CN114182681A - Sheet pile gravity combined breakwater construction method - Google Patents
Sheet pile gravity combined breakwater construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114182681A CN114182681A CN202111435689.7A CN202111435689A CN114182681A CN 114182681 A CN114182681 A CN 114182681A CN 202111435689 A CN202111435689 A CN 202111435689A CN 114182681 A CN114182681 A CN 114182681A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/16—Sealings or joints
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
- E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
- E02D5/10—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of concrete or reinforced concrete
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
Abstract
The invention discloses a sheet pile gravity type breakwater construction method, which comprises the following construction steps: s1: prefabricating breakwater members such as a bottom plate, sheet piles, bearing bodies and wave dissipation holes, and conveying the breakwater members to a construction site: s2: driving sheet piles; s3: laying a bottom plate; s4, mounting a bearing body; s5: and assembling the wave dissipation holes to obtain the breakwater structure. The method has the advantages of simple construction, short construction period, no need of a large amount of stone throwing operation, less environmental pollution, wide application to muddy coast or soft soil foundation in deep water area and good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and particularly relates to a sheet pile gravity combined breakwater construction method.
Background
Breakwaters are an important component of the manual shield of coastal ports, usually located at the periphery of the port's waters. The breakwater has the functions of preventing waves from invading, forming a sheltered water area, blocking the impact force of the waves, enclosing the harbor basin, maintaining the water surface stable to protect the port from being influenced by severe weather, providing safe berthing and operation for ships, and preventing the harbor basin from silting and the waves from eroding a shoreline.
In the prior art, the breakwater can be divided into a heavy breakwater and a light breakwater according to different structural types, wherein the heavy breakwater is a traditional and common breakwater type and comprises a straight wall breakwater, a slope breakwater, a hybrid breakwater and the like; light breakwaters have been developed in recent decades and have been developed according to the concentration of wave energy on the surface layer and by combining the special needs of the engineering, such as permeable breakwaters, floating breakwaters, jet breakwaters and jetties. Regarding a heavy breakwater, a straight wall breakwater is suitable for an area with a compact foundation, a slope breakwater is suitable for the condition of a small water depth and a soft soil foundation, the hybrid breakwater is a breakwater formed by mixing a concrete straight wall at the upper part and a slope type riprap outburst foundation bed at the lower part, and factors such as the height of the outburst foundation bed and the critical water depth need to be considered.
With the construction of the breakwater, the breakwater is continuously developed towards a deep water area, the construction difficulty of the breakwater is greatly increased when the breakwater faces a soft soil foundation or a deep water environment with severe sea waves, the engineering progress is difficult to guarantee, the resistance of the breakwater structure is greatly challenged, and the breakwater is easily damaged due to cold tide or strong wind.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a sheet pile gravity combination type breakwater construction method, which is simple and convenient in construction, short in construction period and free from a large amount of stone throwing operation, and the obtained sheet pile gravity combination type breakwater is suitable for deep water areas with severe strong surge and sea areas with soft soil foundations along the coast.
A construction method of a sheet pile gravity combined breakwater comprises the following steps:
s1: prefabricated breakwater component: prefabricating breakwater members such as a bottom plate, sheet piles, bearing bodies, wave-dissipating holes and the like in a prefabrication field, and integrally undocking and transporting the breakwater members to a construction site in a floating manner;
s2: vertically driving a sheet pile to an underground specified depth;
s3: laying a bottom plate on the foundation on the wave-facing side of the sheet pile, and filling cement paste between the sheet pile and the bottom plate for bonding;
s4, paving cement paste on the bottom plate, twisting the bearing bodies to the bottom plate for placement, and connecting the bearing bodies into a whole through the cement paste;
s5: and paving cement paste on the top of the bearing body, moving the wave dissipation hole to the top of the bearing body, and connecting the wave dissipation hole and the bearing body into a whole to obtain the breakwater structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the construction method provided by the invention is rapid and convenient, the construction workload is small, each component of the breakwater is prepared by a method of prefabricating in advance, and then the breakwater is transported to a construction site to be assembled to obtain the breakwater. Meanwhile, the breakwater prepared by the construction method has the advantages of simple structure, high integral strength, capability of bearing strong wave attack, better wave-absorbing and wave-preventing functions and better anti-skid stability.
