect diagram of the beam pointing direction of the 2-bit reconfigurable reflection unit of the invention being 30 deg.
Reference numerals: the reflection type optical fiber laser comprises a 1-dielectric substrate, a 2-floor, a 3-isolation layer, a 4-first reflection unit, a 5-second reflection unit, a 6-PIN diode, a 7-isolation unit, an 8-isolation column, a 9-support column, a 41-first reflection sheet, a 42-phase delay line, a 51-second reflection sheet and a 52-third reflection sheet.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout includes three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B" including either A or B or both A and B. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment is taken as a basic embodiment of the invention, and discloses a 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna, the specific structure of which is shown in fig. 1 to 4, and the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate 1 and a floor 2, wherein the dielectric substrate 1 is made of an F4BM plate material with a dielectric constant of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009; the floor 2 is a metal plate, the medium substrate 1 is opposite to the floor 2, and the projections of the medium substrate and the floor 2 are superposed in the vertical direction; the four corners of the medium substrate 1 are provided with connecting holes, the four corners of the floor 2 are also provided with connecting holes, the connecting holes between the medium substrate 1 and the floor 2 are in one-to-one correspondence and are fixedly connected through connecting columns, the connecting columns are preferably made of nylon, so that the medium substrate 1 and the floor 2 are fixedly connected in an insulating manner through the connecting columns, the medium substrate 1 and the floor 2 are separated through the connecting columns, an isolating layer 3 mainly containing air is formed between the medium substrate and the floor 2, and the isolating layer 3 is communicated with the external atmospheric environment;
the isolation layer 3 is mainly filled with air, the dielectric constant of the air is 1.0006, and the loss tangent is 0, so that the loss of the whole device is effectively reduced through the arrangement, the structure of the equipment can be simplified, and the reliability and the stability of the equipment are improved; meanwhile, due to the arrangement of the air isolation layer 3, the first reflection unit 4 and the second reflection unit 5 respectively arranged on the top surface and the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1 are completely exposed, which is beneficial to the detection and replacement of each component in the first reflection unit 4 and the second reflection unit.
The dielectric substrate 1 is also provided with a plurality of mutually independent reflection array elements, each reflection array element comprises a first reflection unit 4 and a second reflection unit 5, the first reflection unit 4 is arranged on the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and the second reflection unit 5 is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1; the first reflection unit 4 comprises a first reflection sheet 41, the first reflection sheet 41 is attached to the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1, the first reflection unit 4 further comprises a phase extension sheet, one end of the phase extension sheet is conducted with the first reflection sheet, the other end of the phase extension sheet is of an open-circuit structure, a PIN diode 6 is arranged on the phase extension sheet, the phase extension sheet is divided into two sections through the PIN diode 6, the PIN diode 6 is used for controlling the on-off state of the phase extension sheet, the length of the on-off section of the phase extension sheet is further adjusted, the phase of the working current is further adjusted, the reflection phase angle of the first reflection unit 4 is further adjusted, and 180-degree phase difference is achieved;
meanwhile, the phase extension sheet can be designed into an L shape, so that the miniaturization of the reflecting unit is facilitated, and the volume of the whole reflecting antenna is further reduced;
the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1 is also provided with a plurality of isolation units 7, each isolation unit 7 corresponds to the first reflection unit 4 one by one, the isolation unit 7 is a metal ring, the shape of the metal ring is the same as the contour line of the dielectric substrate 1, and the metal ring is bonded and connected with the dielectric substrate 1 along the contour line of the dielectric substrate, in order to improve the shielding effect, the metal ring adopts a copper ring, and the metal ring adopts a sawtooth structure; the first reflection units 4 are located at the center of the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1, so that the first reflection units 4 are separated and enclosed by the isolation unit 7 in the plane of the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1, and the first reflection units 4 are shielded in the plane of the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1; the coupling among the first reflecting units can be effectively inhibited through the shielding effect of the isolating units, and the phase of the first reflecting units after array combination is prevented from being greatly changed or distorted.
The second reflection unit 5 comprises a second reflection sheet 51 and a third reflection sheet 52 which are symmetrically arranged, the second reflection sheet 51 and the third reflection sheet 52 are both attached to the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1, a gap is arranged between the second reflection sheet 51 and the third reflection sheet 52, a PIN diode 6 is arranged in the gap, two ends of the PIN diode 6 are respectively conducted with the second reflection sheet 51 and the third reflection sheet 52, and therefore the connection state between the second reflection sheet 51 and the third reflection sheet 52 is controlled through the PIN diode 6;
through the structural arrangement of the first reflection unit 4 and the second reflection unit 5, the difference between the reflection phase angles of the first reflection unit 4 and the second reflection unit can be ensured to be 60-120 degrees, wherein 90 degrees are preferably realized, and in the actual use process, as the 90-degree phase precision is realized, four states of '00', '01', '10' and '11' are realized, so that the technical effect of the 2-bit reflection unit is realized through the two 1-bit reflection units, and meanwhile, the 1-bit reflection unit has the advantage of simple structure, the size of the reflection array antenna is favorably reduced, and the installation requirement in narrow spaces such as tunnels is met.
