CN114183095B - Plugging method for large-scale cracks of fractured reservoir - Google Patents
Plugging method for large-scale cracks of fractured reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
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- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/504—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/506—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/508—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
- C09K8/5083—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/504—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/506—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/508—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/516—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
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Abstract
The application discloses a plugging method for large-scale cracks of a fractured reservoir, and belongs to the field of oilfield exploitation. Comprises the preparation of gel particle aqueous solution; injecting a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale cracks, and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles; gel particles meeting the adaptation particle size are prepared into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, and the gel particles are respectively injected into the simulated large-scale cracks at different injection speeds and with mass flow kept at a fixed value all the time, so as to select the adaptation concentration and the adaptation injection speed; injecting the gel particle aqueous solution meeting the requirements of the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into the actual large-scale crack through the adaptive injection speed to obtain a gel particle medium channel; calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel; selecting an adaptive polymer bulk gel system that matches the gel particle medium channel; and injecting an adaptive polymer body gel system into the gel particle medium channel. The method can ensure that the whole large-scale crack channel is uniformly and compactly plugged.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of oilfield exploitation, in particular to a method for plugging large-scale cracks of a fractured reservoir.
Background
The fractured oil reservoirs occupy a large proportion in the petroleum exploitation at home and abroad. In the initial stage of exploitation, the cracks can greatly improve the yield of an oil well, and particularly in a low permeability oil field, a fracturing technology is often required to form large-scale artificial cracks. However, in the water flooding stage, particularly when the flooding pattern is adjusted, large-scale cracks become a source of water channeling. In this case, to develop such reservoirs efficiently, such fractured water channeling areas should be plugged.
The plugging agent for plugging the large-scale cracks has high strength and good migration capability, and can stably exist for a long time. From the field statistics of fractured oil fields, the most common application is gel particle and polymer bulk gel systems. Since the gel particles are dispersed individuals, they cannot be kept stable in large crack channels under the flushing of injected water, and as the injected water moves toward the oil well, the situation that the injected gel particles are extracted from the oil well occurs in actual mine construction, that is, the gel particles are difficult to stably exist for a long time. The polymer body gel system has continuity and integrity, but has the defect of weak mechanical strength, and injected water is easy to break through from the gel to form water channeling again. Although the strength can be improved by increasing the concentration, the initial viscosity of the system is greatly increased, and further the problems of difficult stirring, incomplete pumping operation and the like during on-site liquid preparation are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application solves the problems that the existing method for plugging the large-scale cracks of the fractured oil reservoir cannot simultaneously meet the conditions of high plugging strength, good migration capacity and long-term stability.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir, which comprises the following steps:
dispersing gel particles with different particle diameters of millimeter level into simulated formation water respectively, and uniformly stirring to obtain a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions with the same concentration;
injecting a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale cracks at the same injection speed, and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flowing pressure gradient;
preparing gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, respectively adopting different injection speeds for the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, always keeping the mass flow as a fixed value, and injecting the gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale cracks, and selecting the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale cracks;
injecting the gel particle aqueous solution meeting the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into an actual large-scale crack through the adaptive injection speed to obtain a gel particle medium channel;
calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel;
selecting an adaptive polymer bulk gel system matched with the gel particle medium channel according to the permeability;
and injecting the adaptive polymer body gel system into the gel particle medium channel, closing the well, and waiting for solidification so as to realize the plugging of the actual large-scale cracks.
In one possible implementation manner, the gel particles with different particle sizes of millimeter level are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water, and are uniformly stirred to obtain a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions with the same concentration, and the preparation method of the gel particles specifically comprises the following steps:
adding modified starch into water, and adding 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, acrylamide, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and potassium persulfate after the modified starch is fully dissolved;
sealing after the mixed solution is fully stirred and placing the mixed solution into an incubator until the mixed solution becomes integral block gel;
taking out the massive gel, drying, crushing and granulating to prepare gel particles.
