CN114183095A - Large-scale fracture plugging method for fractured reservoir - Google Patents
Large-scale fracture plugging method for fractured reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
- E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/504—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/506—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/508—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/504—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/506—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/508—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
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- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/516—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
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Abstract
The application discloses a method for plugging large-scale fractures of a fractured reservoir, and belongs to the field of oil field exploitation. Comprises preparing gel particle water solution; injecting various gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale crack, and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles; preparing gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, injecting the gel particles into the simulated large-scale crack at different injection speeds and always keeping the mass flow as a fixed value, and selecting the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed; injecting the gel particle aqueous solution meeting the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into the actual large-scale crack through the adaptive injection speed to obtain a gel particle medium channel; calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel; selecting an adaptive polymer bulk gel system matched with the gel particle medium channel; an adaptive polymer bulk gel system is injected into the gel particle media channel. The method can ensure that the whole large-scale crack channel is uniformly and compactly plugged.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of oil field exploitation, in particular to a method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir.
Background
The fractured reservoir occupies a large proportion in petroleum exploitation at home and abroad. In the initial stage of exploitation, the fracture can greatly improve the yield of an oil well, and particularly in a low-permeability oil field, a fracturing technology is often needed to form a large-scale artificial fracture. However, in the water injection development stage, especially when the injection and production well pattern is adjusted, large-scale cracks become the source of water channeling. At this time, to develop such reservoirs efficiently, such fractured water channeling zones must be plugged.
The plugging agent for plugging large-scale cracks is high in strength, good in migration capacity and capable of stably existing for a long time. From field statistics of fractured fields, the most common applications are gel particle and polymer bulk gel systems. Since the gel particles are dispersed individuals, they cannot be kept stable in large fracture passages under the washing of the injected water, and as the injected water migrates toward the oil well, there occurs a case where the injected gel particles are extracted from the oil well in actual mine construction, that is, the gel particles hardly exist stably for a long period of time. The polymer bulk gel system has continuity and integrity, but has the defect of weak mechanical strength, and injected water is easy to break through from the gel to form a water channeling zone again. Although the strength can be improved by increasing the concentration, the initial viscosity of the system is greatly increased, and the problems of difficult stirring, incomplete pumping operation and the like during on-site liquid preparation are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides the method for plugging the large-scale cracks of the fractured reservoir, and solves the problems that the existing method for plugging the large-scale cracks of the fractured reservoir cannot meet the requirements of high plugging strength, good migration capacity and long-term stability.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for plugging large-scale fractures of a fractured reservoir, which comprises the following steps:
dispersing gel particles with different particle sizes of millimeter level into simulated formation water respectively, and stirring uniformly to obtain various gel particle water solutions with the same concentration;
injecting various gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale fracture at the same injection speed respectively, and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flow pressure gradient;
preparing the gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, injecting the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations into the simulated large-scale fracture at different injection speeds and always keeping the mass flow as a fixed value, and selecting the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture;
injecting the gel particle aqueous solution meeting the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into the actual large-scale crack through the adaptive injection speed to fill to obtain a gel particle medium channel;
calculating the permeability of the gel particle media channel;
selecting an adapted polymer bulk gel system matching the gel particle media channel according to the permeability;
and injecting the adaptive polymer body gel system into the gel particle medium channel, and closing the well and waiting for coagulation to realize the plugging of the actual large-scale crack.
In a possible implementation manner, the gel particles with different particle diameters and a millimeter particle diameter are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water, and are uniformly stirred to obtain a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions with the same concentration, and the preparation method of the gel particles specifically includes:
adding modified starch into water, and adding 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, acrylamide, N' -methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate after the modified starch is fully dissolved;
after the mixed solution is fully stirred, sealing and putting the mixed solution into a constant temperature box until the mixed solution becomes an integral blocky gel;
taking out the block-shaped gel, drying, crushing and granulating to prepare gel particles.
In a possible implementation manner, the dispersing gel particles with different particle sizes, which have particle sizes of millimeter, into the simulated formation water respectively specifically includes:
gel particles with different particle sizes and millimeter-sized particle sizes are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water prepared from sodium chloride and distilled water.