Further, in step S1, the prefabrication process of the wave dissipating hole is as follows: assembling the combined steel templates into a hollow fan-shaped cylinder, then uniformly layering the combined steel templates from bottom to top along the height direction, and pouring the combined steel templates step by layering with concrete materials. Compare in traditional vertical type breakwater, the superstructure of breakwater is the circular arc curved surface that has the wave function of breaking, makes the wave force that it received reduce, and the cling compound stability is better, can weaken the erosion of sea water to other components, prolongs the life of breakwater.
Furthermore, in the process of prefabricating the wave dissipation tunnel, when the wave dissipation tunnel is poured in layers, the vertical construction joints are provided with the templates, the vertical construction joints in the upper layer and the lower layer are staggered with each other, the stress distribution is reduced, and the stability of the structure is enhanced.
Furthermore, in the prefabrication process of the wave dissipation hole, the arc curved surface of the combined steel template is provided with the wave dissipation hole, and the fan-shaped surfaces at two sides are provided with the drain holes. The wave-absorbing hole is used for resisting wave impact and enhancing the wave-absorbing and wave-preventing functions. When waves come, part of the waves enter the wave dissipation hole from the wave dissipation hole, and the rest of the waves are blocked by the outer wall of the wave dissipation hole, so that the wave amplitude of the coming waves can be effectively reduced, the coming wave structure is damaged, and the deep-water sea area severe strong surge can be responded.
Further, in step S2, before the bottom plate is laid, the foundation on the wave-facing side of the sheet pile is leveled. Prevent the uneven settlement of the bearing body and the wave dissipation hole at the upper part caused by gravity.
Further, in step S2, the driving depth of the sheet pile does not exceed 50 m.
Further, in step S5, after the wave dissipating holes are fixed, cement paste is filled between the sheet piles and the bearing body and between the sheet piles and the wave dissipating holes to bond the sheet piles and the bearing body and the wave dissipating holes into a whole.
Further, in step S1, the load-bearing body is a prefabricated solid block.
Further, in step S3, a chemical corrosion preventing material is coated on the outer side of the base plate to form a corrosion preventing coating. And chemical anticorrosive material is coated on the outer side of the bottom plate to protect the bottom plate from being corroded by seawater.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a sheet pile gravity-coupled breakwater construction method according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a breakwater obtained by the sheet pile gravity-combined breakwater construction method of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-reinforced concrete sheet pile; 2-wave elimination; 3-solid squares; 4-a bottom plate; 21-wave eliminating holes; 22-drainage holes.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are intended to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Aiming at the problem that the protection construction work expansion difficulty is large in the soft soil foundation of a deep water area in the prior art, the invention provides a sheet pile gravity combination type breakwater construction method, please refer to fig. 1, which is a flow chart of the embodiment, and the construction method comprises the following construction steps:
s1: prefabricated breakwater component: prefabricating breakwater members such as a bottom plate, sheet piles, bearing bodies, wave-dissipating holes and the like in a prefabrication field, and then integrally undocking and transporting the breakwater members to a construction site in a floating manner;
the bottom plate is a long plate prepared from reinforced concrete materials, the thickness of the bottom plate is 1m, the width of the bottom plate is 15m, the length of the bottom plate is not less than 80m, when prefabrication is conducted, reinforcement binding and formwork erecting are conducted firstly, reinforcing steel bars are fixed into a hollowed sheet pile framework, then a formwork is covered on the reinforcing steel bar framework, concrete is poured, and finally the bottom plate is obtained after maintenance is conducted until strength standards are met and formwork stripping is conducted.
The sheet pile is a reinforced concrete sheet pile, the concrete strength is C30, the steel bar strength is HPB400, the length of the reinforced concrete sheet pile is 90m-100m, and the thickness is not less than 0.15 m; the reinforced concrete sheet pile has the characteristics of high strength, high rigidity, convenient material taking, simple and easy construction and the like, the manufacture is not limited by sites, the reinforced concrete sheet pile can be prepared on site or prefabricated in a prefabricated field, the prefabricated pile can be sent to a construction site after being prefabricated in the prefabricated field, excavation is not needed, the work load of site construction is small, pile sinking is easy to carry out, and the reinforced concrete sheet pile is suitable for soft soil foundations. In other embodiments, for the deepwater wharf which can be constructed on land, a construction mode of forming a hole and then planting a pile or a construction mode of driving an underground continuous wall structure can be adopted, so that a pile body is driven into a foundation, and the driving depth is adjusted according to the foundation condition in the actual engineering.