In one possible implementation manner, the dispersing gel particles with different particle sizes in millimeter scale into simulated formation water specifically includes:
gel particles with different particle sizes of millimeter level are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water prepared from sodium chloride and distilled water.
In one possible implementation manner, the selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles according to the magnitude of the flow pressure gradient specifically includes:
and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles based on a change rule diagram of injection pressure and injection volume.
In one possible implementation manner, the preparing the gel particles meeting the requirement of the adaptive particle size into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, injecting the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations into the simulated large-scale fracture by adopting different injection speeds respectively and always keeping the mass flow rate as a fixed value, and selecting the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size are prepared into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, wherein each concentration range is 1000 mg/L-100000 mg/L, the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations are injected into the simulated large-scale fracture channel at different injection speeds ranging from 0.1mL/min to 10.0mL/min and the mass flow rate is always kept at 8mg/min, and the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed are selected according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture.
In one possible implementation, the polymer of the adaptive polymer bulk gel system selected to match the gel particle medium channel according to the permeability comprises partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, and the crosslinking agent comprises Cr 3+ Or phenolic resins.
In one possible implementation, the selecting an adaptive polymer bulk gel system matched with the gel particle medium channel according to the permeability specifically includes:
selecting a homogeneous artificial rock core with the same permeability as that of a gel particle medium channel;
and injecting solutions of polymer body gel systems with different proportions into the homogeneous artificial rock core, and after the solutions of the polymer body gel systems are completely gelled, measuring the breakthrough pressure of the solution by water drive, wherein the polymer body gel systems with the breakthrough pressure being greater than or equal to the flow pressure gradient of injected water in the fractured rock matrix are the adaptive polymer body gel systems.
In one possible implementation manner, the calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel specifically includes:
and measuring injection pressure of the gel particle aqueous solution with the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration before and after the gel particle aqueous solution is injected into the simulated large-scale fracture at the adaptive injection speed, and calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel by using a Darcy formula.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention at least have the following technical effects or advantages:
according to the plugging method for the large-scale cracks of the fractured reservoir, provided by the embodiment of the invention, gel particles with different particle sizes in millimeter level are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water, and are uniformly stirred to obtain a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions with the same concentration. And (3) respectively injecting a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale cracks at the same injection speed, and selecting the proper particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flowing pressure gradient. Gel particles meeting the requirement of the adaptive particle size are prepared into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations are respectively injected into the simulated large-scale cracks at different injection speeds and the mass flow is always kept at a fixed value, and the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed are selected according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale cracks. And injecting the gel particle aqueous solution meeting the requirements of the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into the actual large-scale crack through the adaptive injection speed to obtain a gel particle medium channel. The permeability of the gel particle medium channel was calculated. An adaptive polymer bulk gel system is selected that matches the gel particle media channel based on the permeability. Injecting an adaptive polymer body gel system into the gel particle medium channel, closing the well and waiting for solidification so as to realize the plugging of actual large-scale cracks. According to the method, gel particle medium channels are obtained by injecting gel particle aqueous solution meeting the requirements of the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into actual large-scale cracks through the adaptive injection speed, then the gel particle medium channels are plugged by using an adaptive polymer body gel system, the adaptive polymer gel system solidifies dispersed single gel particles, meanwhile, the gel particles play a supporting role on the polymer gel system to strengthen the strength of the polymer gel system, and finally the two gel particles interact to effectively plug the whole actual large-scale cracks, so that the plugging success rate of the large-scale cracks is greatly improved, and a powerful technical support is provided for continuous development of fractured reservoirs. The plugging method has the advantages of high plugging strength, good migration capability and long-term stable existence, so that the whole large-scale crack channel can be uniformly and compactly plugged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the injection pressure of gel particles with different particle sizes according to the injection volume according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 shows distribution of six groups of gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations after being injected into simulated large-scale cracks at different injection speeds, wherein the gel particle aqueous solutions are (a) a first group, (b) a second group, (c) a third group, (d) a fourth group, (5) a fifth group, and (6) a sixth group;
FIG. 4 is a front edge propulsion profile of a gel particle in a large scale fracture provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) the front edge propulsion profile is 10min for injection of an aqueous gel particle solution, (b) the front edge propulsion profile is 20min for injection of an aqueous gel particle solution, and (c) the front edge propulsion profile is 30min for injection of an aqueous gel particle solution;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a gel particle provided in an embodiment of the present application prior to injection of an aqueous solution of gel particles to simulate a large-scale fracture surface, wherein (a) the gel particle fills the entire large-scale fracture;
FIG. 6A is a graph of a 5088-3 injection well plugging construction provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step 101: gel particles with different particle diameters of millimeter level are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water, and are uniformly stirred to obtain a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions with the same concentration.