In a possible implementation manner, the selecting the adapted particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flow pressure gradient specifically includes:
and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles based on a change rule graph of the injection pressure and the injection volume.
In a possible implementation manner, the preparing the gel particles satisfying the adapted particle size into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, injecting the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations into the simulated large-scale fracture at different injection speeds and always keeping the mass flow as a fixed value, and selecting the adapted concentration and the adapted injection speed according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture specifically includes:
preparing the gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, wherein each concentration range of the gel particle aqueous solutions is 1000 mg/L-100000 mg/L, injecting the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations into the simulated large-scale fracture channel at different injection speeds within the range of 0.1 mL/min-10.0 mL/min and always keeping the mass flow rate at 8mg/min, and selecting the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture.
In one possible implementation, the adaptive polymer bulk gel system selected to match the gel particle media channels according to the permeability includes partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, and the cross-linking agent includes Cr3+Or phenolic resins.
In a possible implementation manner, the selecting, according to the permeability, an adapted polymer bulk gel system matched with the gel particle medium channel specifically includes:
selecting a homogeneous artificial rock core with the same permeability as the gel particle medium channel;
injecting solutions of polymer body gel systems with different proportions into the homogeneous artificial rock core, and measuring the breakthrough pressure of the solution of the polymer body gel system after the solution of the polymer body gel system is completely gelatinized by water drive, wherein the polymer body gel system with the breakthrough pressure larger than or equal to the flowing pressure gradient of the injected water in the fractured rock matrix is the adaptive polymer body gel system.
In a possible implementation manner, the calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel specifically includes:
and measuring the injection pressure of the gel particle aqueous solution with the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration before and after the gel particle aqueous solution is injected into the simulated large-scale fracture through the adaptive injection speed, and then calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel by using a Darcy formula.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
according to the method for plugging the large-scale fracture of the fractured reservoir, provided by the embodiment of the invention, gel particles with different particle sizes and millimeter-scale particle sizes are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water and are uniformly stirred to obtain various gel particle water solutions with the same concentration. And injecting various gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale fracture at the same injection speed respectively, and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flow pressure gradient. Gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size are prepared into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations are injected into the simulated large-scale cracks respectively at different injection speeds and always keeping the mass flow as a fixed value, and the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed are selected according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale cracks. And injecting the gel particle aqueous solution meeting the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into the actual large-scale crack through the adaptive injection speed to fill to obtain the gel particle medium channel. The permeability of the gel particle media channels was calculated. An adapted polymer bulk gel system matching the gel particle media channels is selected according to the permeability. And injecting a gel system of the adaptive polymer body into the gel particle medium channel, and closing the well for waiting coagulation so as to realize the plugging of the actual large-scale crack. According to the method, gel particle aqueous solution meeting the adaptive particle size and adaptive concentration is injected into an actual large-scale fracture through adaptive injection speed to fill the actual large-scale fracture to obtain a gel particle medium channel, then an adaptive polymer body gel system is used for plugging the gel particle medium channel, the adaptive polymer gel system consolidates dispersed single gel particles, meanwhile, the gel particles play a supporting role on the polymer gel system to enhance the strength of the polymer gel system, finally, the gel particles and the adaptive polymer body gel system interact to realize effective plugging of the whole actual large-scale fracture, the plugging success rate of the large-scale fracture is greatly improved, and powerful technical support is provided for continuous development of fractured oil reservoirs. The plugging method has high plugging strength and good migration capacity, and can stably exist for a long time, so that the whole large-scale crack channel can be uniformly and compactly plugged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a graph of injection pressure versus injection volume for gel particles of different particle sizes provided in examples of the present application;
fig. 3 is a distribution state of six groups of gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations injected at different injection speeds to simulate a large-scale fracture, wherein, (a) the first group, (b) the second group, (c) the third group, (d) the fourth group, (5) the fifth group, and (6) the sixth group are provided in the embodiment of the application;
fig. 4 is a leading edge advancing feature of gel particles in a large-scale fracture provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) the leading edge advancing feature is performed when the aqueous solution of gel particles is injected for 10min, (b) the leading edge advancing feature is performed when the aqueous solution of gel particles is injected for 20min, and (c) the leading edge advancing feature is performed when the aqueous solution of gel particles is injected for 30 min;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a simulated large-scale fracture surface showing spreading of gel particles according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) the simulated large-scale fracture is a cross-sectional view before the gel particles are injected into an aqueous solution of the gel particles, and (b) the gel particles are spread when the gel particles fill the whole large-scale fracture;
figure 6 injection well shutoff construction curve that this application embodiment provided.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for plugging a large-scale fracture of a fractured reservoir provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes the steps of:
step 101: dispersing the gel particles with different particle sizes in millimeter level into simulated formation water respectively, and stirring uniformly to obtain various gel particle water solutions with the same concentration.