The bearing body is a concrete solid square, the solid square is formed by splicing a plurality of small-sized squares, the length and the width of the solid square are consistent with those of the bottom plate, and the height of the solid square is 20-25 m.
The wave dissipation hole is formed by the combined steel templates in the layered distribution and pouring of the prefabricated field, the length and the width of the wave dissipation hole are consistent with those of the bottom plate, the height of the wave dissipation hole is 20m, and the thickness of the thin wall of the wave dissipation hole is 0.3 m. The prefabrication process of the wave dissipation hole comprises the following steps: the combined steel templates are assembled into a structure of the needed wave-dissipating hole, the steel templates are uniformly layered from bottom to top along the height direction, the combined steel templates are poured step by using concrete materials in a layered mode, the templates are arranged on the vertical construction joints when the combined steel templates are poured in the layered mode, and the vertical construction joints in the upper layer and the lower layer are staggered. Through holes are reserved on the arc surface and the fan-shaped surfaces at two sides of the combined steel template, a plurality of wave dissipation holes are formed on the arc surface after pouring is finished, and drain holes are formed on the fan-shaped surfaces at two sides.
S2: determining the driving position of the sheet pile, vertically driving the reinforced concrete sheet pile to the ground by adopting equipment such as a pile driver, a pile driving ship and the like, wherein the depth is about 50m, so that the sheet pile foundation is firmer, and before driving, leveling treatment is carried out on the foundation, so as to ensure that no barrier exists in the range of the longitudinal axis of the sheet pile;
s3, a base plate is laid on the foundation on the wave-facing side of the reinforced concrete sheet pile, cement paste is filled between the reinforced concrete sheet pile and the base plate for bonding, and before the base plate is laid, the foundation is leveled, so that the influence on the whole structure caused by uneven settlement of the load fixed on the base plate subsequently due to gravity is avoided;
s4, paving cement paste on the bottom plate, twisting the solid square blocks to the bottom plate for placement, and bonding and fixing the solid square blocks through the cement paste to provide gravity load for the whole structure;
s5: paving cement paste on the top of the solid square block, moving the wave dissipation hole to the top of the solid square block, and bonding and fixing the wave dissipation hole to the solid square block into a whole through the cement paste;
s6: and cement paste is paved among the reinforced concrete sheet pile, the solid square and the wave dissipation hole, so that the reinforced concrete sheet pile, the solid square and the wave dissipation hole are bonded into an integral breakwater structure.
In the embodiment, the longitudinal section of the wave dissipation hole is in a fan shape, four layers of circular wave dissipation holes are formed in the arc side face of the fan shape, the radius of each circular wave dissipation hole is 1m, the distance between every two adjacent wave dissipation holes is 0.5m, three layers of circular drain holes are formed in the two fan-shaped faces respectively, the radius of each circular drain hole is 1.5m, the number of each layer is 1.3, and in other embodiments, the number and the positions of the wave dissipation holes and the drain holes are adjusted according to the current hydrological conditions and the actual engineering water discharge amount.
In this embodiment, when the bottom plate is prefabricated, scribble chemical corrosion resistant material in the outside of bottom plate, form anticorrosive coating, the protection bottom plate is not destroyed, resists the sea water erosion, prolongs the life of breakwater.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a breakwater structure manufactured by the above construction method, in which a reinforced concrete sheet pile 1 is vertically arranged in a hard clay deep layer of a foundation, one half of the reinforced concrete sheet pile is inserted into the foundation, the other half is erected on the foundation, a bottom plate 4 is flatly laid on the foundation, and one side of the bottom plate is bonded and fixed with a side wall of the reinforced concrete sheet pile 1 through cement paste; the solid square blocks 3 are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate 4 and play a role in bearing, two mutually vertical side surfaces of the wave dissipation hole 2 are respectively bonded and fixed with the reinforced concrete sheet pile 1 and the solid square blocks 3 through cement paste to form an integral structure of the breakwater, a plurality of wave dissipation holes 21 are formed in two arc curved surfaces of the wave dissipation hole 2, water drainage holes 22 are formed in fan-shaped surfaces on two sides, and when waves invade, part of waves enter the wave dissipation hole 2 from the wave dissipation holes 21 and are discharged through the water drainage holes 22 to form water circulation.