The preparation method of the gel particles specifically comprises the following steps:
adding modified starch into water, and adding 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic Acid (AMPS), acrylamide (AM), N' -methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate after the modified starch is fully dissolved.
Sealing and placing the mixed solution into an incubator after the mixed solution is fully stirred until the mixed solution becomes an integral block gel.
Taking out the massive gel, drying, crushing and granulating to prepare gel particles.
For example, 50g of modified starch is added into 898g of water, 15g of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic Acid (AMPS), 35g of Acrylamide (AM), 5g of N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide and 0.6g of potassium persulfate are added after the modified starch is fully dissolved, the mixed solution is fully stirred, then the mixed solution is sealed and placed into an incubator, the temperature is kept at 50 ℃ for 10 hours, the mixed solution is changed into integral massive gel, and the massive gel is taken out, dried, crushed and granulated to prepare gel particles with the particle size of 1 mm-5 mm.
In practical application, the particle size of the gel particles ranges from 1mm to 5mm, if the particle size of the gel particles is too large, as gaps of the large-scale cracks are in millimeter level generally, the gel particles with too large particle size are difficult to enter the large-scale cracks, if the gel particles enter the large-scale cracks, the gel particles injected first are easy to block the large-scale cracks, so that the subsequent gel particles are difficult to re-inject the large-scale cracks. The gel particles have small particle size and small volume and mass, and when the gel particles are injected into a large-scale crack, the gel particles are easily taken away by fluid in the crack, so that the gel particles are difficult to uniformly distribute and stably exist in the large-scale crack. The particle size range of the gel particles is 1 mm-5 mm, so that the gel particles can enter the large-scale cracks, when the concentration and injection speed of the aqueous solution of the gel particles are proper, the gel particles in the particle size range of the particles can be compactly and densely distributed in the channels of the whole large-scale cracks and are pushed forward more uniformly in a piston manner, and the migration depth of the gel particles can be obtained according to the front edge pushing characteristics of the gel particles and the distribution condition and injection amount of the gel particles in the large-scale cracks.
Gel particles with different particle diameters of millimeter level are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: gel particles with different particle diameters of millimeter level are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water prepared from sodium chloride (chemical formula: naCl) and distilled water.
The simulated formation water is prepared by sodium chloride and distilled water, so that the water solution for dispersing gel particles is more similar to the components of the water environment of the actual large-scale cracks to be plugged, the result of parameter optimization in the plugging method is more accurate, and the gel particle water solution can be more fused into the environment to be injected when being injected into the large-scale cracks. In addition, the sodium chloride is common salt, and the cost is lower, so that the cost can be reduced, and the distilled water does not contain salts and other substances, so that the prepared simulated formation water is more similar to the actual environment, and the plugging effect is further better. Of course, the simulated formation water may be prepared from sodium chloride and tap water.
Step 102: and (3) respectively injecting a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale cracks at the same injection speed, and selecting the proper particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flowing pressure gradient.
The simulated large-scale crack is a large-scale crack with consistent environment, opening and the like of an actual large-scale crack to be plugged, and can be a large-scale crack actually existing in nature or a crack model used for a test. The opening of the large-scale crack is generally 1 mm-3 mm.