The preparation method of the gel particles specifically comprises the following steps:
adding modified starch into water, and adding 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic Acid (AMPS), Acrylamide (AM), N' -methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate after the modified starch is fully dissolved.
And sealing and putting the mixed solution into a constant temperature box after the mixed solution is fully stirred until the mixed solution becomes an integral blocky gel.
Taking out the block gel, drying, pulverizing, granulating, and making into gel granule.
In an example, 50g of modified starch is added into 898g of water, after the modified starch is fully dissolved, 15g of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic Acid (AMPS), 35g of Acrylamide (AM), 5g of N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide and 0.6g of potassium persulfate are added, after the mixed solution is fully stirred, the mixed solution is sealed and placed in a constant temperature box, the constant temperature of 50 ℃ is kept for 10 hours, so that the mixed solution is changed into an integral block gel, the block gel is taken out, and then drying, crushing and granulation are carried out, so that gel particles with the particle size of 1 mm-5 mm are prepared.
In practical application, the particle size range of the gel particles is 1 mm-5 mm, if the particle size of the gel particles is too large, the gaps of the large-scale cracks are generally in millimeter level, the gel particles with too large particle sizes are difficult to enter the large-scale cracks, and if the gel particles enter the large-scale cracks, the gel particles injected firstly are easy to block the large-scale cracks, so that the subsequent gel particles are difficult to inject into the large-scale cracks. The gel particles have too small particle size and small volume and mass, and when the gel particles are injected into a large-scale crack, the gel particles are easily taken away by fluid in the crack, so that the gel particles are difficult to uniformly distribute and stably exist in the large-scale crack. The particle size range of the gel particles is 1 mm-5 mm, the gel particles can be ensured to enter the large-scale cracks, when the concentration and the injection speed of the aqueous solution of the gel particles are proper, the gel particles in the particle size range can be compactly and densely distributed in the channels of the whole large-scale cracks and are uniformly advanced in a piston type, and the migration depth of the gel particles can be obtained by combining the distribution condition and the injection amount of the gel particles in the large-scale cracks according to the advancing characteristics of the front edges of the gel particles.
The method comprises the following steps of respectively dispersing gel particles with different particle sizes in millimeter level into simulated formation water, and specifically comprises the following steps: gel particles with different particle sizes and millimeter-sized particle sizes are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water prepared by sodium chloride (chemical formula: NaCl) and distilled water.
The simulated formation water is prepared by sodium chloride and distilled water, so that the components of the aqueous solution for dispersing gel particles are more similar to the components of the water environment of the actual large-scale fracture to be plugged, the parameter optimization result in the plugging method is more accurate, and the gel particle aqueous solution can be more blended into the environment to be injected when being injected into the large-scale fracture. In addition, sodium chloride is common salt, the cost is low, so that the cost can be reduced, and the distilled water does not contain salt and other substances, so that the prepared simulated formation water is more similar to the actual environment, and the plugging effect is further better. Of course, the simulated formation water may also be prepared by using sodium chloride and tap water.
Step 102: and injecting various gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale fracture at the same injection speed respectively, and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flow pressure gradient.
