CN114184087A - 一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲 - Google Patents

一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲 Download PDF

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CN114184087A
CN114184087A CN202111401339.9A CN202111401339A CN114184087A CN 114184087 A CN114184087 A CN 114184087A CN 202111401339 A CN202111401339 A CN 202111401339A CN 114184087 A CN114184087 A CN 114184087A
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layer
ceramic
bulletproof
armor
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CN114184087B (zh
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郭伟
曲冠达
张宏强
朱颖
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Beihang University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B64D7/00—Arrangements of military equipment, e.g. armaments, armament accessories, or military shielding, in aircraft; Adaptations of armament mountings for aircraft
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲。该防弹装甲由外向内依次为迎弹层、吸能减震层、纤维缓冲层和防弹背板，且迎弹层和纤维缓冲层的胶接面均为织物层。其中迎弹层为PE纤维缠绕的陶瓷板；吸能减震层为PE纤维缠绕的陶瓷板与填充了高弹性树脂基复合材料的金属蜂窝板交替排布，通过胶接方式实现连接；纤维缓冲层为多层的纤维织物；最后织物与钛合金防弹背板相连。本发明迎弹层兼具良好的韧性、硬度和耐候性，解决了传统陶瓷/背板装甲的迎弹层易碎易剥落问题，吸能减震层与纤维缓冲层在节约成本的同时又具有较好的吸能减震效果。制备工艺简单，既解决了多种异质材料复合界面结合问题，又具有良好的防弹能力。