The magnitude of the flow pressure gradient may be selected to be any value within the range of 1.5MPa/m to 4.5 MPa/m. Under the same injection volume, when the flowing pressure gradient of the flowing gel particles in the large-scale cracks is more than 4.5MPa/m, the injection pressure at the inlet end is too high, and the fracture pressure of the stratum is easily exceeded; when the flowing gel particles have a flowing pressure gradient of less than 1.5MPa/m in the large-scale cracks, the plugging pressure is too low to start the residual oil in the rock matrix.
Wherein, select the suitable particle diameter of gel granule according to the size of the flow pressure gradient, specifically include: and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles based on a change rule diagram of injection pressure and injection volume. The adaptive particle size selected by the method is more accurate and meets the requirements.
Step 103: gel particles meeting the requirement of the adaptive particle size are prepared into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations are respectively injected into the simulated large-scale cracks at different injection speeds and the mass flow is always kept at a fixed value, and the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed are selected according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale cracks. Wherein the distribution density is selected to be 2mg/cm 2 ～2.5mg/cm 2 Any value of the range.
Specifically, gel particles meeting the requirement of the adaptive particle size are prepared into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, wherein each concentration range is 1000 mg/L-100000 mg/L, the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations are injected into a simulated large-scale crack channel at different injection speeds ranging from 0.1 mL/min-10.0 mL/min and the mass flow rate is always kept at 8mg/min, and the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed are selected according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale crack.
The concentration of the aqueous solution of gel particles is too small, which results in too small quantity of gel particles in a certain volume of the aqueous solution of gel particles, when the aqueous solution of gel particles with smaller concentration is injected at the same injection speed, too small quantity of gel particles dispersed in the large-scale cracks can cause too large spacing between adjacent gel particles, while the concentration of the aqueous solution of gel particles is too large, which results in too large quantity of gel particles in a certain volume of the aqueous solution of gel particles, when the aqueous solution of gel particles with larger concentration is injected at the same injection speed, too large quantity of gel particles dispersed in the large-scale cracks can cause relatively small spacing between adjacent gel particles, and the too large and small concentration is unfavorable for forming gel particle medium channels with proper spacing between adjacent gel particles. And the concentration range is 1000 mg/L-100000 mg/L, when the gel particle aqueous solution is injected into a large-scale crack, as the space between gel particles is more proper, a better gel particle medium channel can be formed, and a better foundation is laid for the next plugging step.
The injection speed of the gel particle aqueous solution is too low, so that the gel particles with the required injection amount can be injected, more time is required, the injection speed is too high, the flow speed of the injected gel particle aqueous solution is too high, the gel particles are not enough to be stably distributed in the large-scale cracks and can be washed away, the injection speed range is 0.1-10.0 mL/min, the best injection effect can be achieved, and the distribution effect of the gel particles in the large-scale cracks is better.
Mass flow refers to the mass of fluid per unit time through the effective cross-section of a closed conduit or open channel, which is the product of the injection rate and concentration, and can constrain the relationship between the injection rate and concentration. Maintaining a mass flow of 8mg/min can result in a better distribution of gel particles injected into the large-scale fracture.
The distribution density can be obtained by simulating the distribution characteristics, the front edge advancing characteristics and the like of gel particles in a large-scale crack.
Step 104: and injecting the gel particle aqueous solution meeting the requirements of the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into the actual large-scale crack through the adaptive injection speed to obtain a gel particle medium channel.
Step 105: the permeability of the gel particle medium channel was calculated.
Specifically, the injection pressure of the gel particle aqueous solution with the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration before and after the gel particle aqueous solution is injected into the simulated large-scale fracture through the adaptive injection speed is measured, and the permeability of the gel particle medium channel is calculated by using a Darcy (English: darcy) formula.