The simulated large-scale crack is a large-scale crack with consistent environment, opening and the like of the actual large-scale crack to be plugged, can be a large-scale crack actually existing in nature, and can also be a crack model used for a test. The opening of the large-scale crack is 1 mm-3 mm.
The flow pressure gradient can be selected to be any value within the range of 1.5MPa/m to 4.5 MPa/m. Under the same injection volume, when the flow pressure gradient of the flowing gel particles in the large-scale fracture is more than 4.5MPa/m, the injection pressure at the inlet end is too high and is easy to exceed the fracture pressure of the stratum; when the flowing pressure gradient of the flowing gel particles in the large-scale fracture is less than 1.5MPa/m, the plugging pressure is too low to start residual oil in the rock matrix.
Wherein, the adaptive particle size of the gel particles is selected according to the size of the flow pressure gradient, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles based on a change rule graph of the injection pressure and the injection volume. The adaptive particle size selected by the method is more accurate and more meets the requirement.
Step 103: gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size are prepared into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations are injected into the simulated large-scale cracks respectively at different injection speeds and always keeping the mass flow as a fixed value, and the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed are selected according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale cracks. Wherein the distribution density can be selected to be 2mg/cm2～2.5mg/cm2Any value of the range.
Specifically, gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size are prepared into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, each concentration range of the gel particle aqueous solutions is 1000 mg/L-100000 mg/L, the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations are injected into a simulated large-scale fracture channel at different injection speeds of 0.1 mL/min-10.0 mL/min and the mass flow rate is always kept at 8mg/min, and the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed are selected according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture.
When the aqueous solution of the gel particles with the larger concentration is injected at the same injection speed, the gel particles dispersed in the large-scale cracks are too much, so that the distance between the adjacent gel particles is relatively small, and the concentration of the aqueous solution of the gel particles is too large, so that the number of the gel particles in the aqueous solution of the gel particles with the certain volume is too large, and when the aqueous solution of the gel particles with the larger concentration is injected at the same injection speed, the gel particles dispersed in the large-scale cracks is too much, so that the distance between the adjacent gel particles is relatively small, and the too large and too small concentration is not beneficial to forming gel particle medium channels with proper distances between the adjacent gel particles. And the gel particle aqueous solution with the concentration range of 1000 mg/L-100000 mg/L can form a better gel particle medium channel due to more proper spacing between gel particles when being injected into a large-scale crack, thereby laying a better foundation for the next plugging step.
The injection speed of the gel particle aqueous solution is too low, so that the required amount of gel particles can be injected, more time is consumed, and the injection speed is too high, so that the flow rate of the injected gel particle aqueous solution is too high, the gel particles cannot be stably distributed in the large-scale cracks and can be washed away, the injection speed range is 0.1 mL/min-10.0 mL/min, the best injection effect can be achieved, and the distribution effect of the gel particles in the large-scale cracks is better.
The mass flow rate refers to the mass of fluid passing through the effective section of a closed pipeline or an open groove in unit time, and is the product of injection speed and concentration, so that the relation between the injection speed and the concentration can be restrained. Keeping the mass flow at 8mg/min enables better distribution of the gel particles injected into the large scale fractures.
The distribution density can be obtained by the distribution characteristic and the front edge advancing characteristic of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture, and the like.
Step 104: and injecting the gel particle aqueous solution meeting the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into the actual large-scale crack through the adaptive injection speed to fill to obtain the gel particle medium channel.
Step 105: the permeability of the gel particle media channels was calculated.
Specifically, the injection pressure of the gel particle aqueous solution with the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration is measured before and after the gel particle aqueous solution is injected into the simulated large-scale fracture through the adaptive injection speed, and then the permeability of the gel particle medium channel is calculated by utilizing Darcy (English) formula.
Step 106: an adapted polymeric bulk gel system matching the gel particle media channels is selected according to the permeability of the gel particle media channels. The polymer bulk gel system generally consists of a polymer and a crosslinking agent.
Wherein the polymer adapted to the polymer bulk gel system comprises partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) and the cross-linking agent comprises Cr3+Or phenolic resins.