Meanwhile, as can be seen from fig. 6, the reflective array antenna of the present invention realizes beam scanning from-60 ° to +60 ° in a two-dimensional space, has good beam directivity, realizes large-angle scanning, and has increased beam width and reduced directivity coefficient with the increase of the scanning angle. In addition, the side lobe power corresponding to each scan angle is less than-6 dB on average.
The present embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and discloses a 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna on the basis of embodiment 1, and with reference to fig. 5, the 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna includes a dielectric substrate 1 and a floor 2, and an isolation layer 3 is further disposed between the dielectric substrate 1 and the floor 2, where the isolation layer 3 is an isolation plate made of F4BM board, and the upper and lower sides of the isolation plate are respectively fixedly attached to the dielectric substrate 1 and the floor 2;
the dielectric substrate 1 is provided with a plurality of mutually independent reflection array elements, each reflection array element comprises a first reflection unit 4 and a second reflection unit 5, the first reflection unit 4 is arranged on the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1, the second transmission unit is arranged on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate 1, the top surface of the dielectric substrate 1 is further provided with a plurality of isolation units 7, each isolation unit 7 respectively corresponds to each first reflection unit 4 one by one and comprises a plurality of metal isolation columns 8, each metal isolation column 8 is enclosed to form a square or a circle, and the first reflection units 4 are enclosed in the isolation units, so that the first reflection units 4 are shielded, and shielding and isolation between adjacent units are realized.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present application, or which are directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (1) and a floor (2), wherein an isolation layer (3) is arranged between the dielectric substrate (1) and the floor; the medium substrate (1) is provided with a plurality of groups of mutually independent reflection array elements; the reflection array element comprises a first reflection unit (4) and a second reflection unit (5), the first reflection unit (4) and the second reflection unit (5) are 1-bit reflection units, and the reflection phase angles of the first reflection unit (4) and the second reflection unit (5) are different by 60-120 degrees.
2. The 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the first reflection unit (4) is located on the top surface of the dielectric substrate (1), the second reflection unit (5) is located on the bottom surface of the dielectric substrate (1), and the phase angles of the first reflection unit (4) and the second reflection unit (5) are different by 90 degrees.
3. The 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the first reflection unit (4) comprises a first reflection sheet (41) fixed on the medium substrate (1), the first reflection sheet (41) is further connected with a phase delay line (42), and a PIN diode (6) used for controlling the effective working length of the phase delay line (42) is arranged on the phase delay line (42) so as to realize phase adjustment of the first reflection unit (4).
4. The 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the top surface of the dielectric substrate (1) is further provided with a plurality of isolation units (7), the isolation units (7) correspond to the first reflection units (4) one by one, and the first reflection units (4) are isolated, so that the first reflection units (4) are respectively shielded in the top surface of the dielectric substrate (1).
5. The 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna of claim 4, wherein: the isolation unit (7) is a metal ring arranged along the edge of the dielectric substrate (1) and surrounds the first reflection unit (4) on the top surface of the dielectric substrate (1).
6. The 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna of claim 4, wherein: the isolation unit (7) is a copper ring, and the isolation unit (7) is of a sawtooth structure.
7. A2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein: the isolation unit (7) comprises a plurality of metal isolation columns (8), and the metal isolation columns (8) are enclosed to form an annular structure which encloses the first reflection unit (4).
8. The 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the second reflection unit (5) comprises a second reflection sheet (51) and a third reflection sheet (52) which are symmetrically arranged, and a PIN diode (6) for controlling the conduction state of the second reflection sheet (51) and the third reflection sheet (52) is arranged between the second reflection sheet and the third reflection sheet.
9. The 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the isolation layer (3) is made of an F4BM board.
10. The 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of supporting columns (9) are arranged between the dielectric substrate (1) and the floor (2), and the dielectric substrate (1) and the floor (2) are separated through the supporting columns (9) so that the isolation layer (3) is formed between the dielectric substrate (1) and the floor (2) through air.
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| CN202111459859.5A CN114188730B (en) | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna |
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| CN202111459859.5A CN114188730B (en) | 2021-12-02 | 2021-12-02 | 2-bit reconfigurable reflective array antenna |
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| CN114188730B CN114188730B (en) | 2023-04-28 |
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Cited By (1)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116526162A (en) * | 2023-05-29 | 2023-08-01 | 电子科技大学 | Dual-channel dual-linear polarization 2-bit array antenna |
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