Step 106: and selecting an adaptive polymer body gel system matched with the gel particle medium channel according to the permeability of the gel particle medium channel. The polymer bulk gel system generally consists of a polymer and a cross-linking agent.
Wherein the polymer adapted to the polymer bulk gel system comprises partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) and the cross-linking agent comprises Cr 3+ Or phenolic resins.
Further, step 106 specifically includes:
step 1061: and selecting a homogeneous artificial rock core with the same permeability as that of the gel particle medium channel.
Step 1062: and injecting solutions of polymer body gel systems with different proportions into the homogeneous artificial rock core, and after the solutions of the polymer body gel systems are completely gelled, measuring the breakthrough pressure of the solution by water drive, wherein the polymer body gel systems with the breakthrough pressure being greater than or equal to the flow pressure gradient of injected water in the fractured rock matrix are the adaptive polymer body gel systems.
According to the method for selecting the adaptive polymer body gel system matched with the gel particle medium channel according to the permeability of the gel particle medium channel, the homogeneous artificial rock core is utilized for selection, so that the selection process is easier to realize, the cost is reduced, and the selection result is accurate.
Step 107: injecting an adaptive polymer body gel system into the gel particle medium channel, closing the well and waiting for solidification so as to realize the plugging of actual large-scale cracks.
According to the plugging method for the large-scale cracks of the fractured reservoir, provided by the embodiment of the invention, gel particles with different particle sizes in millimeter level are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water, and are uniformly stirred to obtain a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions with the same concentration. And (3) respectively injecting a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale cracks at the same injection speed, and selecting the proper particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flowing pressure gradient. Gel particles meeting the requirement of the adaptive particle size are prepared into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations are respectively injected into the simulated large-scale cracks at different injection speeds and the mass flow is always kept at a fixed value, and the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed are selected according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale cracks. And injecting the gel particle aqueous solution meeting the requirements of the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into the actual large-scale crack through the adaptive injection speed to obtain a gel particle medium channel. The permeability of the gel particle medium channel was calculated. An adaptive polymer bulk gel system is selected that matches the gel particle media channel based on the permeability. Injecting an adaptive polymer body gel system into the gel particle medium channel, closing the well and waiting for solidification so as to realize the plugging of actual large-scale cracks. According to the method, gel particle medium channels are obtained by injecting gel particle aqueous solution meeting the requirements of the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into actual large-scale cracks through the adaptive injection speed, then the gel particle medium channels are plugged by using an adaptive polymer body gel system, the adaptive polymer gel system solidifies dispersed single gel particles, meanwhile, the gel particles play a supporting role on the polymer gel system to strengthen the strength of the polymer gel system, and finally the two gel particles interact to effectively plug the whole actual large-scale cracks, so that the plugging success rate of the large-scale cracks is greatly improved, and a powerful technical support is provided for continuous development of fractured reservoirs. The plugging method has the advantages of high plugging strength, good migration capability and long-term stable existence, so that the whole large-scale crack channel can be uniformly and compactly plugged.
One specific example of a method for plugging a large-scale fracture using the fractured reservoir of the present invention is provided below.
The simulated formation water is prepared by 10000mg/L NaCl and distilled water. Gel particles with particle diameters of 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm and 3.5mm are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water, and are uniformly stirred to obtain a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions with the same concentration (the concentration is 5000 mg/L). The size of the fractured core is 4.5 x 30cm 3 The permeability of the matrix was 13X 10 -3 um 2 The opening of the slit was 1.8mm. The partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide is from Beijing Heng-poly chemical company, and has a molecular weight of 1400 ten thousand and a degree of hydrolysis of 25%; the cross-linking agent is chromium acetate (Cr) 3+ The content was 8 mg/mL).
The various gel particle aqueous solutions are respectively injected into a simulated large-scale crack (such as a crack model) with the opening degree of 1.8mm at the same injection speed of 1mL/min, the injection pressure of the gel particle aqueous solution is shown as a graph in fig. 2, and the adaptive particle size of the gel particles is selected according to the size of the flowing pressure gradient.