Further, step 106 specifically includes:
step 1061: homogeneous artificial cores with the same permeability as the gel particle medium channels are selected.
Step 1062: injecting solutions of polymer body gel systems with different proportions into the homogeneous artificial rock core, and measuring the breakthrough pressure of the solution of the polymer body gel system after the solution of the polymer body gel system is completely gelatinized by water drive, wherein the polymer body gel system with the breakthrough pressure larger than or equal to the flowing pressure gradient of the injected water in the fractured rock matrix is the adaptive polymer body gel system.
The method for selecting the adaptive polymer body gel system matched with the gel particle medium channel according to the permeability of the gel particle medium channel provided by the embodiment of the application utilizes the homogeneous artificial rock core for selection, so that the selection process is easier to realize, the cost is reduced, and the selection result is more accurate.
Step 107: and injecting a gel system of the adaptive polymer body into the gel particle medium channel, and closing the well for waiting coagulation so as to realize the plugging of the actual large-scale crack.
According to the method for plugging the large-scale fracture of the fractured reservoir, provided by the embodiment of the invention, gel particles with different particle sizes and millimeter-scale particle sizes are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water and are uniformly stirred to obtain various gel particle water solutions with the same concentration. And injecting various gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale fracture at the same injection speed respectively, and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flow pressure gradient. Gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size are prepared into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations are injected into the simulated large-scale cracks respectively at different injection speeds and always keeping the mass flow as a fixed value, and the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed are selected according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale cracks. And injecting the gel particle aqueous solution meeting the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into the actual large-scale crack through the adaptive injection speed to fill to obtain the gel particle medium channel. The permeability of the gel particle media channels was calculated. An adapted polymer bulk gel system matching the gel particle media channels is selected according to the permeability. And injecting a gel system of the adaptive polymer body into the gel particle medium channel, and closing the well for waiting coagulation so as to realize the plugging of the actual large-scale crack. According to the method, gel particle aqueous solution meeting the adaptive particle size and adaptive concentration is injected into an actual large-scale fracture through adaptive injection speed to fill the actual large-scale fracture to obtain a gel particle medium channel, then an adaptive polymer body gel system is used for plugging the gel particle medium channel, the adaptive polymer gel system consolidates dispersed single gel particles, meanwhile, the gel particles play a supporting role on the polymer gel system to enhance the strength of the polymer gel system, finally, the gel particles and the adaptive polymer body gel system interact to realize effective plugging of the whole actual large-scale fracture, the plugging success rate of the large-scale fracture is greatly improved, and powerful technical support is provided for continuous development of fractured oil reservoirs. The plugging method has high plugging strength and good migration capacity, and can stably exist for a long time, so that the whole large-scale crack channel can be uniformly and compactly plugged.
One specific embodiment of a method for plugging large scale fractures using a fractured reservoir of the present invention is provided below.
The simulated formation water is prepared by 10000mg/L NaCl and distilled water. Gel particles with the particle sizes of 1.5mm, 2.0mm, 2.5mm, 3.0mm and 3.5mm are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water and are uniformly stirred to obtain various gel particle aqueous solutions with the same concentration (the concentration is 5000 mg/L). Fractured cores had dimensions of 4.5 x 30cm3Permeability of the matrix is 13X 10-3um2The opening of the crack was 1.8 mm. The partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide is obtained from Hexan chemical company of Beijing, the molecular weight is 1400 ten thousand, and the hydrolysis degree is 25 percent; the crosslinking agent is chromium acetate (Cr)3+The content was 8 mg/mL).