Description

一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料制备及防护技术领域，更具体的说是涉及一种应用于军用直升机和战车的多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲。
背景技术
防弹装甲可在战场上有效吸收弹丸弹片的动能，保护人员和装备不受弹丸弹片侵蚀的装置，因此能增大人员在战场上的存活率，降低内部装备的损坏率。现阶段随着武器的进步，对防弹装甲的要求也越来越高，传统的防弹陶瓷-背板结构已不能满足现代防弹装甲的使用要求。这是由于陶瓷材料脆性较大，在受到弹丸弹片侵彻时，虽能有效降低其动能，但易于破损、开裂甚至剥落、失效，难以进行二次防弹。此外，陶瓷与背板结合强度低，难以承受多次的碰撞。故通过对陶瓷材料进行有效约束，可有效增强陶瓷材料的使用寿命和抵御多次弹侵彻的能力。
因此，如何提供一种能够抵挡多发弹丸弹片冲击的防弹装甲是本领域技术人员亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，为获得具有良好综合性能的防弹材料，本发明采用陶瓷板、PE纤维、金属蜂窝板、高弹性树脂以及金属板设计了一种多层多材质轻质复合结构防弹装甲，解决了传统防弹陶瓷-背板结构存在的大量不足，具备轻量化、可制造和高防弹等功能，提高了防弹装甲的服役寿命和防护能力。
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲，由外向内依次为迎弹层、吸能减震层、纤维缓冲层和防弹背板，且迎弹层和纤维缓冲层的胶接面均为织物层。
本发明整体结构的制备工艺均采用胶接的方式，迎弹层和纤维缓冲层，解决了异质材料连接困难问题。
优选的，采用湿法缠绕工艺将PE纤维以0°/90°方向交替缠绕在陶瓷板一表面，PE纤维缠绕厚度为0-3mm，陶瓷板一为碳化硼陶瓷，陶瓷板一厚度为1-10mm。
优选的，所述吸能减震层由多层金属蜂窝板和PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料交替胶接而成，所述PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料采用湿法缠绕工艺将PE纤维以0°/90°方向交替缠绕在陶瓷板二表面，纤维的缠绕厚度为0-3mm，陶瓷板二厚度为0.5-5mm；所述金属蜂窝板为钛合金蜂窝板，厚度为0.3-5mm，蜂窝壁厚为50μm-0.5mm，边长为5-50mm。
优选的，所述金属蜂窝板的孔内填充有高弹性树脂基复合材料；所述高弹性树脂基复合材料是由环氧树脂、固化剂、增韧剂、消泡剂以及碳化硼陶瓷粉混合后通过加热固化法得到。
优选的，所述吸能减震层中PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料和金属蜂窝板交替排列，共计N-1层PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料和N层金属蜂窝板，其中N≥2，且相邻两层金属蜂窝板的蜂窝孔不完全重合，错位排列。
优选的，所述纤维缓冲层为M层纤维织物通过胶接方式连接而成，其中M≥2；所述纤维织物包括碳纤维、PE纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维中的至少一种。
优选的，所述防弹背板为钛合金板，厚度为1-5mm。
优选的，采用热压罐固化成型工艺对迎弹层、吸能减震层、纤维缓冲层和防弹背板依次进行胶接，实现整体连接。
经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
(1)PE纤维具有良好的耐候性、高比强度、高比模量以及优异的防弹性能，迎弹层内的碳化硼陶瓷板被PE纤维有效约束，这种约束能保证迎弹层受到多发弹丸或弹片的冲击而不会被轻易剥落，同时对于战场上的碰撞起到一定的保护作用，阻止陶瓷板的开裂。且PE纤维易使弹丸或弹片变形甚至破碎，增大与后面层数的接触面积，有效降低弹丸或弹片的动能。
(2)吸能减震层内部的陶瓷板同样能被纤维约束，不易破裂或剥落。金属蜂窝材料具有良好的强度、刚度和一定的承载能力，对内部填充物会进行约束并产生良好的吸能减震效果，同时相对于金属板质量更轻，易于实现对防弹装甲的减重。金属蜂窝板内填充高弹性树脂具有增韧、减震和一定支撑作用。此外，整体结构具有高强度、高韧性、高模量等特点，具有较好的吸能减震效果。
(3)纤维缓冲层能进一步衰减弹丸或弹片动能，使之到达背板时动能降到最低。
(4)整体装甲结构中，吸能减震层和纤维缓冲层可根据实际需求调整厚度，可节约成本，增大空间。同时，选用的轻质材料可有效对装甲减重，提高军用直升机或战车在战场上的作战效能。
(5)本发明通过将上述材料进行合理的结构设计，使其能协同发挥效用，既能保证军用直升机或战车抵挡多发弹丸弹片冲击，又能保证作战效能。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲示意图；
其中：1-陶瓷板一；2-PE纤维；3-金属蜂窝板；4-陶瓷板二；5-高弹性树脂基复合材料；6-迎弹层；7-吸能减震层；8-纤维缓冲层；9-防弹背板。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明公开了一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲。该防弹装甲由外向内依次为迎弹层、吸能减震层、纤维缓冲层和防弹背板，其中迎弹层为PE纤维缠绕的陶瓷板；吸能减震层为PE纤维缠绕的陶瓷板与填充了高弹性树脂基复合材料的金属蜂窝板交替排布，通过胶接方式实现连接；纤维缓冲层为多层的纤维织物；最后织物与钛合金防弹背板相连。本发明迎弹层兼具良好的韧性、硬度和耐候性，解决了传统陶瓷/背板装甲的迎弹层易碎易剥落问题，吸能减震层与纤维缓冲层在节约成本的同时又具有较好的吸能减震效果。制备工艺简单，既解决了多种异质材料复合界面结合问题，又具有良好的防弹能力。
如图1所示，本发明公开了一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲，由外向内依次为迎弹层、吸能减震层、纤维缓冲层和防弹背板，且迎弹层和纤维缓冲层的胶接面均为织物层。
迎弹层为PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料，采用湿法缠绕工艺将PE纤维以0°/90°方向交替缠绕在陶瓷板一表面，PE纤维缠绕厚度为0-3mm，陶瓷板一为碳化硼陶瓷，陶瓷板一厚度为1-10mm。
吸能减震层由多层金属蜂窝板和PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料交替胶接而成，PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料采用湿法缠绕工艺将PE纤维以0°/90°方向交替缠绕在陶瓷板二表面，纤维的缠绕厚度为0-3mm，陶瓷板二厚度为0.5-5mm；金属蜂窝板为钛合金蜂窝板，厚度为0.3-5mm，蜂窝壁厚为50μm-0.5mm，边长为5-50mm。
金属蜂窝板的孔内填充有高弹性树脂基复合材料；高弹性树脂基复合材料是由环氧树脂、固化剂、增韧剂、消泡剂以及碳化硼陶瓷粉混合后通过加热固化法得到。
吸能减震层中PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料和金属蜂窝板交替排列，共计N-1层PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料和N层金属蜂窝板，其中N≥2，且相邻两层金属蜂窝板的蜂窝孔不完全重合，错位排列。
纤维缓冲层为M层纤维织物通过胶接方式连接而成，其中M≥2；纤维织物包括碳纤维、PE纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维中的至少一种。
防弹背板为钛合金板，厚度为1-5mm。
利用胶接工艺对迎弹层、吸能减震层、纤维缓冲层和防弹背板依次进行粘接，并采用热压罐固化成型工艺对每一部分实现连接。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲，其特征在于，由外向内依次为迎弹层、吸能减震层、纤维缓冲层和防弹背板，且迎弹层和纤维缓冲层的胶接面均为织物层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲，其特征在于，所述迎弹层为PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料，采用湿法缠绕工艺将PE纤维以0°/90°方向交替缠绕在陶瓷板一表面，PE纤维缠绕厚度为0-3mm，陶瓷板一为碳化硼陶瓷，陶瓷板一厚度为1-10mm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲，其特征在于，所述吸能减震层由多层金属蜂窝板和所述PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料交替胶接而成，所述PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料采用湿法缠绕工艺将PE纤维以0°/90°方向交替缠绕在陶瓷板二表面，纤维的缠绕厚度为0-3mm，陶瓷板二厚度为0.5-5mm；所述金属蜂窝板为钛合金蜂窝板，厚度为0.3-5mm，蜂窝壁厚为50μm-0.5mm，边长为5-50mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲，其特征在于，所述金属蜂窝板的孔内填充有高弹性树脂基复合材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲，其特征在于，所述吸能减震层中PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料和金属蜂窝板交替排列，共计N-1层PE纤维/陶瓷复合材料和N层金属蜂窝板，其中N≥2，且相邻两层金属蜂窝板的蜂窝孔不完全重合，错位排列。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲，其特征在于，所述纤维缓冲层为M层纤维织物通过胶接方式连接而成，其中M≥2；所述纤维织物包括碳纤维、PE纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲，其特征在于，所述防弹背板为钛合金板，厚度为1-5mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层轻质复合结构防弹装甲，其特征在于，采用热压罐固化成型工艺对迎弹层、吸能减震层、纤维缓冲层和防弹背板依次进行胶接，实现整体连接。
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