As is clear from FIG. 2, when the particle diameter is 1.5mm, the flow resistance of the gel particles is low. At a particle size of 3.5mm, the flow resistance of the gel particles increases sharply, and the gel particles become oversized, resulting in accumulation at the inlet end of the simulated large-scale fracture. When the particle size is 2.0 mm-3.0 mm, the gel particles can flow in the simulated large-scale cracks, and the flow resistance is high. As shown in fig. 2, as indicated by the broken line arrow, the equilibrium point of the injection pressure of the gel particles in the range of 2.0mm to 3.0mm in particle diameter is shifted rearward as the particle diameter increases, and the flow rate of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture increases as the particle diameter increases. This shows that after particles enter the simulated large-scale fracture, the large particle size is relatively more favorable for plugging, and comprehensively considered, in the embodiment, the particle size is 2.5mm as the adaptive particle size.
Gel particles of 2.5mm were formulated into six sets of aqueous gel particle solutions of different concentrations, the first set: the concentration is 1000mg/L; second group: the concentration is 2000mg/L; third group: concentration is 4000mg/L; fourth group: the concentration is 8000mg/L; fifth group: concentration 16000mg/L; sixth group: concentration 40000mg/L. Six groups of gel aqueous solutions with different concentrations are respectively injected into simulated large-scale cracks (such as a crack model) with the opening degree of 1.8mm by adopting different injection speeds and always keeping the mass flow rate of 8mg/min, and specifically, the injection speeds of the six groups of gel particle aqueous solutions are as follows: a first group: 8mL/min; second group: 4mL/min; third group: 2mL/min; fourth group: 1mL/min; fifth group: 0.5mL/min; sixth group: 0.2mL/min.
Observing the spreading distribution of the gel particles, the spreading distribution of the six groups of gel particle aqueous solutions in the simulated large-scale cracks is shown in fig. 3, and from the graph, the retention amount of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale cracks is increased along with the increase of the injection concentration, and the injection speed is reduced. When the injection speed is reduced, the water flow scouring capacity is reduced, and the storage amount is increased. As the concentration of the aqueous solution of gel particles increases, the amount of gel particles accumulated increases and the amount of retained particles also increases. When gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture are more closely distributed in the fracture, certain flowing capability is also provided, and the concentration and the injection speed at the moment are the adaptation concentration and the adaptation injection speed. As shown in FIG. 3, in this example, the injection rate was 1mL/min at a concentration of 8000mg/L, which was an adaptive concentration and an adaptive injection rate for the simulated large-scale fracture.
And injecting gel particle aqueous solution with particle size of 2.5mm and concentration of 8000mg/L into the actual large-scale crack at an injection speed of 1mL/min to obtain a gel particle medium channel.
The gel particle aqueous solution with particle size of 2.5mm and concentration of 8000mg/L is injected into simulated large-scale cracks (such as crack model) under the same condition at the injection speed of 1mL/min, the front edge propulsion characteristics of the gel particles are observed, as shown in figure 4, the front edge of the gel particles is propelled forward in a piston manner, and the migration depth (migration depth=injection volume/spreading area) of the gel particles can be calculated by combining the spreading area and injection volume of the gel particles in the crack model until the whole crack is filled with the gel particles.
The results of simulating the section of the large-scale cracks before injecting the gel particle aqueous solution and filling the whole large-scale cracks with the gel particles are shown in the figureShown at 5. Measuring the injection pressure of the gel particle aqueous solution with particle size of 2.5mm and concentration of 8000mg/L before and after injecting into the simulated large-scale fracture at an injection speed of 1mL/min, and calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel to 2300×10 by using Darcy formula -3 um 2 。
The permeability is 2300×10 -3 um 2 Is a homogeneous artificial core (size 4.5 x 30 cm) 3 ) And carrying out displacement experiments instead of gel particle medium channels. Injecting solutions of polymer body gel systems of different systems (namely different contents of polymer and cross-linking agent) into the homogeneous artificial rock core, and measuring the breakthrough pressure of the polymer body gel of the different systems by water driving after the solutions of the polymer body gel systems are completely gelled, wherein in practice, the breakthrough pressure of the polymer body gel of the different systems is measured at a water driving speed of 0.5 mL/min. The results of the experiment are shown in Table 1 below (the elastic modulus test frequency of the polymer bulk gel system is 1 Hz).