Injecting various gel particle water solutions into a simulated large-scale fracture (such as a fracture model) with the opening of 1.8mm at the same injection speed of 1mL/min respectively, wherein the injection pressure of the gel particle water solutions is shown in figure 2, and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flow pressure gradient.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, when the particle diameter is 1.5mm, the flow resistance of the gel particles is low. When the particle diameter is 3.5mm, the flow resistance of the gel particles rises sharply, and the gel particles become too large in size, resulting in accumulation at the inlet end of the simulated large-scale fracture. When the particle size is 2.0 mm-3.0 mm, the gel particles can flow in the simulated large-scale cracks, and the flow resistance is high. As shown in fig. 2, as indicated by the broken line arrows in the figure, in the range of the particle diameter of 2.0mm to 3.0mm, the equilibrium point of the injection pressure of the gel particles is shifted backward as the particle diameter of the particles increases, and the stock flow rate of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture increases as the particle diameter of the particles increases. This shows that after the particles enter the simulated large-scale fracture, the large particle size is relatively more favorable for plugging, and in the embodiment, the particle size of 2.5mm is selected as the adaptive particle size in comprehensive consideration.
Preparing 2.5mm gel particles into six groups of gel particle water solutions with different concentrations, wherein the first group comprises: the concentration is 1000 mg/L; second group: the concentration is 2000 mg/L; third group: the concentration is 4000 mg/L; and a fourth group: the concentration is 8000 mg/L; and a fifth group: the concentration is 16000 mg/L; a sixth group: the concentration was 40000 mg/L. Injecting six groups of gel aqueous solutions with different concentrations into a simulated large-scale fracture (such as a fracture model) with the opening of 1.8mm at different injection speeds and always keeping the mass flow of 8mg/min, wherein the injection speeds of the six groups of gel particle aqueous solutions are as follows: a first group: 8 mL/min; second group: 4 mL/min; third group: 2 mL/min; and a fourth group: 1 mL/min; and a fifth group: 0.5 mL/min; a sixth group: 0.2 mL/min.
Observing the spreading distribution of the gel particles, the spreading distribution of the six groups of gel particle aqueous solutions in the simulated large-scale fracture is shown in figure 3, and it can be seen from the figure that the retention amount of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture is increased along with the increase of the injection concentration and the decrease of the injection speed. When the injection speed is reduced, the water flow scouring capability is reduced, and the reserve volume is increased. When the concentration of the aqueous solution of gel particles increases, the amount of accumulated gel particles increases, and the amount of retained gel particles also increases. When the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture are distributed in the fracture more closely, the gel particles also have certain flowing capacity, and the concentration and the injection speed at the moment are the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed. As shown in FIG. 3, in the present example, the fitting concentration and the fitting injection rate of the simulated large-scale fracture were set at a concentration of 8000mg/L and an injection rate of 1 mL/min.
And injecting the gel particle aqueous solution with the particle size of 2.5mm and the concentration of 8000mg/L into the actual large-scale crack at the injection speed of 1mL/min to fill the actual large-scale crack to obtain the gel particle medium channel.
Injecting a gel particle water solution with the particle diameter of 2.5mm and the concentration of 8000mg/L into a simulated large-scale crack (such as a crack model) under the same condition at an injection speed of 1mL/min, observing the front edge advancing characteristic of the gel particle, wherein the front edge of the gel particle advances in a piston type manner as shown in figure 4, and combining the spreading area and the injection volume of the gel particle in the crack model, calculating the migration depth (the migration depth is the injection volume divided by the spreading area) of the gel particle until the whole crack is filled with the gel particle.
The results of simulating the profile of the large-scale fracture before injecting the aqueous gel particle solution and the filling of the entire large-scale fracture with gel particles are shown in fig. 5. Measuring the injection pressure of gel particle water solution with particle diameter of 2.5mm and concentration of 8000mg/L before and after injection into the simulated large-scale fracture at injection speed of 1mL/min, and calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel to be 2300 × 10 by using Darcy formula-3um2。
The selected permeability is 2300 x 10-3um2Homogeneous artificial core (size 4.5 x 30 cm)3) The displacement experiment is carried out instead of the gel particle medium channel. Injecting solutions of polymer body gel systems of different systems (namely different contents of polymer and cross-linking agent) into the homogeneous artificial rock core, and measuring the breakthrough pressure of the polymer body gel systems by water drive after the solutions of the polymer body gel systems are completely gelatinized, wherein in practice, the breakthrough pressure of the polymer body gels of different systems is measured at the water drive speed of 0.5 mL/min. The results are shown in Table 1 below (the frequency of the elastic modulus test of the polymer bulk gel system is 1 Hz).