The wave-lift prevention structure combines the advantages of the sheet pile and the concrete solid square, utilizes the gravity load of the solid square 3 and the strong bending resistance and the better bending and overturning resistance of the reinforced concrete sheet pile 1, stands on a soft soil foundation, is not easy to topple when facing the attack of strong waves, eliminates the waves by relying on the arc curved surface of the wave elimination hole 2, the waves enter the wave elimination hole 2 from the wave elimination hole 21 and are discharged from the water discharge hole 22, the water body circulation is realized, the wave elimination effect is further strengthened, and the severe strong surge of deep water areas is resisted.
The construction method is rapid and convenient, the construction workload is small, each component of the breakwater is prepared by a method of prefabricating in advance, the site construction preparation is not needed, a large number of excavation is saved, foundation excavation or foundation reinforcement is not needed in the construction process, stone throwing operation is not needed, the environmental pollution is small, the construction period is short, and the method is widely applicable to silt coasts or soft soil foundations in deep water areas and has good application prospects.
The above description is only a partial example of the present invention, and does not limit the embodiments and the protection scope of the present invention, therefore, it should be recognized that the present invention is covered by the protection scope of the present invention by the equivalent substitution and obvious change made by the description of the present invention for those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A sheet pile gravity combined breakwater construction method is characterized by comprising the following construction steps:
s1: prefabricated breakwater component: prefabricating a bottom plate, sheet piles, a bearing body and a wave dissipation hole in a prefabrication field, and integrally undocking and transporting the prefabricated bottom plate, the sheet piles, the bearing body and the wave dissipation hole to a construction site in a floating manner;
s2: vertically driving a sheet pile to an underground specified depth;
s3: laying a bottom plate on the foundation on the wave-facing side of the sheet pile, and filling cement paste between the sheet pile and the bottom plate for bonding;
s4, paving cement paste on the bottom plate, twisting the bearing bodies to the bottom plate for placement, and connecting the bearing bodies into a whole through the cement paste;
s5: and paving cement paste on the top of the bearing body, moving the wave dissipation hole to the top of the bearing body, and connecting the wave dissipation hole and the bearing body into a whole to obtain the breakwater structure.
2. The sheet pile gravity-coupled breakwater construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the prefabrication process of the wave dissipation hole is: assembling the combined steel templates into a hollow fan-shaped cylinder, uniformly layering the steel templates from bottom to top along the height direction, and pouring the combined steel templates layer by layer step by using concrete materials.
3. The sheet pile gravity-combined breakwater construction method according to claim 2, wherein in the wave-breaking hole prefabricating process, when layered pouring is carried out, the vertical construction joints are provided with the templates, and the vertical construction joints in the upper layer and the lower layer are staggered.
4. The method for constructing a sheet pile gravity-combined breakwater according to claim 2, wherein in the process of prefabricating the wave dissipation hole, the arc curved surface of the combined steel formwork is provided with the wave dissipation holes, and the sector surfaces on two sides are provided with the drainage holes.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, before the bottom slab is laid, the foundation of the breakwater is leveled on the wave-facing side of the sheet pile.
6. The method for constructing a sheet pile gravity-coupled breakwater according to claim 1, wherein the driving depth of the sheet pile is not more than 50m in step S2.
7. The method for constructing a breakwater by combining gravity of a sheet pile according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, after the wave-breaking hole is fixed, cement paste is filled between the sheet pile and the bearing body and between the sheet pile and the wave-breaking hole to bond the sheet pile and the bearing body and the wave-breaking hole into a whole.
8. The method for constructing a sheet pile gravity-combined breakwater according to claim 1, wherein the load-bearing body is a prefabricated solid block in step S1.
9. The method of constructing a sheet pile gravity-coupled breakwater according to claim 1, wherein a chemical corrosion preventing material is coated on an outer side of the bottom plate to form a corrosion preventing coating layer in step S3.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111435689.7A CN114182681A (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Sheet pile gravity combined breakwater construction method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111435689.7A CN114182681A (en) | 2021-11-26 | 2021-11-26 | Sheet pile gravity combined breakwater construction method |
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| CN101713181A (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2010-05-26 | 中交第一航务工程勘察设计院有限公司 | Novel caisson composite levee of curve breast wall |
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2021
- 2021-11-26 CN CN202111435689.7A patent/CN114182681A/en active Pending
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