Table 1 Polymer bulk gel System blocking Strength experiments at different ratios
For a permeability of 13X 10 -3 um 2 The water injection initiation pressure gradient was 3.3MPa/m at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Therefore, when the breakthrough pressure of the polymer body gel system after plugging the gel particle medium channel is more than 3.3MPa/m, the fluid in the fractured core matrix can be started. As can be seen from the results of Table 1 above, the permeability was 2300X 10, respectively -3 um 2 When the blocking strength of the polymer body gel system is higher than 66Pa, the gel particle medium channel can be completely blocked. As can be seen from Table 1, table 1# 4000mg/L HPAM+150mg/L Cr 3+ Is an adaptive polymer bulk gel system in this experiment.
Injecting an adaptive polymer body gel system into the gel particle medium channel, closing the well and waiting for solidification so as to realize the plugging of actual large-scale cracks.
By using the plugging method for the large-scale cracks of the fractured reservoir, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, a better yield increasing effect is obtained in the application process of prolonging the fractured reservoir of an oil field, and a support can be provided for continuous and efficient development of the fractured reservoir with high water content. A practical implementation is provided below.
A well profile: the 5088-3 water injection well is positioned in the Fan Chuanou 5098 well region of the extended oil field in the Mingdan county, and the main oil-bearing layer is 6 groups long. The well is produced by fracturing 8 months in 2004, and is transferred in 12 months in 2005, and is a general water injection mode. 5088-3 water injection well horizon data is shown in table 2 below and corresponding production well horizon data is shown in table 3.
Table 2 5088-3 water injection well horizon data table
Table 3 basic data table for production wells
The water absorption profile test result shows that the water injection of the 5088-3 water injection well at 1754.2-1759.6m has obvious fingering phenomenon, the fracturing crack of the interval is larger, and the water absorption profile is seriously uneven. By combining analysis of sand body communication condition and production dynamic data, 5088-3 wells are leased with large artificial cracks, and after well groups are filled with water, the characteristics of quick response, quick water breakthrough, quick flooding and 'one stop and multiple stops' exist. Currently 5088, 5088-1, 5088-5 and 5098-6, 5088-2 are large wells. The injected water circulates inefficiently or ineffectively between the oil-water wells, so that the water displacement efficiency is reduced. The tracer test results showed that the average size of the main stream fractures in the well group was 1.8mm.
And (3) plugging construction design: because the crack size is large, the primary problem of the plugging construction of the well group is 'plugging failure', so that a plugging method of joint operation of gel particles and a polymer body gel system is adopted. The design basis and purpose of the main plugging parameters are shown in the following table 4.
Table 4 key construction parameters for plugging large scale fractured low permeability reservoirs
After the construction is finished, planning to allocate 12m of injection 3 And/d, well head injection pressure is lower than 16MPa. Based on the design parameters of table 4, the plugging construction curves are shown in fig. 6. From the figure, the injection pressure is gradually increased in the stage of injecting the gel particles, which means that the gel particles gradually enter the deep part of the crack and can be well distributed. The pressure was also slowly increased during the injection of the polymer bulk gel system, which indicated that the polymer bulk gel system was relatively gentle into the gel particle medium channel. And after the construction is finished, closing the well and waiting for 5 days. When normal water injection is performed after the well is opened again, 12m of water injection is allocated 3 At/d, the injection pressure is 12.5MPa, which can meet the planned requirement.