TABLE 1 test of blocking strength of polymer body gel system with different proportions
For permeability of 13X 10-3um2The water injection starting pressure gradient of the matrix of the fractured core is 3.3MPa/m when the flow rate is 1 ml/min. Therefore, when the breakthrough pressure of the polymer bulk gel system after plugging the gel particle medium channel is more than 3.3MPa/m, the fluid in the fractured core matrix can be started. From the results of Table 1 above, it is found that the permeability is 2300X 10-3um2When the plugging strength of the polymer body gel system is higher than 66Pa, the gel particle medium channel can be completely plugged. As shown in Table 1, the amounts of HPAM +150mg/L Cr # 1, 4000mg/L in the table3+Is the adapted polymer bulk gel system in this experiment.
And injecting a gel system of the adaptive polymer body into the gel particle medium channel, and closing the well for waiting coagulation so as to realize the plugging of the actual large-scale crack.
By utilizing the plugging method for the large-scale fracture of the fractured reservoir provided by the embodiment of the invention, a better yield increase effect is obtained in the application process of the fractured reservoir of the oil field, and support can be provided for the continuous and efficient development of the fractured reservoir with high water content. The following provides a practical embodiment.
Well field overview: 5088-3 water injection well is located in 5098 well of Yanzhou-fan Chuan district of Shidan county, and the main oil-bearing layer is 6 groups long. The well is put into production by fracturing in 8 months in 2004 and is transferred in 12 months in 2005, which is a general water injection mode. 5088-3 Water injection well horizon data is shown in Table 2 below and horizon data for the corresponding production wells is shown in Table 3 below.
Table 25088-3 waterflooding well horizon data table
TABLE 3 basic data sheet for corresponding producing well
The water absorption profile test result shows that the 5088-3 water injection well has obvious fingering phenomenon in water injection at 1754.2-1759.6m, the fracturing crack of the interval is large, and the water absorption profile is seriously uneven. By combining the analysis of sand body communication condition and production dynamic data, the 5088-3 well has larger artificial cracks, and has the characteristics of quick response, quick water breakthrough, quick water flooding and 'stopping more when stopping once' after well group water injection. At present, 5088-1, 5088-5, 5098-6 and 5088-2 are big wells. The injected water is circulated inefficiently or inefficiently between oil and water wells, so that the oil-water displacement efficiency is reduced. The tracer test results show that the mean size of the mainstream fractures in the well group is 1.8 mm.
Plugging construction design: because the size of the crack is large, the first problem of the well group plugging construction is 'plugging failure', so a plugging method of combined operation of gel particles and a polymer body gel system is adopted. The design basis and purpose of the main plugging construction parameters are shown in the following table 4.
TABLE 4 Key construction parameters for plugging large-scale fractured low-permeability oil reservoir
After the construction is finished, the injection allocation is planned to be 12m3And d, the wellhead injection pressure is lower than 16 MPa. Based on the design parameters of table 4, the plugging construction curve is shown in fig. 6. As can be seen from the figure, the injection pressure gradually increased at the stage of injecting the gel particles, which means that the gel particles gradually entered the deep portion of the fracture and were well distributed. The pressure also increased slowly during the injection of the polymer bulk gel system, indicating that the polymer bulk gel system was relatively gradual into the gel particle media channels. And after the construction is finished, closing the well and waiting for 5 days. When the well is opened again for normal water injection, the injection allocation is 12m3At the time of/d, the injection pressure is 12.5MPa, and the planned requirements can be met.
And (3) analyzing the plugging effect: the production of the 5088-3 well group before and after construction is shown in table 5 below.