And (3) plugging effect analysis: the production of 5088-3 well group before and after construction is shown in table 5 below.
Table 5 5088-3 corresponds to well production
As can be seen from Table 5, the three-hole fractured water channeling well achieves obvious oil increasing effect, specifically 5395-1, 5088-7 and 5088-1. Other well groups also have some degree of oil enhancement. The average daily oil increment of the whole well group is 2.44 tons, and the effective period is more than 160 days. The plugging method can be used for plugging large-scale cracks well.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts of each embodiment are referred to each other, and each embodiment is mainly described as a difference from other embodiments.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present application, and not for limiting the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced with equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (8)
1. A plugging method of a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dispersing gel particles with different particle diameters of millimeter level into simulated formation water respectively, and uniformly stirring to obtain a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions with the same concentration;
injecting a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale cracks at the same injection speed, and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flowing pressure gradient;
preparing gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, respectively adopting different injection speeds for the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, always keeping the mass flow as a fixed value, and injecting the gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale cracks, and selecting the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale cracks;
injecting the gel particle aqueous solution meeting the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into an actual large-scale crack through the adaptive injection speed to obtain a gel particle medium channel;
calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel;
selecting an adaptive polymer bulk gel system matched with the gel particle medium channel according to the permeability;
and injecting the adaptive polymer body gel system into the gel particle medium channel, closing the well, and waiting for solidification so as to realize the plugging of the actual large-scale cracks.
2. The method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein gel particles with different particle diameters of millimeter level are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water, and are uniformly stirred to obtain a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions with the same concentration, and the preparation method of the gel particles specifically comprises the following steps:
adding modified starch into water, and adding 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, acrylamide, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and potassium persulfate after the modified starch is fully dissolved;
sealing after the mixed solution is fully stirred and placing the mixed solution into an incubator until the mixed solution becomes integral block gel;
taking out the massive gel, drying, crushing and granulating to prepare gel particles.
3. The method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir comprises the steps of dispersing gel particles with different particle sizes in simulated formation water, wherein the gel particles have particle sizes in millimeter scale, respectively, and specifically comprises the following steps:
gel particles with different particle sizes of millimeter level are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water prepared from sodium chloride and distilled water.
4. The method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles according to the magnitude of the flow pressure gradient comprises:
and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles based on a change rule diagram of injection pressure and injection volume.
5. The method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size are prepared into aqueous solutions of gel particles with different concentrations, the aqueous solutions of gel particles with different concentrations are respectively injected into the simulated large-scale fracture at different injection speeds and with mass flow rates kept at fixed values all the time, and the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed are selected according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture, and specifically comprises:
the gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size are prepared into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, wherein each concentration range is 1000 mg/L-100000 mg/L, the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations are injected into the simulated large-scale fracture channel at different injection speeds ranging from 0.1mL/min to 10.0mL/min and the mass flow rate is always kept at 8mg/min, and the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed are selected according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture.
6. The method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the polymer of the adaptive polymer bulk gel system matched with the gel particle medium channel is selected according to the permeability and comprises partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, and the cross-linking agent comprises Cr 3+ Or phenolic resins.
7. The method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the selecting an adaptive polymer bulk gel system matched with the gel particle medium channel according to the permeability comprises:
selecting a homogeneous artificial rock core with the same permeability as that of a gel particle medium channel;
and injecting solutions of polymer body gel systems with different proportions into the homogeneous artificial rock core, and after the solutions of the polymer body gel systems are completely gelled, measuring the breakthrough pressure of the solution by water drive, wherein the polymer body gel systems with the breakthrough pressure being greater than or equal to the flow pressure gradient of injected water in the fractured rock matrix are the adaptive polymer body gel systems.
8. The method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel specifically comprises:
and measuring injection pressure of the gel particle aqueous solution with the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration before and after the gel particle aqueous solution is injected into the simulated large-scale fracture at the adaptive injection speed, and calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel by using a Darcy formula.
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