Table 55088-3 corresponds to well production
As can be seen from Table 5, the three fractured water-channeling wells showed significant oil-increasing effects, specifically 5395-1, 5088-7, and 5088-1. Other well groups also have some degree of oil gain. The average daily oil increase of the whole well group is 2.44 tons, and the effective period is more than 160 d. The plugging method can be used for better plugging large-scale cracks.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A method for plugging large-scale fractures of a fractured reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
dispersing gel particles with different particle sizes of millimeter level into simulated formation water respectively, and stirring uniformly to obtain various gel particle water solutions with the same concentration;
injecting various gel particle aqueous solutions into the simulated large-scale fracture at the same injection speed respectively, and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flow pressure gradient;
preparing the gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, injecting the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations into the simulated large-scale fracture at different injection speeds and always keeping the mass flow as a fixed value, and selecting the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture;
injecting the gel particle aqueous solution meeting the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration into the actual large-scale crack through the adaptive injection speed to fill to obtain a gel particle medium channel;
calculating the permeability of the gel particle media channel;
selecting an adapted polymer bulk gel system matching the gel particle media channel according to the permeability;
and injecting the adaptive polymer body gel system into the gel particle medium channel, and closing the well and waiting for coagulation to realize the plugging of the actual large-scale crack.
2. The method for plugging the large-scale fracture of the fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the gel particles with different particle sizes and millimeter-sized particle sizes are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water, and are uniformly stirred to obtain a plurality of gel particle aqueous solutions with the same concentration, and the method for preparing the gel particles specifically comprises the following steps:
adding modified starch into water, and adding 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, acrylamide, N' -methylenebisacrylamide and potassium persulfate after the modified starch is fully dissolved;
after the mixed solution is fully stirred, sealing and putting the mixed solution into a constant temperature box until the mixed solution becomes an integral blocky gel;
taking out the block-shaped gel, drying, crushing and granulating to prepare gel particles.
3. The method for plugging the large-scale fracture of the fractured reservoir according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of respectively dispersing the gel particles with different particle sizes in millimeter order into the simulated formation water comprises the following specific steps:
gel particles with different particle sizes and millimeter-sized particle sizes are respectively dispersed into simulated formation water prepared from sodium chloride and distilled water.
4. The method for plugging large-scale fractures of a fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles according to the size of the flow pressure gradient specifically comprises:
and selecting the adaptive particle size of the gel particles based on a change rule graph of the injection pressure and the injection volume.
5. The method for plugging large-scale fractures of a fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size are prepared into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations are injected into the simulated large-scale fractures respectively at different injection speeds and always keeping the mass flow as a fixed value, and the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed are selected according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fractures, specifically comprising:
preparing the gel particles meeting the adaptive particle size into gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations, wherein each concentration range of the gel particle aqueous solutions is 1000 mg/L-100000 mg/L, injecting the gel particle aqueous solutions with different concentrations into the simulated large-scale fracture channel at different injection speeds within the range of 0.1 mL/min-10.0 mL/min and always keeping the mass flow rate at 8mg/min, and selecting the adaptive concentration and the adaptive injection speed according to the distribution density of the gel particles in the simulated large-scale fracture.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the selecting the conformable polymer bulk gel system matching the gel particle media channels according to the permeability comprises partially hydrolyzing polyacrylamide, and the cross-linking agent comprises Cr3+Or phenolic resins.
7. The method for plugging large-scale fractures of a fractured reservoir according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the step of selecting the adaptive polymer bulk gel system matched with the gel particle medium channels according to the permeability specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting a homogeneous artificial rock core with the same permeability as the gel particle medium channel;
injecting solutions of polymer body gel systems with different proportions into the homogeneous artificial rock core, and measuring the breakthrough pressure of the solution of the polymer body gel system after the solution of the polymer body gel system is completely gelatinized by water drive, wherein the polymer body gel system with the breakthrough pressure larger than or equal to the flowing pressure gradient of the injected water in the fractured rock matrix is the adaptive polymer body gel system.
8. The method for plugging large-scale fractures of a fractured reservoir according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel specifically comprises the following steps:
and measuring the injection pressure of the gel particle aqueous solution with the adaptive particle size and the adaptive concentration before and after the gel particle aqueous solution is injected into the simulated large-scale fracture through the adaptive injection speed, and then calculating the permeability of the gel particle medium channel by using a Darcy formula.
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